NEW JERSEY DIVISION OF CHILD PROTECTION AND PERMANENCY v. E.T.

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RECORD IMPOUNDED

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
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SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-1588-17T3

NEW JERSEY DIVISION OF
CHILD PROTECTION AND
PERMANENCY,

Plaintiff-Respondent,

E.T.,

Defendant,

and

R.M.,

Defendant-Appellant.
____________________________

IN THE MATTER OF THE
GUARDIANSHIP OF H.R.M.
and S.E.M., Minors.
____________________________

Submitted October 30, 2018 – Decided November 20, 2018

Before Judges Rothstadt, Gilson and Natali.
On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey,
Chancery Division, Family Part, Camden County,
Docket No. FG-04-0171-17.

Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, attorney for
appellant (Laura Orriols, Designated Counsel, on the
briefs).

Gurbir S. Grewal, Attorney General, attorney for
respondent (Melissa H. Raksa, Assistant Attorney
General, of counsel; Laura A. Dwyer, Deputy Attorney
General, on the brief).

Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, Law Guardian,
attorney for minors (Meredith A. Pollock, Deputy
Public Defender, of counsel; Danielle Ruiz, Designated
Counsel, on the brief).

PER CURIAM

Defendant R.M.1 appeals from the Family Part's November 16, 2017

guardianship judgment and order terminating his parental rights to his and

defendant E.T.'s (Elizabeth) 2 two children, H.R.M. (Hannah) and S.E.M.

(Stephen), who were born in 2016 and 2017 respectively. The Division of Child

Protection and Permanency (Division) and the Law Guardian contend that the

order should be affirmed. After reviewing the record in light of the applicable

1
To protect privacy interests, we use initials and fictitious names for the parents
and children. See R. 1:38-3(d)(12).
2
Elizabeth has not filed an appeal in this matter.
A-1588-17T3
2
legal standards, we affirm substantially for the reasons stated by Judge Francine

I. Axelrad in her November 16, 2017 oral decision.

The pertinent evidence was set forth in Judge Axelrad's decision and need

not be repeated here in detail. The children have never lived with defendant,

and he has not been active in either child's life due to his substance abuse

problems, history of domestic violence, and criminal behavior that led to his

repeated incarcerations. Throughout the litigation of this case, he repeatedly

missed scheduled visitations and did not avail himself of court-ordered services

despite the Division's attempts to schedule these services on his behalf.

Significantly, defendant did not even make consistent efforts to communicate

with the Division about his children.

This action began a month after Hannah's birth, in May 2016, when the

Division took custody of her based upon Elizabeth's use of controlled dangerous

substances, her and Hannah testing positive for opiates at the child's birth, 3

defendant's failure to respond to the Division's attempts to contact him, and a

report that defendant had recently assaulted Elizabeth. After the court granted

3
The circumstances of the child's birth, which Judge Axelrad described as
"horrific," included Elizabeth being alone with defendant in a motel room taking
narcotics and delivering the baby herself, all in order to avoid the Division from
finding out about the child being born.
A-1588-17T3
3
the Division care and custody of Hannah, it placed the newborn child with her

maternal aunt and uncle. According to the Division's caseworker, that

placement caused an incident of domestic violence against Elizabeth by

defendant that resulted in Elizabeth sustaining injuries to her eye and face.

A year later, Stephen was born while defendant was incarcerated. The

Division took custody of Stephen at birth after he and Elizabeth tested positive

for opiates, cocaine, and buprenorphine. After the court granted the Division

custody and care, the Division placed Stephen with Hannah in the care of their

maternal aunt and uncle.

During the year between the children's birth dates, defendant did not stay

in regular contact with the Division or otherwise make any effort to have contact

with his child, even though the court had ordered weekly visitation. He

repeatedly missed appointments for his court-ordered services and

psychological and substance abuse evaluations. From July to December 2016,

the Division repeatedly attempted to contact defendant without success. In late

December 2016, the Division learned he was incarcerated, and on January 3,

2017, defendant called the assigned caseworker from jail. He explained that he

was unsure when he would be released, and agreed to maintain contact with the

caseworker.

A-1588-17T3
4
On May 4, 2017, two caseworkers met with defendant at the jail. During

this meeting, he admitted that he had used cocaine throughout his relationship

with Elizabeth, had previously stolen from others to purchase illicit substances,

and had last used cocaine in December 2016. Defendant explained that he

stopped attending visitations with Hannah and missed court appearances

because he had not received notice. He stated that he expected to be released

from jail in June or July of 2017, and would cooperate with the Division once

released.

In accordance with a previously court-approved permanency plan, on May

16, 2017, the Division filed a complaint for guardianship of Hannah and

Stephen. Afterward, on July 11, 2017, defendant was released from jail. During

the ensuing days in July, police responded to numerous reports of domestic

violence between defendant and Elizabeth, and multiple assaults between

defendant and other individuals.

On July 21, 2017, the Division and defendant had their first contact since

his release from jail. The Division scheduled visitation for defendant with his

children and from July 28 to September 11, 2017, defendant attended weekly

visits. On September 11, 2017, he appeared sick and ended the visit early. After

that visit, he missed two more visits. On September 27, 2017, defendant was

A-1588-17T3
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arrested for a violation of probation and remained incarcerated throughout the

rest of the court proceedings, including the guardianship trial in November 2017,

which he attended.

Prior to his incarceration, defendant had completed a psychological

evaluation with Linda R. Jeffrey, Ph.D. in August 2017. Dr. Jeffrey concluded

that defendant suffered from a severe, chronic adjustment disorder with a history

of problems with the law; an intermittent explosive disorder; a specific learning

disorder with impairment in written expression; a substance use disorder with a

high probability of prescription drug abuse; and an antisocial personality

disorder with narcissistic, paranoid, and borderline personality disorder features.

She further found that defendant had a serious parent-child relational problem,

had missed many visits due to his incarceration, and had a history of domestic

violence based on the reported physical violence towards Elizabeth and a

restraining order obtained against him in 2005 by the mother of his other two

children. Those elements, coupled with defendant's unresolved problems with

the law and untreated substance abuse disorder, led Dr. Jeffrey to opine that

defendant could not provide a minimal level of safe parenting to Hannah and

Stephen.

A-1588-17T3
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The doctor also conducted bonding evaluations between the children and

defendant, and between them and their maternal aunt and uncle. She found that

Hannah related to defendant as a "pleasant playmate," and opined that severance

of Hannah and Stephen's contact with defendant was "unlikely to cause either

child serious and enduring harm." As to the maternal aunt and uncle, Dr. Jeffrey

found Hannah related to them as her psychological parents, and opined that

Hannah "displayed a secure attachment toward both her maternal aunt and

uncle."

On October 3, 2017, the Division advised the court that neither Elizabeth

nor defendant were engaging in any court-ordered services. The Division

further advised that it had considered the children's paternal grandmother and

paternal aunt as potential placements, but was ruling them out as options for

"best interest reasons."

The Division presented Dr. Jeffrey and caseworker Shareda Cunningham

as witnesses at the guardianship trial held on November 15 and 16, 2017.

Defendant attended the trial, was represented by counsel, and testified as his

only witness.

At the conclusion of the testimony and counsels' summations, Judge

Axelrad placed her decision on the record. Initially, the judge made detailed

A-1588-17T3
7
credibility findings in which she concluded that both Dr. Jeffrey and

Cunningham were credible and defendant was not. In reaching her conclusion,

the judge noted that the doctor's opinions were unrefuted by defendant and that

defendant's testimony was "flip" and unbelievable.

Turning to the evidence, the judge found the Division proved by clear and

convincing evidence all four prongs necessary to terminate defendant's parental

rights under N.J.S.A. 30:4C-15.1(a). She also concluded that defendant's history

of domestic violence, "unremedi[]ed drug use," together with his repeated

incarcerations and failure to "offer[] a viable plan for a safe and stable home,"

and his participation in Hannah's birth without insuring the child's health and

safety, exposed the children to a risk of harm. The judge further found that

defendant was unwilling or unable to eliminate the harm facing Hannah and

Stephen despite the Division providing him with a number of services and as a

result, he was incapable of meeting any of the children's material or emotional

needs. She determined the Division had made reasonable efforts to reunify

defendant with Hannah and Stephen, and that the Division had extensively

explored, but properly ruled out, placement of the children with other family

members. Finally, the judge found it would not do more harm than good to

terminate defendant's parental rights.

A-1588-17T3
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After placing her decision on the record, Judge Axelrad entered a

judgment of guardianship, terminating Elizabeth's and defendant's parental

rights and granting the Division guardianship of Hannah and Stephen. This

appeal followed.

On appeal, defendant presents the following points of argument:

POINT I

DCPP WILLFULLY VIOLATED THE
DEFENDANT'S EQUAL PROTECTION AND DUE
PROCESS RIGHTS TO EXACT ITS
PREDETERMINED OUTCOME FOR THE CASE
(NOT RAISED BELOW).

POINT II

THE JUDGMENT TERMINATING DEFENDANT'S
PARENTAL RIGHTS SHOULD BE REVERSED
BECAUSE THE LOWER COURT ERRED IN
FINDING THAT DCPP PRODUCED CLEAR AND
CONVINCING EVIDENCE THAT THE CHILDREN
WERE AT RISK FROM THE PARENTAL
RELATIONSHIP.

POINT III

THE JUDGMENT OF TERMINATION OF
PARENTAL RIGHTS SHOULD BE REVERSED
BECAUSE THE LOWER COURT ERRED IN
FINDING THAT DCPP FULFILLED ITS
STATUTORY OBLIGATIONS REQUIRED UNDER
THE THIRD PRONG OF THE BEST INTERESTS
TEST, AND THE COURT MISINTERPRETED AND
MISAPPLIED THE LAW IN THIS PRONG.

A-1588-17T3
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POINT IV

THE JUDGMENT OF TERMINATION OF
PARENTAL RIGHTS MUST BE REVERSED
BECAUSE THE LACK OF VISITATION FATALLY
UNDERMINED THE ABILITY OF DCPP TO MEET
ITS UNQUESTIONABLY HEAVY BURDEN TO
PROVIDE CLEAR AND CONVINCING EVIDENCE
TO TERMINATE PARENTAL RIGHTS.

POINT V

THE LOWER COURT ERRED IN RELYING ON THE
DCPP EXPERT'S OPINION AS IT DID NOT
CONTRIBUTE TO AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE
FACTS AT ISSUE.

Our review of an order terminating parental rights is limited. N.J. Div. of

Youth & Family Servs. v. R.G., 217 N.J. 527, 552 (2014). We will uphold the

trial court's findings as long as they are "supported by adequate, substantial, and

credible evidence." Ibid. "We accord deference to factfindings of the family

court because it has the superior ability to gauge the credibility of the witnesses

who testify before it and because it possesses special expertise in matters related

to the family." N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs. v. F.M., 211 N.J. 420, 448

(2012). Overturning a family court's factual findings is appropriate only when

the findings "went so wide of the mark that the judge was clearly mistaken."

N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs. v. G.L., 191 N.J. 596, 605 (2007).

A-1588-17T3
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Nonetheless, we do not afford "special deference" to the family court's

interpretation of the law. D.W. v. R.W., 212 N.J. 232, 245 (2012).

Applying our deferential standard of review, we conclude that Judge

Axelrad's decision was supported by substantial credible evidence and her legal

conclusions were correct. See F.M., 211 N.J. at 448-49. We affirm substantially

for the reasons expressed in the judge's comprehensive oral decision. We

conclude that defendant's appellate arguments challenging the judge's

determination are without sufficient merit to warrant discussion in a written

opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E). We add only the following brief comments.

Defendant did not raise his equal protection argument or object to Dr.

Jeffrey's testimony at trial. Generally, we will not consider issues not raised

before the trial court "unless the questions so raised on appeal go to the

jurisdiction of the trial court or concern matters of great public interest." N.J.

Div. of Youth & Family Servs. v. B.H., 391 N.J. Super. 322, 343 (App. Div.

2007) (quoting Nieder v. Royal Indem. Ins. Co., 62 N.J. 229, 234 (1973)).

Therefore, because defendant's contentions address "[p]arental rights" which are

a "matter[] of great public interest, we have considered [his] arguments on this

issue." Ibid. However, we conclude his supporting contentions about being

treated differently than Elizabeth in the litigation or not being provided with

A-1588-17T3
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sufficient notice of hearings are belied by the facts in the record. Similarly, we

conclude that the record clearly established that Dr. Jeffrey was qualified, her

evaluation addressed relevant issues, and her conclusions were supported by

facts in the record, which permitted Judge Axelrad to accept the doctor's

unrefuted testimony. See Angel v. Rand Express Lines, Inc., 66 N.J. Super. 77,

85-86 (App. Div. 1961) ("the credibility of the expert and the weight to be

accorded his testimony rest in the domain of the trier of fact"). We discern no

error or unjust result in this case. See B.H., 391 N.J. Super. at 343 (stating

"[a]ccording to [Rule] 2:10-2, an appellate court will not reverse an error not

brought to the attention of the trial court unless the appellant shows that it was

'plain error,' that is, 'error clearly capable of producing an unjust result'").

Affirmed.

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