NANCY ANN PRINS V MICHIGAN STATE POLICE
Annotate this Case
Download PDF
STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
NANCY ANN PRINS,
FOR PUBLICATION
February 15, 2011
9:00 a.m.
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v
No. 293251
Ionia Circuit Court
LC No. 2009-026799-NZ
MICHIGAN STATE POLICE,
Defendant-Appellee,
and
DAVID FEDEWA,
Defendant.
Before: CAVANAGH, P.J., and HOEKSTRA and GLEICHER, JJ.
GLEICHER, J.
In this case arising under Michigan’s Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), MCL 15.231
et seq., we consider how to calculate the time limit for filing a circuit court action after a public
body has denied access to a public record. The precise issue presented is whether the 180-day
period of limitation begins to run when a public body writes a letter denying access to
information, or when the public body places the denial letter in the mail. We hold that mailing
triggers the running of the 180-day period of limitation, and reverse the circuit court’s grant of
summary disposition to defendants.
On May 4, 2008, Michigan State Police trooper James Yeager stopped a vehicle driven
by plaintiff Nancy Prins. Trooper Yeager issued Prins’s passenger, Jack Elliott, a citation for not
wearing a seat belt. In a letter dated July 22, 2008, Prins submitted a FOIA request to the state
police seeking, among other things, “[a]ny recording or other electronic media taken by Trooper
James Yeager (officer no 987) on May 4th, 2008 between the hours of 10:00 am to 12:00 pm of
me while traveling upon Morrison Lake Rd and Grand River Rd, within Boston Twp., Ionia
County, Michigan.” In a letter dated July 26, 2008, a Saturday, the state police denied Prins’s
request, explaining, “Any in car video that may have existed is no longer available. Only kept 30
days [and] reused.” The envelope enclosing the letter to Prins bore a postmark of July 29, 2008,
a Tuesday.
-1-
On October 29, 2008, Elliott appeared at a hearing to contest his seat belt citation, and the
prosecutor produced the videotape depicting the May 4, 2008 traffic stop. On January 26, 2009,
Prins filed in the Ionia Circuit Court a complaint seeking damages for defendants’ violation of
the FOIA.1 The state police moved for summary disposition on the ground that the applicable
period of limitation, MCL 15.240(1)(b), barred Prins’s FOIA action. The state police asserted
that the 180-day period began to run on July 26, 2008, the date the police authored the denial
letter, and that Prins untimely filed her complaint 184 days later. Prins countered that the act of
mailing the denial letter triggered the 180-day time limit, rendering her complaint timely.2 In a
bench opinion, the circuit court granted defendants summary disposition.
We review de novo the circuit court’s summary disposition ruling. Gillie v Genesee Co
Treasurer, 277 Mich App 333, 344; 745 NW2d 137 (2007). A court may grant summary
disposition under MCR 2.116(C)(7) when a period of limitation bars a claim. “Whether a period
of limitation applies to preclude a party’s pursuit of an action constitutes a question of law that
we review de novo.” Detroit v 19675 Hasse, 258 Mich App 438, 444; 671 NW2d 150 (2003).
The burden of proving that a claim is time-barred rests on the party asserting the defense.
Kuebler v Equitable Life Assurance Society of United States, 219 Mich App 1, 5; 555 NW2d 496
(1996).
We also review de novo legal issues of statutory construction. In re Petition of Attorney
General for Investigative Subpoenas, 282 Mich App 585, 590; 766 NW2d 675 (2009). “Wellestablished principles guide this Court’s statutory construction efforts.” Bloomfield Charter Twp
v Oakland Co Clerk, 253 Mich App 1, 10; 654 NW2d 610 (2002). We begin by examining the
specific statutory language under consideration, bearing in mind that
[w]hen faced with questions of statutory interpretation, our obligation is to discern
and give effect to the Legislature’s intent as expressed in the words of the statute.
We give the words of a statute their plain and ordinary meaning, looking outside
the statute to ascertain the Legislature’s intent only if the statutory language is
ambiguous. Where the language is unambiguous, we presume that the Legislature
intended the meaning clearly expressed—no further judicial construction is
required or permitted, and the statute must be enforced as written. [Id. (citations
and quotation marks omitted).]
1
The FOIA contemplates that “[i]f a person asserting the right to” access a public record
“prevails in an action commenced under this section,” the court “shall award reasonable
attorneys’ fees, costs, and disbursements.” MCL 15.240(6). If the court determines that “the
public body has arbitrarily and capriciously” violated the FOIA, “the court shall award, in
addition to any actual or compensatory damages, punitive damages in the amount of $500.00 to
the person seeking the right to inspect or receive a copy of a public record.” MCL 15.240(7).
2
Prins filed her complaint 181 days after the postmarked date of July 29, 2008. But because the
180th day fell on a Sunday, we consider Prins’s complaint to have been filed within 180 days.
MCR 1.108(1).
-2-
When ascertaining legislative intent, we read the entire act and interpret a particular word in one
statutory section only “after due consideration of every other section, so as to produce, if
possible, a harmonious and consistent enactment as a whole.” Grand Rapids v Crocker, 219
Mich 178, 182-183; 189 NW 221 (1922). This Court considers both the plain meaning of critical
words or phrases comprising the statute, and their placement and purpose in the statutory
scheme. People v Blunt, 282 Mich App 81, 84; 761 NW2d 427 (2009).
Two relevant subsections of the FOIA control our analysis. The first establishes that “[a]
written notice denying a request for a public record in whole or in part is a public body’s final
determination to deny the request or portion of that request.” MCL 15.235(4). The second states
that if a public body denies a request for information, the requesting person may “[c]ommence an
action in the circuit court to compel the public body’s disclosure of the public records within 180
days after a public body’s determination to deny a request.” MCL 15.240(1)(b). The state police
assert that the 180-day period of limitation commences on the date a public body writes a denial
letter. Prins counters that the denial of a request encompasses both writing a letter and taking
reasonable steps to communicate the denial to the requesting party.
Read in isolation, MCL 15.240(1)(b) appears to suggest that the 180-day period
commences with “a public body’s final determination to deny a request.” But to ascertain the
Legislature’s intent, we must construe the FOIA as a whole, harmonizing its provisions.
Farrington v Total Petroleum, Inc, 442 Mich 201, 209; 501 NW2d 76 (1993). The FOIA
commands that a public body respond to a request for public records either by granting it, or by
“[i]ssuing a written notice to the requesting person denying the request.” MCL 15.235(2)(b)
(emphasis added). Black’s Law Dictionary (7th ed), 836, sets forth the following pertinent
definitions of the term “issue”: “To be put forth officially . . . . To send out or distribute
officially.” Webster’s New World Dictionary, Second College Edition (1970) defines “issue,” in
relevant part, as “to let out; discharge[;] … to publish; put forth and circulate; give out publically
or officially.”
These definitions imply that a public body cannot fulfill its statutory obligation to issue a
notice merely by creating a document denying a record request. Rather, the Legislature intended
that the public body undertake an affirmative step reasonably calculated to bring the denial
notice to the attention of the requesting party. Thus, a public body has not satisfied the statute’s
notice requirement until it “sends out” or officially circulates its denial of a public record request.
This construction of the FOIA prevents a public body’s inadvertent failure to timely mail a
denial letter from unduly shortening the 180-day period of limitation. Because the FOIA
mandated that the state police transmit its July 26, 2008 letter to Prins, we hold that the denial of
her request occurred on July 29, 2008, when the state police issued the denial by placing it in the
mail. Prins had 180 days from July 29, 2008 to commence a circuit court action, and thus her
lawsuit qualified as timely filed. Consequently, we reverse the circuit court’s grant of summary
disposition to defendants, and remand for further proceedings.
We lastly note the state police’s appellate contention that the circuit court should have
granted summary disposition on an alternate ground. The state police maintain that Prins did not
timely respond to its demand for a reply to the affirmative defenses set forth in its answer, as
mandated by MCR 2.110(B)(5). According to the state police, the circuit court should have
deemed the affirmative defenses admitted. However, we reject the state police’s reading of the
-3-
relevant court rules, on the basis of the following pertinent analysis of this Court in McCracken v
Detroit, ___ Mich App ___; ___ NW2d ___ (Docket No. 294218, issued 2/8/11), slip op at 4-5:
Based on the plain language of the court rules defining pleadings and
responsive pleadings, plaintiffs were not required to respond to defendants’
affirmative defenses, even though defendants demanded a response in them.
MCR 2.110(B) exclusively defines pleadings requiring a response and affirmative
defenses are not included. Accordingly, plaintiffs’ failure to file a response to
defendants’ affirmative defenses did not amount to a concession regarding the
truth of the affirmative defenses under MCR 2.111(E)(1). Alternatively stated,
defendants’ affirmative defenses demanding a response are not pleadings
requiring a response and the trial court should have taken them as denied.
[Emphasis added.]
Reversed and remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. We do not
retain jurisdiction.
/s/ Elizabeth L. Gleicher
/s/ Mark J. Cavanagh
/s/ Joel P. Hoekstra
-4-
Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.