PENTRILLA DENISE BOOKER V MICHAEL TERRELL SHANNON
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STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
PENTRILLA DENISE BOOKER, a/k/a
PENTRILLA DENISE SHANNON,
FOR PUBLICATION
September 17, 2009
9:00 a.m.
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v
No. 284937
Berrien Circuit Court
LC No. 1991-004064-DS
MICHAEL TERRELL SHANNON,
Defendant-Appellant.
Advance Sheets Version
Before: Servitto, P.J., and Fitzgerald and Bandstra, JJ.
PER CURIAM.
Defendant appeals, by leave granted, the trial court’s order denying his motion to abate
unpaid confinement and pregnancy expenses. Because defendant was entitled to abatement of
the unpaid confinement and pregnancy expenses, pursuant to the plain language of MCL
722.712(4) and (5), we reverse and remand for the entry of an order abating defendant’s
remaining unpaid confinement and pregnancy expenses.
This matter involves hospital confinement and pregnancy expenses in connection with
the birth of four children. Plaintiff, Pentrilla Booker, and defendant, Michael Shannon, the
children’s parents, were unmarried and Booker was receiving state medical assistance, i.e.
Medicaid, when all the children were born. Medicaid thus paid Booker’s confinement and
pregnancy expenses.
It is undisputed that Shannon has worked only sporadically and has resided with Booker
and the children since shortly after the birth of their first child up to the present (with the
exception of a couple of two-month absences throughout the years). Shannon was ordered to
repay the confinement and pregnancy expenses in connection with the births of the children and
made payments over the years in the amount of $1,207.
Booker and Shannon married on May 30, 1997. Ten years after the marriage, Shannon
moved to abate the remaining confinement expenses (approximately $8,288) on the basis of the
language of MCL 722.712. The trial court denied the motion, and this appeal followed.
On appeal, defendant argues that he is entitled to abatement of the unpaid confinement
and pregnancy expenses because the applicable statute, MCL 722.712(4) and (5) (as amended by
2004 PA 253), provides for abatement of the expenses if the father marries the mother after there
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is an order to pay the expenses. Plaintiff agrees. However, the prosecuting attorney, acting for
Berrien County, argues that because the marriage must occur after the effective date of the
amendatory act, defendant is not entitled to the abatement of unpaid confinement and pregnancy
expenses. This case presents an issue of first impression in Michigan.
The case requires this Court to consider the meaning of MCL 722.712(4) and (5).
Statutory interpretation is a question of law that is reviewed de novo. Lesner v Liquid Disposal,
Inc, 466 Mich 95, 99; 643 NW2d 553 (2002). USAA Ins Co v Houston Gen Ins Co, 220 Mich
App 386, 389-390; 559 NW2d 98 (1996), provides:
The primary goal of statutory interpretation is to ascertain and give effect
to the intent of the Legislature in enacting a provision. Statutory language should
be construed reasonably, keeping in mind the purpose of the statute. The first
criterion in determining intent is the specific language of the statute. If the
statutory language is clear and unambiguous, judicial construction is neither
required nor permitted, and courts must apply the statute as written. However, if
reasonable minds can differ regarding the meaning of a statute, judicial
construction is appropriate. [Citations omitted.]
If judicial construction is warranted, this Court should construe the statute according to its
common meaning. Jordan v Jarvis, 200 Mich App 445, 451; 505 NW2d 279 (1993).
MCL 722.712 provides, in pertinent part:
(1) The parents of a child born out of wedlock are liable for the necessary
support and education of the child. They are also liable for the child’s funeral
expenses. Subject to subsections (2) and (3), based on each parent’s ability to pay
and on any other relevant factor, the court may apportion, in the same manner as
medical expenses of the child are divided under the child support formula, the
reasonable and necessary expenses of the mother’s confinement and expenses in
connection with her pregnancy between the parents and require the parent who
did not pay the expense to pay his or her share of the expense to the other parent.
At the request of a person other than a parent who has paid the expenses of the
mother’s confinement or expenses in connection with her pregnancy, the court
may order a parent against whom the request is made to pay to the person other
than a parent the parent’s share of the expenses.
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(3) If medicaid has paid the confinement and pregnancy expenses of a
mother under this section, the court shall not apportion confinement and
pregnancy expenses to the mother. After the effective date of the amendatory act
that added this subsection, based on the father’s ability to pay and any other
relevant factor, the court may apportion not more than 100% of the reasonable
and necessary confinement and pregnancy costs to the father. If medicaid has not
paid the confinement and pregnancy expenses of the mother under this section,
the court shall require an itemized bill for the expenses upon request from the
father before an apportionment is made.
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(4) The court order shall provide that if the father marries the mother after
the birth of the child and provides documentation of the marriage to the friend of
the court, the father’s obligation for payment of any remaining unpaid
confinement and pregnancy expenses is abated subject to reinstatement after
notice and hearing for good cause shown, including, but not limited to, dissolution
of the marriage. The remaining unpaid amount of the confinement and pregnancy
expenses owed by the father is abated as of the date that documentation of the
marriage is provided to the friend of the court.
(5) Each confinement and pregnancy expenses order entered by the court
on or before the effective date of the amendatory act that added this subsection
shall be considered by operation of law to provide for the abatement of the
remaining unpaid confinement and pregnancy expenses if the father marries the
mother and shall be implemented under the same circumstances and enforced in
the same manner as for the abatement of confinement and pregnancy expenses
provided by subsection (4).
MCL 722.712(3), (4), and (5), as well as a revised portion of subsection (1), became effective on
October 1, 2004.
The plain language of MCL 722.712(4) clearly provides that an order for repayment of
confinement and pregnancy expenses shall provide that if the father marries the mother after the
birth of the child and provides documentation of this fact, the unpaid confinement and pregnancy
expenses are abated. The plain language of MCL 722.712(5) clearly provides that, although
subsections 4 and 5 were not effective until October 1, 2004, orders entered before October 1,
2004, are also subject to abatement “if the father marries the mother . . . .” Further, subsection 5
is implemented under the same circumstances and enforced in the same manner as subsection 4.
MCL 722.712(5). Because the only requirements for abatement under MCL 722.712(4) are that
the father marries the mother after the birth of the child and provides documentation of this fact,
a plain reading of MCL 722.712(5) results in a finding that orders for the repayment of
confinement and pregnancy expenses entered before October 1, 2004, are also subject to
abatement if the father marries the mother after the birth of the child and provides documentation
of this fact. Simply put, MCL 722.712(5) places fathers who had an order providing for the
payment of confinement and pregnancy expenses entered before October 1, 2004, on the same
footing as fathers who had an order entered after October 1, 2004.
The prosecuting attorney argues that because the language “if the father marries the
mother” employs a future tense, the marriage of the mother must take place after the effective
date of the amendatory act. While the word “marries” admittedly implies a future action, to
apply the statute in the limited fashion suggested by the prosecutor would not only require
impermissible speculation regarding legislative intent beyond the words used, it would also
undermine the entire purpose behind the statute.
First, the statutory language at issue simply reads, “if the father marries the mother . . . .”
It does not read “if the father marries the mother after the effective date of this act.” “This Court
will not read anything into a statute that is not within the manifest intent of the Legislature as
gleaned from the language of the statute itself . . . .” Tyson Foods, Inc v Dep’t of Treasury, 276
Mich App 678, 690; 741 NW2d 579 (2007). Again, MCL 722.712(4) provides that if the father
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marries the mother after the birth of the child, the father’s obligation for payment of any
remaining unpaid confinement and pregnancy expenses is abated (subject to reinstatement under
specific circumstances). MCL 722.712(5) indicates that orders for the payment of such expenses
entered by the court before the effective date of the amendatory act shall be treated in the same
manner as those entered after the effective date of the amendatory act. Thus, one who marries
the mother of his child before the date of the amendatory act is to be treated in exactly the same
manner as one who marries the mother of his child after the date of the amendatory act.
Secondly, MCL 722.712(4) and (5) not only encourage parents of a child to marry, but
also encourage the parents to remain married. This is evident from the language in subsection 4,
which provides that the abated expenses are subject to reinstatement after dissolution of the
marriage. MCL 722.712(4). This language also applies to subsection 5. MCL 722.712(5). If
the prosecutor’s interpretation of the statute were employed, a couple in Booker and Shannon’s
position could be compelled to divorce and remarry in order to alleviate the father’s obligation to
pay the unpaid confinement and pregnancy expenses. Surely, the Legislature did not intend and
would not encourage such a consequence.
Moreover, we believe that a father should not be penalized for marrying the mother and
creating a family unit on his own accord, rather than merely marrying the mother in order to
alleviate his obligation to pay the unpaid confinement and pregnancy expenses, which may be
the case in some circumstances. On the basis of the foregoing, we conclude that the trial court
erred when it determined that defendant was not entitled to abatement of the unpaid confinement
and pregnancy expenses, pursuant to the plain language of MCL 722.712(4) and (5), because he
had already married the mother of his children before the effective date of the amendatory act.
Reversed and remanded for the entry of an order abating defendant’s unpaid confinement
and pregnancy expenses. We do not retain jurisdiction.
/s/ Deborah A. Servitto
/s/ E. Thomas Fitzgerald
/s/ Richard A. Bandstra
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