LAWRENCE REED V FREDERICK BRETON
Annotate this Case
Download PDF
STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
LAWRENCE REED, Personal Representative of
the Estate of LANCE NATHAN REED,
FOR PUBLICATION
May 27, 2008
9:10 a.m.
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v
FREDERICK BRETON, Personal Representative
of the Estate of CURTIS JASON BRETON, and
HB RESORT ENTERPRISES, INC., a/k/a
EAGLES NEST,
No. 276057
Jackson Circuit Court
LC No. 01-004350-NI
Advance Sheets Version
Defendants-Appellees.
Before: Jansen, P.J., and Zahra and Gleicher, JJ.
JANSEN, P.J.
In this wrongful-death case, plaintiff appeals by delayed leave granted the circuit court’s
denial of his motion to approve the proposed distribution of attorney fees following a settlement.
The circuit court declined to approve the proposed distribution to the extent that it provided for
total attorney fees in excess of one-third of plaintiff’s net recovery. We affirm.
Plaintiff’s son was killed in an automobile accident involving an intoxicated driver.
Plaintiff, as personal representative of his son’s estate, retained Dennis Hurst & Associates to
represent the estate in a wrongful-death lawsuit against the responsible parties. Plaintiff and
Hurst entered into a contingency fee agreement whereby plaintiff agreed to pay Hurst “one-third
(1/3) of all monies collected.” The agreement expressly provided that it did not apply to appeals.
An action was subsequently filed against the intoxicated driver and two dramshop
defendants, the Beach Bar and the Eagles Nest. The circuit court granted summary disposition in
favor of the Beach Bar and plaintiff appealed that decision. This Court reversed the circuit
court’s decision and reinstated the claim against the Beach Bar. Reed v Breton, 264 Mich App
363, 364-365; 691 NW2d 779 (2004). Upon further appeal, however, our Supreme Court
reversed this Court’s decision and affirmed the grant of summary disposition in favor of the
Beach Bar. Reed v Breton, 475 Mich 531, 543-544; 718 NW2d 770 (2006).
-1-
Because the original contingency-fee agreement did not cover appeals, plaintiff entered
into a new fee agreement with the Hurst law firm for representation before this Court.
Additionally, plaintiff entered into a separate hourly fee agreement with the law firm of
Honigman, Miller, Schwartz & Cohn for representation before the Supreme Court. After all
appeals were concluded, plaintiff reached a settlement with the remaining parties for the net
amount of $120,065.41.
Plaintiff thereafter filed a motion in the circuit court for entry of a settlement order and
approval of the proposed distribution of funds. The motion sought a distribution of total attorney
fees in the amount of $82,073.87, consisting of $40,021.80 (one-third of the net settlement) for
Hurst’s representation in the circuit court, $14,578.29 for Hurst’s representation before this
Court, and $27,473.78 for the Honigman law firm’s representation before the Supreme Court.
The circuit court, observing that the total requested attorney fees exceeded one-third of plaintiff’s
net recovery, refused to approve the proposed distribution.
A circuit court’s decision concerning the distribution of settlement proceeds in a
wrongful-death matter is reviewed for clear error. McTaggart v Lindsey, 202 Mich App 612,
615-616; 509 NW2d 881 (1993). “A finding is clearly erroneous when, although there is
evidence to support it, the reviewing court is left with a definite and firm conviction that a
mistake has been made.” Id. at 616. “[I]nterpretation of a court rule, like a matter of statutory
interpretation, is a question of law that this Court reviews de novo.” CAM Constr v Lake
Edgewood Condo Ass’n, 465 Mich 549, 553; 640 NW2d 256 (2002). The “rules governing the
construction of statutes apply with equal force to the interpretation of court rules.” Rafferty v
Markovitz, 461 Mich 265, 270; 602 NW2d 367 (1999).
Initially, we note that the Michigan Rules of Professional Conduct address the subject of
attorney fees in MRPC 1.5(a), which provides that “[a] lawyer shall not enter into an agreement
for, charge, or collect an illegal or clearly excessive fee,” and sets out factors to be considered in
determining the reasonableness of a fee. Further, MRPC 1.5(c) refers to MCR 8.121 “for
additional requirements applicable to some contingency-fee agreements.”
“Under the Michigan wrongful death act, the trial court is required to hold a hearing and
approve the distribution of the proceeds of any settlement.” In re Guardian Ad Litem Fees, 220
Mich App 619, 624; 560 NW2d 76 (1996); see also MCL 600.2922(9). MCR 8.121 addresses
allowable attorney fees in personal-injury and wrongful-death actions. The rule provides in
pertinent part:
(A) Allowable Contingent Fee Agreements. In any claim or action for
personal injury or wrongful death based upon the alleged conduct of another, in
which an attorney enters into an agreement, expressed or implied, whereby the
attorney’s compensation is dependent or contingent in whole or in part upon
successful prosecution or settlement or upon the amount of recovery, the receipt,
retention, or sharing by such attorney, pursuant to agreement or otherwise, of
compensation which is equal to or less than the fee stated in subrule (B) is
deemed to be fair and reasonable. The receipt, retention, or sharing of
compensation which is in excess of such a fee shall be deemed to be the charging
of a “clearly excessive fee” in violation of MRPC 1.5(a).
-2-
(B) Maximum Fee. The maximum allowable fee for the claims and
actions referred to in subrule (A) is one-third of the amount recovered.
(C) Computation.
(1) The amount referred to in subrule (B) shall be computed on the net
sum recovered after deducting from the amount recovered all disbursements
properly chargeable to the enforcement of the claim or prosecution of the action.
In computing the fee, the costs as taxed and any interest included in or upon the
amount of a judgment shall be deemed part of the amount recovered.
We agree with the circuit court that MCR 8.121 limits the total allowable attorney fee
payable to Hurst in this case to one-third of the net amount recovered by plaintiff. This
conclusion is supported by State Bar of Michigan Formal Ethics Opinion R-011 (July 26, 1991),
which states in relevant part:
May the lawyer charge a fee beyond the originally agreed contingent fee
for taking an appeal? MCR 8.121(B) states:
“The maximum allowable fee for the claims and actions referred to in
subrule (A) is one-third of the amount recovered.”
***
Is the appeal part of the same “claim and action” as the trial so as to be
limited to the original fee agreement? We are aware of no authority or reasoning
which would conclude that the trial of a matter is a “claim” or “action” different
and distinguishable from an appeal, removing the fee from the limitation imposed
by MCR 8.121(B). As noted in MCR 8.121(A), a fee in excess of one-third is
deemed a clearly excessive fee in violation of MRPC 1.5(a). Therefore, in
personal injury and wrongful death cases, if the fee agreement provided for a onethird fee, the trial lawyer could not charge an additional fee for pursuing the
appeal.
***
The total contingent fee for all lawyers of a party in a personal injury or
wrongful death case may not exceed one-third of the recovery; in other cases the
total fee may not be in excess of a reasonable fee.[1]
Although state bar ethics opinions are not binding on this Court, they may be considered
instructive. Watts v Polaczyk, 242 Mich App 600, 607; 619 NW2d 714 (2000); Barkley v
1
Because MCR 8.121(A) applies only to actions for personal injury or wrongful death, the ethics
opinion concludes that “[i]f the claim or action is not personal injury or wrongful death, and
therefore not limited to the one-third recovery, a lawyer is guided by MRPC 1.5(a) in setting
fees.”
-3-
Detroit, 204 Mich App 194, 202; 514 NW2d 242 (1994). We find the reasoning of Ethics
Opinion R-011 persuasive, as it is supported by the clear language of MCR 8.121. We therefore
adopt the ethics opinion’s reasoning as our own.
The circuit court properly concluded that the proposed distribution of proceeds in this
wrongful-death action violated MCR 8.121 to the extent that it allocates to Hurst attorney fees in
excess of one-third of the amount of plaintiff’s net recovery.2 The court did not clearly err by
declining to approve the proposed distribution on this ground. McTaggart, supra at 615-616.
Affirmed.
/s/ Kathleen Jansen
/s/ Brian K. Zahra
/s/ Elizabeth L. Gleicher
2
We wish to make clear that the fees payable to the Honigman law firm were not incurred
pursuant to the original contingent-fee agreement between plaintiff and Hurst, but were incurred
pursuant to a separate fee agreement, which covered proceedings before the Michigan Supreme
Court only. Consequently, these separate, non-contingent fees payable to Honigman were not
barred by the one-third rule of MCL 8.121(B). See, e.g., Morris v Detroit, 189 Mich App 271,
277-278; 472 NW2d 43 (1991).
-4-
Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
