TALLY KACZYNSKI V PEGGY ANDERSON
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STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
TALLY KACZYNSKI, Personal Representative of
the Estate of MARILYN HOLTREY, Deceased,
FOR PUBLICATION
January 25, 2007
9:20 a.m.
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v
No. 268529
Grand Traverse Circuit Court
LC No. 05-024707
PEGGY ANDERSON,
Defendant-Appellee.
Official Reported Version
Before: Servitto, P.J., and Fitzgerald and Talbot, JJ.
FITZGERALD, J.
In this medical malpractice action, plaintiff appeals as of right the circuit court order
granting defendant's motion for summary disposition pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(8). We affirm
because we are required by MCR 7.215(J)(1) to follow the holding in Apsey v Mem Hosp (On
Reconsideration), 266 Mich App 666; 702 NW2d 870 (2005), lv pending,1 that the special
certification required by MCL 600.2102(4) to authenticate the credentials of an out-of-state
notary public must accompany an affidavit of merit to initiate a valid medical malpractice action
and toll the limitations period. In accordance with MCR 7.215(J)(2), we disagree with the
decision in Apsey and follow it only because we are required to do so. We declare a conflict
with Apsey, and, if not bound by this precedent, we would hold that the signature, rank or title,
and serial number, if any, are sufficient proof of the authority of a notary public to perform
notarial acts under MCL 565.263 and that further proof of authority is not required to
authenticate the credentials of an out-of-state notary public.
1
On November 1, 2006, the Supreme Court held arguments on "whether to grant the
applications [for leave to appeal and cross-appeal] or take other peremptory relief." See 474
Mich 1135 (2006).
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A. Facts and Procedural History
Plaintiff 's decedent died of a heart condition on July 20, 2003. Plaintiff, acting as the
decedent's personal representative, commenced this medical malpractice action against
defendant, the decedent's family physician, on July 13, 2005. When filing the complaint,
plaintiff included an affidavit of merit from a Florida physician. MCL 600.2912d. A Florida
notary public notarized the affidavit of merit. A certificate from the Florida Secretary of State
attesting the notary's status and good standing accompanied the affidavit of merit. Defendant
moved for summary disposition, arguing that the affidavit of merit was invalid because it did not
contain the court certification required by MCL 600.2102(4) for the out-of-state notary. Citing
Apsey, the trial court granted summary disposition on the ground that plaintiff 's affidavit of
merit was deficient for want of proper certification of the out-of-state notary public who
notarized that instrument. The trial court did not address defendant's remaining arguments
offered in support of her motion for summary disposition.
B. Standard of Review
We review de novo a trial court's decision on a motion for summary disposition under
MCR 2.116(C)(8). Adair v Michigan, 470 Mich 105, 119; 680 NW2d 386 (2004). We also
review de novo questions of statutory interpretation and questions of law relating to the
sufficiency of an affidavit of merit. See McElhaney v Harper-Hutzel Hosp, 269 Mich App 488,
490 n 1; 711 NW2d 795 (2006).
C. Analysis
MCL 600.2912d(1) requires that a medical malpractice claim be supported by an
"affidavit of merit signed by a health professional" with expertise in the area in question.
Plaintiff provided such an affidavit, originating in Florida and bearing the signature and seal of a
Florida notary public. Accompanying the affidavit was a certificate from the Florida Secretary
of State attesting that notary's status and good standing.2 The issue presented here is whether the
out-of-state affidavit of merit need only be signed by a notary public or whether it must be
accompanied by court certification setting forth the notary's authority.
This state adopted the Uniform Recognition of Acknowledgements Act (URAA), MCL
565.261 et seq., in 1969. "Notarial acts" are defined therein as "acts that the laws of this state
authorize notaries public of this state to perform, including . . . taking proof of . . .
acknowledgements of instruments, and attesting documents." MCL 565.262(a). MCL
565.262(a)(i) provides that notarial acts performed in a foreign state may function in this state as
if performed by a Michigan notary public if performed by "[a] notary public authorized to
perform notarial acts in the place in which the act is performed." MCL 565.263(1) then provides
as follows:
2
Florida law provides that certification of a Florida notary's commission may only be obtained
"from the Secretary of State" via "a form prescribed" by that official. Fla Stat 117.103.
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If the notarial act is performed by any of the persons described in
subdivisions (a) to (d) of section 2, other than a person authorized to perform
notarial acts by the laws or regulations of a foreign country, the signature, rank or
title and serial number, if any, of the person are sufficient proof of the authority of
a holder of that rank or title to perform the act. Further proof of his authority is
not required.
MCL 565.263(4) adds that the "signature and title of the person performing the act are prima
facie evidence that he is a person with the designated title and that the signature is genuine."
MCL 600.2102 states, "[W]here by law the affidavit of any person residing in another
state . . . is required, or may be received in judicial proceedings in this state, to entitle the same
to be read, it must be authenticated . . . ." Subsection 4 of that statute specifies that an affidavit
taken in a sister state "may be taken before . . . any notary public . . . authorized by the laws of
such state to administer oaths therein," adding that "[t]he signature of such notary public . . .
shall be certified by the clerk of any court of record in the county where such affidavit shall be
taken, under the seal of said court." MCL 600.2102(4).
In Apsey, the plaintiffs' complaint was accompanied by an affidavit of merit prepared in
Pennsylvania, using a notary public of that state. A notarial seal appeared on the document, but
the plaintiffs provided no special certification to authenticate the credentials of the out-of-state
notary public. Apsey, supra at 669. The trial court found that the failure to provide the special
certification was fatal to the notarization and that the affidavit was a nullity. Id. On appeal, a
panel of this Court3 noted that the URAA expressly declared that an additional certification of
the notary's authority is not required and that
[i]f the present inquiry were to be decided on the basis of the URAA, the
notarization of the affidavit in question would indisputably be valid. Plaintiffs'
affidavit of merit bears the signature and notary seal of a Pennsylvania notary
public. That status in another state carries over to this state, and the signature and
title are prima facie evidence of authenticity. MCL 565.263(4). [Id. at 672.]
The Court noted, however, that "the signature and the notary seal do not satisfy the requirements
set forth in MCL 600.2102(4)" and that the question for the Court to decide was whether the
URAA, which specifies that no additional certification is necessary, affects MCL 600.2102,
which requires such certification. Id. at 672. The Court concluded that the two statutes could be
harmonized as follows:
The URAA provides in pertinent part, "Nothing in this act diminishes or
invalidates the recognition accorded to notarial acts by other laws of this state."
MCL 565.268. The Legislature is charged with knowledge of existing laws on
the same subject and is presumed to have considered the effect of new laws on all
3
Cavanagh, P.J., dissented.
-3-
existing laws. Walen v Dep't of Corrections, 443 Mich 240, 248; 505 NW2d 519
(1993); Kalamazoo v KTS Industries, Inc, 263 Mich App 23, 34; 687 NW2d 319
(2004). MCL 600.2102 is a law of this state that requires more specific
recognition requirements for notarial acts authenticating an affidavit of a person
residing in another state that is received in judicial proceedings; i.e., it requires
that the signature of a notary public on an affidavit taken out of state "be certified
by the clerk of any court of record in the county where such affidavit shall be
taken, under seal of said court." As such, the URAA, enacted after MCL
600.2102, does not diminish or invalidate the more specific and more formal
requirements of MCR 600.2102. [Id. at 675-676.]
This Court concluded that the more specific requirements of MCL 600.2102 control over the
general requirements of MCL 565.262. Id. at 676. "In other words, MCL 565.262 governs
notarial acts, including the execution of affidavits, in general, to which MCL 600.2102 adds a
special certification requirement[4] when the affidavit is to be read, meaning officially received
and considered, by the judiciary." Id. Thus, the panel concluded that an affidavit of merit signed
outside the state of Michigan is defective unless the authority of the notary is subject to an
additional certification.
Here, although plaintiff 's expert's affidavit was notarized by a notary public who was
certified by the Florida Secretary of State, the affidavit does not satisfy the requirement that a
sister state's notary public's signature be certified "'by the clerk of any court of record in the
county where such affidavit shall be taken, under the seal of said court.'"5 Id. at 671, 675,
quoting MCL 600.2102(4). Because the period of limitations expired before plaintiff came into
compliance by filing an affidavit with the proper court certification, Apsey required that the court
grant summary disposition in favor of defendant.
D. Conflict with Apsey
We disagree, however, with the Apsey holding. Were we not bound by Apsey, we would
hold that the affidavit of merit filed in this case, which was signed by a Florida notary whose
4
The Court had previously noted that MCL 600.2102(4) specifies that an affidavit taken in a
sister state "'shall be certified by the clerk of any court of record in the county where such
affidavit shall be taken, under the seal of said court.'" Apsey, supra at 671, 675, quoting the
statute. Thus, it is apparent that the Court's subsequent references to a "special certification
requirement" were to the requirement that the signature of an out-of-state notary public on an
affidavit to be read by the court be certified by a court.
5
Plaintiff argues that Florida does not authorize its courts to provide such certification, but
instead entrusts that responsibility to its Secretary of State. Apsey seems to have disparaged this
type of argument, stating, "To the extent plaintiff and amici curiae raise further arguments
regarding the certification process being outdated, potentially impossible in some states, etc.,
these questions are best left for the Legislature." Apsey, supra at 683.
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authority was additionally certified by the Florida Secretary of State,6 was sufficient and
effective on its face.
Both MCL 600.2102 and the URAA, particularly MCL 565.263, relate to authentication
and have the same general purpose of verifying the authenticity of notarial acts. MCL
600.2102(4), effective in 1963, states that "[t]he signature of such notary public . . . and the fact
that at the time of the taking of such affidavit the person before whom the same was taken was
such notary public . . . shall be certified by the clerk of any court of record in the county where
such affidavit shall be taken . . . ." The pertinent text of the statute has remained virtually
unchanged since at least 1915. See In re Alston's Estate, 229 Mich 478, 481; 201 NW 460
(1924), citing 1915 CL 12502. But under the URAA, effective in 1970, a notarial act performed
by a notary public authorized under the laws by which he or she acts is authenticated by "the
signature, rank or title and serial number, if any," of the notary public, and "[f]urther proof of . . .
authority is not required." MCL 565.263(1).
MCL 600.2102 and the URAA are harmonious and should be read in pari materia. The
subsequently enacted URAA explicitly states in MCL 565.28, "This act provides an additional
method of proving notarial acts." (Emphasis added.) Before the enactment of the URAA, MCL
600.2102(4) was the only statutory provision addressing out-of-state affidavits attested by
notaries public. But when it enacted the URAA, the Legislature explicitly stated that it was
providing an additional method of proving notarial acts. There is no conflict between the URAA
and MCL 600.2102(4) because an affidavit is valid if it satisfies either statute.
But for Apsey, we would conclude that the URAA provides an alternative method for
validating notarial acts and that both the URAA and MCL 600.2102 are valid methods for
validating out-of-state notarial acts. Plaintiff 's affidavit of merit contained the signature and
notary seal of a Florida notary public. That status in Florida carries over to this state, and the
signature and title are sufficient proof under the URAA of the notary public's authority to
perform the notarial act. Thus, this panel would reverse the order granting summary disposition
in favor of defendant if we were not compelled by Apsey to affirm. MCR 7.215(J)(1).
Affirmed.
/s/ E. Thomas Fitzgerald
/s/ Deborah A. Servitto
/s/ Michael J. Talbot
6
As discussed earlier, under the URAA the additional certification is not required. However, the
additional certification in this case certainly furthers the goal of verifying the authenticity of the
notarial act.
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