BURTON (WENDY W.) VS. KENTUCKY FARM BUREAU MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY
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RENDERED: NOVEMBER 5, 2010; 10:00 A.M.
TO BE PUBLISHED
Commonwealth of Kentucky
Court of Appeals
NO. 2009-CA-001056-MR
WENDY W. BURTON
v.
APPELLANT
APPEAL FROM HARLAN CIRCUIT COURT
HONORABLE RUSSELL D. ALRED, JUDGE
ACTION NO. 08-CI-00691
KENTUCKY FARM BUREAU MUTUAL
INSURANCE COMPANY
APPELLEE
OPINION
AFFIRIMING
** ** ** ** **
BEFORE: TAYLOR, CHIEF JUDGE; MOORE AND THOMPSON, JUDGES.
THOMPSON, JUDGE: Wendy W. Burton appeals from a summary judgment
entered in the Harlan Circuit Court declaring that she was not entitled to
underinsured motorists benefits under a policy of insurance issued by Kentucky
Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Company. The issue presented is whether a clause
excluding UIM coverage of a vehicle owned by the insured or a family member is
enforceable. We affirm.
Ms. Burton was injured when she was a passenger in a vehicle
operated by her husband when it was involved in an accident. The 2001
Mountaineer that was registered to the Burtons was insured by Kentucky Farm
Bureau. After her husband was determined to be at fault in causing the accident, a
settlement for Ms. Burton’s bodily injury claims was reached for the policy limits
of $25,000 under the Mountaineer policy. Ms. Burton then asserted a claim for
underinsured motorist coverage under a separate Kentucky Farm Bureau policy on
a 1976 Ford Bronco registered to her husband and available for her use.
After the claim was denied by Kentucky Farm Bureau, Ms. Burton
filed an action in the Harlan Circuit Court. Following discovery, Kentucky Farm
Bureau moved for summary judgment on the basis that under the terms of the
policies issued, Ms. Burton could not recover UIM benefits. The circuit court
agreed and granted Kentucky Farm Bureau summary judgment.
Our review of a summary judgment is de novo. Blevins v. Moran, 12
S.W.3d 698, 699 (Ky.App. 2000). Although summary judgment must be granted
with caution, it is warranted when there is no material issue of fact in dispute and
the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Steelvest Inc. v.
Scansteel Service Center, Inc., 807 S.W.2d 476, 482-483 (Ky. 1991).
Ms. Burton misstates that the issue in this case is whether or not she
can “stack” the coverage under the two separate policies and cites Kentucky cases
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discussing the “stacking” of insurance policies. See e.g. James v. James, 25
S.W.3d 110 (Ky. 2000); Allstate Ins. Co. v. Dicke, 862 S.W.2d 327 (Ky. 1993).
However, the issue presented does not concern “stacking” of the two insurance
policies: It is whether Ms. Burton can recover UIM benefits under the terms of the
policies.
The policies state that underinsured motor vehicle “does not include
any vehicle or equipment . . . owned by or furnished or available for the regular use
of you or any family member.” There is no dispute that the vehicle in which Ms.
Burton was a passenger is owned by her and her husband and that the 1976 Bronco
is a vehicle also registered to her husband and is available for Ms. Burton’s use.
Thus, the terms of the policies exclude underinsured motorists coverage under the
facts. We have repeatedly upheld virtually identical provisions under similar facts
and do so again in this case.
Although numerous Kentucky cases could be cited in support of our
conclusion, we need rely on only one: Murphy v. Kentucky Farm Bureau Mutual
Insurance Company, 116 S.W.3d 500 (Ky. 2003). Construing the precise policy
language as in the present policies, this Court held that underinsured motorists
coverage was unavailable based on statutory law and the policy itself.
In Murphy, Austin Goodpaster was fatally injured in a single-car
accident while riding as a passenger in a vehicle operated by his brother and owned
and insured by his mother. Austin was a minor who resided in the household with
his mother and step-father who owned vehicles insured through separate policies
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with Kentucky Farm Bureau, which both contained UIM coverage. The estate
filed an action to collect UIM benefits.
This Court affirmed the trial court’s grant of summary judgment in
favor of Kentucky Farm Bureau on the basis that the regular-use exclusion in the
policies barred the estate from collecting UIM benefits. In doing so, it was
emphasized that the “justification for the regular-use exclusion is not the
possibility of collusion but, rather, the fact that the insured or another family
member has control over how much liability is purchased.” Id. at 503. We echo
the conclusions reached by this Court and our Supreme Court when reviewing
exclusions from UIM coverage as now presented.
There is nothing ambiguous about this exclusion. A
vehicle owned by or furnished or available for the regular
use of the named insured or a family member is not an
“underinsured vehicle.” The obvious reason for the
exclusion is that the named insured can avoid the fact of
underinsurance by simply purchasing additional liability
insurance coverage for his vehicle.
Id. at 502 (citing Motorists Mutual Insurance Co. v. Glass, 996 S.W.2d 437, 44950 (Ky. 1997).
Regular-use exclusions from UIM coverage have been repeatedly
upheld as not being against public policy and, because the Kentucky Farm Bureau
exclusion is unambiguous, the doctrine of reasonable expectations does not apply.
[T]he reasonable expectation doctrine . . . resolves an
insurance-policy ambiguity in favor of the insured's
reasonable expectation[.] . . . The reasonable expectation
doctrine “is based on the premise that policy language
will be construed as laymen would understand it” and
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applies only to policies with ambiguous terms-e.g., when
a policy is susceptible to two (2) or more reasonable
interpretations. Under the reasonable expectations
doctrine, when such an ambiguity exists, the ambiguous
terms should be interpreted “in favor of the insured's
reasonable expectations.” . . . Only actual ambiguities,
not fanciful ones, will trigger application of the doctrine.
True v. Raines, 99 S.W.3d 439, 443 (Ky. 2003) (citations and footnotes omitted).
Ms. Burton points out the factual distinctions between Murphy and
the present case. Specifically, she emphasizes that in Murphy, the estate sought to
recover UIM benefits under the underinsured policies of two household members
who were not involved in the accident while she had a “reasonable expectation of
coverage under her two (2) policies, for the two (2) vehicles which paid two (2)
separate premiums.” Ms. Burton’s attempt to escape the unambiguous exclusion in
the policies issued by Kentucky Farm Bureau and the law as stated in Murphy is
unpersuasive. Regardless of the factual distinctions, it remains that the vehicle in
which Ms. Burton was a passenger was not an underinsured vehicle.
Accordingly, the summary judgment is affirmed.
ALL CONCUR.
BRIEFS FOR APPELLANT:
BRIEF FOR APPELLEE:
Otis Doan, Jr.
Harlan, Kentucky
Robert M. Melvin
Harlan, Kentucky
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