WRIGHT (LORETTA) VS. COMPENSATION WALGREENS , ET AL.
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RENDERED: AUGUST 15, 2008; 2:00 P.M.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED
Commonwealth of Kentucky
Court of Appeals
NO. 2008-CA-000594-WC
LORETTA WRIGHT
v.
APPELLANT
PETITION FOR REVIEW OF A DECISION
OF THE WORKERS’ COMPENSATION BOARD
ACTION NO. WC-05-96276
WALGREENS;
HONORABLE J. LANDON OVERFIELD,
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE; AND
WORKERS’ COMPENSATION BOARD
APPELLEES
OPINION
AFFIRMING
** ** ** ** **
BEFORE: DIXON, LAMBERT, AND STUMBO, JUDGES.
STUMBO, JUDGE: Loretta Wright appeals from an opinion of the Workers’
Compensation Board affirming the decision of the Administrative Law Judge. The
ALJ awarded permanent partial occupational disability benefits for a work-related
knee injury sustained in the employ of Walgreens. Wright contends that the Board
erred in failing to determine that she also sustained work-related head and neck
injuries resulting in her total disability. For the reasons stated below, we affirm the
opinion in appeal.
On January 23, 2005, Wright sustained a work injury in the course of
employment with Walgreens. Wright, who was a cashier and stock clerk, was
helping a customer locate an item in the store at about 5:00 a.m. when she slipped
and fell on a wet tile floor. She attempted to stop her fall with her left arm but
landed on the tile floor striking the left side of her body. Wright would later testify
that she immediately had rib pain and a bad headache.
Wright sought medical attention the following day at an immediate
care center. Her left knee was x-rayed, resulting in a referral to an orthopedic
specialist who recommended surgery. After an initial attempt at surgery was
unsuccessful due to an inability to intubate, Wright’s left knee was surgically
repaired and she began a regimen of physical therapy. She did not return to work,
and would later state that her knee continued to hurt and that she could not fully
bend it, resulting in an inability to return to normal usage.
Wright gave timely notice of her knee injury to Walgreens and filed
an Application for Resolution of Injury Claim (Form 101). Walgreens
subsequently paid temporary total disability benefits to Wright at the rate of
$477.33 per week from January 31, 2005, through January 10, 2006, for a total of
$23,021.19. Walgreens also paid Wright’s medical bills in the amount of
$28,033.46. Walgreens denied compensability of Wright’s claim of injuries to her
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head, neck and back resulting from the fall. Walgreens also contested the extent
and duration of Wright’s occupational disability.
The matter proceeded before the ALJ on the issues of the extent and
nature of Wright’s injuries, and proof was taken. Wright introduced medical
records from the immediate care center dated January 23, 2005, which diagnosed a
left knee contusion. She also produced medical records from the University of
Louisville hospital showing a neck CT performed on December 27, 2005. That
scan showed no evidence of acute abnormality, and she was later diagnosed with
chronic neck pain. A cervical MRI scan and lumbar MRI scan showed mild
degenerative disc disease, and Wright was later diagnosed with degenerative disc
disease and myofascial pain syndrome.
A functional capacity evaluation was performed at Healthsouth, and
an FCE report dated November 11, 2005, indicated that Wright was limited to
lifting 10 pounds. On June 29, 2006, Wright was evaluated at the Pain
Management Center of University of Louisville Hospital. She complained of neck
pain and left arm pain, and was prescribed medication and an epidural steroid
injection.
Wright was evaluated on March 5, 2007, by Dr. Warren Bilkey. He
diagnosed a left knee contusion with partial ACL tear which had been treated with
arthroscopic debridement surgery. He also diagnosed chronic pain involving
Wright’s back, neck, and left shoulder, and noted Wright’s complaints of
headaches. He opined that Wright’s left knee injury resulted from the January 23,
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2005, slip and fall, but that the left side chronic pain was not related to the fall.
Based on the AMA Guidelines, he assigned a 10% functional impairment rating
arising from the left knee injury. He also assigned a 3% impairment for the left
side chronic pain which was not associated with the work injury. He later
amended the assessment to include a 5% functional impairment for the cervical
strain arising from the work injury, for a total body impairment (arising from the
work injury) of 15%.
Walgreens introduced the medical records of Drs. Roberts and
Reutlinger. Dr. Reutlinger noted that Wright’s left knee x-rays were normal except
for mild osteoarthritis. He further indicated that a February 10, 2005, MRI scan of
the left knee showed what appeared to be a small tear of the medial meniscus as
well as an old healed ACL sprain. Dr. Roberts was deposed, and indicated that he
believed Wright had a 4% functional impairment rating for the left knee injury
based on AMA Guidelines, and that she could return to work if she were allowed
to perform her cashier job sitting down. He also stated that “I don’t see any record
of neck or back pain here.”
Dr. Bart Goldman evaluated Wright on April 26, 2007. He noted the
early onset of knee pain subsequent to the slip and fall, and that Wright’s medical
record showed no complaints of neck pain until an emergency room visit on
December 27, 2005. He also recognized that the first time Wright mentioned neck
or back pain to Dr. Roberts was March 25, 2006. He concluded that Wright’s pain
was so global and followed neither anatomic or psychiatric patterns that it was
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likely unexplainable scientifically. He stated that Wright was at maximum medical
improvement, and that he had no reasonable basis for assessing an impairment
rating because Wright’s symptoms were so far out of proportion to the described
injury.
The matter proceeded before the ALJ, who noted that while Wright
appeared credible at the hearing, the medical evidence called her credibility into
question. Most damaging to Wright was his observation that while it was plausible
that one health care provider might mistakenly fail to record that Wright
complained of head, neck and back pain, it was not plausible that every one of the
several health care providers employed between January 23, 2005, and December,
2005, would make such omissions.
The ALJ concluded that Wright sustained a 4% functional impairment
to the body as a whole due to the knee injury. This assessment was based in part
on Dr. Roberts’ evaluation. He also concluded that the three multiplier should be
employed based on his determination that Wright did not retain the physical
capacity to return to the type of work performed at the time of injury. As to the
complaint of head, neck and back injury, the ALJ found that Wright failed to
sustain her burden of proof based on her failure to give a history of an injury to her
head, neck or back to any medical provider prior to December, 2005. After
petitions for reconsideration were filed by each party, the ALJ ultimately awarded
permanent partial disability benefits beginning November 23, 2005, in the amount
of $35.53 per week. The amount was based on $455 times 2.6% times the 3
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multiplier. Wright appealed to the Workers’ Compensation Board, which affirmed
the ALJ’s decision. This appeal followed.
Wright now argues that the Board erred in determining that the ALJ
properly found that Wright failed to demonstrate the work-relatedness of her head,
neck and back pain. She claims that the evidence compels a finding that those
injuries were work related. Specifically, Wright notes that she complained of head
and neck pain only eleven months after the slip and fall - a time frame which she
maintains demonstrates a causal connection between the fall and the head and neck
pain. She also claims that Dr. Bilkey found a “smoking gun” which demonstrates
the connection between the fall and Wright’s head, neck and back pain. This
smoking gun was Dr. Bilkey’s determination that Wright had previously suffered a
left clavicle dislocation. Wright contends that this dislocation must have occurred
at the time of her slip and fall, and that it explains her head, neck and back pain.
Wright also argues that the evidence compels a finding of total
disability. As a basis for this argument, Wright notes that Dr. Bilkey limited her to
lifting 10 pounds and confined her to sedentary work. Given her age of 50, 8th
grade education with GED, and vocational background, Wright contends that she is
incapable of performing any work and is entitled to a finding of total disability.
We have closely examined the written arguments, the record and the
law, and find no error in the Board’s determination that the ALJ correctly found
that Wright sustained a 4% functional impairment to the body as a whole due to the
knee injury, nor that she failed to demonstrate a nexus between her fall and the
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head, neck and shoulder pain. Wright directs our attention to the report of Dr.
Bilkey, who she maintains found evidence - in the form of a March, 2005, x-ray
showing that Wright had suffered a dislocated clavicle - which demonstrates a
nexus between her fall and subsequent complaints of head, neck and back pain.
Neither the ALJ nor the Board addressed this finding, and Wright does not cite to it
in the record. It appears at page 227 of the record, where Dr. Bilkey addressed
Wright’s medical history and stated that,
Subsequent evaluations noted that chest x-ray dated
March 2005, a post-op film after the first failed surgical
attempt, demonstrated left clavicle dislocation with
atelectasis of the left lung base. These were thought to
be part of the reason for complaints of shortness of breath
and chest pain that she was continuing to have after the
first failed surgery.
It is noteworthy that Dr. Bilkey did not conclude that the dislocation resulted from
the January 23, 2005, fall, nor that it caused the head, neck and back pain of which
Wright would later complain. He went on to state that, “She underwent subsequent
x-ray 9/1/06 which demonstrated no evidence of fracture or dislocation of the
clavicle. CT scan of the chest 9/15/06 demonstrated no evidence for clavicle
dislocation or subluxation or fracture.” Since Dr. Bilkey did not find a nexus
between the fall and the clavicle dislocation, and because he noted that the
dislocation later resolved, we cannot conclude that the Board erred in failing to
make note of this event as a “smoking gun”. That is to say, while the dislocation is
medically noteworthy, nothing in the record connects it to Wright’s fall nor her
subsequent pain.
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Of more relevance is Dr. Bilkey’s recognition that the medical record
“documents the onset of symptoms of the neck and upper back as having occurred
approximately 1/1/06.” This clearly supports the ALJ’s finding that the record was
void of any complaints of neck and back pain until eleven months after Wright’s
fall, and further supports the ALJ’s determination that Wright failed to demonstrate
by reference to the medical record a nexus between the fall and the neck and back
pain.
As the parties properly note, Wright has the burden on appeal of
establishing that the evidence was so overwhelming as to compel a finding in her
favor. Wolf Creek Collieries v. Crum, 673 S.W.2d 735 (Ky. App. 1984).
Compelling evidence is defined as evidence that is so overwhelming as to compel a
certain result. REO Mechanical v. Barnes, 691 S.W.2d 224 (Ky. App. 1985). Our
review of the medical record supports the Board’s determination that Wright has
not demonstrated evidence so overwhelming as to compel a finding in her favor on
this issue.
Wright’s related argument is that the Board erred in failing to
determine that she was entitled to a finding of total disability. Wright refers to
KRS 342.0011(11), which defines permanent total disability as a condition of an
employee, due to injury, has a permanent disability rating and has a complete and
permanent inability to perform any type of work as a result of the injury. She
briefly argues that based on Dr. Roberts’ assessment that she should be limited to
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sedentary work, combined with her age of 50 years and GED education, it is clear
that she is unable to perform any work of any type.
We do not find this argument persuasive. While Dr. Roberts’
assessment that she should be limited to sedentary work is certainly a limitation on
the kind of employment in which she may engage, it is by no means a bar to any
employment. The consideration of a total disability award depends on the many
factors set out in Osborne v. Johnson, 432 S.W.2d 800 (Ky. 1968), which include
the worker’s post-injury physical, emotional, intellectual and vocational status and
how these factors interact. Ultimately, it falls within the broad authority of the
ALJ to translate an impairment rating into partial or total disability. Ira A. Watson
Department Store v. Hamilton, 34 S.W.3d 48 (Ky. 2000). Given the totality of the
record, including the numerous medical evaluations, Wright’s age, education and
work experience, and our recognition that her claim of head, neck and back pain
did not present itself in the medical record until eleven months after the accident,
we cannot conclude that the Board erred in determining that the ALJ acted
squarely within his broad authority to translate the impairment ratings into a
finding of partial disability. Accordingly, we find no error on this issue.
For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the opinion of the Workers’
Compensation Board.
ALL CONCUR.
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BRIEF FOR APPELLANT:
Edward A. Mayer
Louisville, Kentucky
BRIEF FOR APPELLEE,
WALGREENS:
Dennis R. McGlincy
Louisville, Kentucky
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