WATKINS (BRANDON LEON) VS. COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY
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RENDERED: JULY 11, 2008; 10:00 A.M.
TO BE PUBLISHED
Commonwealth of Kentucky
Court of Appeals
NO. 2007-CA-000869-MR
BRANDON LEON WATKINS
v.
APPELLANT
APPEAL FROM TODD CIRCUIT COURT
HONORABLE TYLER L. GILL, JUDGE
ACTION NO. 06-CR-00103
COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY
APPELLEE
OPINION
AFFIRMING
** ** ** ** **
BEFORE: ACREE, VANMETER AND WINE, JUDGES.
ACREE, JUDGE: Brandon Leon Watkins appeals from a judgment of the Todd
Circuit Court sentencing him to six years in prison. Watkins entered a conditional
plea of guilty to the charges of speeding in excess of 26 miles per hour over the
speed limit, failure to comply with instructional permit, fleeing or evading the
police in the second degree, possession of marijuana under eight ounces,
possession of a controlled substance in the first and second degree, cocaine. On
appeal, Watkins challenges the legality of the search of the automobile he had been
driving prior to his arrest. We affirm.
On November 18, 2006, Officer Brian Atkinson observed Watkins
speeding. He illuminated his overheard lights and pursued Watkins for some
distance before Watkins came to a sudden stop in a median between lanes of
traffic. Immediately after the car stopped, Watkins jumped out and ran on foot to a
nearby wooded area. After a search, Watkins eventually turned himself over to
police.
Upon hearing Watkins was in custody, Atkinson and Officer Rodney
Moberly returned to the abandoned automobile. Unsure whether the suspect in
custody was the vehicle’s driver and/or owner, the officers checked the license tag
which revealed the car was registered to a woman. Efforts to contact her were
unsuccessful.
The officers contacted a wrecker service to tow the car away. Their
search of the passenger and glove compartments for clues about the owner or
operator of the car proved fruitless. In order to inventory all items within the car
before the wrecker service towed it away, the officers opened the trunk of the car.
There they found a red cooler containing three bags of marijuana and one bag
containing six smaller bags of cocaine.
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Watkins objected to the search of his vehicle stating that no
recognized exception to the warrant requirement applied to the scenario. The trial
court held a suppression hearing on February 27, 2007. The trial court denied the
motion and found Watkins had abandoned the vehicle and thus lacked standing to
challenge the search. Regardless of Watkins’ abandonment, the trial court also
concluded that the search was properly conducted pursuant to the inventory
exception to the warrant requirement.
Watkins entered a conditional guilty plea, reserving his right to appeal
the trial court’s denial of his motion to suppress.
On appeal, Watkins contends that Moberly’s and Atkinson's search of
his car was unlawful as it did not fall under an exception to the warrant
requirement. The Commonwealth argues that Watkins lacked standing to
challenge the search of the automobile since he abandoned it in the median after
Atkinson attempted to pull him over. The Commonwealth argues that even if we
agreed that Watkins retained a reasonable expectation of privacy in the vehicle
following his flight, as well as having standing to challenge the search, the
evidence is not subject to suppression since the search was performed pursuant to
the inventory exception of the warrant requirement.
The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Section
10 of the Kentucky Constitution prohibit unreasonable searches and seizures. In
order to constitute a "search," a person must have a "reasonable expectation of
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privacy" in the place to be searched. Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 88 S.Ct.
507, 19 L.Ed.2d 576 (1967).
Watkins directs us to Joseph v. Commonwealth, 324 S.W.2d 126 (Ky.
1959), where our Supreme Court held that a defendant who, while attempting to
elude police, overturned his vehicle and fled, did not voluntarily relinquish
possession or control of the car and thus had standing to object to an unlawful
search and seizure.
However, “abandonment is an ultimate fact or conclusion based
generally upon a combination of act and intent.” Friedman v. United States, 347
F.2d 697, 704 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 382 U.S. 946, 86 S.Ct. 407, 15 L.Ed.2d 354
(1960). In our recent unpublished opinion, Blackford v. Commonwealth, 2006 WL
202339 (Ky.App. 2006)(2005-CA-000603-MR), we noted:
Kentucky has long held that an individual has no
standing to challenge the validity of a warrantless search
of property that has been abandoned. Hunt v.
Commonwealth, 488 S.W.2d 692 (Ky. 1972). In Hunt,
our highest court affirmed the trial court's finding that the
defendants had effectively abandoned their parked car by
fleeing into nearby woods after they were approached by
a uniformed state patrolman. Id. Since the defendants
had abandoned the vehicle, the Court held that they
lacked any reasonable expectation to any continuation of
their right to protest a search of the car by police officers.
Id. Consequently, they had no standing to challenge the
legality of the subsequent search. Id.
In Blackford, the defendant fled his vehicle after he had been pulled
over and patted down for weapons. In finding Blackford lacked standing to
challenge the search of his vehicle, we reasoned:
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The evidence presented at the suppression hearing
indicated that Blackford fled the scene on foot, leaving
the car unsecured as he attempted to evade apprehension.
No evidence indicated that Blackford intended to assert
or to retain his limited privacy interest in the vehicle. On
the contrary, all evidence indicated that he sought both to
avoid arrest and to abandon any incriminating evidence
that might be found in the vehicle. Under these
circumstances, as a matter of law Blackford also
abandoned any reasonable expectation that the vehicle or
its contents should be free from governmental intrusion.
Blackford, 2006 WL 202339.
In our opinion, the trial court did not err in finding that Watkins’
vehicle had been abandoned. While being pursued by a police officer, Watkins
sought to evade police before coming to a sudden stop in a median between lanes
of traffic. He immediately got out of the car and fled to a wooded area. As in
Blackford, this evidence does not suggest Watkins intended to retain any privacy
interest in the car. As such, Watkins could not establish that he retained a
reasonable expectation of privacy in the automobile once he fled the scene.
Having concluded Watkins lacked standing to contest the search, it is
unnecessary for us to address his remaining allegations of error.
For the foregoing reasons, the findings of the Todd Circuit Court are
affirmed.
ALL CONCUR.
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BRIEF FOR APPELLANT:
BRIEF FOR APPELLEE:
Linda Roberts Horsman
Assistant Public Advocate
Frankfort, Kentucky
Gregory D. Stumbo
Attorney General of Kentucky
Heather M. Fryman
Assistant Attorney General
Frankfort, Kentucky
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