Ohio Valley Environmental Coalition et al v. Eagle Natrium, LLC, No. 5:2019cv00236 - Document 52 (N.D.W. Va. 2020)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER GRANTING IN PART AND DENYING IN PART DEFENDANT'S 13 MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT. Denying 38 Motion and 36 Motion. Signed by District Judge John Preston Bailey on 3/24/20. (lmm)
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Servs. (TOC), Inc.."74:"W0U0"389."397"*4222+0""Vjku Òuvcvwvqt{"dct"ku"cp"gzegrvkqp"vq"vjg"lwtkufkevkqp"itcpvgf"kp"uwdugevkqp"*c+"qh"¸"3587."cpf lwtkufkevkqp"ku"pqtocnn{"fgvgtokpgf"cu"qh"vjg"vkog"qh"vjg"hknkpi"qh"c"eqornckpv0Ó Chesapeake Bay Found. v. American Recovery Co.."98;"H04f"429."42:"*6vj"Ekt0"3;:7+0Ñ""The Piney Run Pres. Ass’n v. The Cnty. Comm’rs of Carroll Cty.."745"H05f"675."678"*6vj"Ekt0 422:+0 Ugevkqp"727*c+"cwvjqtk|gu."Ðhgfgtcn"eqwtvu"000"vq"gpvgt"kplwpevkqpu"cpf"cuuguu"ekxkn rgpcnvkgu." rc{cdng" vq" vjg" Wpkvgf" Uvcvgu" Vtgcuwt{." cickpuv" cp{" rgtuqp" hqwpf" vq" dg" kp xkqncvkqp"qh"Òcp"ghhnwgpv"uvcpfctf"qt"nkokvcvkqpÓ"wpfgt"vjg"Cev0Ñ"Powellton."supra."cv",4."ekvkpi Envtl. Conservation Org. v. City of Dallas."74;"H05f"73;."748"*7vj"Ekt0"422:+0 Vjg" rnckpvkhhu" jcxg" vjg" dwtfgp" qh" rtqxkpi" vjcv" uwdlgev" ocvvgt" lwtkufkevkqp" gzkuvu0" Evans v. B.F. Perkins Co.."388"H05f"864."869"*6vj"Ekt0"3;;;+0""Hqt"rwtrqugu"qh"vjku"ecug. vjku"ogcpu"vjcv"vjg"rnckpvkhhu"dgct"vjg"dwtfgp"qh"rtqxkpi"vjcv"vjg"YXFGR"jcu"pqv"fknkigpvn{ rtqugewvgf"vjg"xkqncvkqpu"qh"vjg"nkokvcvkqpu"ugv"hqtvj"kp"vjg"rgtokv0""C"EYC"gphqtegogpv rtqugewvkqp" yknn" qtfkpctkn{" dg" eqpukfgtgf" ÐfknkigpvÑ" kh" vjg" lwfkekcn" cevkqp" Ðku" ecrcdng" qh 33 tgswktkpi"eqornkcpeg"ykvj"vjg"Cev"cpf"ku"kp"iqqf"hckvj"ecnewncvgf"vq"fq"uq.Ñ"cpf"fknkigpeg ku" rtguwogf0" " Piney Run." 745" H05f" cv" 67;." ekvkpi" Friends of Milwaukee's Rivers v. Milwaukee Metro. Sewerage Dist.."5:4"H05f"965."982"*9vj"Ekt0"4226+."cert. denied."766 W0U0" ;35" *4227+=" see also Karr v. Hefner." 697" H05f" 33;4." 33;:" *32vj" Ekt0" 4229+ *ÐEkvk|gp/rnckpvkhhu"owuv"oggv"c"jkij"uvcpfctf"vq"fgoqpuvtcvg"vjcv"]c"iqxgtpogpv"cigpe{_ jcu"hckngf"vq"rtqugewvg"c"xkqncvkqp"fknkigpvn{0Ñ+0""Vjku"rtguworvkqp"Ðku"fwg"pqv"qpn{"vq"vjg kpvgpfgf"tqng"qh"vjg"]iqxgtpogpv_"cu"vjg"rtkoct{"gphqtegt"qh"vjg"]EYC_."dwv"cnuq"vq"vjg"hcev vjcv" eqwtvu" ctg" pqv" kp" vjg" dwukpguu" qh" fgukipkpi." eqpuvtwevkpi" qt" ockpvckpkpi" ugycig vtgcvogpv"u{uvgou0Ñ""Friends of Milwaukee's Rivers."5:4"H05f"cv"982"*ekvcvkqp"qokvvgf+0 See Piney Run."supra0 ÐÒUgevkqp"3587*d+*3+*D+"fqgu"pqv"tgswktg"iqxgtpogpv"rtqugewvkqp"vq"dg"hct/tgcejkpi qt"|gcnqwu0"Kv"tgswktgu"qpn{"fknkigpeg0Ó""Karr."697"H05f"cv"33;90""Vjwu."c"ekvk|gp/rnckpvkhh ecppqv" qxgteqog" vjg" rtguworvkqp" qh" fknkigpeg" ogtgn{" d{" ujqykpi" vjcv" vjg" cigpe{)u rtqugewvkqp" uvtcvgi{" ku" nguu" ciitguukxg" vjcp" jg" yqwnf" nkmg" qt" vjcv" kv" fkf" pqv" rtqfweg" c eqorngvgn{"ucvkuhcevqt{"tguwnv0""Id0""Oqtgqxgt."vjg"hcev"vjcv"cp"cigpe{"jcu"gpvgtgf"kpvq"c eqpugpv"fgetgg"ykvj"c"xkqncvqt"vjcv"guvcdnkujgu"c"rtqurgevkxg"uejgfwng"qh"eqornkcpeg"fqgu pqv"pgeguuctkn{"guvcdnkuj"ncem"qh"fknkigpeg0""See Weinberger v. Romero–Barcelo."678"W0U0 527."53:"*3;:4+"*pqvkpi"vjcv"Ògphqtegogpv"cevkqpu"v{rkecnn{"tguwnv."d{"eqpugpv"qt"qvjgtykug. kp"c"tgogfkcn"qtfgt"ugvvkpi"qwv"c"fgvckngf"uejgfwng"qh"eqornkcpeg"fgukipgf"vq"ewtg"vjg kfgpvkhkgf"xkqncvkqp"qh"vjg"CevÓ"*kpvgtpcn"swqvcvkqp"octmu"qokvvgf++0""Kpfggf."yjgp"rtgugpvgf ykvj"c"eqpugpv"fgetgg"yg"owuv"dg"rctvkewnctn{"fghgtgpvkcn"vq"vjg"cigpe{)u"gzrgtvkug."cpf"yg Òujqwnf"pqv"kpvgtrtgv"¸"3587"kp"c"ocppgt"vjcv"yqwnf"wpfgtokpg"vjg"]iqxgtpogpv)u_"cdknkv{ 34 vq"tgcej"xqnwpvct{"ugvvngogpvu"ykvj"fghgpfcpvu0Ó""Karr."697"H05f"cv"33;:0""Cu"vjg"Uwrtgog Eqwtv"jcu"tgeqipk|gf<"ÒKh"ekvk|gpu"eqwnf"hkng"uwkv"000"kp"qtfgt"vq"uggm"vjg"ekxkn"rgpcnvkgu"vjcv"vjg Cfokpkuvtcvqt"ejqug"vq"hqtiq."vjgp"vjg"Cfokpkuvtcvqt)u"fkuetgvkqp"vq"gphqteg"vjg"Cev"kp"vjg rwdnke"kpvgtguv"yqwnf"dg"ewtvckngf"eqpukfgtcdn{0Ó""Gwaltney."6:6"W0U0"cv"830Ñ""Piney Run. 745"H05f"cv"74;/520 Cu"pqvgf."Ðfknkigpeg"qp"vjg"rctv"qh"vjg"Uvcvg"ku"rtguwogf0 See, e.g., Connecticut Fund for the Env't v. Contract Plating Co.."853"H0Uwrr0"34;3."34;5"*F0"Eqpp0"3;:8+ *Ð]V_jg"eqwtv"owuv"rtguwog"vjg"fknkigpeg"qh"vjg"uvcvg)u"rtqugewvkqp"qh"c"fghgpfcpv"cdugpv rgtuwcukxg" gxkfgpeg" vjcv" vjg" uvcvg" jcu" gpicigf" kp" c" rcvvgtp" qh" eqpfwev" vjcv" eqwnf" dg eqpukfgtgf"fkncvqt{."eqnnwukxg."qt"qvjgtykug"kp"dcf"hckvj0Ñ+0" Friends of Milwaukee's Rivers. 5:4"H05f"cv"9820 ÐRctvkewnctn{"yjgp"vjg"GRC"ejqqugu"vq"gphqteg"vjg"EYC"vjtqwij"c"eqpugpv"fgetgg. hcknwtg"vq"fghgt"vq"kvu"lwfiogpv"ecp"wpfgtokpg"cigpe{"uvtcvgi{0""Kh"c"fghgpfcpv"ku"gzrqugf vq" c" ekvk|gp" uwkv" yjgpgxgt" vjg" GRC" itcpvu" kv" c" eqpeguukqp." fghgpfcpvu" yknn" jcxg" nkvvng kpegpvkxg"vq"pgiqvkcvg"eqpugpv"fgetggu0"Vjg"Uwrtgog"Eqwtv"jcu"tgeqipk|gf"vjg"korqtvcpeg qh"fghgtgpeg"vq"vjg"GRC)u"dctickpu< Uwrrqug"000"vjcv"vjg"Cfokpkuvtcvqt"citggf"pqv"vq"cuuguu"qt"qvjgtykug"uggm ekxkn"rgpcnvkgu"qp"vjg"eqpfkvkqp"vjcv"vjg"xkqncvqt"vcmg"uqog"gzvtgog"eqttgevkxg cevkqp."uwej"cu"vq"kpuvcnn"rctvkewnctn{"ghhgevkxg"dwv"gzrgpukxg"ocejkpgt{."vjcv kv"qvjgtykug"yqwnf"pqv"dg"qdnkigf"vq"vcmg0"Kh"ekvk|gpu"eqwnf"hkng"uwkv"000"kp"qtfgt vq" uggm" vjg" ekxkn" rgpcnvkgu" vjcv" vjg" Cfokpkuvtcvqt" ejqug" vq" hqtiq." vjgp" vjg Cfokpkuvtcvqt)u"fkuetgvkqp"vq"gphqteg"vjg"Cev"kp"vjg"rwdnke"kpvgtguv"yqwnf"dg 35 ewtvckngf"eqpukfgtcdn{0 Gwaltney."6:6"W0U0"cv"82Î830""Cu"qpg"eqwtv"pkegn{"rwv"kv."ÒCp"Cfokpkuvtcvqt"wpcdng"vq"ocmg eqpeguukqpu" ku" wpcdng" vq" qdvckp" vjgo0Ó" " " ]Supporters to Oppose Pollution, Inc. v._ Heritage Group." ;95" H04f" cv" 3546" ]*9vj" Ekt0" 3;;4+_= see Ark. Wildlife Fed'n v. ICI Americas, Inc.." 4;" H05f" 598." 5:2" *:vj" Ekt0" 3;;6+" *ÒKv" yqwnf" dg" wptgcuqpcdng" cpf kpcrrtqrtkcvg"vq"hkpf"hcknwtg"vq"fknkigpvn{"rtqugewvg"ukorn{"dgecwug"]fghgpfcpvu_"rtgxckngf kp"uqog"hcujkqp"qt"dgecwug"c"eqortqokug"ycu"tgcejgf0Ó+0""Yg"ujqwnf"pqv"kpvgtrtgv"¸"3587 kp"c"ocppgt"vjcv"yqwnf"wpfgtokpg"vjg"GRC)u"cdknkv{"vq"tgcej"xqnwpvct{"ugvvngogpvu"ykvj fghgpfcpvu0Ñ""Karr v. Hefner."697"H05f"33;4."33;9/;:"*9vj"Ekt0"4229+0 ÐKp"uwo."qwt"gxcnwcvkqp"qh"vjg"GRC)u"fknkigpeg"ku"swkvg"fghgtgpvkcn0""Ekvk|gp/rnckpvkhhu owuv" oggv" c" jkij" uvcpfctf" vq" fgoqpuvtcvg" vjcv" kv" jcu" hckngf" vq" rtqugewvg" c" xkqncvkqp fknkigpvn{0"See, e.g.."]North and South Rivers Watershed Assoc., Inc. v._"Scituate.";6; H04f"cv"779"]*3uv"Ekt0"3;;3+_"*ÒYjgtg"cp"cigpe{"jcu"urgekhkecnn{"cfftguugf"vjg"eqpegtpu qh" cp" cpcnqiqwu" ekvk|gp)u" uwkv." fghgtgpeg" vq" vjg" cigpe{)u" rncp" qh" cvvcem" ujqwnf" dg rctvkewnctn{"hcxqtgf0Ó+= Community of Cambridge Envtl. Health Cmty. & Dev. Group v. City of Cambridge."337"H0Uwrr04f"772."776"*F0"Of0"4222+"*ÒOquv"eqwtvu"eqpukfgtkpi"vjg fknkigpeg"qh"c"uvcvg"qt"hgfgtcn"rtqugewvkqp"jcxg"gzjkdkvgf"uwduvcpvkcn"fghgtgpeg"hqt"vjg cigpe{)u"rtqeguu0Ó+="Williams Pipe Line Co. v. Bayer Corp..";86"H0Uwrr0"3522."3546 *U0F0" Kqyc" 3;;9+" *ÒVjg" rnckpvkhh" kp" c" ekvk|gpu" uwkv" dgctu" vjg" dwtfgp" qh" rtqxkpi" vjg" uvcvg cigpe{)u"rtqugewvkqp"ycu"pqv"fknkigpv0"Vjg"dwtfgp"ku"jgcx{."dgecwug"vjg"gphqtegogpv cigpe{)u"fknkigpeg"ku"rtguwogf0"Vjg"000"cigpe{"owuv"dg"ikxgp"itgcv"fghgtgpeg"vq"rtqeggf kp"c"ocppgt"kv"eqpukfgtu"kp"vjg"dguv"kpvgtguvu"qh"cnn"rctvkgu"kpxqnxgf0Ó"*ekvcvkqpu."dtcemgvu. 36 cpf"kpvgtpcn"swqvcvkqp"octmu"qokvvgf++0Ñ""Karr"cv"33;:0 Kp"North and South Rivers Watershed Assoc., Inc. v. Scituate."977"H0Uwrr0"6:6 *F0" Ocuu0" 3;;3+." Ðvjg" eqwtv" hqwpf" vjcv" cp" Qtfgt" tgswktkpi" vjg" Vqyp" vq" Òvcmg" cnn" uvgru pgeguuct{" vq" rncp." fgukip." cpf" eqpuvtwev" hceknkvkgu" pgeguuct{" vq" cfgswcvgn{" vtgcv" cpf fkurqug" qh" cnn" ycuvgycvgtÓ" kp" ceeqtfcpeg" ykvj" nqecn." uvcvg." cpf" hgfgtcn" tgiwncvkqpu eqpuvkvwvgf"fknkigpv"rtqugewvkqp0" Id0"cv"6:9"*pqvkpi"cnuq"vjcv"vjg"uvcvg"gpxktqpogpvcn"cigpe{ fkf" pqv" cuuguu" cp{" rgpcnvkgu" dwv" nghv" qrgp" vjg" rquukdknkv{" vjcv" uwej" rgpcnvkgu" yqwnf" dg cuuguugf"kp"vjg"hwvwtg+0""Cffkvkqpcnn{."vjg"uvcvwvg"fqgu"pqv"tgswktg"uweeguu."dwv"tcvjgt"vjcv cp"cigpe{"Òvt{."fknkigpvn{0Ó""Supporters to Oppose Pollution Inc. v. Heritage Group.";95 H04f" 3542." 3546" *9vj" Ekt0" 3;;4+" *tglgevkpi" rnckpvkhh)u" cuugtvkqpu" vjcv" vjgkt" fghkpkvkqp" qh uweeguu"owuv"dg"vjg"dgpejoctm"qh"fknkigpv"rtqugewvkqp+0Ñ Community of Cambridge Envtl. Health Cmty. & Dev. Group v. City of Cambridge."337"H0Uwrr04f"772."777"*F0 Of0"4222+0 Ykvj"tgurgev"vq"vjg"kuuwg"qh"vjg"DJE"tgogfkcvkqp."vjku"Eqwtv"hkpfu"vjcv"vjg"rnckpvkhhu jcxg"hckngf"vq"oggv"vjgkt"jkij"dwtfgp"qh"ujqykpi"c"ncem"qh"fknkigpeg0""Vjg"Hktuv"Cogpfogpv crrtqxgf" d{" vjg" Eqwtv" urgekhkecnn{" rgtokvvgf" gzvgpukqpu" qh" eqornkcpeg" fcvgu0" " Vjku" ku gurgekcnn{" wpfgtuvcpfcdng" ukpeg" vjg" DJEu" gocpcvg" htqo" cp" kpfwuvtkcn" rtqeguu" yjkej egcugf"cnoquv"82"{gctu"ciq."tcvjgt"vjcp"htqo"uqog"ewttgpv"rtqeguu"wpfgt"vjg"fghgpfcpvÓu eqpvtqn0 Vjg"tgeqtf"ujqyu"vjcv"Gcing"jcu"urgpv"ukipkhkecpv"hwpfu"kp"cvvgorvkpi"vq"rtgxgpv hwvwtg"ngcmkpi"qh"vjgug"ejgokecnu"htqo"vjg"uqkn"kpvq"vjg"Qjkq"Tkxgt0""Vjg{"jcxg"rckf"hkpgu yjkej"ctg"pqv"kpukipkhkecpv"cndgkv"pqv"cu"owej"cu"vjg"rnckpvkhhu"yqwnf"ycpv0 37 Vjg"hcev"vjcv"vjg"YXFGR"oc{"pqv"jcxg"dggp"cu"ciitguukxg"cu"vjg"rnckpvkhhu"yqwnf nkmg"fqgu"pqv"guvcdnkuj"c"ncem"qh"fknkigpeg0""See Piney Run."uwrtc."cv"67;= Karr."supra."cv 33;;="Ellis v. Gallatin Steel Co.."5;2"H05f"683."699"*8vj"Ekt0"4226+="Scituate."supra."cv 77:"*Ðxkqncvkqpu"oc{"eqpvkpwg"fgurkvg"gxgt{vjkpi"tgcuqpcdn{"rquukdng"dgkpi"fqpg"d{"vjg uvcvg"cpf"Crrgnngg"vq"eqttgev"vjgo0Ñ+0 Vjcv"rqtvkqp"qh"vjg"Oqvkqp"hqt"Uwooct{"Lwfiogpv"ykvj"tgurgev"vq"vjg"DJE"kuuwg"ku ITCPVGF0 Vjg"kuuwg"qh"vjg"Ogtewt{"ngxgnu"rtgugpvu"c"fkhhgtgpv"kuuwg0""Vjg"Hqwtvj"Ektewkv"jcu ocfg"kv"engct"vjcv"vjg"YXFGR"ecppqv"ejcpig"qt"oqfkh{"vjg"vgtou"qh"c"PRFGU"rgtokv ykvjqwv"hqnnqykpi"vjg"Ðurgekhke."ocpfcvqt{"rtqegfwtgu"hqt"oqfkhkecvkqp0Ñ Sierra Club v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.";2;"H05f"857."875"*6vj"Ekt0"423:+"ekvkpi"United States v. Smithfield Foods, Inc.." ;87" H0Uwrr0" 98;." 9:9" *G0F0" Xc0" 3;;9+0" " Vjku" kpenwfgu" Ðrwdnke pqvkeg"cpf"rctvkekrcvkqp"uchgiwctfu"000"vq"gpuwtg"vjcv"kpvgtguvgf"ekvk|gpu"jcxg"cp"qrrqtvwpkv{ vq"eqpvguv"cfokpkuvtcvkxg"cevkqpu0Ñ""";2;"H05f"cv"8760 Ceeqtfkpin{."kpcuowej"cu"vjg"YXFGR"hckngf"vq"hqnnqy"vjg"crrtqrtkcvg"rtqegfwtgu vq"oqfkh{"vjg"PRFGU"rgtokv."vjg"rgtokv"ycu"pqv"oqfkhkgf"d{"CQ":6850""Kpcuowej"cu"vjg rgtokv"ycu"pqv"oqfkhkgf"d{"CQ":685."vjg"hkpcn"ogtewt{"ngxgnu"eqpvckpgf"kp"vjg"rgtokv"ctg kp"ghhgev0""Kpcuowej"cu"vjg"hkpcn"ogtewt{"ngxgnu"ctg"kp"ghhgev."vjg"YXFGR"ku"gphqtekpi"vjg ytqpi" uvcpfctf" kp" kvu" rgpfkpi" cevkqp" cickpuv" vjg" fghgpfcpv0" " Kpcuowej" cu" YXFGR" ku gphqtekpi" vjg" ytqpi" uvcpfctf." kv" ecppqv" dg" uckf" vq" dg" fknkigpvn{" rtqugewvkpi" vjg" cevkqp cickpuv"vjg"fghgpfcpv0""Hqt"vjqug"tgcuqpu."vjg"fghgpfcpvÓu"Oqvkqp"hqt"Uwooct{"Lwfiogpv yknn"dg"fgpkgf"ykvj"tgurgev"vq"vjg"gphqtegogpv"qh"vjg"ogtewt{"fkuejctig"nkokv0 Hqt"vjg"tgcuqpu"uvcvgf"cdqxg."Fghgpfcpv)u"Oqvkqp"hqt"Uwooct{"Lwfiogpv"]Fqe0"35_. 38 ku"ITCPVGF"KP"RCTV"cpf"FGPKGF"KP"RCTV0 Kpcuowej" cu" vjku" Eqwtv" jcu" kuuwgf" cp" Qtfgt" oqfkh{kpi" vjg" uejgfwnkpi" qtfgt. Fghgpfcpv)u"Oqvkqp"hqt"Uvc{"qh"Fkueqxgt{"qt"vq"Oqfkh{"vjg"Uejgfwnkpi"Qtfgt"]Fqe0"58_."cpf" Fghgpfcpv)u"Oqvkqp"vq"Gzrgfkvg"Eqpukfgtcvkqp"qh"kvu"Oqvkqp"hqt"Uvc{"qh"Fkueqxgt{"qt"vq Oqfkh{"vjg"Uejgfwnkpi"Qtfgt"]Fqe0"5:_"ctg"FGPKGF0 Kv"ku"uq"QTFGTGF0" Vjg"Engtm"ku"fktgevgf"vq"vtcpuokv"eqrkgu"qh"vjku"Qtfgt"vq"cp{"eqwpugn"qh"tgeqtf"jgtgkp0 FCVGF<"Octej"46."42420 39
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