Kerrigan v. QBE Insurance Corporation, No. 2:2016cv01637 - Document 47 (W.D. Wash. 2017)

Court Description: ORDER granting Defendant's 36 Motion for Summary Judgment. All ofPlaintiff Kerrigan's claims are DISMISSED. This case is CLOSED. Signed by Judge Ricardo S Martinez. (PM)

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Kerrigan v. QBE Insurance Corporation Doc. 47 1 2 3 4 5 6 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON AT SEATTLE 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 MARY ANN KERRIGAN, Case No. C16-1637 RSM Plaintiff, ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT v. QBE INSURANCE CORPORATION, a foreign insurance company, Defendant. This matter comes before the Court on Defendant QBE Insurance Corporation 18 (“QBE”)’s Motion for Summary Judgment. Dkt. #36. QBE argues that most of Plaintiff Mary 19 Ann Kerrigan’s claims are untimely and that all claims can be dismissed on summary judgment 20 on the merits. Ms. Kerrigan opposes this Motion. Dkt. #41. For the reasons set forth below, 21 the Court GRANTS QBE’s Motion and DISMISSES all claims in this case. 22 23 I. BACKGROUND 24 In 2013 Ms. Kerrigan submitted a claim to QBE for property damage to her house in 25 Everett, Washington. QBE provided coverage for plaintiff’s house under policy number Q- 26 5417334, for the policy period of July 23, 2013 – July 23, 2014. Dkt. #38-1 at 3. The policy 27 has a policy limit of $285,000, with a $1,000 deductible. Id. The policy covers “physical loss 28 ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT - 1 Dockets.Justia.com 1 to property”. Id. at 10. The policy does not cover the contents of the dwelling. Id.; see also 2 Dkt #37-1 at 12 (Deposition of Ms. Kerrigan). Importantly, the policy does not cover losses 3 caused by “wear and tear, marring, deterioration… [or] domestic animals,” and excludes 4 coverage for “neglect,” as well as loss caused by “faulty, inadequate or defective… 5 6 maintenance.” Dkt. #38-1 at 11–12. The policy contains a one-year contractual limitations 7 provision stating, “[n]o action can be brought unless the policy provisions have been complied 8 with and the action is started within one year after the date of loss.” Id. at 13. 9 On August 23, 2013, Ms. Kerrigan notified QBE of damage caused to her home by 10 vandalism. Id. at 65. QBE asked Audit Services, Inc. to appoint an independent adjuster to 11 12 review plaintiff’s claimed damages, and to conduct an inspection of the house. Dkt. #38 at 2. 13 ASI then retained Claims Adjustment Services (“CAS”), who in turn retained an independent 14 adjuster to perform the investigation. Id. 15 16 By letter dated September 4, 2013, QBE informed Ms. Kerrigan of the results of the investigation, and announced its decision that her policy did not provide coverage for portions 17 18 of her claim. Dkt. #38-1 at 76–79. The four-page letter noted that the policy did not cover 19 wear and tear, neglect, or improper maintenance, and proceeded to detail by list what was and 20 was not being covered. Id. Notably, the letter stated “under the terms of the Policy, there is a 21 suit limitation provision requiring any suit or action with regard to a claim to be filed within 1 22 23 year after the above captioned date of loss.” Id. at 79. The letter proceeded to calculate the 24 tolling of the suit limitation period for claim investigation, and announced that “the suit 25 limitation will expire on August 28, 2014.” Id. The letter announced that QBE was closing its 26 file on the matter. Id. Along with the letter, QBE issued a check for $2,409.63. Id. at 78. 27 28 ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT - 2 1 Ms. Kerrigan hired her own investigator, a representative from a company called Mr. 2 Handyman, to conduct a separate investigation. Mr. Handyman delivered an estimate of over 3 $21,000 for repairs. Dkt. #41-7. However, Mr. Handyman and QBE’s investigations were 4 different in scope. 5 6 QBE’s investigation was looking for damage to the property from vandalism, not damage caused by wear and tear, which is not covered under the policy; Mr. 7 Handyman’s investigator was not aware of the need to distinguish between these two sources of 8 damage. See Dkt. #37-1 at 13–14. Upon being advised that plaintiff disputed its valuation of 9 the purported damages, QBE re-opened the claim. See Dkt. #38-1 at 83. QBE hired another 10 person to inspect the house, and eventually sent a check for the additional sum of $2,268.66 11 12 with a letter dated October 15, 2013. Dkt. #38-1 at 86–89. That letter indicated that the 13 contractual limitation period was tolled an additional day. Id. at 89. 14 Ms. Kerrigan filed this lawsuit in Snohomish County Superior Court on September 12, 15 2016. Dkt. #1-1. It was removed here on October 19, 2016. Dkt #1. The Complaint pleads 16 causes of action for statutory bad faith, breach of fiduciary duty under certain regulations, 17 18 violation of the Insurance Fair Conduct Act (“IFCA”), breach of the state Consumer Protection 19 Act (“CPA”), common law negligence, the tort of outrage, “exemplary damages” under IFCA, 20 and for “declaratory judgment/injunctive relief.” Dkt. #1-1 at 2–4. 21 22 23 QBE filed the instant Motion on October 10, 2017. Dkt. #36. Ms. Kerrigan filed her Response brief on October 30, 2017, along with a declaration and several exhibits. Dkt. #41. 24 II. 25 DISCUSSION A. Evidentiary Issues and Surreply 26 The Court will first address QBE’s motion to strike the declaration of Ms. Kerrigan, 27 relied on in the Response, as improperly signed with “//M-A B Kerrigan//” in the signature line 28 ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT - 3 1 instead of a pen signature. Dkt. #42 at 3 (citing Dkt. #41-1). This declaration provides a 2 factual background to this case from Ms. Kerrigan’s personal knowledge and authenticates 3 several pictures of damage to her home. The Court finds that Ms. Kerrigan’s signature is 4 improper on this declaration, but the Court will consider Ms. Kerrigan’s statements and her 5 6 photo exhibits as it is evident to the Court that Ms. Kerrigan’s error was essentially a 7 scrivener’s error. The Court bases this conclusion in part on Ms. Kerrigan’s improper Surreply, 8 Dkt. #44. In this District, surreplies may only be filed to strike material contained in a reply 9 brief and must be preceded by a notice of intent to file. LCR 7(g). Ms. Kerrigan’s counsel has 10 not followed these procedures and is advised to review Local Rule 7 and especially Local Rule 11 12 7(m) for the procedure to file a praecipe to correct an error in filing. 13 Ms. Kerrigan’s declaration also attempts to authenticate several estimates for repair to 14 the damage to her home. QBE moves to strike these exhibits. Dkt. #42 at 4. The Court finds 15 that Ms. Kerrigan cannot speak to the truth of the matters contained in these documents, only 16 that she received them. The Court will not consider these documents for the truth of the matter 17 18 19 asserted. See Orr v. Bank of America, NT & SA, 285 F.3d 764, 773–74 (9th Cir. 2002). B. Legal Standard 20 Summary judgment is appropriate where “the movant shows that there is no genuine 21 dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. 22 23 R. Civ. P. 56(a); Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 247 (1986). Material facts are 24 those which might affect the outcome of the suit under governing law. Anderson, 477 U.S. at 25 248. In ruling on summary judgment, a court does not weigh evidence to determine the truth of 26 the matter, but “only determine[s] whether there is a genuine issue for trial.” Crane v. Conoco, 27 28 ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT - 4 1 Inc., 41 F.3d 547, 549 (9th Cir. 1994) (citing Federal Deposit Ins. Corp. v. O’Melveny & 2 Meyers, 969 F.2d 744, 747 (9th Cir. 1992)). 3 On a motion for summary judgment, the court views the evidence and draws inferences 4 in the light most favorable to the non-moving party. Anderson, 477 U.S. at 255; Sullivan v. 5 6 U.S. Dep't of the Navy, 365 F.3d 827, 832 (9th Cir. 2004). The Court must draw all reasonable 7 inferences in favor of the non-moving party. See O’Melveny & Meyers, 969 F.2d at 747, rev’d 8 on other grounds, 512 U.S. 79 (1994). However, the nonmoving party must make a “sufficient 9 showing on an essential element of her case with respect to which she has the burden of proof” 10 to survive summary judgment. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323 (1986). Further, 11 12 “[t]he mere existence of a scintilla of evidence in support of the plaintiff's position will be 13 insufficient; there must be evidence on which the jury could reasonably find for the plaintiff.” 14 Anderson, 477 U.S. at 251. 15 16 Under Washington law, interpretation of an insurance contract is a question of law. Overton v. Consol. Ins. Co., 145 Wn.2d 417, 424, 38 P.3d 322 (2002). When interpreting an 17 18 insurance policy, “ambiguities are resolved in favor of the policyholder.” Eurick v. Pemco Ins. 19 Co., 108 Wn.2d 338, 340, 738 P.2d 251, 252 (1987) (citing E-Z Loader Boat Trailers, Inc. v. 20 Travelers Indem. Co., 106 Wn.2d 901, 907, 726 P.2d 439 (1986)). “The terms of a policy 21 should be given a fair, reasonable, and sensible construction as would be given to the contract 22 23 24 25 by the average person purchasing insurance.” Overton, 145 Wn.2d at 424. C. Claims barred by the Contractual Limitations Clause a. Declaratory Judgment/Injunctive Relief Claim 26 QBE argues that the declaratory judgment/injunctive relief claim is barred by the 27 Policy’s one-year contractual limitations provision and applicable state law. Dkt. #36 at 11 28 ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT - 5 1 (citing RCW 48.18.200(1)(c); Logan v. North-West Ins. Co., 45 Wn. App. 95, 97-98 (1986); 2 Northwest Farm Credit Services, FLCA v. IDS Property, 2014 WL 3695998, *3 (W.D. Wash. 3 2014)). QBE argues that the provision is unambiguous and notes that it was “highlighted” to 4 Ms. Kerrigan in letters dated September 4, 2013, and October 15, 2013. Id. at 12. 5 6 Ms. Kerrigan does not adequately respond to this argument in her Response. She states 7 at one point that “the negligence and outrage claims are by no means barred under the Contract 8 Limitations policy of this agreement” (Dkt. #41 at 14), but she does not cite authority or 9 otherwise expand on this thought. Ms. Kerrigan states that because she “filed this lawsuit on 10 September 12, 2013, her causes of action meet unquestionably any statute of limitations of 11 12 three years.” Id. at 3. The Court assumes “2013” is a typo, because the record shows this case 13 was filed on September 12, 2016. See Dkt. #1-1. In any event, addressing the statute of 14 limitations does not help the Court rule on the contractual limitations clause issue. 15 16 A contractual limitation provision in an insurance policy applies to “the parties’ contractual relationship and claims arising out of it,” not “claims asserting a violation of the 17 18 CPA” or other claims arising under an independent source of law. O’Neill v. Farmers Ins. Co. 19 of Washington, 124 Wn. App. 516, 530 (2004) (citing Simms v. Allstate Ins. Co., 27 Wn. App. 20 872, 621 P.2d 155 (1980)). A contractual limitation provision is applicable to an insured’s 21 claim seeking a declaratory judgment. See Northwest Farm, 2014 WL 3695998, *2-4. 22 23 The Court finds that Ms. Kerrigan failed to file this claim within the unambiguous one- 24 year contractual limitation period above. Ms. Kerrigan raises no facts or argument to explain 25 or otherwise circumvent this defense. Ms. Kerrigan’s Declaratory Judgment/Injunctive Relief 26 claim clearly arises out of her contractual relationship with QBE. See Dkt. #1-1 at 4. 27 28 ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT - 6 1 Accordingly, the Court will dismiss Ms. Kerrigan’s declaratory judgment/injunctive relief 2 cause of action, and any other claim arising solely from the contract. b. Negligence and Outrage Claims 3 4 5 6 QBE argues the claims of negligence and outrage should also be barred under the contractual limitations provision as they arise solely from the contractual relationship and are 7 not based on some independent statutory source of law. For evidence of this, QBE cites the 8 Complaint as stating that these claims rely on QBE’s purported failure “to pay full benefits 9 arising from plaintiff’s loss.” Dkt. #36 at 13 (citing Dkt. #1-1 at ¶2.3). 10 In Response, Ms. Kerrigan argues that her claim of negligence exists outside the 11 12 contractual obligations and her claim for common law bad faith, essentially remaining solely as 13 a claim for negligent claim handling. Dkt. #41 at 13 (citing Merriman v. American Guar. & 14 Liability Ins., 396 P. 3d 351, 362 (2017)). Ms. Kerrigan addresses her claim of outrage, but 15 fails to set forth a factual or legal basis for her claim to exist outside the contractual relationship 16 with QBE. 17 18 Ms. Kerrigan has adequately established that her claim of negligence can exist outside 19 the contractual relationship. However, the Court finds that Ms. Kerrigan has neither pled nor 20 argued a basis for her outrage claim to exist independently. It appears that the outrageous 21 conduct alleged was the denial of coverage alone, thus these claims arise from the contractual 22 23 24 relationship and are dismissed as untimely. D. Claims barred by the Statute of Limitations 25 QBE argues that Ms. Kerrigan’s claims of common law bad faith, negligence, outrage, 26 and breach of fiduciary duty should be dismissed under the state three-year statute of 27 limitations for such claims and that Ms. Kerrigan was aware of her ability to assert these claims 28 ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT - 7 1 as early as September 4, 2013, but did not file until September 12, 2016. See Dkt. #36 at 14–15 2 (citing O’Neill, 124 Wn. App. at 529-30 (“[C]laims for bad faith are subject to a three-year 3 statute of limitations.”); Washington v. Boeing Co., 105 Wn. App. 1, 18 (2000) (“Negligence 4 claims are subject to the three-year statute of limitations.”); Cox v. Oasis Physical Therapy, 5 6 PLLC, 153 Wn. App. 176, 192 (2000)). QBE cites Washington law indicating that an insured’s 7 cause of action against the insurer accrues at the time his or her claim for coverage is initially 8 denied. Dkt. #36 at 14 (citing Lenk v. Life Ins. Co. of North America, 2010 WL 5173207, *2 9 (E.D. Wash. 2010). 10 In her Response, Ms. Kerrigan admits that QBE sent a decision letter “on or around 11 12 September 5, 2013,” but argues that her claim was not ripe until October 2013 when she 13 received the adjusted coverage decision and second check. Dkt. #41 at 2–3. Ms. Kerrigan 14 argues that “her causes of action meet unquestionably any statute of limitations of three years,” 15 but cites to no case law to support her position, and fails to address Lenk or QBE’s related 16 arguments. Id. at 3. 17 18 The limitations period starts when a cause of action accrues. “A cause of action accrues 19 when a party has the right to seek relief in the courts.” Crownover v. Dep’t of Transp., 165 20 Wn. App. 131, 141, 265 P.3d 971, 977 (2011) (citing Colwell v. Eising, 118 Wn.2d 861, 868, 21 827 P.2d 1005 (1992)). The Court does not believe it is always the case that an insured’s cause 22 23 of action accrues at the time his or her claim for coverage is initially denied, as the discovery 24 rule outlined in Green v. A.P.C., 136 Wn.2d 87, 96 (1998) involves a more nuanced inquiry. 25 However, the facts of this case mirror those in Lenk, where an insured received a similar initial 26 denial letter more than three years before the action was filed, and where there were subsequent 27 appeals of that initial denial that were not considered by the court to extend the starting point 28 ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT - 8 1 for the limitations period. See 2010 WL 5173207. Given the facts of this case, the Court 2 concludes that all the elements of her claims were present and Ms. Kerrigan had the right to 3 seek relief in the court by September 4, 2013. Ms. Kerrigan did not file this action within three 4 years of this date. Although her filing date was only a few days after this period expired, she 5 6 has not made any argument for equitable tolling and the Court cannot conceive of such an 7 argument. The claims of common law bad faith, negligence, outrage, and breach of fiduciary 8 duty claims are dismissed as untimely. 9 E. Remaining CPA and IFCA Claims 10 Ms. Kerrigan’s remaining claims arise under statute and are not subject to QBE’s 11 12 timeliness affirmative defenses. QBE moves to dismiss these claims, essentially arguing that 13 its investigation of the claim was unquestionably reasonable and that this is dispositive for both 14 claims. 15 Pennsylvania, 2008 WL 3542620, *7 (W.D. Wash. 2008)); Dkt. #42 at 11. QBE argues that 16 Dkt #36 at 17 (citing GCG Associates LP v. American Cas. Co. of Reading Ms. Kerrigan “has no evidence whatsoever that QBE acted unreasonably.” Dkt. #36 at 18. 17 18 QBE relies on statements made in Ms. Kerrigan’s deposition, and attacks Ms. Kerrigan’s lack 19 of evidence. QBE argues that Ms. Kerrigan cannot question the amount of the estimates 20 provided by QBE’s investigators by comparing it to the Mr. Handyman estimate, because the 21 Mr. Handyman estimate was made “without regard to coverage,” and because a “mere number 22 23 24 comparison” approach is “inadequate to show bad faith.” Id. at 21 (citing Lloyd v. Allstate Ins. Co., 167 Wn. App. 490 (2012)). 25 Ms. Kerrigan has attempted to submit her own evidence showing that estimates for the 26 damage total at least $72,954. Dkt. #41 at 4. However, as stated above, this evidence will not 27 be considered for the truth of the maters therein. Ms. Kerrigan has no expert witness in this 28 ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT - 9 1 case. QBE argues that Ms. Kerrigan’s declaration contradicts her prior deposition testimony, 2 where she stated that she could not say whether the QBE investigators missed any damaged 3 property that should have been included in her report. Dkt. #42 at 2 (citing Dkt. #37-1 at 17). 4 “The general rule in the Ninth Circuit is that a party cannot create an issue of fact by an 5 6 affidavit contradicting his prior deposition testimony.” Kennedy v. Allied Mutual Ins. Co., 952 7 F.2d 262, 266 (9th Cir. 1991). The Court finds that Ms. Kerrigan’s declaration, to the extent 8 that it contradicts her prior deposition testimony, does not create an issue of fact. 9 An insurer acts in bad faith if its denial of coverage is “unreasonable, frivolous, or 10 unfounded.” Overton v. Consol. Ins. Co., 145 Wn.2d 417, 38 P.3d 322, 329 (Wash. 2002). 11 12 Ordinarily, whether an insurer acts in bad faith is a question of fact for the jury, unless 13 reasonable minds could reach but one conclusion. Smith v. Safeco Ins. Co., 150 Wn.2d 478, 78 14 P.3d 1274, 1277 (2003). Context is critical to determining whether an insurer committed bad 15 faith. See Am. Mfrs. Mut. Ins. Co. v. Osborn, 104 Wn. App. 686, 17 P.3d 1229, 1236 (2001); 16 Keller v. Allstate Ins. Co., 81 Wn. App. 624, 915 P.2d 1140, 1145 (1996) (“To determine 17 18 whether [an insurer] acted reasonably, fairly, or deceptively, it is necessary to consider the 19 circumstances surrounding the allegedly improper act.”). Furthermore, the duty of good faith 20 “is broad and all-encompassing, and is not limited to an insurer's duty to pay, settle, or defend.” 21 St. Paul Fire and Marine Ins. v. Onvia, Inc., 165 Wn.2d 122, 196 P.3d 664, 669 (Wash. 2008). 22 23 Thus, even where there would be no coverage or right to a defense under the policy terms, if an 24 insurer mishandles a claim in bad faith, a cause of action based on this conduct remains viable. 25 Id. at 668. 26 Given all the above, the Court finds that Ms. Kerrigan’s bad faith claim, and thus her 27 IFCA and CPA claims, rely on her own conclusory assertions that QBE’s estimate was less 28 ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT - 10 1 than a reasonable amount. Ms. Kerrigan presents no evidence that the jury could reasonably 2 rely on to challenge the reasonableness of QBE’s estimate. This is an essential element of 3 these claims to which she has the burden of proof, and its absence can lead the Court to 4 summary judgment dismissal. See Celotex, 477 U.S. 323, Anderson, 477 U.S. at 251. In light 5 6 of the facts and circumstances of this case, the Court concludes that reasonable minds could 7 only conclude that QBE’s investigation was reasonable, and that Ms. Kerrigan’s CPA and 8 IFCA claims must therefore be dismissed. See Smith, supra. III. 9 10 CONCLUSION Having reviewed the relevant briefing, the declarations and exhibits attached thereto, 11 12 13 14 and the remainder of the record, the Court hereby finds and ORDERS: 1) Defendant QBE’s Motion for Summary Judgment (Dkt. #36) is GRANTED. All of Plaintiff Kerrigan’s claims are DISMISSED. 15 2) This case is CLOSED. 16 DATED this 7th day of December 2017. 17 18 19 20 21 A RICARDO S. MARTINEZ CHIEF UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT - 11

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