Snowden v. Saul, No. 4:2018cv05115 - Document 16 (E.D. Wash. 2019)

Court Description: ORDER Granting 14 Defendant's Motion for Summary Judgment; denying 11 Plaintiff's Motion for Summary Judgment. Signed by Senior Judge Robert H. Whaley. (PL, Case Administrator)

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Snowden v. Saul Doc. 16 1 2 FI LED I N THE U.S. DI STRI CT COURT EASTERN DI STRI CT OF WASHI NGTON 3 Sep 25, 2019 SEAN F. MCAVOY, CLERK 4 5 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON 6 7 MATTHEW S., 8 Plaintiff, No. 4:18-CV-05115-RHW 9 v. ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT 10 11 ANDREW M. SAUL, COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY, 1 12 Defendant. 13 Before the Court are the parties’ cross-motions for summary judgment, ECF 14 Nos. 11 & 14. Plaintiff brings this action seeking judicial review, pursuant to 42 15 U.S.C. § 405(g), of the Commissioner’s final decision, which denied his 16 17 1 Andrew M. Saul is now the Commissioner of the Social Security 18 Administration. Accordingly, the Court substitutes Andrew M. Saul as the 19 Defendant and directs the Clerk to update the docket sheet. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 20 25(d). ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 1 Dockets.Justia.com 1 applications for Disability Insurance Benefits under Title II of the Social Security 2 Act, 42 U.S.C § 401-434, and for Supplemental Security Income under Title XVI 3 of the Act, 42 U.S.C § 1381-1383F. After reviewing the administrative record and 4 briefs filed by the parties, the Court is now fully informed. For the reasons set forth 5 below, the Court GRANTS Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment and 6 DENIES Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment. 7 I. Jurisdiction 8 Plaintiff filed his applications for Disability Insurance Benefits and 9 Supplemental Security Income on July 16, 2014. AR 105-06. His alleged onset 10 date of disability is April 1, 2014. AR 212. Plaintiff’s applications were initially 11 denied on October 13, 2014, AR 149-54, and on reconsideration on February 12, 12 2015, AR 157-61. 13 A hearing with Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) Marie Palachuk occurred 14 on April 13, 2017. AR 62-104. On May 26, 2017, the ALJ issued a decision 15 finding Plaintiff ineligible for disability benefits. AR 19-35. The Appeals Council 16 denied Plaintiff’s request for review on May 14, 2018, AR 1-5, making the ALJ’s 17 ruling the “final decision” of the Commissioner. 18 Plaintiff timely filed the present action challenging the denial of benefits on 19 July 10, 2018. ECF No. 1. Accordingly, Plaintiff’s claims are properly before this 20 Court pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 2 1 2 II. Sequential Evaluation Process The Social Security Act defines disability as the “inability to engage in any 3 substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or 4 mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or 5 can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than twelve months.” 42 6 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A). A claimant shall be determined to be under a disability only 7 if the claimant’s impairments are of such severity that the claimant is not only 8 unable to do his previous work, but cannot, considering claimant’s age, education, 9 and work experience, engage in any other substantial gainful work that exists in the 10 11 national economy. 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(2)(A). The Commissioner has established a five-step sequential evaluation process 12 for determining whether a claimant is disabled within the meaning of the Social 13 Security Act. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(a)(4), 416.920(a)(4); Lounsburry v. Barnhart, 14 468 F.3d 1111, 1114 (9th Cir. 2006). 15 Step one inquires whether the claimant is presently engaged in “substantial 16 gainful activity.” 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(b), 416.920(b). Substantial gainful 17 activity is defined as significant physical or mental activities done or usually done 18 for profit. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1572, 416.972. If the claimant is engaged in substantial 19 activity, he is not entitled to disability benefits. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1571, 416.971. If 20 not, the ALJ proceeds to step two. ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 3 1 Step two asks whether the claimant has a severe impairment, or combination 2 of impairments, that significantly limits the claimant’s physical or mental ability to 3 do basic work activities. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(c), 416.920(c). A severe 4 impairment is one that has lasted or is expected to last for at least twelve months, 5 and must be proven by objective medical evidence. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1509, 6 416.909. If the claimant does not have a severe impairment, or combination of 7 impairments, the disability claim is denied, and no further evaluative steps are 8 required. Otherwise, the evaluation proceeds to the third step. 9 Step three involves a determination of whether any of the claimant’s severe 10 impairments “meets or equals” one of the listed impairments acknowledged by the 11 Commissioner to be sufficiently severe as to preclude substantial gainful activity. 12 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(d), 404.1525, 404.1526, 416.920(d), 416.925, 416.926; 20 13 C.F.R. § 404 Subpt. P. App. 1 (“the Listings”). If the impairment meets or equals 14 one of the listed impairments, the claimant is per se disabled and qualifies for 15 benefits. Id. If the claimant is not per se disabled, the evaluation proceeds to the 16 fourth step. 17 Step four examines whether the claimant’s residual functional capacity 18 enables the claimant to perform past relevant work. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(e)-(f), 19 416.920(e)-(f). If the claimant can still perform past relevant work, the claimant is 20 not entitled to disability benefits and the inquiry ends. Id. ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 4 1 Step five shifts the burden to the Commissioner to prove that the claimant is 2 able to perform other work in the national economy, taking into account the 3 claimant’s age, education, and work experience. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(g), 4 404.1560(c), 416.920(g), 416.960(c). To meet this burden, the Commissioner must 5 establish that (1) the claimant is capable of performing other work; and (2) such 6 work exists in “significant numbers in the national economy.” 20 C.F.R. § 7 404.1560(c)(2); Beltran v. Astrue, 700 F.3d 386, 388-89 (9th Cir. 2012). 8 9 III. Standard of Review A district court’s review of a final decision of the Commissioner is governed 10 by 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). The scope of review under § 405(g) is limited, and the 11 Commissioner’s decision will be disturbed “only if it is not supported by 12 substantial evidence or is based on legal error.” Hill v. Astrue, 698 F.3d 1153, 13 1158-59 (9th Cir. 2012) (citing § 405(g)). Substantial evidence means “more than a 14 mere scintilla but less than a preponderance; it is such relevant evidence as a 15 reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Sandgathe v. 16 Chater, 108 F.3d 978, 980 (9th Cir. 1997) (quoting Andrews v. Shalala, 53 F.3d 17 1035, 1039 (9th Cir. 1995)) (internal quotation marks omitted). In determining 18 whether the Commissioner’s findings are supported by substantial evidence, “a 19 reviewing court must consider the entire record as a whole and may not affirm 20 simply by isolating a specific quantum of supporting evidence.” Robbins v. Soc. ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 5 1 Sec. Admin., 466 F.3d 880, 882 (9th Cir. 2006) (quoting Hammock v. Bowen, 879 2 F.2d 498, 501 (9th Cir. 1989)). 3 In reviewing a denial of benefits, a district court may not substitute its 4 judgment for that of the ALJ. Matney v. Sullivan, 981 F.2d 1016, 1019 (9th Cir. 5 1992). If the evidence in the record “is susceptible to more than one rational 6 interpretation, [the court] must uphold the ALJ’s findings if they are supported by 7 inferences reasonably drawn from the record.” Molina v. Astrue, 674 F.3d 1104, 8 1111 (9th Cir. 2012); see also Thomas v. Barnhart, 278 F.3d 947, 954 (9th Cir. 9 2002) (if the “evidence is susceptible to more than one rational interpretation, one 10 of which supports the ALJ’s decision, the conclusion must be upheld”). Moreover, 11 a district court “may not reverse an ALJ’s decision on account of an error that is 12 harmless.” Molina, 674 F.3d at 1111. An error is harmless “where it is 13 inconsequential to the [ALJ’s] ultimate nondisability determination.” Id. at 1115. 14 The burden of showing that an error is harmful generally falls upon the party 15 appealing the ALJ’s decision. Shinseki v. Sanders, 556 U.S. 396, 409-10 (2009). 16 17 IV. Statement of Facts The facts of the case are set forth in detail in the transcript of proceedings 18 and only briefly summarized here. Plaintiff was 30 years old at the alleged date of 19 onset. AR 212. He completed the twelfth grade in 2003. AR 250. Plaintiff can 20 communicate in English. AR 248. Plaintiff has past work as a laborer at an ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 6 1 employment placement agency, as a pizza deliverer, as a pizza cook, as a car 2 washer, as a prep cook, stocking shelves, as a granite polisher, taking fees at a 3 parking lot, and installing heaters and dehumidifiers. AR 250, 257-68. 4 V. The ALJ’s Findings 5 The ALJ determined that Plaintiff was not under a disability within the 6 meaning of the Act from April 1, 2014, through the date of the ALJ’s decision. AR 7 35. 8 At step one, the ALJ found that Plaintiff had not engaged in substantial 9 gainful activity since April 1, 2014 (citing 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1571 et seq., and 10 11 416.971 et seq.). AR 21. At step two, the ALJ found Plaintiff had the following severe impairments: 12 peripheral vascular disease; obesity; major depressive disorder; generalized anxiety 13 disorder; personality disorder; post-traumatic stress disorder; and a history of 14 heroin abuse/dependency in sustained remission (citing 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(c) 15 and 416.920(c)). AR 21. 16 At step three, the ALJ found that Plaintiff did not have an impairment or 17 combination of impairments that meets or medically equals the severity of one of 18 the listed impairments in 20 C.F.R. § 404, Subpt. P, App. 1. AR 21. 19 20 At step four, the ALJ found Plaintiff had the residual functional capacity to perform a range of light work with the following limitations: ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 He could frequently balance, stoop, kneel, crouch, and crawl; he could occasionally climb ramps or stairs but never ladders, ropes, or scaffolds; he should avoid concentrated exposure to extreme temperatures, wetness, humidity, and vibration; he could have no more than moderate exposure to hazards; he could understand, remember, and carry out simple, routine, and repetitive tasks or instructions; he could maintain attention and concentration at a productive pace for twohour intervals between regularly scheduled breaks; he could tolerate only simple changes in routine and only simple judgment or decisionmaking; he could not work at a fast-paced production rate (i.e., assembly line-type work); he should have no interaction with the public and only superficial interaction with co-workers (i.e., noncollaborative/no tandem tasks/no teamwork); and he should deal with things rather than people. AR 26. The ALJ identified Plaintiff’s past relevant work as car wash attendant, prep 10 cook, fast food worker, food deliverer, parking lot attendant, and laborer, and 11 found that he was unable to perform his past relevant work. AR 33. 12 At step five, the ALJ found, in light of his age, education, work experience, 13 and residual functional capacity, there were jobs that existed in significant numbers 14 in the national economy that Plaintiff could perform. AR 34. These included a 15 small parts assembler and an office cleaner. AR 35. 16 VI. Issues for Review 17 Plaintiff argues that the Commissioner’s decision is not free of legal error 18 and not supported by substantial evidence. Specifically, he argues the ALJ erred 19 by: (1) failing to properly weigh the medical opinion evidence; (2) failing to 20 properly consider Plaintiff’s mental impairments; (3) failing to properly consider ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 8 1 Plaintiff’s symptom statements; and (4) failing to make a proper step five 2 determination. 3 4 5 VII. Discussion A. The ALJ properly weighed the medical opinion evidence. Plaintiff challenges the weight the ALJ gave to the opinions of John Hornell, 6 M.D., Tae-Im Moon, Ph.D., N.K. Marks, Ph.D., and Thomas Genthe, Ph.D. ECF 7 No. 11 at 14-18. 8 The Ninth Circuit has distinguished between three classes of medical 9 providers in defining the weight to be given to their opinions: (1) treating providers 10 (those who actually treat the claimant); (2) examining providers (those who 11 examine but do not treat the claimant); and (3) non-examining providers (those 12 who neither treat nor examine the claimant). Lester v. Chater, 81 F.3d 821, 830 13 (9th Cir. 1996) (as amended). 14 A treating provider’s opinion is given the most weight, followed by an 15 examining provider, and finally a non-examining provider. Id. at 830-31. In the 16 absence of a contrary opinion, a treating or examining provider’s opinion may not 17 be rejected unless “clear and convincing” reasons are provided. Id. at 830. If a 18 treating or examining provider’s opinion is contradicted, it may be discounted for 19 “specific and legitimate reasons that are supported by substantial evidence in the 20 record.” Id. at 830-31. ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 9 1 The ALJ may meet the specific and legitimate standard by “setting out a 2 detailed and thorough summary of the facts and conflicting clinical evidence, 3 stating his interpretation thereof, and making findings.” Magallanes v. Bowen, 881 4 F.2d 747, 751 (9th Cir. 1989) (internal citation omitted). When rejecting a treating 5 provider’s opinion on a psychological impairment, the ALJ must offer more than 6 his or his own conclusions and explain why he or she, as opposed to the provider, 7 is correct. Embrey v. Bowen, 849 F.2d 418, 421-22 (9th Cir. 1988). 8 1. 9 Dr. Hornell completed three separate opinions regarding Plaintiff’s 10 11 John Hornell, M.D. functional abilities. The first is in a December 1, 2014 letter: 13 It is my medical opinion that [Plaintiff] [c]ontinues to be unable to work. [H]e continues to have issues with chronic pain in his leg which prevent him from standing for any prolonged period. He also suffers from chronic anxiety and currently appears to be unable to work until conditions improve. 14 AR 408. The ALJ gave the portion of the opinion addressing Plaintiff’s inability to 15 work due to chronic leg pain “little weight” because (1) the opinion offered an 16 analysis on an issue reserved to the Commissioner, (2) it made a conclusion that 17 required vocational expertise, (3) Dr. Hornell only visited with Plaintiff twice at 18 the time of the opinion, and (4) Dr. Hornell’s records did not reflect any objective 19 evidence to support his conclusion. AR 29. The ALJ gave the portion of the 20 opinion addressing Plaintiff’s chronic anxiety “little weight” because (1) it 12 ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 10 1 addressed an issue reserved to the Commissioner, (2) Dr. Hornell did not provide 2 specific reasoning for his opinion, and (3) he offered the opinion after only seeing 3 Plaintiff once. AR 31-32. 4 Dr. Hornell’s second opinion is on a Physical Functional Evaluation form 5 dated April 22, 2016. AR 946-48. He opined that Plaintiff was limited to sedentary 6 work. AR 948. The ALJ assigned this opinion “little weight” because (1) it was 7 inconsistent with his reported activities and (2) Dr. Hornell failed to provide 8 objective support for his limitations. AR 30. 9 Dr. Hornell’s third opinion is on a Physical Medical Source Statement form 10 dated April 12, 2017. AR 1102-05. He limited Plaintiff to sitting for half an hour at 11 a time for a total of four hours, standing for fifteen minutes at a time for a total of 12 one hour, and walking for half an hour at a time for a total of one hour. AR 1002. 13 He limited Plaintiff’s lifting and carrying and provided additional postural and 14 environmental limitations. AR 1102-04. He stated Plaintiff would need additional 15 breaks, would likely miss work or leave early at least two to three days per month, 16 and was precluded from production level sorting, assembly, or inspection. AR 17 1104. He stated that the objective medical findings that supported the opinion 18 included recurrent deep vein thrombosis bilateral lower extremities, chronic 19 venous insufficiency, complex regional pain syndrome, and a history of carpal 20 tunnel syndrome. Id. The ALJ gave this opinion “little weight” because (1) it was ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 11 1 inconsistent with Plaintiff’s reported activities and (2) Dr. Hornell did not provide 2 objective support for the opinion. AR 30. 3 In challenging the ALJ’s treatment of Dr. Hornell’s opinions, Plaintiff only 4 addressed the ALJ’s determination that the opinions were not supported by 5 objective evidence. ECF No. 11 at 15-16. In doing so, the ALJ failed to address all 6 the reasons the ALJ provided for rejecting the opinion. 7 Plaintiff’s failure to argue this with more specificity essentially results in a 8 waiver of the issue. See Carmickle v. Comm’r, Soc. Sec. Admin., 533 F.3d 1155, 9 1161 n.2 (9th Cir. 2008). The Ninth Circuit explained the necessity for providing 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 specific arguments: The art of advocacy is not one of mystery. Our adversarial system relies on the advocates to inform the discussion and raise the issues to the court. Particularly on appeal, we have held firm against considering arguments that are not briefed. But the term “brief” in the appellate context does not mean opaque nor is it an exercise in issue spotting. However much we may importune lawyers to be brief and to get to the point, we have never suggested that they skip the substance of their argument in order to do so. It is no accident that the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure require the opening brief to contain the “appellant’s contentions and the reasons for them, with citations to the authorities and parts of the record on which the appellant relies.” Fed. R. App. P. 28(a)(9)(A). We require contentions to be accompanied by reasons. 18 19 20 ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 12 1 Independent Towers of Wash. v. Wash., 350 F.3d 925, 929 (9th Cir. 2003).2 2 Moreover, the Ninth Circuit has repeatedly admonished that the court will not 3 “manufacture arguments for an appellant” and therefore will not consider claims 4 that were not actually argued in appellant’s opening brief. Greenwood v. Fed. 5 Aviation Admin., 28 F.3d 971, 977 (9th Cir. 1994). Because Plaintiff failed to 6 provide adequate briefing, the court declines to consider this issue. 7 In his Reply, Plaintiff did address the ALJ’s finding that the opinion was 8 inconsistent with his reported activities. ECF No. 14 at 3-4. However, as the Court 9 in Greenwood stated, the Court will not consider claims not actually argued in the 10 opening brief. 11 2. 12 On May 13, 2013, Dr. Moon examined Plaintiff and provided an opinion Tae-Im Moon, Ph.D. 13 that he had a moderate limitation in eleven basic functional abilities. AR 803. The 14 ALJ gave this opinion “little weight” because Dr. Moon evaluated Plaintiff almost 15 a year prior to the alleged onset date. AR 31. 16 17 “Medical opinions that predate the alleged onset of disability are of limited relevance.” See Carmickle, 533 F.3d at 1165. Plaintiff alleged disability starting 18 19 20 2 Under the current version of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure, the appropriate citation would be to FED. R. APP. P. 28(a)(8)(A). ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 13 1 April 1, 2014, AR 212, almost a year after Dr. Moon’s opinion. Therefore, the 2 Court will not disturb the ALJ’s treatment of Dr. Moon’s opinion. 3 3. 4 On May 2, 2014, Dr. Marks completed a Psychological/Psychiatric 5 Evaluation opining that Plaintiff had a severe limitation in two basic functional 6 abilities, a marked limitation in four basic functional abilities, and a moderate 7 limitation in two functional abilities. AR 390-91. The ALJ gave this opinion “little 8 weight” because Plaintiff demonstrated a capacity to participate in the types of 9 activities Dr. Marks believed would be markedly or severely difficult for him. AR 10 11 N.K. Marks, Ph.D. 31. Plaintiff failed to address the ALJ’s reason for rejecting Dr. Marks’ opinion 12 in his opening brief. ECF No. 11 at 16-19. Therefore, the Court will not consider 13 this issue. See Carmickle, 533 F.3d at 1165. 14 4. 15 Dr. Genthe completed a Psychological/Psychiatric Evaluation form opining Thomas Genthe, Ph.D. 16 that Plaintiff had severe limitations in two basic functional areas and marked 17 limitations in eight basic functional areas. AR 949-53. The form is undated. AR 18 953. The ALJ gave the opinion “little weight” because it was based on Plaintiff’s 19 uncorroborated symptoms reports. AR 32. 20 Plaintiff failed to challenge this reason in his opening brief. ECF No. 11 at ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 14 1 16-18. Therefore, the Court declines to consider the issue. See Carmickle, 533 F.3d 2 at 1161 n.2. 3 B. 4 The ALJ did not err in the treatment of Plaintiff’s mental impairments. Plaintiff argues that the ALJ failed to properly evaluate Plaintiff’s mental 5 impairments and resulting functional limitations as required by 20 C.F.R. §§ 6 404.1520a, 416.920a. ECF No. 11 at 8. 7 At steps two and three of the five-step sequential evaluation process, mental 8 impairments are evaluated using the special psychiatric review technique. 20 9 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520a(b)-(d), 416.920a(b)-(d). Functional limitations are determined 10 by assessing the functional areas of how one can: (1) understand, remember, or 11 apply information; (2) interact with others; (3) concentrate, persist, or maintain 12 pace; and (4) adapt or manage oneself. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520a(c)(3), 13 416.920a(c)(3). After the functional limitations are determined, the ALJ 14 determines if the severity of the impairment meets or equals a listed impairment. 15 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520a(d), 416.920a(d). If the impairment does not meet or equal 16 a listing, the ALJ must then assess the claimant’s mental residual functional 17 capacity. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520a(d)(3), 416.920a(d)(3). 18 Here, the ALJ found Plaintiff had a mild limitation in understanding, 19 remembering, or applying information, a moderate limitation in interacting with 20 others, a moderate limitation in concentrating, persisting, or maintain pace, and a ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 15 1 mild limitation in adapting or managing oneself. AR. 23-25. While Plaintiff 2 challenged the ALJ’s determination, the challenge failed to specifically address 3 any of the evidence the ALJ relied upon in her decision. ECF No. 11 at 8. 4 Plaintiff’s argument is only a few sentences generally addressing the issue: 5 The [ALJ] has failed to properly evaluate the claimant’s mental impairments. The ALJ erred in failing to evaluate the claimant’s mental impairments and resulting functional limitations as required by 20 C.F.R., Section 404.1520a. Instead the ALJ has made a concentrated effort to cite only the positive form the claimant’s medical records, particularly with regards to mental conditions and mental impairments. 6 7 8 ECF No. 11 at 8. Additionally, Plaintiff stated that “[t]he ALJ has absolutely no 9 support in her conclusions that the mental status exams or repeat psychological 10 exams, failed to show the limitations described.” ECF No. 11 at 8-9. 11 Plaintiff’s failure to argue this with more specificity essentially results in a 12 waiver of the issue. See Carmickle, 533 F.3d at 1161 n.2. Because Plaintiff failed 13 to provide adequate briefing, the court declines to consider this issue. 14 C. The ALJ did not err in finding Plaintiff’s subjective complaints not 15 entirely credible. 16 Plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred in evaluating his credibility. ECF No. 11 17 at 18. 18 An ALJ engages in a two-step analysis to determine whether a claimant’s 19 testimony regarding subjective symptoms is reliable. Tommasetti v. Astrue, 533 20 F.3d 1035, 1039 (9th Cir. 2008). First, the claimant must produce objective ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 16 1 medical evidence of an underlying impairment or impairments that could 2 reasonably be expected to produce some degree of the symptoms alleged. Id. 3 Second, if the claimant meets this threshold, and there is no affirmative evidence 4 suggesting malingering, “the ALJ can reject the claimant’s testimony about the 5 severity of his symptoms only by offering specific, clear and convincing reasons 6 for doing so.” Id. 7 In weighing a claimant’s credibility, the ALJ may consider many factors, 8 including, “(1) ordinary techniques of credibility evaluation, such as the claimant’s 9 reputation for lying, prior inconsistent statements concerning the symptoms, and 10 other testimony by the claimant that appears less than candid; (2) unexplained or 11 inadequately explained failure to seek treatment or to follow a prescribed course of 12 treatment; and (3) the claimant’s daily activities.” Smolen v. Chater, 80 F.3d 1273, 13 1284 (9th Cir. 1996). When evidence reasonably supports either confirming or 14 reversing the ALJ’s decision, the Court may not substitute its judgment for that of 15 the ALJ. Tackett v. Apfel, 180 F.3d 1094, 1098 (9th Cir. 1999). Here, the ALJ 16 found that the medically determinable impairments could reasonably be expected 17 to produce the symptoms Plaintiff alleges; however, the ALJ determined that 18 Plaintiff’s statements of intensity, persistence, and limiting effects of the symptoms 19 were not entirely consistent with the medical evidence and other evidence in the 20 record. AR 27. Specifically, the ALJ provided three reasons for rejecting Plaintiff’s ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 17 1 symptom statements: (1) “the objective medical evidence does not fully support 2 the level of limitation claimed,” AR 27; (2) the claimant’s activities are 3 inconsistent with his alleged symptoms and limitations, AR 29, 32, 33; and (3) 4 “The claimant’s pattern of non- or limited compliance detracts from his allegations 5 of ongoing pain and limitation,” AR 29. 6 1. 7 The ALJ’s first reason for rejecting Plaintiff’s symptom statements, that they Objective Medical Evidence 8 were not supported by the objective medical evidence, is not specific, clear and 9 convincing. 10 An ALJ may cite inconsistencies between a claimant’s testimony and the 11 objective medical evidence in discounting the claimant’s testimony. Bray v. 12 Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 554 F.3d 1219, 1227 (9th Cir. 2009). While it is a 13 “relevant factor in determining the severity of the claimant’s pain and its disabling 14 effects,” it cannot serve as the sole reason for rejecting a claimant’s symptom 15 statements. Rollins v. Massanari, 261 F.3d 853, 857 (9th Cir. 2001); see also 16 Lester, 81 F.3d at 834 (an ALJ may not discredit the claimant’s testimony as to 17 subjective symptoms merely because they are unsupported by objective evidence). 18 The ALJ summarized Plaintiff’s alleged symptoms, stated that “in terms of 19 the claimant’s alleged physical impairments and their corresponding symptoms, 20 the objective medical evidence does not fully support the level of limitation ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 18 1 claimed,” went through a detailed review of the medical records including provider 2 opinions, and then stated “[t]he medical records reflect improvement in the 3 claimant’s symptoms, increased activity, and a capacity that contradicts his 4 allegations of disability.” AR 27-33. In doing so, the ALJ failed to specifically 5 identify which of Plaintiff’s symptom statements were undermined by specific 6 medical evidence in the record. The Ninth Circuit has held that “general findings 7 are insufficient; rather, the ALJ must identify what testimony is not credible and 8 what evidence undermines the claimant’s complaints.” Reddick v. Chater, 157 9 F.3d 715, 722 (9th Cir. 1998). Therefore, this reason fails to rise to the specific, 10 clear and convincing standard. 11 2. 12 The ALJ’s second reason for rejecting Plaintiff’s symptom statements, that Reported Activities 13 they were not supported by Plaintiff’s reported activities, is specific, clear and 14 convincing. A claimant’s daily activities may support an adverse credibility finding 15 if (1) the claimant’s activities contradict his other testimony, or (2) “the claimant is 16 able to spend a substantial part of his day engaged in pursuits involving 17 performance of physical functions that are transferable to a work setting.” Orn v. 18 Astrue, 495 F.3d 625, 639 (9th Cir. 2007) (citing Fair v. Bowen, 885 F.2d 597, 603 19 (9th Cir. 1989)). A claimant need not be “utterly incapacitated” to be eligible for 20 benefits. Fair, 885 F.2d at 603. ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 19 1 Here, the ALJ found that Plaintiff’s reported activities contradicted his 2 allegations. First, the ALJ found that Plaintiff’s reported walking, going camping, 3 and repairing a duplex was inconsistent with his alleged inability to stand or walk 4 for five to ten minutes. AR 29. At the hearing, Plaintiff reported that he could stand 5 or walk for five or ten minutes before needing to get down and elevate the leg or 6 knee. AR 88. The ALJ found this inconsistent with a June 8, 2015 treatment record 7 in which Plaintiff appeared 30 minutes late, reporting that his friend ran out of gas 8 and he had to walk as fast as he could to the appointment. AR 29 (citing AR 754). 9 The ALJ also cited to Plaintiff’s reports that in May of 2015 he was working with 10 his cousin at a duplex doing repairs and that he had gone camping in June 2015. 11 AR 29 (citing AR 752, 760). Here, the ALJ’s reason is supported by substantial 12 evidence and meets the specific, clear and convincing standard. 13 Second, the ALJ found that Plaintiff’s reports that he could not leave his 14 house in 2015 were inconsistent with his abilities to go camping, go fishing, look 15 for jobs and volunteer opportunities, and apply to college. AR 32. Plaintiff had his 16 medications increased in June and August of 2015. AR 760, 769. By September 2, 17 2015, Plaintiff reported that he was avoiding leaving his place due to anxiety. AR 18 771. However, Plaintiff reported going camping in June 2015 and in October 2015, 19 he reported that going fishing helped him cope with his anxiety. AR 760, 780. He 20 also reported that he was going to look for jobs or volunteer opportunities that ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 20 1 involved fishing. AR 780. By April 2016 he reported he was applying to college 2 for computer programming. AR 976. Here, the inconsistencies are supported by 3 substantial evidence and meets the specific, clear and convincing standard. 4 Third, the ALJ found that the “records reflect improvement in the claimant’s 5 symptoms, increased activity, and a capacity that contradicts his allegations of 6 disability.” AR 33. To support her finding, the ALJ pointed to Plaintiff’s 7 involvement in a fishing club, walking to lose weight, living with his girlfriend, 8 and working to broaden his horizons. Id. In doing so, the ALJ failed to state how 9 these activities contradicted Plaintiff’s symptom statements. The Ninth Circuit has 10 held that “general findings are insufficient; rather, the ALJ must identify what 11 testimony is not credible and what evidence undermines the claimant’s 12 complaints.” Reddick, 157 F.3d at 722. By failing to specifically identify the 13 statements undermined by Plaintiff’s activities, the ALJ failed to meet the specific, 14 clear and convincing standard. However, the other two examples provided by the 15 ALJ are sufficient to uphold her determination. 16 3. 17 The ALJ’s third reason for rejecting Plaintiff’s symptom statements, that his Lack of Treatment 18 lack of treatment detracts from his alleged pain and limitations, is specific, clear 19 and convincing. 20 Noncompliance with medical care or unexplained or inadequately explained ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 21 1 reasons for failing to seek medical treatment cast doubt on a claimant’s subjective 2 complaints. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1530, 416.930; Fair, 885 F.2d at 603; Macri v. 3 Chater, 93 F.3d 540, 544 (9th Cir. 1996) (finding the ALJ’s decision to reject the 4 claimant’s subjective pain testimony was supported by the fact that claimant was 5 not taking pain medication). 6 Plaintiff failed to address this reason in his briefing. ECF No. 11. Therefore, 7 the court declines to consider this issue in detail and will not disturb the ALJ’s 8 decision. See Carmickle, 533 F.3d at 1161 n.2. 9 10 4. Malingering Defendant argues that the ALJ found Plaintiff to be malingering; therefore, 11 Defendant argues, the ALJ was not required to meet the specific, clear and 12 convincing standard. ECF No. 14 at 2-3. Absent affirmative evidence of 13 malingering, the ALJ is required to provide specific, clear and convincing reasons 14 to reject Plaintiff’s symptom statements. Tommasettie, 533 F.3d at 1039. 15 Defendant cites to an October 2013 hospital admission in which Dr. 16 Fontanilla characterized Plaintiff’s suicidal statements as “more of an attempt to 17 manipulate either us or the providers at the chemical dependency unit into 18 providing him with benzodiazepines.” ECF No. 14 at 3 (citing AR 334). However, 19 the ALJ did not find affirmative evidence of malingering or identify this encounter 20 with hospital staff as evidence of malingering. Therefore, this amounts to a post ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 22 1 hoc rationalization which the Court will not consider. See Orn, 495 F.3d at 630 2 (the court will “review only the reasons provided by the ALJ in the disability 3 determination and may not affirm the ALJ on a ground upon which he [or she] did 4 not rely.”). 5 In conclusion, the ALJ provided specific, clear and convincing reasons to 6 support her determination that Plaintiff’s symptom statements were unreliable. See 7 Carmickle, 533 F.3d at 1163 (upholding an adverse credibility finding where the 8 ALJ provided four reasons to discredit the claimant, two of which were invalid); 9 Batson v. Comm’r, Soc. Sec. Admin., 359 F.3d 1190, 1197 (9th Cir. 2004) 10 (affirming a credibility finding where one of several reasons was unsupported by 11 the record); Tommasetti, 533 F.3d at 1038 (an error is harmless when “it is clear 12 from the record that the . . . error was inconsequential to the ultimate nondisability 13 determination”). 14 D. The ALJ did not err at step five. 15 Plaintiff challenged the ALJ’s step five determination by asserting that the 16 hypothetical presented to the vocational expert was incomplete because it did not 17 account for the limitations opined by Dr. Hornell, Dr. Moon, Dr. Marks, and Dr. 18 Genthe. ECF No. 11 at 21-23. As addressed above, the ALJ provided legally 19 sufficient reasons for rejecting these opinions. Therefore, the ALJ did not err in her 20 step five determination. ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 23 1 Plaintiff’s heading to this argument asserts that the evidence submitted to the 2 Appeals Council shows that the ALJ failed to meet her burden at step five. ECF 3 No. 11 at 21. However, nothing in the body of the argument discuses evidence 4 submitted to the Appeals Council that was not already before the ALJ. Id. at 21-23. 5 Therefore, this Court will not consider the issue. See Carmickle, 533 F.3d at 1165. 6 VIII. Conclusion 7 Having reviewed the record and the ALJ’s findings, the Court finds the 8 ALJ’s decision is supported by substantial evidence and is free from harmful legal 9 error. Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED: 10 1. Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment, ECF No. 11, is DENIED. 11 2. Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment, ECF No. 14, is 12 GRANTED. 13 3. Judgment shall be entered in favor of Defendant and the file shall be 14 CLOSED. 15 IT IS SO ORDERED. The District Court Executive is directed to enter this 16 17 18 19 Order, forward copies to counsel and close the file. DATED this 25th day of September, 2019. s/Robert H. Whaley ROBERT H. WHALEY Senior United States District Judge 20 ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 24

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