Kelley v. Saul, No. 1:2019cv03262 - Document 17 (E.D. Wash. 2020)

Court Description: ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF'S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT. Plaintiff's Motion for Summary Judgment (ECF No. 13 ) is GRANTED. Defendant's Motion for Summary Judgment (ECF No. 15 ) is DENIED. The Court shall enter JUDGMENT in favor of P laintiff REVERSING and REMANDING the matter to the Commissioner of Social Security for further proceedings consistent with this Order pursuant to sentence four of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). The file is CLOSED. Signed by Chief Judge Thomas O. Rice. (LLH, Courtroom Deputy)

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Kelley v. Saul Doc. 17 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.931 Page 1 of 30 1 2 3 4 5 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON 6 7 YESENIA K., NO. 1:19-CV-3262-TOR Plaintiff, 8 v. 9 10 ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ANDREW M. SAUL, Commissioner of Social Security, 11 Defendant. 12 13 BEFORE THE COURT are the parties’ cross-motions for summary 14 judgment (ECF Nos. 13 and 15). Plaintiff is represented by D. James Tree. 15 Defendant is represented by Kathryn Miller. This matter was submitted for 16 consideration without oral argument. The Court has reviewed the administrative 17 record and the parties’ completed briefing and is fully informed. For the reasons 18 discussed below, the Court GRANTS Plaintiff’s motion and DENIES Defendant’s 19 motion. 20 ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 1 Dockets.Justia.com Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR 1 2 3 4 5 ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.932 Page 2 of 30 JURISDICTION The Court has jurisdiction over this case pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §§ 405(g), 1383(c)(3). STANDARD OF REVIEW A district court’s review of a final decision of the Commissioner of Social 6 Security is governed by 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). The scope of review under § 405(g) is 7 limited: the Commissioner’s decision will be disturbed “only if it is not supported 8 by substantial evidence or is based on legal error.” Hill v. Astrue, 698 F.3d 1153, 9 1158-59 (9th Cir. 2012) (citing 42 U.S.C. § 405(g)). “Substantial evidence” means 10 relevant evidence that “a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a 11 conclusion.” Id. at 1159 (quotation and citation omitted). Stated differently, 12 substantial evidence equates to “more than a mere scintilla[,] but less than a 13 preponderance.” Id. (quotation and citation omitted). In determining whether this 14 standard has been satisfied, a reviewing court must consider the entire record as a 15 whole rather than searching for supporting evidence in isolation. Id. 16 In reviewing a denial of benefits, a district court may not substitute its 17 judgment for that of the Commissioner. Edlund v. Massanari, 253 F.3d 1152, 18 1156 (9th Cir. 2001). If the evidence in the record “is susceptible to more than one 19 rational interpretation, [the court] must uphold the ALJ’s findings if they are 20 supported by inferences reasonably drawn from the record.” Molina v. Astrue, 674 ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 2 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.933 Page 3 of 30 1 F.3d 1104, 1111 (9th Cir. 2012). Further, a district court “may not reverse an 2 ALJ’s decision on account of an error that is harmless.” Id. An error is harmless 3 “where it is inconsequential to the [ALJ’s] ultimate nondisability determination.” 4 Id. at 1115 (quotation and citation omitted). The party appealing the ALJ’s 5 decision generally bears the burden of establishing that it was harmed. Shinseki v. 6 Sanders, 556 U.S. 396, 409-10 (2009). 7 8 9 FIVE STEP SEQUENTIAL EVALUATION PROCESS A claimant must satisfy two conditions to be considered “disabled” within the meaning of the Social Security Act. First, the claimant must be “unable to 10 engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable 11 physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which 12 has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than twelve 13 months.” 42 U.S.C. §§ 423(d)(1)(A), 1382c(a)(3)(A). Second, the claimant’s 14 impairment must be “of such severity that [he or she] is not only unable to do [his 15 or her] previous work[,] but cannot, considering [his or her] age, education, and 16 work experience, engage in any other kind of substantial gainful work which exists 17 in the national economy.” 42 U.S.C. §§ 423(d)(2)(A), 1382c(a)(3)(B). 18 The Commissioner has established a five-step sequential analysis to 19 determine whether a claimant satisfies the above criteria. See 20 C.F.R. § 20 416.920(a)(4)(i)-(v). At step one, the Commissioner considers the claimant’s work ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 3 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.934 Page 4 of 30 1 activity. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(a)(4)(i). If the claimant is engaged in “substantial 2 gainful activity,” the Commissioner must find that the claimant is not disabled. 20 3 C.F.R. § 416.920(b). 4 If the claimant is not engaged in substantial gainful activities, the analysis 5 proceeds to step two. At this step, the Commissioner considers the severity of the 6 claimant’s impairment. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(a)(4)(ii). If the claimant suffers from 7 “any impairment or combination of impairments which significantly limits [his or 8 her] physical or mental ability to do basic work activities,” the analysis proceeds to 9 step three. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(c). If the claimant’s impairment does not satisfy 10 this severity threshold, however, the Commissioner must find that the claimant is 11 not disabled. Id. 12 At step three, the Commissioner compares the claimant’s impairment to 13 several impairments recognized by the Commissioner to be so severe as to 14 preclude a person from engaging in substantial gainful activity. 20 C.F.R. § 15 416.920(a)(4)(iii). If the impairment is as severe or more severe than one of the 16 enumerated impairments, the Commissioner must find the claimant disabled and 17 award benefits. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(d). 18 If the severity of the claimant’s impairment does meet or exceed the severity 19 of the enumerated impairments, the Commissioner must pause to assess the 20 claimant’s “residual functional capacity.” Residual functional capacity (“RFC”), ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 4 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.935 Page 5 of 30 1 defined generally as the claimant’s ability to perform physical and mental work 2 activities on a sustained basis despite his or her limitations (20 C.F.R. § 3 416.945(a)(1)), is relevant to both the fourth and fifth steps of the analysis. 4 At step four, the Commissioner considers whether, in view of the claimant’s 5 RFC, the claimant is capable of performing work that he or she has performed in 6 the past (“past relevant work”). 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(a)(4)(iv). If the claimant is 7 capable of performing past relevant work, the Commissioner must find that the 8 claimant is not disabled. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(f). If the claimant is incapable of 9 performing such work, the analysis proceeds to step five. 10 At step five, the Commissioner considers whether, in view of the claimant’s 11 RFC, the claimant is capable of performing other work in the national economy. 12 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(a)(4)(v). In making this determination, the Commissioner 13 must also consider vocational factors such as the claimant’s age, education and 14 work experience. Id. If the claimant is capable of adjusting to other work, the 15 Commissioner must find that the claimant is not disabled. 20 C.F.R. § 16 416.920(g)(1). If the claimant is not capable of adjusting to other work, the 17 analysis concludes with a finding that the claimant is disabled and is therefore 18 entitled to benefits. Id. 19 20 The claimant bears the burden of proof at steps one through four above. Tackett v. Apfel, 180 F.3d 1094, 1098 (9th Cir. 1999). If the analysis proceeds to ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 5 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.936 Page 6 of 30 1 step five, the burden shifts to the Commissioner to establish that (1) the claimant is 2 capable of performing other work; and (2) such work “exists in significant 3 numbers in the national economy.” 20 C.F.R. § 416.960(c)(2); Beltran v. Astrue, 4 700 F.3d 386, 389 (9th Cir. 2012). 5 6 ALJ’S FINDINGS On March 4, 2017, Plaintiff filed an application for Title XVI supplemental 7 security income benefits, alleging a disability onset date of January 1, 2010. Tr. 8 169-77. The application was denied initially, Tr. 106-14, and on reconsideration, 9 Tr. 118-24. Plaintiff appeared at a hearing before an administrative law judge 10 (“ALJ”) on October 4, 2018. Tr. 38-67. On November 28, 2018, the ALJ denied 11 Plaintiff’s claim. Tr. 12-31. 12 At step one of the sequential evaluation analysis, the ALJ found Plaintiff had 13 not engaged in substantial gainful activity since March 4, 2017, the application 14 date. Tr. 17. At step two, the ALJ found Plaintiff had the following severe 15 impairments: PTSD, personality disorder, major depressive disorder, and mild 16 intellectual disability. Id. At step three, the ALJ found Plaintiff did not have an 17 impairment or combination of impairments that meets or medically equals the 18 severity of a listed impairment. Tr. 18. The ALJ then found Plaintiff had the RFC 19 to perform a full range of work at all exertional limits but with the following 20 nonexertional limitations: ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 6 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR 1 2 3 4 ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.937 Page 7 of 30 [S]he can understand and remember 1-3 step instructions, standard work-like procedures and regular work locations; has sufficient concentration, persistence, or pace to complete simple, routine tasks in two-hour increments for a normal workday and workweek with normal breaks; can work at a regular but not fast production pace; should have only brief superficial interactions with coworkers and the public; should not be required to work as part of a team; is able to accept supervision; can adapt to normal, routine changes in the workplace. 5 6 Tr. 20. 7 At step four, the ALJ found Plaintiff was not capable of performing past 8 relevant work. Tr. 25. At step five, the ALJ found that, considering Plaintiff’s 9 age, education, work experience, RFC, and testimony from a vocational expert, 10 there were other jobs that existed in significant numbers in the national economy 11 that Plaintiff could perform, such as laundry laborer, industrial sweeper/cleaner, 12 and hand packager. Tr. 26. The ALJ concluded that Plaintiff was not under a 13 disability, as defined in the Social Security Act, from March 4, 2017, through 14 November 28, 2018, the date of the ALJ’s decision. Tr. 27. 15 On September 10, 2019, the Appeals Council denied review, Tr. 1-6, making 16 the ALJ’s decision the Commissioner’s final decision for purposes of judicial 17 review. See 42 U.S.C. § 1383(c)(3). 18 19 20 ISSUES Plaintiff seeks judicial review of the Commissioner’s final decision denying her supplemental security income benefits under Title XVI of the Social Security ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 7 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR 1 ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.938 Page 8 of 30 Act. Plaintiff raises the following issues for this Court’s review: 2 1. Whether the ALJ properly weighed Plaintiff’s symptom testimony; 3 2. Whether the ALJ properly weighed the medical opinion evidence; and 4 3. Whether the ALJ properly evaluated the Listing of Impairments. 5 ECF No. 13 at 2. 6 7 8 9 10 DISCUSSION A. Plaintiff’s Symptom Testimony Plaintiff contends the ALJ failed to rely on clear and convincing reasons to discredit her symptom testimony. ECF No. 13 at 17-21. An ALJ engages in a two-step analysis to determine whether to discount a 11 claimant’s testimony regarding subjective symptoms. SSR 16-3p, 2016 WL 12 1119029, at *2. “First, the ALJ must determine whether there is ‘objective 13 medical evidence of an underlying impairment which could reasonably be 14 expected to produce the pain or other symptoms alleged.’” Molina, 674 F.3d at 15 1112 (quoting Vasquez v. Astrue, 572 F.3d 586, 591 (9th Cir. 2009)). “The 16 claimant is not required to show that [the claimant’s] impairment ‘could reasonably 17 be expected to cause the severity of the symptom [the claimant] has alleged; [the 18 claimant] need only show that it could reasonably have caused some degree of the 19 symptom.’” Vasquez, 572 F.3d at 591 (quoting Lingenfelter v. Astrue, 504 F.3d 20 1028, 1035-36 (9th Cir. 2007)). ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 8 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR 1 ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.939 Page 9 of 30 Second, “[i]f the claimant meets the first test and there is no evidence of 2 malingering, the ALJ can only reject the claimant’s testimony about the severity of 3 the symptoms if [the ALJ] gives ‘specific, clear and convincing reasons’ for the 4 rejection.” Ghanim v. Colvin, 763 F.3d 1154, 1163 (9th Cir. 2014) (citations 5 omitted). General findings are insufficient; rather, the ALJ must identify what 6 symptom claims are being discounted and what evidence undermines these claims. 7 Id. (quoting Lester v. Chater, 81 F.3d 821, 834 (9th Cir. 1995)); Thomas v. 8 Barnhart, 278 F.3d 947, 958 (9th Cir. 2002) (requiring the ALJ to sufficiently 9 explain why he or she discounted claimant’s symptom claims). “The clear and 10 convincing [evidence] standard is the most demanding required in Social Security 11 cases.” Garrison v. Colvin, 759 F.3d 995, 1015 (9th Cir. 2014) (quoting Moore v. 12 Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 278 F.3d 920, 924 (9th Cir. 2002)). 13 Factors to be considered in evaluating the intensity, persistence, and limiting 14 effects of a claimant’s symptoms include: (1) daily activities; (2) the location, 15 duration, frequency, and intensity of pain or other symptoms; (3) factors that 16 precipitate and aggravate the symptoms; (4) the type, dosage, effectiveness, and 17 side effects of any medication an individual takes or has taken to alleviate pain or 18 other symptoms; (5) treatment, other than medication, an individual receives or has 19 received for relief of pain or other symptoms; (6) any measures other than 20 treatment an individual uses or has used to relieve pain or other symptoms; and (7) ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 9 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.940 Page 10 of 30 1 any other factors concerning an individual’s functional limitations and restrictions 2 due to pain or other symptoms. SSR 16-3p, 2016 WL 1119029, at *7-*8; 20 3 C.F.R. § 416.929(c). The ALJ is instructed to “consider all of the evidence in an 4 individual’s record,” “to determine how symptoms limit ability to perform work- 5 related activities.” SSR 16-3p, 2016 WL 1119029, at *2. 6 The ALJ found Plaintiff’s impairments could reasonably be expected to 7 cause the alleged symptoms; however, Plaintiff’s statements concerning the 8 intensity, persistence, and limiting effects of those symptoms were not entirely 9 consistent with the evidence. Tr. 21. 10 1. Improvement with Treatment 11 The ALJ found Plaintiff’s symptom testimony was less reliable because it 12 was inconsistent with evidence that showed Plaintiff’s symptoms improved when 13 she was compliant with treatment. Tr. 22-23. The effectiveness of treatment is a 14 relevant factor in determining the severity of a claimant’s symptoms. 20 C.F.R. § 15 416.929(c)(3); Warre v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 439 F.3d 1001, 1006 (9th 16 Cir. 2006) (determining that conditions effectively controlled with medication are 17 not disabling for purposes of determining eligibility for benefits); Tommasetti v. 18 Astrue, 533 F.3d 1035, 1040 (9th Cir. 2008) (recognizing that a favorable response 19 to treatment can undermine a claimant’s complaints of debilitating pain or other 20 severe limitations). Here, the ALJ noted that Plaintiff’s mental health conditions ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 10 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.941 Page 11 of 30 1 showed signs of improvement when she was compliant with medications and 2 attending counseling. Tr. 22; see Tr. 454 (May 18, 2017: Plaintiff’s mood 3 symptoms were well-controlled with medication); Tr. 590 (July 20, 2017: 4 Plaintiff’s mood disorder symptoms and nightmares resolved with medication); Tr. 5 627 (October 11, 2017: Plaintiff’s counselor reported Plaintiff was “making 6 tremendous progress” after six months of counseling). Plaintiff challenges the 7 ALJ’s conclusion by noting that Plaintiff reported excessive daytime sleepiness 8 with medication and that she continued to exhibit poor judgment. ECF No. 13 at 9 19 (citing Tr. 454-55, 586-87). However, the record indicates that Plaintiff’s 10 daytime fatigue “resolved completely” with a medication adjustment. Tr. 581. 11 Additionally, where evidence is subject to more than one rational interpretation, 12 the ALJ’s conclusion will be upheld. Burch v. Barnhart, 400 F.3d 676, 679 (9th 13 Cir. 2005). The ALJ reasonably concluded that Plaintiff’s symptoms showed 14 improvement with treatment. Tr. 22. This finding is supported by substantial 15 evidence. 16 2. Failure to Follow Treatment Recommendations 17 The ALJ found Plaintiff’s symptom testimony was less reliable because 18 Plaintiff failed to comply with recommended treatment. Tr. 22-23. In order to 19 obtain benefits, a claimant generally must follow prescribed treatment if the 20 treatment is expected to restore the claimant’s ability to work. 20 C.F.R. § ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 11 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.942 Page 12 of 30 1 416.930(a). “A claimant’s subjective symptom testimony may be undermined by 2 an unexplained, or inadequately explained, failure to . . . follow a prescribed course 3 of treatment.” Trevizo v. Berryhill, 871 F.3d 664, 679 (9th Cir. 2017) (internal 4 quotations and citations omitted). Failure to assert a reason for not following 5 treatment “can cast doubt on the sincerity of the claimant’s [symptom] testimony.” 6 Id. 7 Here, the ALJ noted that despite evidence of improvement with treatment, 8 Plaintiff discontinued her psychiatric medication and stopped attending counseling 9 against medical advice. Tr. 23; see Tr. 552 (January 23, 2018: Plaintiff reported 10 self-discontinuing prazosin one month ago and reported sleeping well without it); 11 Tr. 545 (February 27, 2018: Plaintiff did not appear for four doctor appointments 12 and reported she had “done fine” since discontinuing her medications); Tr. 543 13 (March 1, 2018: Plaintiff reported she had not taken her medications since her 14 January 22, 2018 overdose); Tr. 542 (April 2, 2018: Plaintiff withdrew from 15 therapy “because life is too stressful and she hasn’t taken her medication since she 16 overdosed anyway”). Plaintiff argues that she withdrew from treatment due to 17 medication side effects. ECF No. 13 at 19-20. However, as noted supra, the 18 record indicated Plaintiff’s excessive fatigue resolved with a medication 19 adjustment. Tr. 581. The ALJ reasonably concluded that Plaintiff’s withdrawal 20 from treatment along with her assertions that she was fine were inconsistent with ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 12 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.943 Page 13 of 30 1 her symptom allegations. Tr. 23. This finding is supported by substantial 2 evidence. 3 3. Lack of Supporting Evidence 4 The ALJ found Plaintiff’s symptom testimony was not supported by the 5 evidence. Tr. 23. An ALJ may not discredit a claimant’s symptom testimony and 6 deny benefits solely because the degree of the symptoms alleged is not supported 7 by objective medical evidence. Rollins v. Massanari, 261 F.3d 853, 857 (9th Cir. 8 2001); Bunnell v. Sullivan, 947 F.2d 341, 346-47 (9th Cir. 1991). However, the 9 objective medical evidence is a relevant factor, along with the medical source’s 10 information about the claimant’s pain or other symptoms, in determining the 11 severity of a claimant’s symptoms and their disabling effects. Rollins, 261 F.3d at 12 857; 20 C.F.R. § 416.929(c)(2). Mental status examinations are objective 13 measures of an individual’s mental health. Buck v. Berryhill, 869 F.3d 1040, 1049 14 (9th Cir. 2017). Here, the ALJ noted that Plaintiff frequently presented with 15 normal mood, affect, judgment, and insight on her mental status examinations. Tr. 16 23; see Tr. 710 (October 31, 2017: judgment and insight intact, mood normal, 17 affect appropriate); Tr. 717 (November 6, 2017: same); Tr. 723 (November 17, 18 2017: grossly oriented to person, place, and time; attention and concentration 19 mildly decreased); Tr. 732 (March 1, 2018: judgment and insight intact, mood 20 normal, affect appropriate); Tr. 736 (March 16, 2018: same); Tr. 745 (July 19, ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 13 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.944 Page 14 of 30 1 2018: same). The ALJ reasonably concluded that this evidence was inconsistent 2 with Plaintiff’s allegations of disabling mental health conditions. Tr. 23. This 3 finding is supported by substantial evidence. 4 The ALJ also found that Plaintiff’s specific allegation of difficulty 5 interacting with authority figures was not supported by the evidence. Tr. 23. The 6 ALJ noted that Plaintiff reported that she “only [has] difficulty getting along with 7 authority figures who were strict.” Tr. 23 (citing Tr. 214 (it varies on how strict 8 the authority is)). The ALJ considered evidence that Plaintiff was arrested in 2018 9 on an outstanding warrant after she “got mouthy and wouldn’t shut up” when 10 interacting with police. Tr. 23 (citing Tr. 560). The ALJ concluded that Plaintiff’s 11 alleged difficulty interacting with authority figures was not supported because 12 “[t]his was the only report of [Plaintiff] having difficulty interacting with law 13 enforcement during the period at issue.” Tr. 23. The ALJ accounted for this 14 difficulty by limiting her RFC to brief superficial interactions with the public and 15 coworkers and restricting her from jobs involving teamwork. No error has been 16 shown. 17 4. Work History 18 The ALJ found Plaintiff’s symptom testimony was less reliable in light of 19 Plaintiff’s sporadic work history. Tr. 21. Evidence of a poor work history that 20 suggests a claimant is not motivated to work is a permissible reason to discredit a ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 14 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.945 Page 15 of 30 1 claimant’s testimony that she is unable to work. Thomas, 278 F.3d at 959; 20 2 C.F.R. § 416.929(c)(3). When considering a claimant’s contention that he cannot 3 work because of his impairments, it is appropriate to consider whether the claimant 4 has not worked for reasons unrelated to his alleged disability. See Tommasetti, 533 5 F.3d at 1040; Bruton v. Massanari, 268 F.3d 824, 828 (9th Cir. 2001) (sufficient 6 reasons for disregarding subjective testimony included stopping work for 7 nonmedical reasons). Here, the ALJ noted that Plaintiff had a sporadic work 8 history and left past work for reasons unrelated to disability. Tr. 21; see Tr. 179-80 9 (Plaintiff’s earnings history); Tr. 201 (Plaintiff reported that her past work ended 10 because of her medical conditions and for other reasons); Tr. 823 (July 25, 2013: 11 Plaintiff reported that she could not maintain full-time work because she was 12 pregnant and there were no jobs in her town); Tr. 338 (Plaintiff did not become 13 sober until late 2016). The ALJ concluded that Plaintiff’s poor employment 14 history before her alleged disability onset date was attributable to factors other than 15 disability. Tr. 21. 16 While it is true that benefits in this case would not be payable prior to 17 Plaintiff’s filing date in March 2017, Plaintiff alleged that her conditions became 18 disabling on January 1, 2010. Tr. 15; see Tr. 169. The ALJ noted the difference 19 between these dates and considered the full record, specifically noting that 20 Plaintiff’s alleged disability onset date was in 2010. Tr. 15. Accordingly, the ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 15 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.946 Page 16 of 30 1 evidence cited by the ALJ from after Plaintiff’s alleged onset date cannot provide 2 substantial evidence to support the ALJ’s finding that Plaintiff had a sporadic work 3 history prior to her alleged onset date. The ALJ’s observation that Plaintiff had a 4 sporadic work history during a period in which she alleged she was disabled, even 5 if benefits were not payable at the time, does not provide clear and convincing 6 reason to discredit her symptom testimony. However, the ALJ’s other observation, 7 that Plaintiff attributed her inability to work to factors other than her impairments, 8 is supported by substantial evidence. 9 10 5. Inconsistent Statements The ALJ found Plaintiff’s symptom testimony was less reliable because the 11 evidence showed Plaintiff made inconsistent statements regarding her impairments. 12 Tr. 22. In evaluating a claimant’s symptom claims, an ALJ may consider the 13 consistency of an individual’s own statements made in connection with the 14 disability-review process with any other existing statements or conduct under other 15 circumstances. Smolen v. Chater, 80 F.3d 1273, 1284 (9th Cir. 1996). “A single 16 discrepancy fails, however, to justify the wholesale dismissal of a claimant’s 17 testimony.” Popa v. Berryhill, 872 F.3d 901, 906-07 (9th Cir. 2017). Here, the 18 ALJ noted that Plaintiff inconsistently reported the reason that she lost her job at 19 Ponderosa. Tr. 22; compare Tr. 48 (Plaintiff testified that she quit this job because 20 she was being sexually harassed) with Tr. 543 (Plaintiff told her counselor that she ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 16 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.947 Page 17 of 30 1 lost this job because she was incarcerated for two days). The ALJ reasonably 2 concluded that these statements were inconsistent. Tr. 22. However, this single 3 inconsistency, neither of which attribute losing her job to a disability, is 4 insufficient to discredit Plaintiff’s symptom allegations generally. Popa, 872 F.3d 5 at 906-07. This was not a clear and convincing reason to discredit Plaintiff’s 6 symptom testimony. 7 6. Situational Stressors 8 The ALJ found Plaintiff’s symptom testimony was less reliable because of 9 the number of situational stressors Plaintiff reported in the record. Tr. 22. If a 10 claimant suffers from limitations that are transient and result from situational 11 stressors, as opposed to resulting from a medical impairment, an ALJ may properly 12 consider this fact in discounting Plaintiff’s symptom claims. See Chesler v. 13 Colvin, 649 F. App’x 631, 632 (9th Cir. 2016) (symptom testimony properly 14 rejected in part because “the record support[ed] the ALJ’s conclusion that 15 [plaintiff’s] mental health symptoms were situational”). An ALJ may reasonably 16 find a claimant’s symptom testimony less credible where the evidence “squarely 17 support[s]” a finding that the claimant’s limitations are attributable to situational 18 stressors rather than impairments. Wright v. Colvin, No. 13-CV-3068-TOR, 2014 19 WL 3729142, at *5 (E.D. Wash. July 25, 2014) (“Plaintiff testified that she would 20 likely be able to maintain full-time employment but for the ‘overwhelming’ stress ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 17 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.948 Page 18 of 30 1 caused by caring for her family members”). However, “because mental health 2 conditions may presumably cause strained personal relations or other life stressors, 3 the Court is not inclined to opine that one has caused the other based only on the 4 fact that they occur simultaneously.” Brendan J. G. v. Comm’r, Soc. Sec. Admin., 5 No. 6:17-CV-742-SI, 2018 WL 3090200, at *7 (D. Or. June 20, 2018) (emphasis in 6 original). 7 Here, the ALJ found that Plaintiff’s counseling notes largely documented 8 Plaintiff’s issues with interpersonal relationships and moving back and forth 9 between a boyfriend’s home and her mother’s home rather than documenting 10 reports of specific symptom complaints of depression and PTSD. Tr. 22; see Tr. 11 596 (June 22, 2017: Plaintiff’s therapy session focused on intimate relationship 12 addiction); Tr. 594 (June 27, 2017: Plaintiff’s therapy session focused on trauma 13 history and Plaintiff’s unstable housing); Tr. 574 (October 4, 2017: Plaintiff’s 14 therapy session focused on her relationship with her boyfriend); Tr. 568 (October 15 20, 2017: Plaintiff’s therapy session focused on her relationship with her boyfriend 16 and her unstable housing situation); Tr. 558 (January 19, 2018: Plaintiff’s therapy 17 session focused on her relationship with her boyfriend); Tr. 602 (January 22, 2018: 18 Plaintiff reported overdosing because her boyfriend kicked her out of his house). 19 Substantial evidence supports the existence of situational stressors in the record. 20 However, this record does not “squarely support” a finding that Plaintiff’s ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 18 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.949 Page 19 of 30 1 limitations are attributable to those situational stressors instead of mental 2 impairments, as opposed to a finding that her impairments and situational stressors 3 are interrelated. Accordingly, this was not a clear and convincing reason to 4 discredit Plaintiff’s symptom testimony. 5 7. Daily Activities 6 The ALJ found Plaintiff’s symptom testimony was inconsistent with her 7 reported daily activities. Tr. 23-24. The ALJ may consider a claimant’s activities 8 that undermine reported symptoms. Rollins, 261 F.3d at 857. If a claimant can 9 spend a substantial part of the day engaged in pursuits involving the performance 10 of exertional or non-exertional functions, the ALJ may find these activities 11 inconsistent with the reported disabling symptoms. Fair v. Bowen, 885 F.2d 597, 12 603 (9th Cir. 1989); Molina, 674 F.3d at 1113. “While a claimant need not 13 vegetate in a dark room in order to be eligible for benefits, the ALJ may discount a 14 claimant’s symptom claims when the claimant reports participation in everyday 15 activities indicating capacities that are transferable to a work setting” or when 16 activities “contradict claims of a totally debilitating impairment.” Molina, 674 17 F.3d at 1112-13. Additionally, the ability to care for others without help has been 18 considered an activity that may undermine claims of totally disabling pain. 19 Rollins, 261 F.3d at 857. However, if the care activities are to serve as a basis for 20 the ALJ to discredit the Plaintiff’s symptom claims, the record must identify the ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 19 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.950 Page 20 of 30 1 nature, scope, and duration of the care involved and this care must be more than a 2 “one-off event.” Trevizo, 871 F.3d at 675-76. 3 Here, the ALJ noted that Plaintiff’s daily activities included caring for her 4 children part-time with assistance from her mother; spending time with family; 5 preparing food once for a Cinco de Mayo celebration; making jewelry, blankets, 6 and cakes in her spare time; driving and riding in cars; listening to music; going to 7 the movies when she could afford it; eating out once per week; shopping in stores 8 once per month; and performing household chores once per week. Tr. 23-24; see 9 Tr. 44-46, 51-55, 209-13, 348, 380, 485, 545, 584. The ALJ concluded that these 10 activities were inconsistent with Plaintiff’s alleged limitations and generally 11 suggested Plaintiff could perform simple work and tolerate superficial interactions 12 with others. Tr. 24. However, the ALJ failed to identify any specific limitation 13 that Plaintiff alleged which was inconsistent with such limited activities as 14 performing chores once per week, shopping once per month, or preparing food on 15 one occasion. Id. Additionally, the ALJ’s finding relies generally on the types of 16 limited personal activities that the Ninth Circuit has found are not inherently 17 inconsistent with disability when they do not consume a substantial portion of the 18 claimant’s day. Vertigan v. Halter, 260 F.3d 1044, 1050 (9th Cir. 2001) (“This 19 court has repeatedly asserted that the mere fact that a plaintiff has carried on 20 certain daily activities, such as grocery shopping, driving a car, or limited walking ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 20 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.951 Page 21 of 30 1 for exercise, does not in any way detract from her credibility as to her overall 2 disability.”). Moreover, the ALJ did not identify any specific childcare activity 3 that Plaintiff performed or explain how Plaintiff’s ability to care for her children 4 part-time and with her mother’s assistance supported a finding that Plaintiff could 5 perform full-time simple work in a competitive setting. Tr. 24; see Trevizo, 871 6 F.3d at 675-76. Plaintiff’s daily activities do not provide clear and convincing 7 reason, supported by substantial evidence, to discredit her symptom testimony. 8 8. Harmless Error 9 Defendant contends that any error the ALJ made in evaluating Plaintiff’s 10 symptom testimony is harmless. ECF No. 15 at 19-20. A district court “may not 11 reverse an ALJ’s decision on account of an error that is harmless.” Molina, 674 12 F.3d at 1111. An error is harmless “where it is inconsequential to the [ALJ’s] 13 ultimate nondisability determination.” Id. at 1115 (quotation and citation omitted). 14 An ALJ’s error in evaluating a claimant’s symptom testimony may be harmless 15 where the ALJ provides other reasons, supported by substantial evidence, to 16 discredit the claimant’s testimony. Carmickle v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 533 17 F.3d 1155, 1162-63 (9th Cir. 2008). “[T]he relevant inquiry in this context … is 18 whether the ALJ’s decision remains legally valid, despite such error.” Id. at 1162. 19 Here, although the ALJ provided some legally valid reasons to discredit Plaintiff’s 20 symptom testimony, many of the ALJ’s findings were not legally valid or ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 21 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.952 Page 22 of 30 1 supported by substantial evidence. The ALJ’s errors are so pervasive that this 2 Court cannot conclude that they were inconsequential to the ultimate nondisability 3 decision. Molina, 674 F.3d at 1115. Accordingly, the ALJ’s errors are not 4 harmless and the ALJ is instructed to reconsider Plaintiff’s symptom testimony on 5 remand. 6 7 8 9 B. Medical Opinion Evidence Plaintiff challenges the ALJ’s evaluation of the medical opinion of treating therapist Debbie Miller, LMFT. ECF No. 13 at 10-17. There are three types of physicians: “(1) those who treat the claimant 10 (treating physicians); (2) those who examine but do not treat the claimant 11 (examining physicians); and (3) those who neither examine nor treat the claimant 12 [but who review the claimant's file] (nonexamining [or reviewing] physicians).” 13 Holohan v. Massanari, 246 F.3d 1195, 1201-02 (9th Cir. 2001) (citations omitted). 14 Generally, the opinion of a treating physician carries more weight than the opinion 15 of an examining physician, and the opinion of an examining physician carries more 16 weight than the opinion of a reviewing physician. Id. In addition, the 17 Commissioner’s regulations give more weight to opinions that are explained than 18 to opinions that are not, and to the opinions of specialists on matters relating to 19 their area of expertise over the opinions of non-specialists. Id. (citations omitted). 20 ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 22 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR 1 ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.953 Page 23 of 30 If a treating or examining physician’s opinion is uncontradicted, an ALJ may 2 reject it only by offering “clear and convincing reasons that are supported by 3 substantial evidence.” Bayliss v. Barnhart, 427 F.3d 1211, 1216 (9th Cir. 2005). 4 “However, the ALJ need not accept the opinion of any physician, including a 5 treating physician, if that opinion is brief, conclusory and inadequately supported 6 by clinical findings.” Bray v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 554 F.3d 1219, 1228 7 (9th Cir. 2009) (internal quotation marks and brackets omitted). “If a treating or 8 examining doctor’s opinion is contradicted by another doctor’s opinion, an ALJ 9 may only reject it by providing specific and legitimate reasons that are supported 10 by substantial evidence.” Id. (citing Lester, 81 F.3d at 830-831). The opinion of a 11 nonexamining physician may serve as substantial evidence if it is supported by 12 other independent evidence in the record. Andrews v. Shalala, 53 F.3d 1035, 1041 13 (9th Cir. 1995). 14 The opinion of an acceptable medical source such as a physician or 15 psychologist is different from that of a non-acceptable medical source. 20 C.F.R. § 16 416.927(f)(1).1 A therapist is not an acceptable medical source. 20 C.F.R. § 17 18 1 Because Plaintiff’s application for benefits was filed on March 4, 2017, the 19 regulations governing claims filed before March 27, 2017 apply to this case. 20 20 C.F.R. § 416.325. ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 23 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.954 Page 24 of 30 1 416.902(a). The ALJ is required to consider the opinions of non-acceptable 2 medical sources. 20 C.F.R. § 416.927(c). The factors used to weigh the opinion of 3 a non-acceptable medical source are the same as those used to weigh the opinion of 4 an acceptable medical source, although not every factor will apply in every case. 5 20 C.F.R. § 416.927(c)(1)-(6), (f)(1). The ALJ is only required to provide germane 6 reasons to reject the opinion of an “other source,” including that of a non- 7 acceptable medical source. Popa, 872 F.3d at 906 (citing Molina, 674 F.3d at 8 1111). 9 On February 1, 2018, Ms. Miller, Plaintiff’s treating therapist, opined 10 Plaintiff had moderate limitation in her ability to remember locations and work- 11 like procedures; moderate limitation in her ability to understand and remember 12 very short and simple instructions; marked limitation in her ability to understand 13 and remember detailed instructions; marked limitation in her ability to carry out 14 detailed instructions; moderate limitation in her ability to maintain attention and 15 concentration for extended periods; marked limitation in her ability to perform 16 activities within a schedule, maintain regular attendance and be punctual within 17 customary tolerances; moderate limitation in her ability to work in coordination 18 with or proximity to others without being distracted by them; moderate limitation 19 in her ability to make simple work-related decisions; moderate limitation in her 20 ability to complete a normal workday and workweek without interruptions from ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 24 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.955 Page 25 of 30 1 psychologically based symptoms and to perform at a consistent pace without an 2 unreasonable number and length of rest periods; marked limitation in her ability to 3 accept instructions and respond appropriately to criticism of supervisors; moderate 4 limitation in her ability to get along with coworkers or peers without distracting 5 them or exhibiting behavioral extremes; moderate limitation in her ability to 6 respond appropriately to changes in the work setting; moderate limitation in her 7 ability to be aware of normal hazards and take appropriate precautions; severe 8 limitation in her ability to travel in unfamiliar places or use public transportation; 9 marked limitation in her ability to set realistic goals or make plans independently 10 of others; extreme limitation in her ability to understand, remember, or apply 11 information; moderate limitation in her ability to interact with others, moderate 12 limitation in her ability to concentrate, persist, or maintain pace; that Plaintiff met 13 the Paragraph C criteria; that Plaintiff was likely to be off-task less than 12% of a 14 full-time work schedule; and that Plaintiff would likely miss one day of work per 15 month. Tr. 619-22. The ALJ gave Ms. Miller’s opinion little weight. Tr. 25. 16 Because Ms. Miller is a non-acceptable medical source, the ALJ was required to 17 provide germane reasons to discredit her opinion. 2 Popa, 872 F.3d at 906. 18 19 2 20 Plaintiff raises several reasons why she believes the ALJ should have given greater The Court notes that, in addition to assigning error to the ALJ’s findings, ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 25 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.956 Page 26 of 30 1 First, the ALJ found Ms. Miller’s opinion was not sufficiently supported or 2 explained. Tr. 25. Failure to provide support or explanation is a germane reason 3 to discredit opinion of nonacceptable medical source. Molina, 674 F.3d at 1111- 4 12. Additionally, “[w]hile an opinion cannot be rejected merely for being 5 expressed as answers to a check-the-box questionnaire, … the ALJ may 6 permissibly reject check-off reports that do not contain any explanation of the 7 bases of their conclusions.” Ford v. Saul, 950 F.3d 1141, 1155 (9th Cir. 2020) 8 (internal citations and quotations omitted). Here, the ALJ noted that Ms. Miller 9 did not provide any explanation for her opined limitations. Tr. 25; see Tr. 619-22. 10 11 This is a germane reason to discredit Ms. Miller’s opinion. Second, the ALJ found Ms. Miller’s opinion was inconsistent with 12 Plaintiff’s record of improvement with treatment. Tr. 25. Inconsistency with the 13 medical evidence is a germane reason for rejecting other source testimony. See 14 15 weight to Ms. Miller’s opinion. ECF No. 13 at 12-13. This Court’s review is 16 limited to the ALJ’s findings, and the Court “may neither reweigh the evidence nor 17 substitute its judgment for that of the Commissioner.” Blacktongue v. Berryhill, 18 229 F. Supp. 3d 1216, 1218 (W.D. Wash. 2017) (citing Thomas, 278 F.3d at 954). 19 Plaintiff’s arguments here amount to an invitation for this Court to reweigh the 20 evidence and are therefore not properly within the scope of review. ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 26 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.957 Page 27 of 30 1 Bayliss, 427 F.3d at 1218; Lewis v. Apfel, 236 F.3d 503, 511-12 (9th Cir. 2001). 2 As discussed supra, the ALJ noted that the record demonstrated Plaintiff showed 3 improvement in some symptoms when she was compliant with treatment. Tr. 25; 4 see Tr. 454 (May 18, 2017: Plaintiff’s mood symptoms were well-controlled with 5 medication); Tr. 590 (July 20, 2017: Plaintiff’s mood disorder symptoms and 6 nightmares resolved with medication); Tr. 627 (October 11, 2017: Ms. Miller 7 reported Plaintiff was “making tremendous progress” after six months of 8 counseling). Plaintiff challenges the ALJ’s finding by identifying other evidence 9 in the record that shows Plaintiff continued to struggle with mental health 10 symptoms. ECF No. 13 at 14-16. However, where evidence is subject to more 11 than one rational interpretation, the ALJ’s conclusion will be upheld. Burch, 400 12 F.3d at 679. The ALJ reasonably concluded that the evidence showed evidence of 13 Plaintiff’s improvement with treatment. Tr. 25. This is a germane reason to 14 discredit Ms. Miller’s opinion. 15 Third, the ALJ found Ms. Miller’s opinion was inconsistent with Plaintiff’s 16 daily activities. Tr. 25. Inconsistency with a claimant’s daily activities is a 17 germane reason to reject other source testimony. Carmickle, 533 F.3d at 1163-64; 18 Lewis, 236 F.3d at 512. As discussed supra, the ALJ discussed Plaintiff’s daily 19 activities but failed to consider their limited nature. Tr. 23-24. Although the ALJ 20 concluded that Plaintiff’s activities such as childcare, driving, shopping in stores, ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 27 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.958 Page 28 of 30 1 and engaging in crafting activities were inconsistent with the limitations Ms. Miller 2 opined, the ALJ failed to explain how these limited activities were inconsistent 3 with the specific limitations Ms. Miller opined. Tr. 25. This finding is not 4 supported by substantial evidence. Because this case is remanded for other 5 reasons, the ALJ is instructed to also reconsider Ms. Miller’s opinion on remand. 6 7 8 9 C. Listing of Impairments Plaintiff contends the ALJ failed to properly assess the Listing of Impairments. ECF No. 13 at 3-10. At step three of the sequential evaluation process, the ALJ must determine if 10 a claimant’s impairments meet or equal a listed impairment. 20 C.F.R. § 11 416.920(a)(4)(iii). The Listing of Impairments “describes each of the major body 12 systems impairments [which are considered] severe enough to prevent an 13 individual from doing any gainful activity, regardless of his or her age, education 14 or work experience.” 20 C.F.R. § 416.925(a). To meet a listed impairment, a 15 claimant must establish that she meets each characteristic of a listed impairment 16 relevant to her claim. 20 C.F.R. § 416.925(d). If a claimant meets the listed 17 criteria for disability, she will be found to be disabled. 20 C.F.R. 18 § 416.920(a)(4)(iii). The claimant bears the burden of establishing she meets a 19 listing. Burch, 400 F.3d at 683. “An adjudicator’s articulation of the reason(s) 20 why the individual is or is not disabled at a later step in the sequential evaluation ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 28 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.959 Page 29 of 30 1 process will provide rationale that is sufficient for a subsequent reviewer or court 2 to determine the basis for the finding about medical equivalence at step 3.” SSR 3 17-2P, 2017 WL 3928306, at *4. 4 Here, the ALJ considered whether Plaintiff met the criteria for listings 12.04, 5 12.05, 12.06, 12.08, and 12.15. Tr. 18. The ALJ found that Plaintiff did not meet 6 either the Paragraph B or Paragraph C criteria for the listing of mental 7 impairments. Tr. 19. However, the ALJ’s consideration of the Listing of 8 Impairments is based on the ALJ’s evaluation of evidence that the ALJ has been 9 instructed to reconsider on remand. Accordingly, the ALJ is also instructed to 10 reconsider the Listing of Impairments on remand. The ALJ should consider 11 whether to take testimony from a medical expert on remand to assist in this 12 reconsideration. 13 CONCLUSION 14 Having reviewed the record and the ALJ’s findings, this Court concludes the 15 ALJ’s decision is not supported by substantial evidence and free of harmful legal 16 error. On remand, the Commissioner is instructed to reconsider Plaintiff’s 17 symptom testimony, the medical opinion evidence, consider taking testimony from 18 a medical expert, and conduct a new five step sequential evaluation process. 19 // 20 // ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 29 Case 1:19-cv-03262-TOR 1 ECF No. 17 filed 05/13/20 PageID.960 Page 30 of 30 ACCORDINGLY, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED: 2 1. Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment (ECF No. 13) is GRANTED. 3 2. Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment (ECF No. 15) is DENIED. 4 3. The Court enter JUDGMENT in favor of Plaintiff REVERSING and 5 REMANDING the matter to the Commissioner of Social Security for 6 further proceedings consistent with this Order pursuant to sentence four 7 of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). 8 9 10 The District Court Executive is directed to enter this Order, furnish copies to counsel, and close the file. DATED May 13, 2020. 11 12 THOMAS O. RICE Chief United States District Judge 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ~ 30

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