Wertz v. Wertz et al, No. 7:2018cv00061 - Document 64 (W.D. Va. 2018)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Chief Judge Michael F. Urbanski on 3/30/2018. (kab)

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.. 1 A q)N l' A . r ( LEo<, A 6 àv FI ,. ,. . . ' I T H E U N I D STATE S D ISTRI CO U RT N TE CT FO R TH E W E STE RN D ISTRICT O F VIRGI I N A ROAN O U D I SI N W O TAM M Y M u MA2 32 2 1 :4 J Ac. ULI BY; D . LERK ; . k LERK W ERTZ , Pettoner ii , Ci lActon N o. 7:8cv000 vi i : 1 61 V. LEW I ED W AR D W E RT Z,I S II By: M i chaelF.U r bansd l Res pondent . Cli fUnie S a e Diti t udge le t d t t s src J M E M O M N DU M O PI ION N Fr Canada, m my M a W e t pe i om Ta e rz téonst cour f r t n oft paris mi he t or eut he te ' nor c l t ta c nty puru ntt t Ha eCon nt o tt CiiAs csof hi o h t ou r, s a o he gu d ve i n le vl pe t on l enai l al Abdu ton(heK- gu Co e to ), ndt l ena a Chl ntr tona Cli d ci t fl e nv nin' a he ntr éon l id la Ab uc on Re disAc (1 d é me e t < CARA' , 2U.. j 9 0 g . q Thecnl, E. .a e d f ' 2 SC. j 0 1 -K ) t . l d L. 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W . ponde r m a ned i t f r l hom e Thepa te e nm al di c he nf nt E. Res nt e i n he ani y . ri s ve l vor ed y butconénue t m ant i as a c s xualr a d o i an por di e eldons p l a t rt i i da s pa aéon. hi ong fe he r ni l e r Thi r l tons p wa t m uluous s ea i hi s u t . 4Res ponde wa m a le f abze pe i oftm e f l wi hi m i tr s r i e The ewe eno cll e bom oft t nt s ri d or i f rod i olo ng s l a y e v c . r r i lidr n ha r l dons i e a h p. ' 5 80t par sde l d a cos bond wih L. W .a s h ent ve ope l e t E. nd oughtc t ofhi .O ve us ody m r t s n oft e ui eghtye t ,t Ca din c twasa ke t r ol c t is . he pa he ns ng i a s he na a our s d o es ve us ody s ues Ase rya J n r , 01 , i t ec idwa s l ni a , mi a Chi r n' Se vc s al s a ua y 2 0 whl h h l s dla nfnt Fa l nd l e s r ie e y d Nig r ( a aa T TACS' be a i vov d TheOntro Ofi eoft eCl d e sLa e ' c me n le . ) ai fc l ùlr n' wy r n rf ictn' La e' wa a pone t rprsnt E. . itrssi t c t y chlte s wy r' s p itd o e ee L. 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Re p' Ex. 8 Let zfo Pat l we t Ta s t 3 , te r m ty ea c o mmyW e t gu 8 2 7 . rz ne , 01 ) Thecour' c ts once n t tPe ii rsdr i l nc lf t epos ars t L. W . r ha ttone ' ug-nfue çd iesyl es i k o E. wa confr ed by heron- nd- fr a r l tons p * t1anot m a Sha Pe s im a of om néc e a i hi . 1 her n, wn. ddone z de c i d Sha ast T ai fi nd' wih whom s us dr gs She t sii d Sha ha s rbe wn he f n re ' t m he ed u . e tfe wn s g ve he cys a m et he oi a D ia d,a t s hasgi n Sha he pr c i i n r z t l h, r n, nd ludi nd hat he ve wn r es tpdon 8 Pe coce .Pettone and Sha us dru t he i he hom ewhieL. W .se .Attil r t ii r wn ed gs oget r n r l E. l pt ra, Pei o rr fr nc db n m eah tofo he ss bou htd u sfom, o dd u st , n or tt ne e ee e y a i os t r he g r g r s l r g o a d/ us dr gswih- neghbor ,fi ,a a pr tt e s m ett ough Sha ed u t i s rends nd osiut he hr wn. I 2011 Pe i rove dos on Riai a s f r d aps c i e s i whih n , étone r ed t ln' nd ufe e y hotc piode n c s hal i e a wa r a ound t c m on a e ofhe housng c plx wih a he lucnat d nd nde ed r he om ra r i om e t ba e l ba ,beivi t r we ehom ees pe e i t bus a de ba e on t s bal t le ng he e r l s opl n he hes nd ad bi s he gr ound. ttone washos t lze f t da f l ng t se s , hi he da e Pe ii r piai d or wo ys olowi hi piode w ch r ughtr JW . t se L. W .whowa t n js s yof2 wa a le a t éme . wi s d. E. , ne s he u t h , s se p t he . Pe ii rhasnote ged i lgii a e e pl e i m or t n a dec de8She ttone nga n e tm t m oym nt n e ha a . s dve on s i lasi t ur s oc a ssancea hasr ore t ilga m e nsofe ni i om e s a nd es t d o le l a at ng nc , uch s s li drz a pr tt i he s l t ough a e cot a nc c led N iga a D ols elng tgs nd osiutng r ef hr n s t ge y al a r l. Pe ii rt s i d s ls w or d a apz ét ei 201 Thi t si ony c r di sa ttone e éfe he a t ke s os ut n 3. s e tm onta ct sa e e s m ade t t c tappoi e gua di a lttlt s had onl e r t t m nt he o he ouznt d r an d ie i hat he y ve e ha d s x f m one wih Re ponde .Pettone adr te on diec e nana xc nge e or y t s nt ii r nit d t t xa i éon t t ha s wa nottut ulabouttùsf c i he i e ve wih t gua din ad ltm . he s r hf l a t n r nt r iw t he t a ie 9 Pe i rfequenty a ked Res dtone r l s ponde f m one ,l a t rt pa tesdi c At nt or y ong fe he ri vor ed. fm es m one wasgi n i e i , y ve n xcha f s xualf vor .O t rtm e ,Pettone r que t d,a nge or e a s he i s ii r e s e nd Re ponde pai m one s t ts coul afor busf r t t s s nt d, y o ha he d f d a e o he uboxonec i c ort buy lni o L. 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W .wa a e 21 a ahafda a tr 56 da c e ds r e a E. s bs nt nd l ys nd a dy ys whiehewasi Pe ii rsc r Peétone a itd la ng L. W .aone uns r s d, l n ttone ' a e. i r dnlte e vi E. l , upe vie wih m e who l i he housng c plx- one ofwhih i known t Peétoneronl by t n i n r ved i om e c s o i y frtna e Fur he ,i 2016,s a s ule Res l -s m . t r n he s a t d ponde i fontofL. W . hiei t ca on nt n r E. W l n he r t wa t he s he y o r uboxone te t ent s punc d Re pondenta s i hi lp open. z a m , he he s nd plt s i Pe ii zcnm st ha fc nge dr si ly'snc t n.To he c e t s ha ttone li o ve fha d a tcal' i e he r r di, he s s oughtcouns lng and ha be n unde goi s ei s e r ng uboxone team e i an e f tt ge he r t nt n f or o t r s t nceabus unde c z a m a be t rc ce .Shehasha m uli efr tr s'at ubs a e r ont ol nd ke te hoi s d tpl fesa t' t clni a t rr s i he tea m e , ha t éfed t anum be ofr ntr lps s whih he i c fe nisng r r t nt nd s es i o r ece ea e , c D r D al t tfed i t be e c ed gi n t naur oft si i ousdiea e.D t s r ens . las esii s o xpe t ve he t e hi nsdi s s ug c e fom t pa tf w m ont of2018 ha be cea a s cli st be r ol ei her z he s e hs ve en l n, nd he qm o es ut n desr t l adr fe lf Ye he s l- c i s ie o i ve ug-r e ie. t r e fdes rbed uppor s t m i l t ys e ncudesafi nd wih re t who Peiine c re l s ke maju naa fo who s ha ilg l pu c sd m tto r urnt mo s r a nd r m y m he sle al rhae y s uboxone. s ofconc r i Petdonerst s i ony t ts i confde i hera lt t sa Alo en s i ' e tm ha he s i nt n biiy o ty cla be us t çm an fi nd' s ci dru wih- sha e n ca e he f i re ' he ld gs t wn- i c r nty i a c r e Al s ure l nc r e at d. 1 oft s aong wih he adnate f le satm e sa l lit yofdr a e l dst hi, l t r . it d a s t e nt nd ong ls or ug bus , ea he cotr t fndPe zt o i ééone ' clm t ts i ca eofasurngt s eyoft c l ute l zs li ha he s pabl s i he sft he hid try i r di e. nc e bl Thepa tes dom e dcis a e notalone sded. t ri ' s s ues r l -i Alhough Res ponde de e e r nt ni s ve phy i l a i Pettone ,he a nit t conhni he i ar scal busng ii r y dr ted o ng r n oom on one occ son when ai L. 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W . pl ed i Res fe c E. was ac n ponde ' ca e t m por rl Pe i rsa es t he nts r e a iy. étone ' cc s o r s wasiztal s r ed i t m ont f l ng he hos t lza i bute nt ly on riily upe ds n he hs olowi r piai ton ve ual i ude uns ncl d uper i ed viisa he hom e. A ugu t2011 z por by t Chidr sLa r vs st t r An s e t he l en' wye z om m e ec nded Res ponde ha f lcus ody oft c l butf nt ve ul t he hid ound Pettone s d ha ii r houl ve uns r e a es .Ther por f r he r c m e upe ds d cc s e t u t r e om nded net rpa t s l r l at outi a ihe ry ha l eoc e sde 30 l om e e r lusofN i ga a Fal ort t chid outofO nt ro f a r as wihout dl t t aci a r ls ake he l a i or ny e on t f s obt i ng c tpe nzs i - t ani our z ison. r O n Se e be 26,201 t Ca di c tentr d a fna oz gi ng b0t pa te pt m r 2, he na an our e e i l der vi . r is h j i c t yof E. .bu s tigli prmay r sd nc wihRç po n a s c nd r ont usod L. W , t etn as i t ei e e f s nde t nd e o a y . r i esdence* t1Pettoner The or tpr ded Pe i . 1 ii . de ovi tdone a es t L. W .e r M onda and r cc s o E. ve y y We dnes y f om 9: am .t 6: p. .a e r Frda fom 9: a. .t Sat da at1 00 da r 00 . o 00 m nd ve y i y z 00 m o ur y 2: p. .orSat da a 10: am .untlSunda at12: pr . m ut y t 00 . i y 00 m The or rpr de t de ovi d hat Re ponde s l m a i por a de ii a s nt hal ke m t nt c sons boutt cll swef r a t rc uli wih he lid' la e fe ons tng t Pettone ,butplce uli a e de son- adng a hort wih Res ii r a d tm t cii m l ut iy t ponde t t e entt nt o he xt he pà te coul nota ee ris d gr . Onl ne2 , 01 , fe FACSbe a a r ofPeiine ' r lto l wihl u 0 2 7 a tr c me wa e tto rs eai nsùp t ohn a diec ed t tL. 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W .a r l a ed t Vig ni by e ai nt ook E. nd eoc t o r i a m l fo Repond ntdae ul 7 2 7. ef e ac ntmptpeiin a ans Re po nt nt r m s e tdl y , 01 Sh f d o e tto g i t s nde i he Ca a in c u t nJ l, tRepond ntwa ne e s r e vr. t speii f rr a o n da o r i uy bu s e s v r e v d ih hi tt o e s ns t on unclatt t c t L. W . ga t r gr dei Vigi a e . o he our . E. be n hid a n r ni. Pe ii rha c d apln t getL. W . k up t Canada a convi ed ttone t he a o E. bac o nd nc Re po e tt b ig hm t On ai i No mbe f r . . b rh ypat. rn t t s nd n o rn i o tro n ve r o JW ' it da ry Du ig ha s viiaéon, ttone t L. W .t aw om en' s le s s coul m lnt i c t ove st Pe ii r ook E. o s het r o he d i an us ody z hm unt ahe rn c ul b s he uldi t eCa din c u tTh pade e # e i o aj i i i ai g o d e c d e n h na a o r. e l s ntr d nt ont l c t a r m e on N ovem be 22,2017,whih wasm e orai d i a tm por r or rby usody g ee nt r c m ilze n e a y de t Ca di c tbea i t s m e da e butsgne D ec m be 21,2017. he na an our rng he a t i d e r Thatoz t de pr de t tL. W .s l r sdewih Pe i rfom Sunda a 8: a. . hr ovi s ha E. hal e i t étone r y t 00 m t ough W e s y a 7: p. .a s l r i wih Res dne da t 00 m nd hal esde t ponde 'r W e ntfom dnes y a 7: p. . da t 00 m tuough Sunda a 8: am .e h wee The c tor r d Re ponde t dei rL. W .S l y t 00 . ac k. our de e s nt o lve E. ' bit ce tfca eand pa s tt hi ator y t be hed pendi f t ror oft cout, rh rii t s por o s t ne o l ng urhe der he t and r r d Res rquie ponde t gi Pettone 15 da notceofa c nge ofa es f om hi nt o ve ii r ys i ny ha ddr s r s N i ga a Fal r sdenc The or rf t r sa e t L. W .wa t be e ole a K a eS. a r ls e i e. de ur he t t d hat E. so nt ld t t D ur n PublcSchool a t thi pl e ofr i nc wasdee ed t N iga aReg on.The da i , nd ha s ac esde e m he a z i c utor r d aFA CS r por t be pr pa ed wihi 30 da . ot de e e to e r tn ys Thebaa e oft Se e be lnc he pt m r 26,201 fna c t or rr m a ned i f lf cea e f c .A ina c t hea i was 2 i l usody de e i n ul or nd f e t i l usody rng s chedul f D ec m be 21 2017. ed or e r , O n D e em be 20,201 Ca di 1w e or e e i or ed Pe i rt t c t 7, na an a nf c m nt nf m dtone ha Re ponde ha c os e t Canadin bot ri o t U nied St eswih L. W .afe s nt d z s d he a de nt he t at t E. , tr . pi ng t clid up f c ztor r d physca c t tm e t te ni Re ponde di cki he ll or otr- de e i l usody i ha ve ng. s nt d nota ppea atas r chedul d c t hea i i t Canadin cour t f l ng da a s nt e usody rng n he a t he olowi y nd e Pe ii ra txtm e s ges y ng sm pl:You l e Pe ii rwor wih lga ai a t ne s ttone e sa ai i y os . ttone ked t e l d tor y t s ut A m e i a couns l Thei t ntV e ii Pe ii f l e o ec e rc n e. nsa rfed tton olow d. l i Thecotr r c i d r por sa he r t tm ony fom t e r wine s sa t zt e eve e t nd a d esi r wo xpe t t s e t he M a c 15- 6,2018 tiloft sm ate .Apos ol D als M . . a i e na m edii rh 1 ra hi tr t os la , D , n ntr l cne physca t sii d a t t efe sofdl g a eon i vi l.I r lva pa t heopi d ii n, e tfe s o he f ct ' bus u ndi duas n ee nt r , ne t Pettone wa lke yt r l ps a n,ba e on he hit y ofsgnii ntdrz us and hat ii r s i l o e a e gai s d z sor i fca t e g tei i o nau eoft sdsaeJ a ni Beg r Ph. , ciia psc o itd srbe h nsdius tr hi ie s.e n e re, D.a l c l y holgs, eci d n Pei rsf he t done' f nome l s bsa ea us a no e r c r i diaeatae t r of p na' u tnc b e nd td e o ds n c t t jc o y ' i r s d dt us f om 2014 t 2017,whih pos sagr atrs t L. 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W . sha iual r sde ti sa i y e nd r nc h v d nc ha: 1 E. wa bt l e i n n s y Ca d a t tmeofhsrmo l yRepo e ;()Repon ntsrmo lo L. W . na a t he i i e va b s nd nt 2 s de ' e va f E. brahe Peii rsc td zg su e t lwsofCa a a a d ()Peio rwa e c d t one' uso y iht nd t he a t n d ; n 3 tt ne s i e r ii he c t rght att tm eoft r m ova.Se Ha Convenéon,a t xe c sng r usody i s he i he e l e gue r. 3 Abb t 5 0U. a 8 Ma lv. x l 5 8F. 24 , 51(t Ci. 0 ) Mie v. 9 ot, 6 S. t 9 xwel Ma wel 8 3d 5 2 4 h z 20 9 9 l r , l Mie, 4 F.d3 2 3 8(t Ci. 0 ) l r 2 0 3 9 , 9 4h r20 1. l 1 H abiualRes de . t i nce Tll biua r i e'i notde i d i t Ha Conve i Se M i e ,240 F. a f a t l esdenc ' s fne n he gue nton. e l r l 3d t 400. 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I a 253.The e e oft cal sa lr tza e i nc ' d. t ' xt nt he lid' cciha i don i notm e ey aque éon of s rl s T t rt c l slf i t ne c t s d he he hid' ie n he w ounty howss e m i m a de r ofs ted pt e, whe om ni l g ee etl upos butwhe he t c l sr léve a t c e st t count sha c nged t t poi t r he hid' ea ta hm nt o he de ve ha o he nt whe egr e igt c l ' r mr )woud no betntmou t tl gt c i ou oft e r o d rn he hi s e n d l w a a nt o adn he hl t h d fn i a s ile v r me i whihislf ha de eo d. I a 25 -5 ( ena a al nd oca n ion ntn c t ie s v l pe ' d. t 3 4 i r l y ' nt q a insa ctto omitd . uotto nd iains te ) Pe ii rhasesa ihed t tt pa ent di nots t a s ted i e ttone t bls ha he r s d ha e etl nt néon f L. W . or E. t a ndon Canadaand m ove t t U nie St t i D e e be 2017. t o ba o he t d a es n c m r Alhough t pa te he r is e e ed i o anum be ofc t or r durng t cour eofL. W .Slf ,Pe i ra nt r nt r usody de s i he s E. ' ie dtone nd Re ponde 10t a e t a sgne at m por r cus ody or ron N ove ber22,2017 s nt 3 h gr ed o nd i d e ay t de m s tngL. W .Spl c ofr i nc a f heN iga aRe i 'The oz zfz t rr r d eti E. ' a e esde e s f t a r g on.? de lrhe equie Re ponde t dic os i a s nt o s l e n dvancea pl nst m ovef om li N iga a Fa l,Ontro hom e ny a o r ls a r ls ai , r quied L. W .t ber git r d a a Ca di s hool and oblgat Re pondentt del r e r E. o e se e t na an c , i ed s o i ve L. W .Sbit c r ii t a pas por t li ator y t behe d pe ng f t ror roft E. ' th e tfca e nd s t o as t ne o l ndi urhe de he c ur. e Re p' Ex. Te r r Or e ofOntro S ro Co tof us e No 2 , o t S e s t 2, mpo ay d r ai upeir ur J éc , v. 2 2017. D urng c os - xa ni i Re pondentf t ra it t tt Canadin cour i z s e r naton, s urhe dm ted ha he a t f badehi fom r m ovi L. 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W .t t Unie St t i D ec m be 201 wbi h i plcty = s i o eoc t E. o he t d a es n e r 7, c m iil ac knowldge L. W . r sde e i Canada. eRe p' Ex.6,Ca eConf r nc Brefoft e s E. ' e i nc n S Se s t s ee e i he Re ponde . ii ra Res s nt Pettone nd ponde di nots r a s ted i e i fi L. W .t nt d ha e etl nt nton t E. o a bandon Ca da. na Res pondenta gu t tt c ts d i et N ove be 2017 t m por r r es ha he our houl gnor he m r e ay c t or rbe a eL. W .Sha t lr sde e c nge whe Res us ody de c us E. ' biua e i nc ha d n ponde r ai hi nt et ned m i Vigni fo l net No mbe o ls y a . c ur dia r e . bi zl e i nc dd n r i a r m u o ve r f a t e t The o t sg e s Ha t a r sde e i a notc ngef om Ca dadurng t stm e pe i bec us t pa e sci nots r as tld ha z na i hi i rod a e he r nt ld ha e e te i e f L. W .t pe m a nty m ove t Vigi a Pe ii rt tfed t ts onl a e d nt nt or E. o r ne l o z ni. ttone esii ha he y gr e t avii,and he ilng ofacont m ptpe i a i tRe pondentf z ai ng L. W . o st r -i l e dton gans s or et ni E. l n e t ni e e s ppo t he posdo S ei r jIIC (e r i gRepond nts o g r ha ntnd d u rs r i n. e nfa I . rgad n s e ' a q e c n ed fns) Th slc ofs r d s tldi e i bosee b t pate ' c uise c e e e . i a k ha e ete ntnt s ltz d y he ris a r e n i No mbe t h veL. W . e i i t Nig t Re i n.lAst J net g e me t n ve r o a E. r sde n he a a a go l he u o N ove be r enton di notcha L. W .Splceofha m a r i nc ,Ca dawa t m r et i d nge E. ' a bi l esde e na s he pl c ofha tmlr i ae bia esdencet oughoutt r lva tm epe i hr he ee nt i rod. M or ove ,t e e ofL. W . a lm a ton t t Unie St t sdoesnotat r e r he xt nt E. ' cci ézai o he S td ae le t c tsfndi t tha m a r i he our' i ng ha bi l esdencehasbee e t bls d i Ca n s a ihe n nada. s Re ponde nt pr s e e de ofL. W .Senr l e i s hool pa tcpa i i yout bas t l,a e ent d vi nce E. 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W .no e t thewozdl e t i . n se r ul i o i ( E. ) t d ha k ve t i l ke t lvewih hi m ot rand li f ta r' R&R ofG ua di Ad Liem ,ECF N o.44,a 18. oi t s he ls a le .' r an t t 1 To t e e Re ponde a gue t tt N ove z2 7 or ri notde e m i dve ofha m a r i nc sm ia t 1 he xt nt s nt r s ha he mbe 01 de s t r na bi l esde e i l r o Nios nv Pa aad , 0 F.d1 0(s Cr2 1)tec u tsn p ru d db cu eNios ni fctl c lo . lr o 6 5 3 0 1t i. 0 0,h o ri ot esa e ea s c lo s atal zy csig sa l.nNios n tec ut ee tdterso d nt uq ise c d fn eb sdo tcp dt n r c nsnt l t uih be I c lo ,h o rrjce l ep n e ' c uecn e ee s ae n h e i e' o c in z s o s t apr e don f om a e or rt ta r d t o ot c r bus de ha wa de empo a c t t t r s r c usody o he e ponde .Ihe c te pl i d,f le or ri, nt '' our x ane t z de s t on t poi i q s he nt n ue don,ac y c l c ofptnt a ha i tn phr e t yil no sngl a we ast who i r pdc ole don i ed nd ndwtte as s hat e ds i e ns r o s t d cd o p r n nt u td 'd't 0 . l eNiosn teNo e e 2 1 o d rcerypo ie fron o eie n ema e c so p'I . 1 7 Uni c lo ,h v mb r 0 7 r e lal rvd s o jit a k c t y, t t c l r sci wih Pe us od wih he hid e il ng t ddonerfom Sl da t iW edne da a wih Re po ntfom W e da z m y mtl s y nd t s nde z dnes y untlS mda on a tm por r ba i m4 t he tng s f D e e be 21, 7. i t y e a y ss él he ai et or c m r 201 . 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Br each ofCus ody m ght t s Ther m ova oft c l as m us be abr c oft pettone ' c t a rght . e l he hid lo t ea h he ii ts usodil i s Undert H ague Conventon,f i sofc t ..m a a iei pa tculropez éon of1w he i f ght r usody . y rs n ri a a a orbyr s ofa adr nita i de ii orby r as ofa a r m e ha ng lga e f t ea on n ni sr tve c son, e on n g ee nt vi e l fec unde t 1w oft tSt t 7 H a Conve i a t 3.TheH a e Conve r he a ha a e. gue ' nton, r . gu ndon de i s fne c t rght ast T i sr l tng t t c r oft pe s oft c l a i pa éc a , us ody i s he f ght e a i o he a e he r on hç hid nd, n r ul r r t rg tt d tranetec l' plc ofrsd nc . Ha u Con nt at 5a.2The he ih o eeni h hi s ae eie e' g e ve i r. ()1 d ' on, a l i i ba ed on t cus ody s a' attl tm e oft alged wr nayss s s he t tt us le i he le ongf lr m ova .Se u e l e Ha leCo ve in, r. 9 ht v. l t, 8F.d 3 0 3 7 (t Ci. 0 3 9 l r 2 g? n nto a t 3 W ie W l e 71 3 0 , 0 4 h r 2 1 ) Mie, 40 i l F. at401. 3d 1 fe heHa u Co v n ndsig ih s t e fg so c td ' wlc aeneesr t spp rac m o 2çi gl g e n e do it use bewe n r ht f uso y- z h r csay o u ot bi f n i i wr n fle vl a dmeeYg t o ac sa' d rv Krme, 4 F.d3 6 3 9(t Ci. 0 6. d l 5a o te o gu zmo a- n r hs f ces' Ba e . a r4 5 3 4 , 4 4h r2 0 )Azce () fh ' H a Conve i pr vi st tfrg sofc t 's l i l rg sr lO g t t c r oft pe s oft c id gue nton o de ha f i ht usody ha l ncude i ht ea ç o he a e he r on he h l a d i paé ua,h rg tod tr n tec i 'pa eof eie c. Ar ce5b o teHa u Co vné np o ie n ,n rc lrte ih t eemie h hl s lc rsd n e' d l 4) f h g e n e o r vd s d ' tutfrg sofa c s s l i l t rghtt t kea c l f a l ïed pe i oftm e t a pl eot rt n t c id' l T i ht d c es ' ha l ncude he i o a hid or i ' mt rod i o ac he ha he h l s ha tzlr sde e. Tle Supr m e Co thascldfe t ta pq e ea zg - tt a hort t c e be or t ot r bit e i nc ' z a ' e ur a id ha - x t i ht fhe ut iy o ons nt f e he he p rn ma etk t c i t a ot rc ugr - i aGih o c so y'md rt Ha u Co v nd n Ab ot5 0U.. ae t k a e he hl o n he o r f' s rg t f vtd 't e he g e n e o . b t, 6 S d a 5,1 t 0. Thepatisa e t Ca di n lw gove nsPe ii ' c t rght and whet r te gt e hat na a a r ttonets usody i s he Res pondentbr a hed t erght byr m ovi L. W .SeePe '' A f.ofCa din La ec hos i s e ng E. trs f na a w, ECF Ko.29; '' SupplAf.ofCa din La ECF N o.31;Re p'' Af. Ca a Petts . f na a w, s ts f of nadin La ECF N o.42.3I O ntro,t Chidr n' La Ref m A c gove nschid c t w, 1 n a i he l e s w ot t t l usody matr. e Chlte sLa Reom Ac, SO.1 9 c1 ( n. S cin21ofteAc tesS e i rn' w fr tR.. 9 0 .2 Ca ) e to c . h t pr vde t tfa pa e ofacnl . . ya yt ac ur f ra o d rr s c c t y o i s ha ' q r nt g l d . ma ppl o o t o n r e e pe éng usod i ofora es t t c l ordet r i ng a as ctoft i i sofcus ody oft chid.' cc s o he hid e m ni ny pe he nc dent t he l ' Thec ur t yg a tt c t yofo a c s t t c l t oneorm o epe s g . . o t f r n he usod ma r c e s o he hi o d r rons, . ) d trni a y ape toft i i nt oft rg t c so yora c s g . . nd . . k ee r ne n s c he ncde s hè iht o u t d c e sy . a . ma e j s a tona or rast cour consde sne es a y a pr ri t cic sa s' 1 uch ddii l de he t i r c s r nd ope n he z um tnce .' d. j 81. 2 ($ Att fm e ofL. W . r m ovalon t ri ofD e m be 20,201 t r w e e t he i E. ' e S he lght ce r 7, he e r wo ope a i c t y or r e e e by Ca cin cour s a Se e be 26,2012 fna c t r tve usod de s nt r d na la t : pt m r i l us ody or r s eRes tEx.1,a aN ovem be 22,2017 t m por r c t ot rva yng de , e p' nd r e a y usody de r i Pa a a 4 oft 2012 oz ,s e Res tEx. The Se e be 201 fna c t or r r gr ph he der e p' 2. pt m r 2 i l us ody de e tbihe fontc t y; ve L. W . t prma yt sde ea t eRe po ntsho sa ls d j i usod no r E. wih i r e i nc t h s nde ' me a s onda y r i ncea t Pe ii rshom e.Se Re p' Ex.1 Re ponde ha t nd ec r esde t he ttone ' e s t . s nt d he a hort t m a i pora de ii a ut iy o ke m tnt c sons boutL. W .Swe fr a t rc uli wih E. ' la e fe ons tng t Pe ii r butha ft zghtt m a t fna decson on a is ' i t e ntt pa des ttone , d fhe i o ke he i l ii ny s ue' n he ve he r c d nota ee Se Re p' Ex.1 oul gz . e s t . 1 Thec tt notc ofalt e a fda t ofCa cin 1w f c i r do a t e de ir he rng he d on 3 our ook i e l hr e fi vis nala a or onsde a n t he vi nta y a i l M a c 15 201 r h , 8. Thepate ds t whehe ti Se tmbe 2 2fna c sod o d ra u st jit tis ipue t z hs p e t 01 i l u t y r e mo nt o on c t d f put e o t Ha eCo e ton. e Ca dinlw,fth tt j i uso y or poss f he > nv ni Und r na a a fg e em ont q c t usody'i us d t des tbe sm ai whet b0t pa e sat gve f dec son- a ng s e o c i i tons e h r nt e i n u2 ii m ki a hort a r s ut iy nd e ponsbiiyi a la e sr pec i t chid,a mus m a t e de ii i lt n l r a es tng he l nd t ke hos c sons t her' I ks v.lc s n,g 1 1O. S. 1 6 , r . 3. tto rse peto ne t a oget .' ac on a k o 20 7 N. C. 5 6 pa a 6 Pei ne ' x r pi d h t i - Res ponde ' fde br adng a hort on dec sonsa nts f - e l ut iy ii boutt fhid' we f r 'c aned i t he c l s la e ont i n he Ca da Co t' g0 2 Or r do sn i l unlt zld cso ma i gon rl c éo of na in u ts 2 1 de) e ot ncude i ea e ii n k n a eo a n t c l f om Ont ro,Ca da' Se Pe '' Af .ofCa di n La ECF N o. The e r he hid r ai na . e trs f ' na a w, 29. xpe t f t rnot d t tt or rga Pettonerac s t L. W .a c r an tm e a s ur he e ha he de ve ii ce s o E. t e t i i s nd et L. W . s conda yr i nc wih Pettone Se L=Byc r tRe pondentse r E. ' e S r esde e t ii r. e d. ontas, s ' xpe t a tsst a t o d ri notf rji tc so y bu a t l s l c t y be a eRepond nt te t h t he r e s o o n u t d , t cual oe usod , c us s e y ha uli a e decson- a ng a hozt Se Res tsAf . Ca di n La ECF N o.42. d tm t ii m ki ut iy. e p'' f of na a w, W hl t c u ti no pe s de b Re po ntsfo n c sod 'me nsT ol ie he o r s t zua d y s nde ' j i t u t y' a f e s c t d 'a g me , h No mbe 2 ) tm p ayc t yo d rr nd r t a d bae uso y' r u nt t e ve r 01 e or r usod r e e e s h t e t ir lva a i gove ne t c t rght oft pari att tf ofL. W .Sr m oval r ee nt s t r d he us ody i s he tes he ine E. ' e . Thecour di notsgn t N ove be 2017 t m por r c t or runtlD e e be 21 t d i he m r e a y usody de i cm r , 2017,butt f ce oft or rda e ise r a N ove be 22,201 Se Res tEx.2. he a he de t s t nty s m r 7. e p' Pe ii rsSupplm e a A f vi ofCanadin La sat t t or rsefe tve da ei ttone ' e nt l hda t a w t es hat he de ' f c i t s t da eoft c tor ron N ove be 22,r t rt a t sgnaur da eon D e m be 21. he t he our de m r a he l n he i t e t a ce r SeeECF N o.31. Re r e soft e r da e,t or rm e oraiest pa tes a e t c t y ga dl s he nty t he de m i lz he ri ' gr ed-o usod a r nge e t wa sgne a a t c d t t N ovc be 201 tm por z c t or r r a m nt hat s i d nd ta he o he m r 7e ay usody de . I t ta ze n, tto ra Ris nd n a re t wha wa efci l jitc sod : n ha g eme tPei ne nd po e t g e d o t s fet y on u t y i ve L. W . st z i wih Pe ii zf om Sunda a 8: a. . i W e E. wa o esde t ttone r y t 00 m untl dnes y a 7: p. . da t 00 m e h wee a t i wih Res ac k, nd esde t ponde fom W e da a 8: p. .untlSunda a 8: nt t dnes y t 00 m i y t 00 am .e h w e k. eRes tEx.2.4Pe x one ' cus ody rght unde t H a Conve . ac e Se p' 1 t rs t i s r he gue néon fo fo ta No mbe 2 , 01 ar e ntS tHa eCon nd at3(Therg sof lw r m h t ve r 2 2 7 ge me . e gu ve on, r. < iht < c t yme i ne i s b- r g a h a a o , yaiei pa éc lrb o r to oflw o usod nto d n u paa t p ) b ve ma rs n r ua y pe ai n a r b r a o ofajdiilo a nnsttv de ii , byr a o ofa a r e nth vnglg l y esn u ca r dni itaie cson or e s n n g e me a i e a e fc u tt 1w oft tS ae7 . fe t nde he a hg tt.) ' Res ponde ce l br a nt lary e ched Pe i tdone ' c t rghtt r i wih L. W .fom rs usody i o esde t E. r Sunda m ot ng t ough W e y ni hr dnes y e ng i Ca dawhe her m ove L. W .t r i da veni n na n e d E. o esde i Vigi a. z qlii Re pondentt ttn ove L. W . bit ce tfc t a pas poz a n t ni By e lrng s o kr r E. ' rh rii a e nd s t nd S pr denoéc ofa c ngest hi pl e ofr i nc i O nt i t Ca a c t ovi e ny ha o s ac esde e n aro, he nadin out xe i , he i o i E. ' S r e i nce A gr nt d Petéone asq e atrght ort rghtt decdeL. W . county ofr sde . s a e i r - hed by t U . Supr e Cour i Abbot v. l he S. em tn t Abbot,560 U . a 9,aste a rghti arght t S. t xe t i s i .. . ofc t unde t H a e Conve i A sPe ii rdi notgi Res us ody r he pz nton. ttone d ve ponde pe mi son nt r s i t r m oveL. W .fom Ca da he cus ody rght w e e br ac d. o e E. r na , r t i s r e he Pe i rt r or ha rght ofc t y unde t H a Conve i a t e étone he ef e s i s usod r he gue nton nd hos rght we ebr ched by Res i s r ea pondentsr m ova ofL. W . ' e l E. 3. E xer se of Cus ody m ght ci t s The fna pr ofaH a Conve i prm a f c eca ez quiesPe ii rt i l ong gue nton i a i s e r ttone o de ons r t t ts wasexe csng he c t rght attn ém eRe ponde r m ove m ta e ha he r ii r usody i s le s nt e d 1 Re ponde ' s bmit d e bi f t N o 4 s nts u te xhi t or he vembe 2 2 t mpor l or ron y i l d t c tst d or r r 2, 017 e ay de l nc ude he our' ype de . The c ttkesnotc oft ata he a e m e sgned by t pa te , e e e ed a t f i esofs tlm e fl ' i our a ie he t c d gr e nt i he r is r f r nc s he f nut m e te nt t ' n ed t c r ' or r whi h hasbe n ll d wih Pe i rsA fi a tofCa di n lw . he ou ts de , c e ie t étone ' fd vi na a a ECF N o.29 Ex.5. , L. W .t t U nied St t s I t cont xtofcus ody, he t m f xe cie' i lbe al E. o he t a e . n he e t t et f t s ' s i t ly e c % e a w1 befundfwhe ve apae wihz j .c sod tg t k e , se s ons d nd 1 o f ne t tnt t t . t u t y ihs e psot e k 1 f ! g t ke p,a s tofr gulrcont ctwih li orhe cll ' Ba ,48 F. a 671 o e ny or e a a t ls . r 1id.' dez 4 3d t ' (u i Fre rc v. idih, 8F.d 1 0 1 6 (t Ci.1 9 )rf idrc 1:)f e q ot id ih Fre rc 7 3 06 , 0 5 6h r 9 6 Fre ih 1).f r ng und t i a r c f pe s n g jha vai c so yrg st ac l u rt 1w oft e hs pp oa h,a r o who s l u t d iht o hi nde he a d d h c ountyoft cll sha tz lr sdence...c nnotf i t fxe cs 't e c t zght r he lid' biaa e i a al o e r ie hos us ody i s unde t H a Conve i s tofa t t tc tt t ce rand une voc r he gue nton hor c s ha onsiu e la qui al a n nme oft c'l .' d a 6 (iigFre rc 1, 8F.da 1 6 ) ba do nt he li ' I . t 71 ctn id ih 1 7 3 t 0 6 . 1d ' W hie t pa te diput whe he Pe ii rac ée c t L. W . r ova fom l he ri s s e t r ttone qk s ed o E. ' em l r S J net No mbe 2 7 t r i no d s t t tPei ne e e cs dhe c t yrg s u o ve r 01 ,he e s ipu e ha tdo r x r ie r usod iht durng tn pe i f l ng t N ove be 201 t por r c t or r1 To be s e i le rod olowi he m r 7 em a y usody de .5 ur , Pe ii rs he ed t pe s deRes ttone c m o r ua ponde t t tzn wih L. W . o Ca dai N ove be nt o ear t E. t na n m r 2017 f abit y pa t alt whieplnni t t c t ofL. W .Tli e s 1d or rhda ry, l he l a ng o ake usody E. ls piode e t t a r e e a N ove be 22,201 tm por yor r unde whih Pe o he g e m nt nd m z 7e ar de , r c ééone exe cs d r r ie c t rght untlRe ponde r m ove L. W .f om Ca da on D e m be 20,t ni usody i s i s nt e d E. r na ce r he ght bef e t i c t he zng. s h,Pe i or het usody ai As uc tùone w a e r ii he cus odyrght a t tm e r s xe csng r t i s t he i Res pondentr m oved L. W .t t Unie St t . e E. o he t d a es Acc di y,t c tfndst Ca dawa L. W .Spl c ofha t lr i nc or ngl he our i hat na s E. ' a e biua esde e, Pe ii rha c t ofL. W .a defned i t H a Conve i a unde t lw sof ttone d usody E. s i n he gue nton nd r he a Ca da a Pe i twa e t ii he c t y rght prort L. W . r ovalt t na , nd dtone s xe c sng r usod i s i o E. ' em S o he U nied St e i D e m be 201 The e or ,t c tconcude t Pettonerha m e he t at s n ce r 7. r f e he our l s hat ii . s t r 1év np ee igteNo mb rtmpoayod rPe d n rfe (letn v rsre)ac ne t d naans 5 e rcdn h ve e e rr re, é o e i d ab i e e ev d o tmp mo o gi t l Rep n e tfrrmo a o L. W.nl l 2 1 , ihwa a atmp t e ecs c so yrg t. e Pe'sEx 5 Af. s o d n o e v l f E. i uy 0 7 whc s n t t o x rie utd ihsS e t' . , f e t iS n uppo tofCont m ptM ot r e , bur n ofpt ng by a pz ponde anceoft e de e t tRe ponde ' t m ova oft de ovi e r he vi nc ha s nts e l he c l t t U nied St t sw a wt hid o he t a e s ongf wihi t m e ri oft H a Conve i ul t n he a lng he gue nton. C .H ague Conventon D ef es i ens Upon a s howi ofwt ult m ova ort t nton,t t t n oft c l i r quie ng ongf e l e e i he eut he hid s e r d unl sa r ponde esa ihe one oft def ns sa ia e unde t H a es es nt t bls s ' he e e val bl r he gue Conve i SeeH a Conventon,a t .12,13,& 20.Eve i Re ponde pr st tone nton. gue i rs nf s nt ove ha oft e e i a i ,t cour r anst dic eton t or ra c l st t n.H a e he xc ptons pples he t et i he s r i o de hid' e ur gu ConvT i a t 18;M ilr 240 F. a 398.Rts nton, r . le , 3d t pondenti t sc e hasr ie t oft n hi as as d wo he Ha eCon nto se c pé : her c uis e c 'e e in pu s ntt Aril 1 a a gu ve i n' x e ons t f q e c n e' xc pto rua o tce 3() nd a tef rv rs'e cptonpu s ntt Aril 1 $) h f a e ik: x e i rua o tce 3 . g 1. Acqui escence Res ponde cont ndst tPe i rac e c t L. W .Sr ova t t U nied nt e ha étone qui s ed o E. ' em l o he t Sa e whe Re p e tz ti d L. W .n Vigri fo l net No mbe 2 7. Un r tts n s ond n eane E. i r i a r m u o ve r 01 1 de l 6 t H a z Conve i t c ztKi notbound t or t r t n oft c l 'i t he gte nton, he otr fs o der he eur he hid' f he pe ii ng pa e fs e nty a e c d i t r m ova orr t nton' oft c l Hague ttoni r nt <ubs que l cqui s e n he e l e e i ' he hid. Co ve i a t 1 () Tli de e er q ie t a q is igpa e t ha f ub e ue l n nt r. 3a . ls f ns e ur s he c u e cn r nt o ve f s q nt on, s y a r e t o a c ptd t r mo lo rt n i pPall v. ox l 8 0F.d 1 ,1 5( t g e d o r c e e he e va r ee ton. cl Tr el 5 3 68 7 4h ' ia , Ci. 01 )(ii Dai v. i r --ufma 7 6 F.d 1 1 (s Ci. 0 4 9 x e v. x e , r 2 7 ctng tn Ol o l f n, 4 3 , 4 1 t r 2 1 ) Ba tr Ba tr ve l 4 3 F.d 3 3 3 ( d Ci. 00 ) Gon ae - balr v. n , 51F.d78 , 9 (t Ci. 2 3 6 , 71 3 t 2 59 z lzca l o Me a 2 3 9 7 4 9 h r e 2 01) Ac uis e eg neal t q ie T ef maiy'ha c ns nt bae o f vde e 0 ). q e c nc e r l e u r s < y mor or lt't n o e , s d n f i nc e s c a ts mon i ajdiilp o e dig ac v n i gr nu id ofrg s ora u h s e d y n u ca r c e n , on i cn e nca on iht, 1 Re ponde c e d a t e denday he dng t tPe ne di notc e t L. W . r m o l f usngi t d 6 s nt onc de t he vi l a ha déo r d ons nt o E. ' e va , oc i nsea S o a qui s e . n c e c nce c itntat u eo tasg iia pei oft . 1 . t1 5 (i gDai 7 6F.da onsse ti d ve infcnt tod i ' d a 7 -76 cdn rn, 4 3 t t me ' 1 ; xtr 4 3 F.d a 3 ) Ho ve , o st i swheet c ur ha t a s s i er d 6 Ba e , 2 3 t 71. we r f r it on mt r he o t s o se s nfre a q e c n e c utsl k t t s bjci i e oft ealg dya qée cngp z n . e c uis e c , o t oo o he u e t ntnt h l e l c k s i a e t S e ve e Dai 7 6F.da 1 (ii Nios nv. aado, 0 F.d1 0, 0 (s Ci. 01 ) rn, 4 3 t 6 ct ng c lo Pa lt 6 5 3 0 1 7 1t r2 0 ) Ba tt 4 3F.d a 3 1 . s nd n be r t b n ofe tbl hnga q is e eb a x e , 2 3 t 7 ) Re po e t as he mde sa i i c u e c nc y s p e nd r nc oft e i nc . e 2 U. C. 9 0 e4)B) r po e a e he vde e S e 2 S. j 0 3()2 ( . Be aus t def ns ofac e c ncepe ti onl t pos -et nton a i ,t c e he e e quis e r ans y o tr e i ctons he r lv ntp rod f rc nsd z éo i fo l ne20 7t t efl g oft epeii S eDai , ee a e i o o i e a n s r m u 1 o h ii n h tt e ên on. 746 F. at16-19. fe Pe ii rla ne t Re ponde di noti e t r t r L. W . 3d A tr ttone e r d hat s nt d ntnd o e u n E. ( f om hi s m e va ton i Vigi a s fl acont r s um r ca i n t ni, he ied emptpetton a i tRe ponde wih ii gans s nt t t eCa din c t t nl l 2 7 S ePe'' Ex 5 Af.nS por ofCo e Mot Th h na a oz i uy 01 . e t s . , fi up t r r ntmpt . e c e ptpe i wasne rs rv on Res ont m téon ve e ed ponde by t pr es s r rf r a onsunc e r nt he oç s e ve or e s la t t c tl H ow e r bot pa test tfed a t e de i y hea i t tPettone o he our.; ve , . ri esii t he vi ntar h rng ha ii r ha c d apln t r ga n c t overL. . .by convi i Re pondentt brng t c l t he a o e i usody EW nc ng s o i he hid t Ca da i N ove be 201 Pe i o na n m r 7. tdone t bz r hen oughtL. W .t awom e ss le i E. o n' het r n Ca nada s ast m ant i c t ove hi unélac t he rng bef e t Ca ci o o i an usody r m usody a i or he nalan c ztPeiine manti dji c t yo rL. W . tl swr ngu rmo a i ot . tto r i ane ont usod ve E. unihi o fl e v ln r D e m be ,and t n pr pty fld ape i f r t n unde t H a Conve i ce r he om l le éton or eur r he gue nton. A c ae c qli s encenee notbeasf m a asa ofi ilz nuncaton,butt z m ùs be d or l n fca e ii he e t s e e de e ofa a e m e t orac pt nce oft r t i Fii f c em pt om vi nc n gr e nt o ce a he e enton. lng or ont , s ni t r gan c t cher ng o e i usody,btngi L. W .t awom e ss trpe ng a Ca di n i ng E. o n' hele ndi na a 1 80t pa tesalge a t mpt t s tdocu e adon t t ot rsa i t i i e 7 h zi l d te s o ubmi e m nt o he he t tng her nt ndonsf zcusody whie bot o t , l h sa e t yha notr c ve s h doc e a t t d he d e ei d uc um nt éon.'he c tdoe notf d e t pa t c ed bl r ga di t dei t of T our s m iher ry r i e e r ng he l y ve t s c m u zc onsa t y bot a krowl dg s eng ea h ot ri per on m ul pl tmesove t sl e of201 he e om riad s he h c l e ed e i c he n s d ei r he lmm r 7. c t he rng,a flng aH a petton doe notde onsr t Pe ii rsac pt nceof usody a i nd ii gue ii s m t a e ttone ' ce a L. W . m ovet Vigi a To t e entRes E. ' S o r ni. he xt ponde r ison a dea i Petdone ' nt ele ny ly n i rs a tm pt t r gan c t ofL. W . n t s m e a f l of2017,t c z tfndsno te s o e i us ody E. i he um r nd al he olr i m e i t t a gu e . t one t se t s e r leff om t Ca din c zt t ough rt o he r m nt Pem r ook t ps o e k ei r he na a otrs hr t cont m ptpetéon,a uli a ey c nce Re pondentt r t n L. W . t n he e i nd tm t l onvi d s o e ur E. wihi mo hsofhsrmo lSe Dai 7 6F.da 1 -1 (icigt tfi Ha uePeionatr nt i e va. e rn, 4 3 t 8 9 fnl ha lng g n l té fe fvem ont doe notc ttze s h adea ast be s i hs s onsitt uc ly t ? ugges ofa es e e,pa éc a l dve cqui c nc r ul ty wh r p t i rwa c sdei atr aier me e) e e ei one s on i rng le n t e dis. t v Res ponde ha notesabls d by apr ponde a e oft e de t tPetéone nt s t ihe e r nc he vi nce ha i r a e c d t t r ova ofL. W .t Vig ni dudng ta s m e a f l of201 cqui s e o he em l E. o z i a le um r nd al 7. 2. Gr ve Ri k a s Res ponde prm a iy de endshi wr ulr m ova by ar ng t L. W . oul be nt i rl f s ongf e l gui hat E. w d s bjc t g a rs i Pei rsc t i Ca da Unde t g a rs e e n, u e t o rve ik n t éone' ae n na . r he zve ik xc péo a r s ond ntmus e tbls t tt e ei < g a ers t tg c l s r t nwoud e pos ep e t sa ih ha h r s < r v ik ha t hi q eur a he d' l x e t chid t physca orps hol ca ha m orot r s plce t c l i a i ol r bl he l o i l yc ogi l r he wie a he hid n n nt e a e stain. Ha u Co ve n, r. 3 .r nye ie c Hie tye tbili t e itn e iu to ' g e n nùo at1 $) t l vd n e rcl sa ls ng he xse c ' a ofagr vers t tw oul e a ik ha d xpos t c l t physca orem otona ha m orot r s pl e e he hid o i l i l r he wie ac t c l i an i olt bl stz ton i m a e i t t c tsde e mi ton. 51 Fed.Re he hid n nt e a e i a i s t ral o he our' t r na i ' a ' g. 1 51 ( 9 6 . g a ds e c p i i n rowl i epr td, ndt sa r f r 0 0 1 8 ) The rve k x e ton s a r y ntr ee a he tndad o e t bls ng t e s e e ofagt vers ofha m i li Se M ilr 240 F. at402. s a ihi he xit nc a ik r s lgh. e le , 3d Res ponde m us pr t a lga i ofgr vers by c e a c nt t ove he le ton a ik l ar nd onvi i e de i ncng vi nce n o d rt e tbl ht e c p i S eI r e o sa i he x e ton. e CARA, U. C. 9 0 ()2 ( . s 22 S. j 0 3 e()B) The e i no cea defni ofwha consiut g a rs Se Lui I c u v.G om e z s l r i don t tt es r ve ik. e s s hi z Gaca 27 F. u 3 33 , 5 @ . 20 7 (iigFre dc I, F.da 1 68. me ri, 4 S pp. d 9 3 0 Md. 1 ) ctn id h I 78 3 t 0 )So cotrsha hed t tdem ons r tng g a rs r quiesas lt ve l ha ta i t ve ik e r howi t tt c l woul be ng ha he hid d r t ne t a e r e ar d o n nvionm e i whih t c l woul e re wa ,f nnne ordie e,or nt n c he hid d xpe ince r a i s as t t r e i t t s i t e ofa ewhe et c ti t c hat he e x s s he erous hr at bus r he our n he ounty ofha t a r biu l t sde e c d notpz ec t c l Se Fre i h 1 ,78F. a 1060.O t rca e ha e i hc oul ot t he hid. e i drc I 3d t he s s ve hed t a t ponde m us esa ih by c e ra c ncng e de e a pate n ofs xua or l hat es nt t tbls l a nd onvi i vi nc tr e l ph sc l bus ofc i o pae i or e t i ok t Aril 1 @)g a rs e c pt yia a e hl r rntn d r o nv e he t e 3 rve ik x e i d c on. S ee .Da a ou v. Lae 38 F.d2 9(s Ci. 0 4. hl a u ed sa dad e . , n i r Mc r 6 3 8 1t t 2 0 ) W i n nwily tn r , e cour sa r e t tt ts t t chid m us bem or t f er l s rous' s Lti l chi t g e ha he ik o he l t e han f ey e i , ee zs s u, m : 2 4F. u 3 a 3 0(ii Fre rc I, F.da 1 8, ndt dee eT yn b 7 S pp. d. t 5 ct id ih I78 3 t 06 )a he fns f ot e ng ma usda ave cet l ae( tlkae t c i sbeti eet.' na ot 28 F.da e s hil o i t or ei t) he hl s ntrss' Da i m 6 3 t ég t d' ' 1 ( s Ci. 0 2 ( ot Ha ueI e na na Chl Abd c n Con nto Te ta 4 1 t z 2 0 ) qu i ng g ntz éo l id u éo ve i n: x nd Le a Anay i, FR. 04 4 1 , 0 O e tofS aeMa . , 9 6) s eas W as v. g l lss 51 1 ,9 , 051 p' t t r 26 1 8 )9 e lo lh W as 22 F. 2 4, 1 (s Ci. 00 )(f' tx oft aécerql e o yta t ham lh, 1 3d 0 2 8 1 t r2 0 f he e t he r l e li s nl h t he r x t be f i a orps hol i a, butc e m ake i c e rt t ha m m us be agr tde l physc l yc og c l' ont xt s t l a hat he r t ea a m o et a n i i l). r h n lnma. ' H e e Re pondenta guest tPe i rsphe r, s z ha étone ' nom ena dr a e,a al oft l ug bus nd l he rsc be vi t te a t sf om t ta e,esa he a g a rs t tL. W . r t n. ily ha or ha m na e r ha bus t bhs s r ve ik ha E. ' e ur S woul e d xpos li t physc lozps hol i a ha' orot t ieplce li i a i olr bl e nm o ia yc og c l t m hev s a nm n n nt e a e sm aton. s i i Re pondentm ake a c pelng a gum e t tPe i rhasbuithe lf a ound s om li r nt ha itone l r ie r dr g a e t cons que esofwli a e die u bus , he e nc lch r r . T l ug us unde ce t i cr um s a e ,...m a quaiyasgr ve rs conduc . <r t e, r ran ic t nc s y lf a -ik t' ' Mln tl v. we ka 9 F. u 2 2 7 2 4 ( Ma s 2 3, f' No. 3 1 6 , 01 a sd Pa z , 31 S pp. d 7 , 8 D. s. 01 ) a fd, 1 - 3 1 2 3 W L 7 9 9 ( s Ci. y8 2 3 (i i gnog a ers wheepei o rh d 8 91 2 1 t r Ma , 01 ) f n nd r v ik r tt ne a i 'f s c pt lyt tkngpsc a t s tnc s? ndocai l s e mai a ) us e i i o a i y ho ci ubsa e'a bit ve c sonal mok d tj na. y u Coursus at o- t p a oa t de e i whe he algatonsofdr us quaiy a a t e v se ppr ch o t = ne t r le i ug e lf s g a ers .fl h c r mu tfttdee mi ewh t rt ealge . . r gus i fc r v ik fgf e ou t s ls tr n ehe h l d . d u e n a t j e occ ê d.Be uê e yond t ,t c tm us c i raspa toft g a rs a l i how s h hat he ouz t onsde ê he r ve ik nayss uc c onduct i c im e woul afec t c l we e he t be z ur d t hi ha t l , f onff d, d f t he hid r o et ne o s biua r sde c . I . t 4- 5 ( tr lctto o ate ) Theei noc s lw t hep g det ei n e' d a 28 8 i e na iai n n i d . r s a e : o l ui he ? n t c ti as esi gr ve rs f t lvelofdr us pr e e he e. our n s sng a ik or he e ug e es nt d r Thecour i nota r ts wa e of and t pa tesha notpoi ed t a cas i vi t s e enot t oft dr , he ri ve nt o, ny es nvol ng he he r miy he ug a ee de d i t sca e The ea s i no c s 1w a es i t f t pr s nt d he e bus vi nce n hi s . r lo s a e a ddr sng he ac s e e e r , whe ei i obvi t Pe i rsr m pa dt a e wih t c l pr s nti t r ts ous hat étone ' a nt ug bus - t he hid e e n he hom ç t ea e t physca and ps hol i a wel- i oft chid. - hr t ns he i l yc og c l lbeng he l To be s e,c t ha f ur our s ve ound t tpa tdnz a e,sandi aone i i ufi intt ha s g bus .t ng l , s ns fce o c s u eag a rs S eTa 1 rv. ntNo. 1 CV5 0 2 3W L 6 0 3 a * ( D. on dt t rve ik. e o Hu , 4:2 3 , 01 2 9 4, t 8 E. Te . a 1 , 01 ) r o ta r c x J n. 1 2 3 , e r nd e omme to a td No. :2 V5 0, 0 3WL 6 7 5 ndai n do e 41 C 3 2 1 108 ( D. x Fe 1 , 01 )(iigS n h zv. a he , 01 W L 5 73 6 , t3( . Te . E. Te . b. 9 2 3 ctn a c e S nc z 2 2 3 4 1 a W D. x 20 2)rEv de eo p s a t ofdo si a us orpa td u a tvt i t eplc ofh bi zl 1 ) f i nc f a t cs me tc b e s r g ciiy n l a e a t a a a r sd n ei note ug f rt g a rs e c pto t a pl ); e as No i de v. e ie c s no h o he zve ik x e i n o p p' s e lo rn r Fu n e , 7 F.d 5 6 5 (t Ci. 01 )( h hae zd i i a d ugp o e ha e e t s 65 3 2 , 35 7h r 2 1 d vj tve rnkng nd t r blms v f e itd d no a fc t eo c he e' xse o t fe t h utome r . ). Li wie, t ha deci d t fnd gt ve rs whe et pa tdt a e oc uted ke s cours ve lne o i a ik t he s ug bus c t out i t pt enceoft c l otwhe e t ltons pst tpos d t ts ofdt a e sde he es he hid, t ea i hi ha e he ik ug bus ha ebe n a ndo d. e S n h zv. G. , 61F.d49 , 0 5 9 (t Ci. 01 )(i i v e ba ne S e a c e R. L.7 3 5 5 0, 0 5h t 2 4 fndng no ga rs whe e m ot re d r l ve i k r he nde eadons p wih boyfi nd who a e a ta fc d hi t re bus d nd t fike d u )l r Ha u A l a n No. 0 CV1 2 S 2 0 W L 4 9 5 2 a * 0 1( D. rgs; n e e i éo , 4:7 1 5 NL, 0 7 c 5 3 0 , t 1 -1 E. Mo. c 2 , 0 )(ee dn g a ers dee ewheepe ton rmanane drz-reh De . 8 20 7 rjc g rv ik fns r ii e iti d t fe ome g a d tr lnae ma i naus,a d wheep i rd t us wa no i ho o c id e ' n en i t d rj ua e n r ro rz e s t n me r hl r ns g pz s nc ) e e e. Butt lnatng f c or pr s nti t eca e a enotpt s nthe e whe e t he i ii a t s e e n hos s s t ee r , r he e dençeesa ihe t Pettone ' unml ntng a cton ta c vi t bls s hat ii rs e i ddi i r ns endse r ot ra pec of ve y he s t he lf ,wihoutr ga d t t c e nce t he c l The pe i r ie t e r o he ons que s o r hid. tdone i t sca eha a r n hi s s s a rng hi t y ofdr a e Peétone t tfe t usng c ai he oi c y t m e h, t gge i sor ug bus . i r esii d o i oc ne, r n, r sal t ma i n ,ttl mo ne Ox co i a Pec c t S a n it dusngc y tl t a rj a liai mhi , y ntn, nd r o e. he d lte i r sa meh nd ua n, D ia d i he hom ew hie L. W .se ,a t s li dr - na eym t ln a ludi n r l E. lpt nd o elng ugs m l ai nd ma i a - on t esre . u sr e fo t pa tt y a si l epo ii r sz sf ra rj na u h te t Dr g c e ns r m he s wo e r ncud st e tt o ve l va it ofilga s t nc ,i l ng c a ne,m om li ,Oxycontn,be re y le l ubs a es ncudi oc i lne i nzodi e ne az pi , m et hadone,a phet mi ,ketm i a m et m phe a ni D e pie algi f ley i he m a ne a ne, nd ha t r ne. s t le ng a s l n r Ve iid Pei t s hasbee f e ofilcts t sf t l s tvo ye r ,s ha zfe tdon hat he n r e lii ubsance or he a t a a s he s z lps d n r ust s I e d, tdon rt siidt ar lps i J l 2 7 a ha ea e ume o i . nd e Pei e e tfe o ea e n uy 01 nd d me post d u s r e a r c n l a De e r2 7a J nu r 20 8 Pe one' tsi n ii r g ce ns s e e ty s c mbe 01 nd a a y 1 . dé rs e tmo y ve s ugge t t ts pur has ctl asr ce l asD e e be 2017. s s ha he c ed l gs e nty n cm r Pe i tdone ,t he c e t ha s r o r r di, s oughtte m entf he dr g a e and he dr g r at or r u bus , r u s r e f t pas coupl ofm ont of2018 s c e ns or he t e hs ugges i pr m e . Pet t m ove nt But done ha ha r s d mudpl f e trs' uet n isn te t ntj ndr po tdt he do t i a ua y2 8 l e ç sat'd o lsi g t ame s a e re o r coz nl n r 01 r t ts had pur has unpr c i d s ha he c ed es rbe uboxoneof t s t G i n t al itd flehoods f he eee . ve he cm te a s i prors a e ent m adei c n i ttm s n onnec wih t sltga i t c ti .na et c e t don t hi ii ton, he out su bl o r di Pe i téone ' t fm ony t the dr g a eda a e ove . rs esi ha r u bus ys r r Thecour i de pl c e ned aboutt e f toft sdec de -ong drt a eon t s e y onc r he fec hi a sl z bus g L. W . E. The s ve iy ofPe ii rsdr us'a t efec si hashad on L. W .a eunlke e rt ttone ' ug e nd he f t t E. r i a t ng t c thasc e ac os i ot rH ague Conventon c s .Thee de e ny hi he our om r s n he i a es vi nc doc ent t s t illkei um s he ubsanta i lhood ofongoi s tncea e.Res ng ubsa bus pondentse r ,Dr ' xpe t . D al s t tfed t tar a e Foul e la , esii ha elps d xpos L. W .t ps c ogi la physca ha' D z e E. o y hol ca nd i l t m. . Be ge opi d t L. W .wa a gr vers ofps hol i a ha m fom Pe i rspa t r r r ne hat E. s t a ik yc og c l r r téone ' te n ofusng dru i he hom ew hieL. W .se upsaz orwa a s hool Pe i rscmz us i gs n r l E. lpt t is stc . téone ' l g e c e ry ha a e f ton L. W . asher s e m or t n 20 da ofs hooldurng t 2016 l a l s n fec E. , nis d e ha ys c i he 17 a deni ye zand w a t r 56 tm e . ca r c a s a dy i s Pe ii rscontnuouspul t dr f t rha l hç t e gei pe ious ttone ' i l o ugs urhe s ed r o nga n rl pe s lconduc i l ng pr ttz a e r ona t ncudi osi don nd xposng herchidt t m e wih da r a i l en o n t nge ous c i i lpa t . t rm na s s Alhough s c nm st ha abandone t slf s ye s r lye r a he l i o ve d hi ie t l eve a a s go, Re ponde ' wine sW a Cor t s iid t tPettone wor asa e cor asr ce l s nts t s yne by e tfe ha ii r ked n s t e nty a M a or u 2 7 Dr Dalstsi e t a p os u n r g lr i a' cae wih ctl s y l ne 01 . . l e ti d h t r ét do e ua l s s o itd t l g a i y s n a e,a t cour ca bus nd he t nnoti e t posi lt t Pe ii rm a z t n t pr étzi gnor he sbiiy hat ttone y e ur o os aton asam e ofs ans uppor i he dr ha t Pettone ' dr a e as hasc us he t tng r ug bi. ii rs ug bus lo a ed r o e po eL. W . q d ng r uspe pl, se i nc dbyt J ne2 7lte fo FACS x s E. t a e o o e a vdç e he u 01 etr r m m a daig n c ntc wihl n. n tn o o a t t oh l i cea t t c tt tPettone dee y ca esa t s l r o he our ha ii r pl r bouthe s Bvtt cout c nnot r on. he ta i et cla a c nc ng e de et tPe i rsdrz a e and aloft gnor he e r nd onvi i vi nc ha tdone ' t bus , g l he c e nc t r ,c ttzea gt vers t tL. W . unc ons que es he eof onsitt a ik ha E. ' S ondii lr ar t he tona etzn o r c t i Ca daw oul e us ody n na d xpos %i t physc lorps chol ca ha m orot r s pl e e m o ia y ogi l t he wie ac hi i a i oea est to S eHa eCo ve in, r. 3 m n n ntlrbl iuain. e gu n nto at1 98. I . N D E RTU V U N GS H e e t l t ng i ve entoft Ca di c ts t m a c l s r i e r , he ongsandi nvol m he na an our yse nd hid e v c a e ce i t l soft i fr l c iso tf rt tz oft i c idt t erjlidci n a g n is n he i ve hs ani re u o e t n h s h l o h i lrs ito nd y z c r .Equal i por a i t f ctt tRe ponde ,underc tor rnott r m ove t ae ly m t nt s he a ha s nt our de o e he chid f om O nt ro,si d hi a r st bor ri t de d ofni a f w hour bef e l r a i lppe m c os he de n he a ght e s or t Ca di c ztwast r vii c t is s D ecsonson t c t oft schid he na an otr o e st usody s ue . ii he usody hi l be 6ng be or t O ntro cour a cll s r e a nc e . l f e he ai t nd iid e dc ge i s TheH a Conve i a gue nton nd I CARA do notal Res low ponde t a c nt o bs ond wih t i cl d t t Unied St t si a efoz t l s ûl o he . a t ae n n f t t wz s jrs it fom Ca da a t ozte . s c , hec ur wi or rt ec l t be o e t u idc i r on na in u h iis As u h t o t l de h hi o l d r t ned t Ca eur o nada. W he e t r i a fndi ofgr vers c t a e f bound t or rt r t n of r he e s i ng a i k, our s r f not o de he e ur t c i ' Ha u Con nto a t 1 9 b ma d s i s fce pt e do i a f r e he hl ? g e ve in r. 3 $, ut y o o f ufiint ot c n s fo d d. d, Se Smc , 11F.d a 6 5 To n ikaet rs , ou t ma i eas tofe o c a e e i ox 5 3 t 0 . at t he ik c rs y mpos e nf r e bl condi éonson t r - n,ktown a unde t ngs I he et ur a s raki . mposng unde t ngsf lowsc t t i raki f l a ours o conducta e l i oft plce e optonsa lra s f gua dsi t c n vauaton he a m nt i nd e l a e r n he ounty of r ha m a r i ncet pr e ve t c l ss et whiet cour soft c r ha bi l esde o es t he hid' af y l he t hat ounty ve t oppor uniy t det rni c t oft c l e wihi t physc lbounda i oft i he t t o e r ne usody he hidr n t n he ia res het jrs ido 'LusIct 2 4 F. u 3 a 35 5 (uo igW as 2 F.d a 21 ) S h u idc n. i sli 7 S pp. d t 4- 5 q tn lh, 21 3 t 9 . uc ' u, unde t l r adngss d be ffm ie i s houl di t d n cope a f t rt Conventon' goa of.ns i t l nd urhe he i s l e urng he p o rt n o t c l t t jts id ofha i l eie e s ta t j idcin r mpt eur f he hi o he t idc on d z bma rsd nc , o h the urs ito c nr s vet c sod cs ut.' r n, 2 F.d a 1 5 ( uo gDa i om 2 6F.da a e ol he u t y l p e' Ba a 5 6 3 t 3 0 q én na t 8 3 t i ' 2 ) Theun radn as ma T c o daeg o h t i tr s i t ec l swefr (nd 2. de tl gs lo y f ' mmo t b t j he n e e t n h hi ac d' lae a ) t i e essoft count' oft chid' ha tz r sde e.' a D eSa v.Va D e he ntr t he t y he l s bit e i nc 'V n al nde n S nde 4 F.d 5 7 5 s7 (t Ci. 0 ) a , 31 3 6 , 71 2 7h r 20 5 . Thi ca ei rpef unde t ki .Alhough t c ' ha f s s s i or r a ngs t he out s ound t tL. W .f ce a t ha E. a s gr vers i z ur d,t szs c n be l tgat pe ng t Ca di c tsoppor- t t a ik f et ne hi ik a nii ed ndi he na an our' t yo uni m a a f s ec t de e r nai Thee r st siyng on be l ofRes ke ulom us ody t rni ton. xpe t e tfi ha f ponde nt f us d on t ps hol ca ha m ofl ng wih Peédone .Ase aned by t N i h oc e he yc ogi l r i vi t r xpli he nt Cic t dt H a Conve i pr desonl apr sona,s tt r r m edyi or rt r ui, fhe gue nton ovi y ovii l hor-e m e n de o p t tl g tr c t dypr e digst tk plc i t homej id c n,( )t e e- on -e m uso oc e n o a e a e n he mi urs iéo t h hus gr ve-ik i r s d beconc r d onl qr h t de eeofha m t c d oc u.i t 'a rs nquiy houl e ne y i he gr t r hat oul c t n he i dit f ar . Ga i v. ni, 5F.d 1 28 1 3 (t Ci. 0 5 . mme ae utze' udn Re ns 41 3 0 , 0 7 9 h r 2 0 ) : Thus t c tst k now i t de e n i how t m ant i L. W .Ss e y fom , he out ' as s o t r nne o i an E. ' af t r gr ve rs pe ng t Ca di c tsoppor niy t c a ik ndi he na an our' m t o onductispr e ngs I cl i t oce di . n osng a gu ent a i pos -ra bre i t c utas d 10t pa te t pr r m s nd n ttil i fng, he ot ke 7 h r is o opos unde t ki e ra ngs t twoul e ur L. W .Ss f y i hew e e or r d t ber t ned.Theunde t ngs ha d ns e E. ' a et f r de e o e ur raki pr opos by t pa te we es rki l sm ia .The pa tes10t pr ed he r is r ti ngy i lr ri 3 h opos t Pe ii r e hat ttone 33 s d as itRe pondenti r tzni t Ca dawihoutf tofc i i a e nson,a houl ss s n eat ng o na t ea tm nal ppt he i nd t t 201 c t or rs d bei f c pe ng f t ror roft Ca di n c t hat he 2 usody de houl n or e ndi' urhe de he na a our. Thecour a e wih t pa test tL. W . s f t c n be e ur d,a t pum os oft t gr es t he ri ha E. ' a e y a S ns e nd he e he H a e Conve i f f e i t 201 c t or ri r s ôr d a t ope atng or rand gu nton ulild, f he 2 usody de s e t e s he r i de Res ponde c n t t r t Ca dawih L. W .n hi c t s t the m a pa tcpa ei nt a e u n o na t E. i s usody o ha y r ii t n t Canadin c t det m i ton. he a us ody er na i Si a t t cr um sa esa is i Sa a v. ea de,106 F.Supp.3d 689,710 nùlr o he ic t nc t s ue n bo l V lr ( Md. 1 ) t ec r h sbe n ma a r t tt r i aci na i veég tona d 1 3. 20 5 , h ou t a e de wa e ha he e s rmi l n s ai n posi e c r a ns Res sbl ha ge gai t ponde f l vi Ca dawih L. W . t nt or ea ng na t E. wihoutPettone ' ii zs c entand a i tt cour ' or r N o or z oft sc tc n s r e t e si ons gans he ts de . de hi our a upe s de he xitng N ove be a D ec be 2017 cus ody or ê fom t Ca din cour orpz ve c i i l m r nd em r t de s r he na a t e nt rnlna c r sfom pr e lng i Ca da a i tRe pondent H owe r i wor ng t t rwih ha ge r oce ci n na gans s . ve , f ki oge he t . t Ca a in a t rt s t p risc n ar n et ()h vet tmpor r a fn lc t d he n da u ho ii ,he a te a ra g o 1 a he e a y nd i a uso y e or r ent r d on N ove be 22,201 a D ec m be 21 2017 vac t d,s t tt de s e e m r 7 nd e r , a e o ha he un ryn S ptmbe 2 , 01 ji c t yo de i r i ttd a ()arng t ha t e delig e e r 6 2 2 ont usod r r s ensae , nd 2 ra e o ve h c i i lc r sa i tRes rm na ha ge gans ponde dir s ed ort i si nt snis he nye tgaéon cos d,t lga l e he e l lnds pewoul r t n t t sa' quo a t tm e oft r m ova.The Res a ca d e ut o he t t us t he i he e l n ponde è n nt a t ke t cll bac t O nt zo f c t pr ee ngs The c tM71die t pa te t a he lid k o a i or usody oc di . our 1 r ct he ri s o 1 ma a rng me t t f l t s un ra ng wi n sxy (0 da s Co s lf r10 h ke ra e n s o u o he e detki s t i t 6 ) y . un e o 7 t hi pa te s l s i afi visozs dul asat c e e e t r por on t s z is hal ubnnt fda t che e t us onf r nc o e t he e ar n me sa t e oft sx y( )d ytmepei . ra ge nt t he nd he it 60 a i rod I t s unde t ngsa e m e ,t cour wilor rt t t r ofL. W .t Ca da by f he e raki r t he t l de he e a n E. o na Re ponde a a Res s nt nd t ponde ' e nts xpens Pe ng t r s péon oft Ca din c t e. ndi he e um he na a us ody pr ee ngs t pa éess l bego r by t Sept m be 26,2012 fna c t or r oc di , he r hal ve ned he e r i l usody de . N e t rpa t s l r m oveL. W .fom t N i ga a Re on,O nt ro,Ca dawihouta ihe r y hal e E. r he a r gi ai na t n e e sor roft Ca din c tpe t ti L. W .Sr m ova.Thecour' s aed a e dxpr s de he na a our rnitng E. ' e l ts e l gr e t or re e ed M a c 15 2018 a s wilr m an i e f tpe ng t r s uéon oft s o de ntr rh , lo l e i n fec ndi he e ol hi a to Thec ur frhe s lrq r tepate t ta l tfrh t te61 r c r (e ld cin. o t ut r hal e uie h ris o rnsni o twih h 1 e o d sae 1 a u e ld oft se i e ir he rn ,ncudn al e digs o de s r po t,a d nd ns ae ) hi v d ntay ai g i l ig lpla n , r r, e rs n tans rpt ,8t t Ca din c tpr i ng ove t c t pr e ng,FACS Ni ga a, r c i sl o he na a our esdi r he usody oc edi a r a The Canadin Chidr n' La t A sag e t by t pa ée a t e de ir he tng, nd a l e s wye . r ed o he r s t he vi nta y a i t pa tess l s i t cos ofor rng t tans rpt . he ri hal plt he t de i he t c i s Thepa éesr quese a tona unde t dngs Re ponde t que t d t tPe ii r r e t d ddii l ral . s nt e s e ha ttone z l s dr t t,t e t e r c ds a m edialr or t t cour a as a usconf r nc eea e ug es s r a m nt e or , nd c ec ds o he t t tt ee e and r r t dr t s st be cea The c tar dy ha s en ye r ofdru t tr s t equie he ug e t o l n. our lea se as g es e uls a ha c e t t c uson t tPetéone hasa s rousdr a epr e .Furhe nd s om o he oncl i ha i r ei ug bus oblm t r dru t tng r or : 1notc nge t cour ' fndi .Ra he ,t c tV I a ce g-es i ec ds d1 ha he ts i ngs t r he our I c pt Pe ii rspr ttone ' opos unde t dng t tnet rpa t t dru f whih t y do notha a ed ral ha ihe r y ake gs ot c he ve cur e pr s rpton.Re ponde as r que t d t Pe ii rs r nt e c i i s nt lo e s e hat ttone ubmi alne-t fna il t i iem i nca budgett de onst t fnancils o m ta e i a uppor . t The c tc i rst si or a i notr lva ouz onsde hi nf m ton ee nt t isdetr ana o t e n i éon ofgr vers a w11notor t sundera ng. a ik nd 1 der hi t ki 1Th c uth srtie c td o e jun l a is ei ti ad nwih u a mid t m i oe ie c . c u t 8 e o r a ean d uso y v ro ras tsu n bs c o to t d tng he nt vd n eThe o r wi mant ncso yo e t ju n lpe igrsl o o ti aé n whihs tdp o iea l t frte l i a utd v rhe o r as ndn eoud n fls c o , c hot r vd mpe i o h l i z l me Ca a inc utt rq etteju l nre in e e frhec so ypo e dn .f s c rq et a b e ma e n da o r o eu s h o ma e tis f e d d o t u td rce ig I no u h e u s h s e n d , t nteju l wi b rt ne t tezo e. he h o mas l e et d o h i wn r l u 35 lt s c f he e ondii a em et L. W . oul bepl e i a envionm e t thasbee tons r , E. w d ac d n n t nt ha n pr vi l s n t be s e a t c e woul r t n t t saa squo a t tm e oft e ousy how o af , nd he as d e ur o he t tz t he i he wr ongf r m ovalAlhough t sa t nge entdoe r t s eac i t undo wha ul e . t hi r a m s equie om ton o t Res ponde haswr nt ought i woul adva i e naéona c iyt a m uch gr a e de r e ,t d nce nt r l onlt o 'e t r g e t t at r i w hi i t de t Pe ii out han he le natve, ch s o ny he tton dght . V.FEE S AN D CO ST S TheH a Conventon a ise bhng l g sa t r acour t or tt gue i nd t na e il éon equie t o de he r ponde t pa t pettone ' ne es a y e ns i t cour or r t r tzn oft es nt o y he ii rs c s r xpe es f he t de s he eat he c l unl s s h a a r woul be f e ry i ppr i e.'H a z Conve i a t 26;22 hid, e s uc n wa d d f a l na oprat ' gte cl nton, r. U. C. 9 0 9 2U.. j9 0 $()Wihts c t tea r ofat ne ' fe a dc ss S. j 0 7 2 SC. 0 7q 3. t epe t o h wad tor ys e s n o t, . I CARA pr des ovi : Any Cour or rng t r ar ofa c l pur ua t a a ton t de i he etzn hid s nt o n c i br ought unde s c r e éon 9003 of t s tte s l or r t hi il hal de he rs e pondentt pa nec s r e ns i ur e by or on beha f o y es a y xpe es nc r d l of t petéone ,i l ng cour c t,l ga f es f tr hom e he i r nc udi t os s e l e , ose orot rca e durng t c s oft pr e ngsi t a i he r i he our e he oce di n he cton, a ta poraton cos sz l e t t r t r oft c l unl s nd r ns t i t eat d o he e- n u he hid, es t zs he e pondent e tbls s t s h an a d w oul be cea l sa ihe hat uc war d l ry i ppr i e na oprat . 2 U.. j9 0 $() 2 SC. 0 79 3. Und rt Ha u Con e éon a a r off e a c t sr e t p pos s () e he g e v n , n wad e s nd oss e v s wo ut e : 1 tt r s or t a i ntt t hna i lposton he ozs w oul ha be n i ha t z ço e t e he pplca o he nc a ii he d ve e n d he e be n noz mo a o r tnto 'a ()fo dee s h r mo l rr t n in. Ha e e e v l z e e in, nd 2 f tz uc e va o ee to ' gu ' t ' Co ve i Te ta d Le a Anay i, Fe Re .1 49 -0 , 0 1( a . 6 1 8 ) A pa t n nt on; x n g l lss 51 d. g 0 4 1 1 51 M r 2 , 9 6 . ry s el an a a d ofa t ne sf esm us s e dng w r tot y' e t ubmi adequat e de de alng t hot t e vi nce t ii he us wo k d a hsorhe r ts S eHe l v Ec e h r, 61U.. 2 4 3 (9 3 . r e nd i r ae . e nse . k r a t 4 S 4 4, 3 1 8 ) Peii rs e r as bl a nec s r e ns ,i l ng a t ne sf es s t ttone e ks e ona e nd es a y xpe es ncudi tor y' e , ui m one expens ,and cos s Se Ve ii d Pe .f Rear ofChid t Ca da,ECF N o.1,a y, es t . e rfe t or tzn l o na t 2 T l her s nde ti ar t z a to ha t op raniyt s ow wh a a r o 3.f l e po n n eu n cin s he po tz t o h r y n wa d f ne s a y e ns st apr vnlngpettone woul bec e ry i ppr i t .'D a i 746 ce s r xpe e o e ii ii r d l a l na opra e' rn, F.da 1 -2 seas W halnv. nn, 5 F. 1 , 4 (s Ci. 0 4 (i l gt 3 t 9 09e lo l o L 3 6 3d 38 1 0 1t r 2 0 ) fncn he i r ponde ha t bur t esa ih t ta f e orexpens or rwoul be cea l es nt s he den o tbls ha e e de d l ry i pp o rae . na r p it) Pe ii rhast opporuniy t s i any e de ofhe r s bl a ttone he t t o ubnat vi nce r ea ona e nd ne e s r e pe e ,ncudn e i nc ofat r ysho r a r t s wihn sx y(0 da so c s ay x ps s i l ig vde e to ne ' u s nd ae , t i it 6 ) y f t e r oft i o d r Se He l , 61U.. t43 (e ltn r q ssf rat r ysf e t he nty h s z e . e nse 4 S a 3 r ql ig e ue t o to ne ' e s o i i l ea q t e de ed tiigho swo k da h sorhe r ts. fPe tone s bt t ncud de uae vi nc eal n ur r e nd i r ae) l d i r u nis s c e d n e Reponde tw1 ha t it (0 da st t s u h vie c , s n 1 ve h ry 3 ) y o epondt t t q s, ndpt vi 1 o he e ue t a o de a a gum e a t w hy a a d ofnec s r e ny r nt s o n wr es a y xpens woul bei ppr es d na opdat undett e e hes crumsa e. . S sxCli rnS r sv. ri, 9F. u 2 7 , 4( D. . ic tnc s CfE. use ll e ev . Mo rs 91 S pp. d 21 73 N. W d Va 20 3 rf i n t eRe pon nt'fn nca c ii s t ywoud bee tt l una l t . 1 ) g ve h s de s i a il ondton , he Gl l n iey b e o pa s h a a r Thus i woul bec e zy i ppz i e t g a a a r ofator ys y uc n wa d. ,t d l a l na oprat o z nt n wa d t ne f sa c t asPedtone ha notpr e ed a qua ee dencet s t néat s h a ee nd oss i z s es nt de t vi o ubs a e uc r q e ta Re p e t wo dbeu b et pa a ya u ofa a r '. tto rma e u s nd s ond n s ul na l o y n mo nt n wad. Pei ne y ) i fl a yr pl wihn f u te (4 d y of s nde ' fl . l n e y t i o re n 1 ) a s Re po nt ing e s i W .CO N CLU SI N O Ba e on t ç f e ng,i i he e O RD ERED t Pedtone Ta my M ae sd l ot goi t s r by a hat i r m W e t' Veii dPei o f fe-r ofChl t Ca da( No. )i rzs tie tt n or k t n i u id o na ECF 1 s CO N D I TION M LY GRAN T ED .The c twilot tt r k n ofL. . .t Ca out l de he etu! E W o nada , p o i e t pa te p o d p oof t n sx y( 0 d y t tt ef lwig c iins r v d d he ris r vie r wi it 6 ) a s ha h ol n ondto , hi o whi woul r i t t t s a' quo att tm eoft wr ch d e nsa e he t t us he i he ongf r m ova , vebe ul e l ha en s dsè a fed: 1 Tha t sc t diput ber ubnlte t t Canadin cour s and a . t hi usody s e es it d o he a t, he rng s a i cheduld. e Tha t pa tesa eet a k t Canadin cour t va t t N ovem ber22, t he ri gr o s he a t o ca e he 2017 a D e em be 21,2017 c t or r ,a r i tt t Se e be 26, nd c r usody de s nd ensa e he pt m r 201 ot rpe ng a f t rhe dng. 2 de ndi ur he a 3. Tha t pa test keal s e nec s a y t ha dir s ed orcos d a t he ri a l t ps e s r o ve snis l e ny pe ng c i i com pli s i s i tons ozc r i Ca daa i t ndi rm nal ant, nve tga i , ha ges n na gans Res ponde , e a i t li r m ova oft c l nt r l tng o ls e l he hid. 4. Tha ,onceL. W . sr ur d t Ca da by Re ponde ,t pa tesa r e t t E. i et ne o na s nt he ri g e hat net rpa t s l r m ove %i fom t Ni ga aRe i O nt ro,Ca ihe r y hal e m r he a r g on, a i nada wihoutan e es or roft Ca din cour pe m itng L. W .Sr m ova. t xpr s de he na a t t ti E. ' e l Tha t pa te a eet tnet rpa t s l t kea dr f whi t y do t he ri s gr ha ihe r y hal a ny ugs or ch he nOtha c r ntPr s rptons ve ur e e ci i . Tha t pate ta ni frh t t flrc r (elda unsae )oft s t he ris rnsnt o twih he ul e o d sae nd eld hi e denta yhe i i l ng alpl di ,or r , e t ,a ta c i s t vi ir azng, ncudi 1 ea ngs de s r pors nd r ns rpt, o t Canadin c ztpr i ng o rta cus ody pm ce di FA CS N iga a and he a olr esdi ve le t e ng, a r, t Canadin Chidr n' La r The pari s l s r t e ns of he a l e s wye . tes hal ha e he xpe e or rng t tans rpt. de i he r c i s 38 Upon pr t tt s c tonsa e s ised,t c twil s ue afna or r oof ha he e ondii r ats he our l i s i l de c riyng t t c e tfi hat he ondii ha bee m et m a tng c plancev't t ls e tons ve n , nda i om i ih he it d unde t ki ,a or rng t r t r ofL. W .t Ca da r a ngs nd de i he e u n E. o na . I i FURTHER ORDERED t a Peiine i penate sx y( )d y t fl a ts h t t o r s r itd it 60 a s o t n t e a piai fratz y 'e sa e p n e, s e s al vetit (0 dast p lc t o to ne s fe nd x e s sRepond nt h lha lry 3 ) y o on n r s , nd Pe ton rma f ea yr pywihi f re n ( 4 da s epond a d i e y l n e l t n ou te 1 ) y . l An a opzat O r rwilbeent r d t sda ppz i e de l e e hi y. s te,o s - y o -a o (Jne d r / w/ - 2.- . l i: .7 c--r . ;. f M iha F. ba , c el Ur xs n Che Unie S ae Ditit ud e if td ft s stc l g

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