Jackson v. Bennett, No. 7:2017cv00166 - Document 25 (W.D. Va. 2018)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Chief Judge Michael F. Urbanski on 5/7/2018. (slt)
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CLERKS OFFIE U. . ST. C 3 DI COUR' ' AT ROANOKE, VA FI LED I THE UNI S N TED TATESDI TRI COURT S CT FO R TH E W E STER N DI RI O F V I G I I ST CT R N A R O A N O K E D I SI VI ON MAY 22 2 1 28 J ULW . DUD BY; , CLERK K CH A UN CEY X JA C K SO N , Pl ntf , ai if C i lA c i N o.7: 7- vvi t on 1 c 00166 V. M EM ORANDUM OPI ON M ADRJANNE BENNETT, D ef endant . By: Hon.M i hae F. bans c l Ur ki C hi fUni e St t sD i t i tJudge e td a e src Cha unce J J c o aVigi a i aepr e ngpr K ,c m m e edt sa ton y . a ks n, r ni nm t oce di o o nc hi c i pu s n t 4 U.. j1 3.Plitf n me Ad in eBe net wh i t eCh i ro o t e rua t o 2 SC. 98 anif a s rn n n t o s h apes n f h VignaPa oeBo r (t ad', stes l d fnd n.Pli t fa g e t a hee pe n e cu l r i i r l a d ( r ' a h oe ee a t ani r u s h t x de c s r e Bo ) f a unus lpunihm e by be ng de e a m e ni ulopport iy t obt i pa ol r e e, n nd ua s nt i ni d a ngf tm t o a n r e el as i vi ai n oft Ei h and Foure nt Am e ol to he ght te h ndme soft Unie St t sCo tmton. nt he t d a e nsi i De e d n fldamo inf rs mmayj d me tt whc Plitf rs n e o to tme1 fn a t i e to o u r u g n, o ih an if epo d d u f i . Afe rviwigt rc r ,h c u t n sDee d n ' moinf rs mmayj g n . tr e e n he e o d t e o r wa t fn a ts to o u r ud me t 1. Pl i i fha c m it d m uli ef l es i udi homi i be or J n r 1 1 a ntf d om te tpl e oni , ncl ng cde, f e a ua y , 995, , a whiesxt n ye r ol Hewasc ced of i e ai ,fr tdeg e mur ra s nt nc nd l i ee a s d. onvi t , nt r la is- r e de nd e e ed ' OnN O m be 28, 2001 t lf i p ionme f rt tcrm ez Pli ifhasbee e i bl f ve r o ie m rs nt o ha i . antf n lgi e or , dicei r par e, ruantt Vigi aCodej53.-65.,snc Ocobe 26,2007. s rtona y ol pus o r ni 11 1 i e t r Jackson v. Bennett Doc. 25 1 antf ha untl ove be 28 201 t fl hi r s ei oppo iin t t m oton f s m ay Pli if d iN m r 7 o ie s e pons n sto o he i or um r j g n,u h ddn t a dit pio ofcasfrmal rutlateeris, nDee e 2120 7 Se... udmetb t e i o h n to rsn fiil o ii ni,th al to cmbr , 1 . ee2, n e Ho so v La k 4 7U. 2 6 2 5(9 8 (e ciigtep lo - i o r ll Gii ap o. c mpan te u tn . c , 8 S. 6 , 7 1 8 ) d srbn h rs nmal x ue. vng r K o lith b be i ofalber co tucto doe notme t tt oc dur lr e i or nay cvi ltgaton s dbeit r ee neft i al nsr in s an ha s e a uls n di r i l ii i houl pr n epr td s ast exc em it sbyt ewhopr ee wihoutc el' M c elv.Unie Stt ,508U . 106,11 o o us sake hos oc d t ouns . ' N i td aes S. 3 (9 3 ; vn v Jr s 1 7F.d1 98 1 0 ( 1hCi.1 9 )(liea c n tu to d e no menl rl 1 9 ) Wa e . avi, 9 3 0 , 1 4 1 t r 9 9 sa r l o srcin o s t a i a tb be d a l e .) Plitf h sn tmo dfra e tn ino t , i e b fr o atrt d a l ep se . e di s'. anif a o ve o n xe so f i et r eoe r fe he e di as d n ' me h n Ac odn l t c utd e n tc n ie teu tmeyrs o s i o po io t temoinfrs mmayj d me t c r igy,he o r o s o o sd r h ni l ep n e n p st n o h to o u r u g n. i 2Pl ntf wa as c ce ofatm ptdr r , usng afr r d i af l a c pki t ai if s lo onvitd te e obbe y i ieam urng eony, nd ons ng o c m i af ony. om t el Dockets.Justia.com Sn ea la t2 6 Plitf h srq e tdt a t eBo r c n ie h ssausa aj ve ie ic t e s 01 , an if a e u se h t h ad o sd r i tt s u nl ofe ra hi de opi m aurt ass c fcf t si s f nde nd s vel ng t iy pe ii acor n uppor ofpa ol r e e. Pl i ifha t r e elas antf s e anedt t Boa d t theha r i d i r cto fe i prs f m a yea s a hi d xpl i o he r ha s ema ne nfa i n r e n ion or ny r , c eve e u aina mi so e , itie ap io o f r n y asi dfe e t a iiis b e d c to l l t n s manan d rs nj b o ma y e r n ifr n f clte , e n e hous d i at ii Be vi Uni, a be n m a red snceFe a y 21 201 e n E tve ha or t' nd e pos ' ri i bnzr , 4. Pl i t f ha be n de e pa ol r l a e e y ye rhe ha be n r vi w e I 201 t a n if s e ni d r e e e s ver a s e e e d. n 7, he Boa d ex ai d isde alby notngt s rousna ur a c r um sa c ofhi c i ,t t r pl ne t ni i he e i t e nd ic t h es s rmes ha r l a ewoul di nih t s ro ne sofhi c i e , ha hei silars t t co muniy. ee s d mi s he e i us s s rm s t t s tl ik o he m t Pli tf c l , s ont r pe t d de as t thewilha aG f t s nt nc oflf a n if oncudes ba ed he e a e ni l, ha l ve d aco e e e ie de wihoutpa ol .'Asr le ,Pli ifwa st Boa d beco pe ld t s ii a l c i r t r e' ei f a ntf nt he r m le o pecfc ly onsde tu nl o fnd rsa 'a afco frpaoer la e j ve ie fe e tms' s a tr o r l ee s . TheBoadrlesonisS r eDe ii Fa tr'(s cor' t deemi paol r l s r ei t û ol cson co s'çFa t s' o tr ne r e eea e. pa ) The Facor hep t Boa d de det pr ba lt t ta i t wilc t s l he r ci he o biiy ha n nma e l ompl wih co to of y t ndii ns r l as a l d al w- bi i lf i t c e e e nd ea a a d ng ie n he ommuniy. To t te t Fa t sr quie t ha nd,he c or e r c i r ton of a r l s pl n;f m iy a c m m uniy r s c 'a prore re e w hie on ons de a i : e ea e a a l nd o t e our es ny i xpe i nc , l s pe v s r l a e c nge i m otvai nsa be vi s i tt i lbe vi r t tm ear a u r ied e e s ; ha s n i to nd ha or ; nsiutona ha o ; he i le dy s r edf a i e v or n mpos s t nce'hec i e'o r l c i i lhit y r co d;a rs t t ed en e , t rm , ve al rm na sor e r nd ik o he c omm t t The Boa d ha t dic ei t de pa ol r l as i i doe no ha s f int miy. r s he s r ton o ny r e e e e f t s t ve ufk e c i ncei a i na e' a lt t s c d o doe no bei vepa ol r l s woul s r et onfde n n nf t s biiy o uc ee r s t le r e eea e d e v he i e e t ofs i t a t i a e nt r s s oc e y nd he nm t . I I. A pat i e tte t s mmayj g n i t pla ig ,h d s ls dmaeil o fl, ry s nild o u r ud me t f he e dn s t e ico e tras n ie a a afi viss w t tt r i no ge nediput a t a m ae ilf c . Fe R.Ci P. nd ny fda t ho ha he e s pui s e s o ny tra a t d. v. 5 () M aeil a t aet o en c sayt etb iht eee n so ap ry sc u eo a to 6 a . tra fcs r h s e e s r o sa ls h lme t f a t' a s f cin. An e s nv. b ryLo b I c, 7U. 2 2 2 8( 9 6 .A g n i ed s u eo maeil a t d ro Lie t b y,n .47 S. 4 , 4 1 8 ) e u n ip t f tra f c e ssi,i vi wi a s i ee de e a a lr as bl i e e esdr t r fom i alght xit f n e ng dmi sbl vi nc nd 1 e ona e nf r nc awn he e r n i mos f vo a et t non- ovi pa t ar s t a r bl o he m ng ry, ea onabl f tfnde c dr t n ave ditf rt e ac-i r oul eur r c o he non- nt J. Themovi pa t ha t bur nofs wi -çha i, ntngou t t mova . I L ng ry s he de ho ng d t s poi i t o he t diti tc t t tt r i a abs nceofe de e t s ppo tt nonm ovi pary' c s ' src our - ha he e s n e vi nc o u r he ng t s a e. ' Ceoe Co p v. tet4 7U. 3 7, 25( 9 6 .l temo a tstsist i bld n t nt e ltx r . Cart, 7 S. 1 3 1 8 ) f h v n aife hs t e ,he h r non- ova m us s tf t s cii f c s t tde onsr t t e s e e ofa ge ne di put of m nt t e orh pe fc a t ha m t a e he xi t nc nui s e fc frtil I a 3 2 2 .A pat i e tte t s mmayj d me ti t ea misb ee ie e a t o ra. d. t 2 - 4 ry s n ild o u r u g n f h d s il vd nc a >whol c d notlad ar tona tiro f c t fnd i f vo oft non- ova . W iln sv. s e oul e a i l re f a t o i n a r he m nt lim Grfi, 5 F.d 8 0 8 ( t Ci.1 91.S eeu s p o td s e ulto . .sn te o g t ifn 9 2 2 2 , 23 4h r 9 ) ç r n u p re p c ain . i o n u h o M d fa asl r u g n mo in' En sv. tl sno Bus & Ed c Ra i I c, 3F.d ee t l mmayj d me t to . ni Na' As' f . u . do.n .5 3 ' 5 , 2( t Ci.1 9 ) A p an ifc nn tu ear s o s t amoi nfrsl r j d me t o 5 6 4h r 9 5 . litf a o s e p n e o to o l mma y u g n t n n o c re tac mplitc alng dbyt emoinf rs mmayj d me t Cl a i e v. me d r o r c o an h l e e h to o u r u g n . o nng r M c vit 555F. 324,336( hCi. ) De t 3d 4t r 2009 . 111. Pli ifprncpal r le onGrl v. orda,560U. 48 68( 0) a M ilrv. antf i i ly eis amm Fl i S. , 201 , nd le Alba ,567U. 460,465( 2) a t ma tr pr c n rquii t Boadt a ma S. 201 , s he ndao y e ede t e rng he r o s cfc l c nsd rh s u e i o fn e sau .Th c u t id ta n ih rGrh m n rM i e pe iial o i e i j v nl fe d r tt s e o r fn s h t et e a a o l r y e l c nr l a dt tDee a t se tte t j d me ta amatro lw. o tos n ha fnd n i n ild o u g n s te f a Gr h m h l t t h EihhAme me t e urssae t pr vd aj v nieo fn e a a ed ha t e g t nd n r q ie tts o o ie u e l fe d r c n ce o an n o cd o fn eç o me nn f l p o tn t t o ti rla e(r m o vitd f o h mii e fe s ç me a ig' o p ru iy o ban ee s fo s u prs bas o de tae maurt a rha ltton. Grhn 560U. a 75.Pli if ion) ed n monsrtd t iy nd e biiai ' a m, ' S. t antf wa c s onvi t d o , i e ala fr tde e homi i a t sGr mm doe no a yhe e. c e f ntr i , s - gr e cde, nd hus al s t ppl r 3 M ilrhe d t tt Ei h Am e le l ha he ght ndme f r dsas ntncngs he et tm a t salf nt o bi e e i c m ha nda e ie s ne ewih u p si ii o p r l f r u ni sc n itdo ho cd o fns s M ilr 5 7 e tnc t o t o sblt f a oe o j ve l o v ce f miie fe e . le , 6 y e U. 48 .W hl Pli t fma h v be naj ve iec n itdo ah miieo fn e h c n o S. 9 ie ani y a e e u nl o v ce f o cd fe s , e n n t f e t iht thewass ntnc t ma t ylf a wiho aposi lt ofpa ol Se jaa sabls ha e e ed o ndaor ie nd t ut sbiiy r e. e ..t l 476( i ma t ys ntncngsam e ,d t i naur pr cudeas ntnc rfo tki notng ndaor e e i tt s G her t e, e l by e e e r m a ng a c u t fa o fn e ' a ea dt we lho c aa trsisa d cru tn e atn a t oi'. c o n o n fe d rs g n he at f h r ce itc n ic msa c s te d n t t) ' Vigi adi no ma t ama t y lf s nt e, onesv. r ni d t ndae ndaor ie e enc J Comm onwe 1h,293 Va 29,40at . 42, 7 S. 2 70 , 1 1 ( 0 7 , n P an ifa l wld e h i eiil f rp r l.S e 95 E.d 5 71 - 2 2 1 ) a d litf cc e g s e s lgb e o a oe e no M o to r v Lo iin ,1 6S. . 8 7 7 ( 1 )( Saema r me yaM i e vo ai n nR mey . u sa a 3 Ct 71 , 3 20 6 ç tt y e d W l r ilto l b p r ti j v nl h mii eo fn e st b c n i ee f rp r l,ah rt nb y emi ng u e ie o cd fe d r o e o sd rd o a oe rt e ha y t rs ntnci t m.'. e e e ng he ' ) Pl i ifa ksw he he i w o d be be t rf t Fac o s t s cii a l c i rhi a ntf s t r t ul te or he t r o pe f c ly ons de s d veo me tsn ec mmit ci sa aj v nl .Ho ve, et e Grhn n rM i e e lp n ic o ti rme s u e ie we r n ih r a m o l r ng l co pe sar a we t t quesi t ough t lnsoft Ei h Ame m l l ns r o hat ton hr he e he ght ndme ,a Pl ntf s nt nd ai if 3Pl ntf r la onadititt rtc s 9om t Ea tr D ititofN orh Car i i sm ial ai ifs eince src ou a e he se n src t olna s i lry miplc d Theplitf i Ha d nv. l r l 4F. up 3 1 0 ,1 01( D. C. 01 )s c esul c aln e s ae . anif n v e Kel , 3 S p. d 0 0 0 E. N. 2 5, u csf l h le g d e y ap r l po esa aj v nl ofn e wh c mmie an n o cd ci a drc ie alf sne c wi o the aoe r c s s u e ie fe d r o o t d o h miie rme n e ev d ie e tn e t u t t h pos i lt ofpar e. sbiiy ol r le le wih Vigi a' e c i a lgil tveofii l .Ac r ngl De e nti e ild e if is t r ni s xe utve nd e sai fc a s co di y, f nda s ntte t s mmayj g n a amatro 1w f rteEihhAme d n cam. o u r ud me t s te f a o h g t n me t li I . V Pl ntf i ai if nvokest DuePr e sCl us oft Foure nt Am e he oc s a e he te h ndme butr t aest t nt eier t ha h sa g me t(sn t h tg )h gqb e u a l t o ti p r l . Co e ue ty t ec u tr as i r u n t o t a he as e n n b e o b an a oe' ns q nl ,h o r te t i ' t c a m a a pr ed a ,a nota s t ntve due pr e s c le he l i s oc ur l nd ubs a i , oc s ha l nge. Toesa ih m i malpr e alduepr s r quie nt a t bls ni oc dur oce s e r me s boutpa ol t Boa d mus r e,he r t d ç mo et ng r vd qasae n o ra o sid c t t teimaewh p r l h sb e oç no r ha p o ie ttme t f e s n n iai o h n t y ao e a e n ng de e ' Bl nid. oodgoodv.Garght 783F. 470,473( hCi.1 ) s eVn v. lne 73 ' ra y, 2d 4t r 986 ; e nn Anceo , F.d51 , 2 ( t Ci.1 9 )(G c u ep r l c n ie aina dpaoeis lt p c lyhn eo 3 9 5 2 4h r 9 6 ç a s ao e o sd rto n r l tef y ial ig n Be t di c e i r de i i ofpa ol aut ii s i a esge a l pos es no e il m e ,but he s r tona y c s ons r e horte , nm t ner ly s s ntte nt o l ad sr ,h tap r l b adwil e iei t erfvo .) s eas Ga tnv. yo , 4 F.d ny e ie t a ao e o r l d cd n h i a r'; e lo so Ta lr 9 6 2 . ' 3 0, 4 ( t Ci. 9 )( ba c ( oi teei noc n tmto a rg t op r l p rs a d 4 3 4 4h r 1 91 0 n ) n t h r s o si in l ih t ao e e e nd ue ng pr s i r uiedonl whe asa ehasc e t d ç l gii aec am ofe il me 't s e oce s s eq r y n tt r a e ç e tm t l i a ntte nt' o om a p c o paoe .l i n t ip tdt tPlitf r c i dnoie fo teBo r e pli n te s e t f r l) t s o d s u e ha anif e eve tc s ' m h ad x anig h r b s sf rd nyn d sr to r paoe Ac o dn l , fn a t se tte t s mmayj d me t a e o e ig iceinay r l. c r ig y De e d n i n ild o u r u g n asa m a t r o 1 w f t Four e nt Am e e c ai . te f a or he te h ndm nt l m V. Fo t f rg i r a o s t ec u t rn sDee a tsmoi nfrs mma yj g n . r he o e ong e s n ,h o r g a t fnd n ' to o u r ud me t y E NTER : Thi 7t da ofM a ,2018. s h y @ * * * . Chi fU rie t t e lt ae . . 7 . . . . ' . . .. i rc J l t udge ' , y-') .k, 1q 5 ) ,p t $ -' . . ' '
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