Moore v. Baker et al, No. 7:2016cv00533 - Document 47 (W.D. Va. 2017)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Chief Judge Michael F. Urbanski on 12/15/2017. (slt)
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CL S OFF CE U. .Dl . COURT ERK' I S sT AT ROANOlE,VA < FI LED I THE UNI N TED S TATES DI STRI COPRT CT FO R TH E W E STER N DI RI O F W R G I I ST CT N A R O A N O K E D I SIO N W MI CHAEL M OORE, DE: 15 2 1 27 JU BY: .U , ER CL ci lActonNo.7:6-v- 5:!P YCL vi i 1 c 00 uT ERK Pl ntf , ai if M EM O M N DU M O PI O N NI G EM LD I E BAK ER ,e al, N t . D e endant . f s By: H on.M i hae F.U r c l bansd l Chi fUnie St e Dit i tJudge e t d at s s r c M i ha lM oor a J w ih i a e pr ee ng pr > ,c m e d t s a ton ptr ua t c e e, e s nm t oc di o q om nce hi c i ts nt o - 4 U. 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Ha lw v. ta r l, 5 U. 8 0, 1 ( 98 ) On ea e s n b e es n ul a e no ' ro Fiz e ad 4 7 S. 0 '8 8 1 2 . c ' de e antr i e t qualfe i muniy def ns ,apl i ifbe z t bur n t s t ta f nd a s s he ii d m t e e antf a s he de o how ha dee n ' c fnda ts onduc vi aedt pli ifsrgh.Br ntv. ut 99 F. 108 1 ( h Ci. t olt he antf i t ya M h, 4 2d 2, 086 4t r 19 ) 9 3. A p ryi e tte t s mmayj d me ti t pe dng ,h ds ls dmae il o fl, a t s n ild o u r u g n f he la i s te ico e tras n ie a a a fda t s nd ny fi vis how t tt r i no ge ne diput ast a ma e i lf t Fe R. v. ha he é s nui s e o ny t ra ac . d. 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V The pa te a ee t tt R LUI c a m s a e m oot D a a s a e no a a ia e ri s gr ha he PA l i r . m ge r t n va l bl rme yt e RLUI Se So smo v Te a , 6 U. 27 , 3( 1 )(r hiiigd ma e e d md r PA. e sa n . x s 5 3 S. 7 29 20 1 p o btn n g s camsa an tsaeo fcasi tero fca c p ct) Re d l nv. u e 5 9F.d 1 2 1 9 li g is tt fiil n h i fiil a a iy ; n ema Ro s , 6 3 8 , 8 4I t a ende c pli , Pl ntf doesno s cii alyr f r nc t Foure nt Ame d om ant ai if n he m t pe tc l e e e e he te h ndme ' Due nts Pr es Cl e apr t td lbe t i e e t orapr e edpr pe t i e e t Pli ifssmpl ciatont t oc s aus , oece i ry ntr s, otct o ry ntr s. antf' i e t i o he F u te t Ame d n fi t saeavilto o d ep o es Cf P it v Clre 7 0F.d2 5 2 8(t Ci. o renh n me t al o tt oain f u r c s. . reo . ak , 8 3 4 , 4 4h r s 2 I )s e ec, mbv, 5 U. a 5 5(oigIb l a dc n lso aen t u fce t oflil lme t o a 0 5 ;e . ..Two l 5 0 S. t 5 n t a es n o cu in r o s fiin t uflee ns f n cam) Plitf' rla c i tea n e c mplit ntep r s t ei rt idfee c 'i e u l u a al g li . anifs ein e n h me d d o an o h hae i l ae n ifrn e's q al n v in d be y i a i ufi en t saeac itttonalcai . nd ns tci t o tt orsiui lm 5 ( t Ci. 0 9 (mnef ridv d lc p ct ) Plitf h sara ybe na p o dfrCo n 4h r 2 0 ) s o n iiua a a iy . an if a le d e p r ve o mmo Fa et a co moda ehi snce er i i usnee f aKos rdit Co e nty,a de a a or r o o m t s i r elg o d or he e . ns que l ny clr t y r i i Pli ifsf vorhe e- t tPli ifs ul beadde t Com mon Fa e- woul notha elef n antf a r ha antf ho d do r d ve ap a tc li a t nPli tf srg t a dwo l n t e rs i a ywa t eij r h o ii él rcia mp c o anif ih s n u d o rd e s n n y h nu y e rgn ly a s re S eSi nsv. tdM o t. Lo nI v.LLC, 3 F.d7 4 7 3( t Ci. 1 s etd. e mmo Unie rg & a n . 6 4 3 5 , 6 4h r 201 ) (e o nzn acam i mo tdwh nt ecama t e eve t erle hes ug tt o ti tr ug rc g iig li s o e e h li n r c i s h eif o h o b an h o h t cam) Ac o dn l ,h RIUI camsaed s se a mo t he li . c r ig y t e , PA li r imisd s o . hnimaesrg tt r l iuse rieu d rt eFis Ame d n m u tb b ln e wih n t ' ih o ei o xecs n e h rt n me t' s e aa c d t g aprs si tt i lhe dsofs c iy,d s i i ,a ge r la nita i Cute v. ion' nsiutona e e urt i cplne nd ne a dmi sr ton. tr W ikns n 5 4U. 7 9 7 2 ( 0 ) O' n v Esaeo S b z , 8 U. 3 2, 484 li o , 4 S. 0 , 2 20 5 ; Lo e . tt f ha a z 4 2 S. 4 3 - 9 ( 9 7 .A tu tnil t d n'o rlgo se e cs o c r u d rt eFis Ame me t fi 1 8 ) t bsa ta bl e ' n ei iu x r ie c u s n e h rt nd n i t s r G u gls b tn il e sleo a a h r n t mo iyhi b h vira dt vilt h sb l f, t ts u sa ta prkt n n d e e t o df s e a o n o oae i ei s p r e or... or esape s t c f c r on o hoos be we n f l wi t pr e sofhe r lgi a f f tng e t e olo ng he ec pt r ei on nd oreii g r me al be s ont oneha a aba gove n nt j nest, he nd, nd ndoni oneoft pr e sofhe r lgin ... ng he ec pt r ei o ' ac o teoh rh nd'5 Lovel ev Le , 7 F.d 1 4,1g (t Ci. 0 6 .A c re to a p lc n h te a . e 4 2 3 7 8 4h r 2 0 ) o rcin l oiy 7 . orpr c i t ts t ntal bur nsa i t sFis Am e a tce ha ubsà i ly de n nma e' rt ndme rg i vai i i i nt i ht s ld f t s r a ona yr l edt l tm a epe o c li e e t . Loveac ,472 F. a 1 W hehe a e s bl eat o egii t nol gi a ntr ss l e 3d t 99. t r r g lto i r a o a l r ïtdd pe d o e uain s e s n by eae e n s n: () ( l ehe te e i a G ai, rto a c l cin'bewe n t e p io 1 W h t r h r s ' l ain l ome to ' t e h rs n v d r ul ton or a ton a t i e es as e t d by t go r m e t or whe he eg a i c i nd he nt r t s r e he ve n n , t r t si e eti t o r e ast r nde t polc ar tar o irtonal' ( hi ntr s s ç emot o e r he iy bir y r rai '; 2) s w he he ç le na i m e ns oh e r i i t rght . . r m a n ope t pr s t r t t r tve a f xe c sng he i a . e i n o ion 5 The c ta s mes f pu pos s oft s opi on t tPli ifs desr f a Kos r diti a pe s l our s u or r e hi ni ha antf' ie or he e s r ona pr c i t i bot snce ey hel a r e i r i ousbei . See e. , tr 5 U. at725. a tce hat s h i r l d nd ootd n elgi lef . g.Cute , 44 S. 6 i a e , a i r t t a ks br dl whe he i t wer de i ofa 1 nm t s' n nquiy ha s ' oa y t r nma es e prved l f m s ofr lgi e r s or whehe t y we e abl t pa tcpa e i o he or ei ous xe cie t r he r e o rii t n t r o s r a c so t erfih ()wh ti a tt ed srd a c mmo ain wo l b e v n e ' h i at ; 3 a mp c h e ie c o d to ud f ha o s cliy saf i ts a t al ai ofprs n r ozce ;a ( ve n e trt tf, nmae , nd he loc ton io es lr s nd 4) w he he t r exi t a G t r he e s ny t o , e s ale na i s' t t c l ge obvi us a y t r tve ' o he halen d r gul t o or a ton, w hi h m a s e ai n ci c y ugges t t i i ç r a ona e but i t ha t s ç not e s bl , s E ta la e g eae rs o s t p io c n e . i e d n xa g rtd e p n e o rs n o c ms ns 1 a 2 0(iigTu ne v Saly, 2U.. 8 8 - 2( 9 7) s eOve tnv. z et, 3 U. d. t 0 ctn r r . fe 48 S 7 , 9 9 1 8 ); e ro Ba z ta 5 9 S. 1 , 3 ( 0 )(e o nzn t p io rh st eb r e t d s r v t v ldt o aprs n 26 1 2 20 3 r c g iig he rs ne a h u d n o ip o e he aiiy f io r g lto p ru n t t eTu ra ayss. e u ain u s a t o h me n l i) Pl ntf f ist e t bls t tBa rsfr tde so t de t Comm onFa ea ià i ai if al o sa ih ha ke ' is ciin o ny he r pplc ton wa n t ain l rltdt lgtmaeg v r me tn ee t. ç P rs n o fcasma s b rto al eae o e ii t o e n n itr ss6 ç jio fiil y y ( ' i .x - a oprael quesi whet raprs rsr lgi iy,a s red a abassf ar ue t d ppr i t y ton he ione ' el ost s e t s i or eq se a om m oda i i a he i .' Cute ,544 U . a 725 n. 3. The e i a l c lc cc ton s ut nt c ' tr S. t 1 r s ogi a onne ton ci be wee t polc ofr quii Co mon Fa e a i a st de onsr t snc rt a r to ng t n he iy e rng m r pplc nt o m ta e i e iy nd ai ni lmie r olrysa i td es zc mongi ts Se Ttr r 48 U. a 8 90( tngt l cofarguai nmae . e tne , 2 S. t 9- noi he ogi e lton mus bes r mot a t r nde t polc abir y orir tona a t bevi a i t Fis t o e e s o e r he iy r tar ra i l s o ol tng he r t Ame me ) nd nt. I wasnott e s bl f Ba rt de t applc ton.Ther or be or Ba rf t mr a ona e or ke o ny he i ai ec d f e ke or t frtde son wa uns und.Pl i ifha obs r d a I lm i f si holda a ha he is cii s o antf d e ve n sa c a tng i y nd d a tnded Pr e tnts r ce a hi pro f iiy.Notbl Pl i ifha eaen fo t M ase te ot sa e vi s t s i r aclt a y, antf d t r m he tr M e a notCo mon Fa e dtrng t t a aha fye r snc pr tcngJ s a a nu nd m r li he wo nd l a s i e ac ii udaim nd n e ieye f l wi hi o fc a c ntr ar olo ng s fi i l onve so t J im .Pli ifha at r tvesm e nst r i n o udas a ntf d le na i a o 6Pl ntf as ale sDe e t fie t co ywih pr so oft CommonFa epolc , i udi ai if lo lge f ndans ald o mpl t oviins he r iy ncl ng wh te te c udrl o isi in l o vcin t aj dct aCo nF r a pl ain.Ho v r acam eh rh y o l ey n n t o a c n ito s o du iae mmo ae p i to mt c we e, li t tprs ofk i sha no f l d t rown i pe ntpolci orpr dtr doesnotsaeaco tt i ha ion t al ve t olowe hei nde nde i es oce les tt nsi onal m cam.ù e eg, tdS ae v. crs 4 0U.. 41 7 25 (9 9 ; c i v Cn y o Fara , 0 F.d1 5 , li e , ..Uni tts Ca ee, 4 S 7 , 5 -5 1 7 )Rico . t . f ifx 9 7 2 4 9 e 1 6 (t Ci.1 9 ) 4 9 4h r 9 0 . 7 p a tc h sr lgo wh o tCo nFae j s a h h! f ry rsbeo ea pli f rCo n r cie i ei in h u mmo r ,u t s e d o e f r p yng o mmo Fa e.Hec df e l pos es lt r t ea r oul r e y s s ie am boutJ im a c d pa tdpa ei J wih holda . uda s nd oul ri t n e s i ys Ye ,t prs r c da ia et Ba rt fr ttm edi notr fe tt tPli ifhad t he ion e or va lbl o ke he is i d el c ha antf pa tc pa e i a J w ih holda s nc co ri f om Pr e t nts . ri i t d n ny e s i y i e nve tng r ot s a im Condii ly al ng a i aet r c i Com mon Far untla a i a i i tona l lowi n nm t o e e ve e i n pplc ton s r ol d woul i r as a nitai a pur hasng c t lnne es a iy f i aes es ve d nc e e dmi sr tve nd c i oss l c s rl or nm t co tona l a ovedand t n de e I muc a t Com mon Fa epolc doesnotr src ndii ly ppr he nid. nas h s he r iy e tit a i tons i t sc d a et co to la o ls t m t r pe t dl r c vehi hl pplcai , nma e oul bus he ndii na'ppr va yse o e a e y e ei g ys hta m o ee oug nd ç xpensveCbmm on Fd ewihoutar lgi ne d. i r t e i cus e ? Theobvi us ea y at m a i wa t r co i rt a i ai whe ne pe t nt o , s le tve s o e nsde he pplc ton n w ri ne i or ton wa a lbl,whih occ r d i t sc e.Bake a ovedt a i ai n onc t nf ma i s vaia e c ure n hi as r ppr he pplc to e he ad i sr tver cor wa c r c e a oncet complt r or mor pl i y de o taeda m nita i e d s ore t d nd he e e ec d e anl m nsr t l o ppr he pplc ton if s nce e nee f Com m on Fa e. The deayt a ovet a i a i wasbre . See e. , i r d or r 8 . :. M cco m a k v. ve s N o. 06 23 H FF- M C,2007 U . D i t LEX I 103 r c M t , 6: - 44W S. s . S 738, t * 11 a 9- , 20 7W L 1 0 9 5 a * ( S. M a 1 , 0 7 ( od n t a noc n ttto a vo ain frtn 0 7 4 0 , t 4 D. C. y 8 2 0 ) h li g h t o si in l ilto o e u ) we k deayi pr esi i t srque tf Kos rme s, e tal rc e l n oc sng nmae' e s or he al) r por ld e omme ton ndai a o td, 00 U. Dit LEXI 4 6 0 20 7W L 1 0 9 5( S. J n. 2, 0 7 ; e as d p e 2 7 S. s. S 26, 0 7 4 0 D. C. u 1 2 0 ) se lo Hoyev. a ke No.7:4CV001 201 U. Dit LEXI 68237,a *1 1 201 W L Cl r , 1 24, 5 S. s . S t 0- 5, 5 3 0 6 9 a * ( . Va M a 2 , 01 )(e o n zn asx- nhs s n in fo Co n 4 7 0 , t 7 W D. . y 7 2 5 rc g iig i mo t u pe so ' m mmo r 1By vi ueoft r peae ltgai i t sc 'aboutCommon Fa e,t cou ti fm ii wih t rt he e td ii ton n hi oul t r he r s a lar t he i r as adm i srtvebtr ensand c t ofCom m o Fa er ai t t Re a M e nc e ed nita i ld oss n r eltve o he gulr nu. 8Nor le co d bea f dedf ranar eif ul for o gume t tBake wa ne i ntf rno a uaey i tgai t nt ha r r s glge o t deq tl nvesi tng he Jwihhoia p riiainrc r s t lwi n gie c s t t po edu d r( eFis Ame d nqwo d e s l y a t p to e od . t o ng e lg n e ui o rc e n e t rt n me t ul d c Al s h u d r n . . eee c lotee p re c a de p rieo pio a dj ia mi srtrl ye poigp io n emie . d frn e t h x ein e n x et f rs n n al d nitao s b x sn rsn s ofcast a u d yhg lv l f u iil cuiy. Lo ea e 4 2F. a 14. e S a e dv. ntn 8 5F. fiil o n n ul ih e e o j dca sr t ' v lc , 7 3d t 9 , e h h e Wiso , 8 n ' s Su . 61 8 8( D. . 9 5 , f',1 F. 3(t Ci. 9 8.Co sq t ty ls t nitnin l o d c i pp 8 , 6 E. Va 1 9 ) afd 6l 3d 4h r l 9 ) n e p nl,es ha ne to a c n u t s nots fce t mee t f ul r quiem e tf aFis Am e e cam . ufiint o t he a t e r n or rt ndm nt li 8 Fa edoesnotpos a y c a sgnik a hrds p i r a i t t i i nt ofor na y prs r e t pi al nd i t nt hi n elton o he nc de s di r ion lf) afd, 28F. p' 1 9( t Ci. 01 ) Awev. . p' o Co r, . 1 - 0 05 6, ie , f 6 Ap x 9 4h r 2 6 ; Va De t f r.No 7:2 CV- 0 4 2 3U. DitLEXI 1 2 7 a * - 0 2 3W L 5 8 8 9 a * ( . Va No .1 , 01 ) 01 S. s. S 61 2 , t 4 1 , 01 9 8 6 , t 3 W D. . v 2 2 3 (n ) afd 5 4F. ' 5 ( t Ci. 4 .Alo teb ifd l#c n t ue a sme, f , 6 App x 4 4h r 201 ) s ,h re ea o si td n t t nc ç onve e on r lgi e cs 'and wasnott ubsantal' t frtde almai ai d t i ni nèe e i ous xer ie' i t i '' he is ni s nt ne he sau q o P an ife tngfo t eRe ua M e uj s lk h ha d nef ry a ssn e tt s uo f litf ai r m h g lr n u t ie e d o o e r ic p a tcn J d im.S e e:, nk vv Or n eCny.Fl.41 F.d 1 7 1 23( 1h Ci. rciig u as e . ..Ko io . a c t . a, 0 3 31 , 3 1 t r 20) 0 5. Furhe m or ,Arrp i e il t quaiid i muniy f t Fis Am e t r e ti s ntted o lfe m t or he r t ndme c am .l nt l i n lgh oft mor lm iedr c d fom t fr ta i to Atrp' ad i sr tver vi w of i t he e i s e or r he is pplcai n, ïi s m nitai e e Ba ' de ii n doe no e t ih aFis Ame e vi a i kers c so s t sabls rt ndm nt olton.Pli tf doesnotde c i a n if s rbe how Arrp wa o he ieper o ly i ve i avi ai n o t Fis Ame m e ,a Arrp ti s t nv s s nal nvol d n olto f he rt nd nt nd ti i notla em e ey f ras r na e sac oromi son. Se ec.Sha v.Stoud,1 F.d 791, s ibl r l o ubo di t ' t si e. . , w r 3 3 7 9( t Ci.1 9 )( ic sn ted l rt idfe e c sa d r f ras p r io ' la iiy 9 4h r 9 4 d susig h ei ae n ifrn e tn ad o u e vs rs ib l be t u d rj 1 8 ) s eas M o lv. p' o S c S r s, 3 U. 6 8 6 3n. 6 1 9 (9 ) n e 9 3 ; e lo nel De t f o . e v .4 6 S. 5 , 6 7, 9 -4 1 78 . Ac o dn l Ba e a Arrpaee tte t q aiidi nt a ds mmayj d me t c r igy, k r nd ti r n ild o u lfe mmu iy n u r u g n. VI . I Fort f e ng r s ns t c t s is t RLUI c am sa m oo a g a s he or goi ea o ,he our dim s es he PA l i s t nd r nt Dee da t'mo inf rs mmayj d me ta t termann cams fn ns to o u r u g n s o h e iig li . K . ENTER:Thi /s . 3 d yo De e e, 01 . a f c mb r2 7 // + r z'' . ! r6 r ' 1 Chi fU nied St t s it i tJ e t a e s r c udge 9 '
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