Crawley v. Combs, No. 7:2016cv00172 - Document 31 (W.D. Va. 2017)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Michael F. Urbanski on 2/28/2017. (slt)
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CLERK' OFFI U,S,DI S GE AT RoM ol ST. COURT œ F ,VA I LED FEB 23 2 1 27 I TH E UNI N TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT FO R TH E W E STER N D I STR I O F V I GI I CT R N A ROANOKE DI I ON V SI D AV I CM W LEY , D Pl ntf ai if, BJ ; . Dua cu aax CL C i lA c i N o.7: 6- vvi t on 1 c 0017 2 M EM O R AN DU M O PI O N NI JO HN C.COM BS, D ef endant . By: Hon.M i hae F. bansd c l Ur l U ni e St esD i t i tJudge t d at src Da d Cr wly,a Vigi ai t pr ee ngpr K ,fl d aci lrght c vi a e r ni nma e oc di o ie vi i s ompl n ait purua t 42U. C j1 3,na ngAsit tW a de J l C.Co a t s edee nt s nt o S. 98 mi ssan r n om mbs s he ol fnda . Pl ntf al ge t tCombsvi aedt Fis Ame e oft Unie Stt Consiuto by ai if le s ha olt he rt ndm nt he t d aes tt i n a o ng Pli ifst ppr vi antf ' empor r s pe i fom t Vigi a De rm e ofCoreci ns a y us nson r he r ni pa t nt r to ' (1 ç VDOC' Co n F r Dit(co nFae'.Co sfldamoinf rs ' mmo a e e t mmo r ' ) s ) mb ie to o ummay r j d me t a dtetmef rPlitf t r s n e pie , l gtematrrpef rd s o iin u g n , n h i o an if o epo d x rd madn h te i o ip sto . Afe r ve ngt er c r ,h c u t rn sCo s moinf rs mmayj d me t tr e iwi h e o d te o r g a t mb ' t o u r u g n . o Pl ntf wr t t f l ng sng ecli i t c ai if o e he olowi i l am n he ompl i ' ant . Dee d n J l Co l As itnl W ad n o W aln Rig S ae f n a t om mbss ssa t r e f le s d e tt j ) Prs ng 'n 1 / l l wihp i rk o e g t a tePlitf wgs n tu e io y o 2 1 / 6 t ro n wld e h t h an if a j o nd r ) a Co nFede c nrcgz(jbtaiyd p ie te( litf o hi ny mmo r it o tatj arirrl e rv d h Pjanif f s FlsjAme dl n)Rih t FreyEx r ieh srlg o b s p ndn t rt n me t g t o e l ecs i eiin y us e ig he ( l ntf fom pe i pai i hi rlgi dit Pjai if r ci tng n s ei ous e. The r s oft r c d m ve st pe tne f ds e t he e or al he ri nt a . Crawley v. Combs OnM ac 5,201 t W alnsRi Stt Prs n (t RSP' I tt i lCl sfc to rh 4, he le dge ae io IW ' nsiutona asiiain ) Doc. 31 Aut iy($CA' r omme dt Pl nifbea ove t r c i CommonFaeont ba i hort ç ' ec I ) nde hat aitf ppr d o e eve r he ss ppr ve he CA S e om tda i n r h ofhi r i o belef . C o bs a o d t I ' r c m e l ton o M a c 7, 201 s elgi us i s 1 m 4. 1Thi r co m e i wasar ul ofas te e i Pl ntf' pro cvi a ton, Cr w lyv. l y.e s e m ndaton es t etlm nt n ai ifs ir i l c i a e Holowa t al,No. 1 cv. 7:4- 00084.Combswasnotadeenda i t tacin. f nt n ha to Dockets.Justia.com Comm on Fa ei a ditde i d t a c moda ei m a e who ha r lgi dit r r s e sgne o c om t n ts ve ei ous e a y l e s VDOC Op r tn P o e u e(OP' 8 . r q rsa imaewhowa t t rc ie l d. e e ai g r c d r ç ' 413.e uie n n t ç ) n s o e ev Com mon Fa et sgnt Gcomm o Fa e Ag ee nt'whih s t f t t r quie e sa r o i he l n r r me ,' c e s orh he e r m nt nd pe li oft Comm o Fa epr a .Oner uie e ti t ta i t r evi Common nates he n r ogr m eq r m n s ha n nma e ec i ng Fa emus note tt non- m mon Fa ef s r e i t di ng hal a t pe te a e r t a he co r ood e v d n he ni l, nd he nali s r t m por r s pe i nsf om Com m on Fa e. e a y us ns o r r On De mbe 9,201 t 1 c f nedt r vi Pl i ifsCo mon Fa e saus The ce r 5, he CA orve o e ew antf m r tt . 1 he d t tmony t tPl i ift ar ul r nonCA ar esi ha antf ook eg a , comm o Fa etay o Thn gi ng.The n r r n nks vi I de e ne a t e oft he rngt tPl i ifvi a e t tnnsoft Com mon Far CA t nni d t he nd he a i ha antf olt d he e he e Agr e e a r omm e d hi s pe i fo Comm o Fa ef sx mont . e m nt nd ec nde s us nson r m n r or i hs Pl i iffl d a a m i sr tver que tf t c pli a utt r c mende antf ie n d nitai e s onn o om a n bo he e om d s pe i Head itd t thet anonus nson. m te ha ook comm o Fa e ta cli d t the ha E ve n r r y, a me ha dû r ne s g d norbe br e ed a i ne en i f bouta Co m on Fa e A gr e e Co r c ,' nd a gue t tt ny m r e m nt nt a t' a r d ha he f oodson t tay a ar d t beKos r2 TheAs itntW a de sOfi sa d i r c ve on he r ppe e o he . ssa r n' fce t mpe t e ei d Dec mbe 11 201 a s e whos sg mr i il gi er s nde t ts me da notng, e r , 5, nd om one e i na e s le bl e po d ha n y, i Sti myu d rtndngta y u aearg lrta whc i avo ai no t eg mmo Fae ç s l n esa i h t o t e u a ry, ih s ilto f h co n rl a e m e .' O n D e e be 11 201 Com bs a ove t I ' r om m e ton t s pe gr e nt' c m r , 5, ppr d he CA S ec nda i o us nd Pl i if A lhoug Pl i i fa l ge t hi r m o lf om t Com m on Fa e di toc un'd on a ntf . t h a ntf le s hat s e va r he r e c e Dec mbe 11 201 i i c e rfom t r co d t ti t k plc o ye re rir e r , 6, t s l a r he e r ha t oo a e ne a a le . Pl i iffl d a ad i s r tve gre nc on D e m be 15, a ntf ie n m ni t a i i va e ce r 2015, i adm i tng he a e aga n ti t t nonhe com mon Fa em e la c am i t theha ne rsgne a Co mon Fa eAgr e e . r a nd l i ng ha d ve i d m r e m nt 2A lhought f t he oodsale dl a a e t bet s eK os rf lge y ppe r d o he am he oodss v oh Com m onFa e Pli ifdi er ed r , antf d nota s r heha a pe s nalknowl a whehe t ef on t r gulrtaywer ke Kos rlket set d ny r o edge bout t r hos oods he e a r e pt he i he f oodssor prpaed,a s r edon CommonFa e t ed, e r nd e v r. 2 Pl ntf a lge t the ha 'a s d Combs...hr ai if le d ha d tdvie t ough ar q s t tlwa n' t ra e ue t ha s t mde ny Con r c ,butCombssils pe d m ewih knowl .'The W RSP W a de dee ta t tl us nde t edge' r n medt he gre ncef i va ounde be a e Pli ifha notsg aComm o Fa eAg ee e afe s tlng d c us antf d i ned n r r m nt tr e ti Cr wly v. l wavse a .No.7: 4- va e Holo t 1, 1 c 0008 TheW a de no e Pli ifsr m e woul be 4. r n t d a ntf' e dy d r ns a e e t Co m on Fa e. ei t t m nt o m r On J nua y 4, 6, heI r co me d t tPl i ifber i t t d t Co mon Fa e a r 201 t CA e m nde ha antf e nsa e o m r. Pl i ifsgne a Common Fa eAgr e nt a Combsa ovedt I ' r c me ton on antf i d r e me , nd ppr he CA S e om nda i J nuar 1 201 a y 4, 6. II. A. Co sfldamoinf rs mma yj d me t ag i t a h i e t ldt q aiid mb ie to o u r u g n , r ung h t e s ni e o u lfe t i mmuniy.Quai i t lied mmuniyper t Gg nz ntof il pef mi dicei y t mis dove me fcas ror ng s rtonar f ncins. .t b )s ile fo la iiyf rcvld ma e is f ra terc n u td e n t u to . go e hed d r m ib l o ii n g s n o a s h i o d c o s o t vi aecla l e t bls saut r orconsiutonalrght ofwhih ar s bl pe s n woul olt e ry s a ihed t t o y tt i i s c ea ona e r o d h v k o ' Ha lw v. ta r l, 5 U. 8 0 8 8( 98 ) Onc ad fn a trie t a e n wn. ro Fiz e ad 4 7 S. 0 , 1 1 2 . e ee d n as s he ' q lfe i ua ii d mmuniy de e e apl ntf be r t bur t s w t ta de e ntsc t f ns , ai if a s he den o ho ha f nda ' onduc t vo ae t ep an ifsrg t Br a tv Mu h 9 4 F.d 1 8 1 6( t Ci. 9 3 . ilt d h litf ih . y n . t , 9 2 0 2, 08 4h r 1 9 ) A p ryi e tte t s mmayj dg n i t epe dng ,h ds ls dmae il o fl, a t s n i d o u r u me t f h la i s te ico e tras n ie l a a afi viss nd ny fda t how t tt ei no ge nediput a t a ma e i lf c .Fed. Ci P. ha her s nui s e s o ny t ra a t R. v. 5 () Th mo i p ryh st b r e o s wig-Gh ti, it o tt t ed src c u t 6a . e vng a t a he ù d n f ho n t a s poni u o h itit o r t ng t tt r i an a e e ofe denc t s ha he e s bs nc vi e o uppor t nonm ovi pa t sc e' Ce otx Co p.v. t he ng ry' as .' l e r Cart 477U. 31 325( 986) l t movants ts st sbur n,he t non- ntmus tet S. 7, 1 . f he aife hi de t n he mova t s tf t s c fc f t t de ons r t t e s e o a ge ne di put off c f t i . I a e orh pe ii ac s hat m t a e he xit nce f nui s e a t or ral d. t 3 322- A c 'm a notr ol diputd f t,we g t e de ,orma dee mi tonsof 24. oul y t es ve s e ac s i h he vi nce ke tr na i ce iii Ruselv M ir d n Co .65F.d 1 2 ,1 3 ( t Ci.1 9 ) So e ev. r hv r dblt y. s l . co y e o , 3 2 9 2 9 4h r 9 5 ; sbe Mu p , 797F. 1 1 ( hCi.1986 .l t d,aco ta ce sa t et e de oft no 2d 79, 82 4t r ) nsea ur c pt s nz he vi nce he nm o ngpa t and r s vesa1 i e na c lcsa i er nc i t non- ovi pa t sf vor vi ry e ol 1 nt r l onfi t nd nf e es n he m ng ry' a . Ch z o n g sd F a c v S t 5 7F.d4 6 41 ( t Ci.1 7 ) ab n a e e r n e . mi 9 2 0 , 4 4h r 9 9 . h, t a e i lf ct'a e t ef t ne es a y t e t bls t e e nt ofapa t sca eof l t ra a s' r hos acs c s r o sa i h he l me s M ry' us a to An e s nv Li e t Lo y I .4 7U. 2 2 2 ( 9 6 .A g n i ds t o cin. d ro . b rv bb .nc, 7 S. 4 , 48 1 8 ) e une ipue f m ae ilf te s si, nviwi t r c d a a1r a ona e i e e e dr wn t r fo i a tra ac xit f i e ng he e or nd 1 e s bl nf r nc s a he e r m n lg mos f a e t t noniht t avor bl o he movi pary,ar as na ef tfnde c d r tu' ave ditf ng t e o bl acr oul et n r c or t n n mo a t J .An ifrnc i d sn da ça c n l inr a h db c n ie igoh r he o - v n . . d = n ee e s e e s û q o cuso e c e y o sd rn te g f csa dd d igalgc l o e ue c fo t e ,'a dtth p o e so t ug tb wh c a t n e ucn o ia c ns q n e r m h mgl' n l q e r c s f ho h y ih l o emo sfo e i e c t p o f' Blc sLa Dito ay (0h e . 01 ) s eEx r e Co . n ve r m v d n e o r o . a k' w cin r 1 t d 2 4 ; e e c n p ' v W a- a t tr s I .5 5F.d 1 1 1 29n. ( d. r 20 9 ( r a o a l ifrnc i . lM r S o e .nc, 7 3 3 2, 3 5 Fe Ci. 0 ) t e s n b e n ee e s W ï o et a i plusbl a t a fo lg c lyfo tefcsalg d . .) Plitf, st en n n h t s a i e nd h t l ws o ial r m h a t l e . .' . anif a h o e ' m ovi pa t i e il d t t be ftofr as bl i e e est tm a be d a fom t ng ry, s ntte o he ne i e ona e nf r nc ha y r wn r he e de ;howe r s ul ton i no pe s i e Thepas a fom onepr ii t a t r vi nce ve , pec ai s t nnisbl . s ge r oposton o no he mu tb l gc lyc mpelda dç n n tb mee. .nuio )o g e sn ' Po pel Ciyo s e o ial o le n l n o e r . it t nl r u sig. p lv. t f c i ' Sa Dia ,1 9F.d 9 , 5 (t Ci.1 9 ) Th s teça o l gc' rw t ln S ewe n n e o 4 3 51 9 4 9h r 9 8 . u ,h s ws f o i'd a he ie t t e l b ar a o a l if rn et a ma p r s il b d a b aj r fo b scfcsi e i e c a d e s n b e n e e c h t y emisby e r wn y u y r m a i a t n v d n e n a i per i s bl s c a i n. I n m m s i e pe ul to ' d. ' Pl ntf f l t s a e s ii f c st tdem ons r t t exi t e ofa ge ne diput of ai i f ais o t t pec f c a t ha t a e he s enc nui s e fc f rtil a dc n e u nl Co i e tte t q aiidi miya dml r j d me t a t o ra, n o s q e ty, mbs s n ild o u l e mmt t n mmay u g n . f 4 OnN o mbe 15, ve r 2016, hec te e e aNotc afe Combsfld hi m o i f sl a y t our ntr d i e tr ie s ton or lmm r j g n .Th Noier a i pet e t r: ud me t e tc e d n ri n pa t n The Co r wi gv P an ift ny-n ( )d y fo te d t o t s u t l ie litf we t o e 21 a s r m h ae f hi l Notc t s i e o ubmi a f t r comt ra fda t or ot r r e n e de e t ny ' he t e - fi vis ur he elva t vi nc con r di tng, e ani or a di De e nts e de e. I Pl ntf ta ci xpl i ng voi ng f nda ' vi nc f ai if does not r s e pond t De e nts pladi , t Cou t wil as l e t t o f nda ' e ngs he r l sl ha m Pl ntf ha l ti e e ti t ca e,a o t tPl i ifag ee wih wha ai if s os ntr s n he s nd/ r ha antf r s t t t eDee a tsae i t errs o i pla i t) l Plitf wih st h fnd n tts n h i e p nsve e dng s. f anif s e o co i ntnue wih t ca e i i nec s ar t t Pli tf r s nd i a t he s , t s e s y ha a n if e po n n a o it f s o ... Howe r i Pli tf doe notEl s ppr pra e a hi n. ve , f a n if s e ome r s ns e po e wihi t t nt ne( )day pei t Cour ma dimist c s fr t n he we po 21 rod,he t y s s he a e o f l et pr e ut aiur o os c e. Pl ntf ha notr s ai if s e pondedi a a opraef hi n t c r dit e an, a d Def nda ' n n ppr it as o o onta c , xpl i or voi e nts e de e,de pier c vi t e i tnotc a a e e i oftm et do s Ac r ngl vi nc s t e ei ng he xplci ie nd n xt nson i o o. co di y, t c tfnds i a or ncewih t N o i ,t tPl i ifa ee wih De e ntssae e s he our i , n cc da t he tce ha antf gr s t f nda ' tt m nt oft c e.3 he as B. A n i a e sFis A m e e r ghtt t f e e r s ofr lgi m us be ba a e w ih nm t ' r t ndm nt i o he r e xe ci e e i on t l nc d t prs ions'i tt i lne dsofs c iy,dicplne, nd g r la nita i O' nsiutona e e urt s i i a ene a dmi sr ton. Lonev. tt Esae o S a a z 48 U. 3 2 3 8 4 ( 9 7 .Th s ac re to a rg lto o ma a e n f h b z , 2 S. 4 , 4 - 9 1 8 ) u , o rcin l e u ain r n g me t de son t ts t nta l bur nsa i a e sc tt tonalrghti vai i i i r s bl cii ha ubsa ily de n nm t ' onsiu i i s ld f t s ea ona y r ltdt lgtmaepe oo ia itr ss Lo ea ev. e 4 2F.d1 4,1 9(t Ci. 0 6 . eae o e ii t n lg c l nee t. v lc Le , 7 3 7 9 4h r 2 0 ) N otbl ac r c i lofi i lvi aest tFis Ame m e rg onl by i t ntona ,a not a y, or e tona fc a olt ha r t nd nt iht y n e i l nd ne i nt c glge , onduc . I a 201 t d. t . Pl ntf doe no pr s nte de fom whih t i e Co bsi en i l s ai if s t e e vi nce r c o nf r m nt tonaly ough t to i e f r w ih Pl i i fsr lgi e r i e a e a r as na e a l tm a e pe ogi a nt r e e t a ntf e i ous xe c s bs nt e o bl nd egii t nol c l 3Thec r notst t c pli i notv ii . Se . ..W iimsv Grfi, 5 F.d8 0 8 3( h ou t e hat he om ant s erfed e ea, l a . ifn 9 2 2 2 2 4t l Ci.1 91. r 9 ) 5 i t r t Pli ifa lged i hi gre nc t tCom bskne o t da hea ove Pl i ifs n e es. antf le n s iva e ha w n he y ppr d antf' s pe i fom Com mon Fa et tPl ntf d ne rsg aComm on Far Agr e e .The us nson r r ha ai ifha ve i ned e e m nt unco r re e de e e t bls st tPl i ifa eanonntove td vi nc sa ihe ha antf t comm o Fa etay, heI n r r t CA r omm e d Pl i ifbes pe d fom Com mon Fa ei a c da ewih OP 8 3 f e tng ec nde antf us nde r r n c or nc t 41. or a i t tta a Combsa ove t r c ha r y, nd ppr d he e omm e ton bas on Pl ntY sad it c umpton nda i ed ai i m ted ons i oft tta Alo,Combsa r t theçha no knowldget ta Comm o Fa eAg ee ntwa ha r y. s ve s ha s d e ha n r r me s no o ûl f r( anit a trh wa a p o e t rc ieCo nFaei 2 4. Ev n t n e o Pli tf fe e s p r v d o e ev mmo r n 01 ' e l ' i e ng i Pl i i sf vort tCombssgne t r ques f m o Dec m be 11 201 not ng nf ni n antY a ha i d he e t or n e r , 5, hi i hi r s n s e pons a e boutPl i ife tng anonantf a i comm on Fa eta c e t sadiput ofma e i lf t r r y rae s e t ra ac . Pl i iff ulsCombsf rno c ki wheherPl i ifha a Co mon Fa e Agr me antf a t o t hec ng t antf d m r ee nt on fl bef ea ovi t I ' r c me ton,a i e t VDOC' polc a c t ie or ppr ng he CA S e om nda i nd nde d,he S i y nd usom r r d i t st sgn a Common Fa eAgr e e be o er cevi Comm o Fa e. Ho ve , equie nma e o i r e m nt f r e i ng n r we r Gsmpl ne i nce t l s c mon de ti e glge , he owe t om nomi t ofc t m a y t tla lt doesnots fc naor uso r or i biiy, ufi e t mee t f ul r quie t' o aFis Am e o t he a t e r men 'f r r t ndme vi ai n.Lo l e, F. a 19 nt olto veac 472 3d t 4. ç- heCo si to d e n tg rn e d ec r o tep r o saeo fcas la ii f r çf gl n tt in o s o uaa te u ae n h at f tt fiil;ib ly o u t ne i nty i lc e ha m i c t gorcal be a ht t es d'ofc tt i lpr t c i . glge l nfit d r s a e i ly ne t he hr hol ' onsiutona o e tons Cnt.ofSa r nt v.Le s 523U. 833,8 ( ) seas Pi v. se,52F. 73,77 y came o wi, S. 49 1998 9 e lo nk Letr 3d ( hCi.1 ) 4t r 995 . Noa l ,çtheb r e . .sn t nteS aet p o et v ldt o p io r g lto s tb y t l u d n . i o o h tt o r v he ai i f rs n e uain g y Erma raldecsons butont prs rt dipr i.'Ove tn v. zet,539U. 1 , o nagei ii ) he ione o s ove t' ro Baz ta S. 26 l 2 ( ) Pli ifwholyf l t dipr t vai t oft r ultona horzngfra 3 2003 . antf l ais o s ove he ldiy he eg ai ut ii o tmpo ays pe i fom CommonFaef e tnganon- mmonFaeta Se L e r r us nson r r or ai co r ry. e ês 6 Furhe m or ,i i no diput d he et tt VDOC ha al gii t i e es i r gultngwhih t r e t s t s e r ha he s e tma e nt r t n e ai c imaema r c i Co nFae Se . ..Tu n rv. fe , 8 U. 78 8 - 0( 98 ) n t y e eve mmo r. e ec, r e Saly 4 2 S. , 99 1 7 ( susi t f fcor t dee net r a o bl r ltont lgii t pe ogia dic sng he our a t s o tnni he e s na e eai o e tmae nol c l i eess.Ac r ngl t r i nodiput ofmaei fc,t r or c dnotla arto l ntr t) co di y, hee s s e tral a t he ec d oul e d aina tiroff tt fnd i Pl i ifsf r a Combsi e il dt qua i i t t a s re ac o i n antf avo , nd s ntte o lsed mm miy nd umm a y r ' J me . udg nt 11 1. Fo tef r g igr a o ,hec u t r nsCo s moinf rsl r ud me t r h o e on e s ns t o r ga t mb ' to o l mmayj g n . EN TER : Thi s W d yo Fe ray 2017. a f bu r , ' + 2: ../. . e 2 Unie St t Diti tJ t d açs src udge 7 + .
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