Terry v. Fleming, No. 7:2016cv00049 - Document 23 (W.D. Va. 2017)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Michael F. Urbanski on 1/26/2017. (tvt)

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I TH E UNI N TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT FO R TH E W E STER N D I STR I O F VI G I A CT R NI ROANOKE DI SION VI F:NTON L. TERRY, Pettone ii r, V. LESLI FLEM I G, E N R e po nt s nde . ) ) ) ) ) ) ) CL SOFFI U.S. ST ERK' CE ATROANO D# . COURT KE,VA FIED L CASE NO .7: 16CV00049 J 27 2,1 AN 27 J U BY: DL P M EM O M ND U M O PI I N N O By:Hon.M i chaelF.Ur bansd l U ni e St e D i t i tJudge t d at s s r c Fe o L. Te nt n py, a V i gi a i a e pr e ng pm K ,f l t s pe ii f a w rt o r ni nm t oc edi ied hi tton or i f . h be sc pu ,p u n t 28U. C.52 4, h le gngt evai i o h sc n me to a a a o s ms a t o S. 25 c aln i h ldt f i o fne n n y j d me tb t e Cic i Co r o t Ciy o Da vi e Re p n e tfld amoin t ds s u g n y h rut u t f he t f n l . s o d n ie l to o imis Ter ' j 2 5 p tto a d Ter rs nd d ma ig t matrrp f r ds sto Afe ry s 2 4 ei n, n ry epo e , kn he te ie o ipo iin. tr i r viw oft r cor t c tc l e e he e d, he our oncudest tno ofTe r scli s ha me i,r uii t ha ne r y' am ve rt eq rng he m o i n t dimist begr nt d. to o s s o a e Te y w a c ced of frtde ee m u de o Ke a St s a t r l t fr r n' s onvit s- gr r r f ndr oke nd wo e aed iea ms vi ai i t Cic tCour oft Ciy ofDa le. Folo ng a uns e s u a ol tons n he r ui t he t nvil l wi n ucc s f l ppea a l nd ha aspe ii i sa e c t he now c le be tton n tt our, ha lngeshi c ci i f de a c t The f c s a s onvi ton n e r l our. a t nd pr e alhit r peri n t Te r sc c i a easf l . oc dur so y tne t o ry' onvitons r olows On t ni htofAprl6,2011 Te m a s ve alcal t hi unc e Cha le W is n,a he g i , ny de e r ls o s l , ri lo nd hi fi nd, M elsaP ie lo igt plc a easg iia ta u to ma i a . Afe W is n s re lis rc , o kn o t h s infc n mo n f r u na1 tr lo r j Terry v. Fleming a d P iei o me Te ta t e h d n mai n t s l, ryc le Ke d aSo e s rl n rc nfr d ny h t h y a o r ua a o el Ter ald n r tk s ho t j y Doc. 23 pa t 1 P. . A c l phone e r l t r de e m i d t tTe s l s c l t hi t c e us d a ce l s 0 M el xpe t a e t r ne ha ny' a t a l o s m l e l t rc os t Te r s home i Ri owe l e o ry' n nggol Vigi a butt tTe r s c l t St d, r ni , ha ry' a l o okeshà s t hed d wic lAddii l , Tery' a quan a e,Chrsophe Ha s c a t d Te r a ound 7 P. .t pur s a tonaly r s c it nc it r ye , ontc e ry r M o cha e n o n eo mai a a Ter o frdHa e $1 0p ro n e b t ye tr dhi d wn u c f r u n . ry fee y s 0 e u c , u Ha s' ne m o . j u Dockets.Justia.com C RK RK t we s t one c os r t t Edge o r o l e o he wood Exxo M a ta t l to whe e St kes body w a n r nd he ocai n r o ' s fl . M e n l,S o sha c n a td Liwo d Hartn t a ss i s lig fk mai n . omd a whi tke d o tce n o iso o sit n eln a e rj a e ua Har t n ag e d,a pr e d t buy r bbi f t t t t us d t i iae a po iso r e nd oc ede o a t ood ha he wo e o m t t und of m a iua . rJ na ' Hartn p n'e t me tS o e a t b y r( ny a t eEx n; iso wo l g t iso ln d o e t k s nd he u e Te ') t h xo Hartn u d e n $ o oft $800 a ki prc a St woul r t i $200.Hart pule i o t Exxo 600 ut he s ng ie, nd okes d e an ison l d nt he n pa ki l ,and St ke se d o oft pa s nge s tofa whie M az 626. Ha rt n ga r ng ot o s tppe ut he s e r ea t da iso ve S o e t f k mai a i aplsi g o ey b g, n S o e ha d d Hartn $ 0 Hartn t k s he a e rj na n a tc r c r a a d t k s n e iso 6 0. iso u wa c he r t l t t pa s ngers toft M a da a a oxi t l 10: 5 P. . t hed r e' m o he s e u ea he z t ppr ma ey 1 M Z The M a a t n t ne l f ont Ed wood Rd, i t die ton of t Dmwil zd he ur d e t o ge n he r c i he le Expr s wa The drvi tme fom t Exxon t t l to of t vi i ' body i 5ve e s y. i ng i r he o he ocai n he ctm s s m i e . Attil t c l phone e r t tse t tTe y plc phone c lsa 10: a 1 29 nut s ra , he e l xpe t esi d ha n' a ed al t 28 nd 0: P. . ne rt e tm aed tm e oft mur r a t tc lphone l a i da a fom t e c l M , a he si t i he de , nd ha el oc ton t r hos als i c t d Te r wa ne rt m ur rs e a t ttme.Tha s me ni ,a a oxi ael 1 30 ndi a e r y s a he de c ne t ha i tn ght t ppr m t y 0: P. . Da le Ofi e W ila M e l wa a hi r i nc whe he he r e g t t n r pi M , nvil fc r li m nil s t s esde e n a d i ht o e a d gu hot fom t a e ofCo ni Drve ns s r he r a r ng i . At 7: A. .o Aprl7,2011,a pa s r dic r t body of St ke i a dic 30 M n i s e by s ove ed he o s n th be i t Cor ng Drve e tr mp o t Dawil Expr s y. Soo a tr Da le Polc sde he ni i xi a n he t le es wa n fe , nvil ie s cze t s e ,a Dmw il fr m a Stve Fer l a rved a obs r edt bod henotc d e tr d he c ne nd le ie n e n r el ri nd e v he y; ie bule w ounds a co i m ed t t St s w a de ea e Furhe , rgor m o ts ha s t i lt nd ntr ha oke s c s d. t r i r i d e n, i cai t t t hom ii ha oc ure s ve a hour e rir Ofi e Cha ls W ilr ndi tng ha he è de d c r d e r l s a le . fc r re la d pho ogr phed t s ene a c l c e a le de e,whi h i ude ni . c lbe c rrdge t a he c nd ole t d 1 vi nc c ncl d ne 40 ai r a ti 2H art ydting a r e of t Exxon' s ela f a , l er i ntfe t whie M a da 626 ison u eviw he s ua ilnce ootge at de i d he t z ani ng a l 1 hi vehil a vi a 1 1 a St sr mr ngt t M az andlavi vi t 0:5, s ce ni ng t 0: 8, nd oke e ni o he da e ng. 2 c i a a bl pl si g oc r ba c ani g e n l a y m aeda . Lat r expertt stm ony asngs nd ue a tc r e y g ont i ng r e e f t l e e i opi d t tal buleswe e fr fom a sng e . c i rwe pon,a t tt we e c itnt ne ha l lt r ied r i l 40 albe a nd ha hey r onsse wih bei fr fom aTa uspit . t ng îed r ur sol On Aprl8,2011 De e tve Bonni Oa we t 1 Ke uc Chtr Roa t s a i , tci e kes nt o 600 nt k lch d o pe k wih Te r a t ry boutSt 'deah. Oa s obs r d a whie M az 626 i f o oft hous a okes t ke e ve t da n r nt he e, nd t t t bac s a s had r c nty be n cea d,butt tt fon s a s r ma ne dit Te r ha he k e t e e l e l ne ha he r t e t e i d ry. ry ag ee t s ak wih ofi e s a t polce saton. Kahy Cor r Te r s e gilre dr r d o pe t fc r t he i t i t ke , ry' x- rfind, ove Te r t t sa i i t M a , a Oa s o a ne a s a c wa r ntf rt ve ce. w u j r y o he tton n he zda nd ke bt i d e r h ra o he hi l 3 e Te r a Cor rwe ea t polcesa i Lt Sc tEane s a c t c r Lt Eane no i e a r y nd ke r t he i t ton, . ot s e r hed he a . . s tc d sr odor of cea ng pr t ;t bac s t a r r foor r we e s ki we . He tong l ni oduc s he k ea s nd ea l boa ds r oa ng t cole t d a s b f o a r d san on t r of t vq cl t t ta ld fom behi t lc e wa r m e ti he oof he hi e ha r ie r nd he pas e r ss a t r t r a wi s nge ' e t owa d he e r ndow. Dee tv Clrn eGon 'itr iw wi Ter wa r c r e a dply df rt j r At tci e ae c is n eve t ry s e o d d n a e o he u y. h frt Ter a mitdt theh ds o e wi S o e a o to tiigmaiu n .Ho ve, ry is, ry d te ha a p k n t t k s b u bann r a a we r Ter h j qui kl m odi hi sor sai t tToby Dowdy wast plr ha e . Te r t n saed t t c y fed s t y, t tng ha he zc s r ry he t t ha neiherhe norDo d had a f rherco ac wih St s Deeci sbega q si ng Te r t w y ny u t nt t t oke . t tve n ue toni ry r r ng St ke 'pho r or ,a t f ctt tTe r s phone' geol a i da a r ve l d a ega di o s ne ec ds nd he a ha ry' s oc ton t e a e cl e pr xi iy t t m tr r s e a ound t tme oft m tr r Te r whe c r e os o m t o he lde c ne, r he i he lde . ry, n onfont d wih li phone' l ai da a sae t tDowdy ha borowe hi phone. W he co lr nt d t ns s oc ton t , tt d ha d r d s n rf o e w ih t Exxon s we la e f t ge,Te r sa e t tD ow d ha t ke t w hie M a da 626. t he ul il nc oo a r y t t d ha y d a n he t z 3 Co ke owned a wa t prmay us r oft whie M az 6 . Te y ha no m e t ta por r r nd s he i r e he t da 26 n' d ans o r ns t hi ef butha us ofva i c r andhadpeo ewhowoul d i hi Hesae t tbo r ng Cor rsM a ms l, d e rous a s pl d rve m. ttd ha rowi ke ' zda wa hi Rl tr s t'i he ne d a rde,alhough he ha boro d t c i t pa t Alo,Te r lf s ve a s s as e or' f ede i t d r we he ar n he s. s ry et e r l s choolm ae i si t tu ashe o n ca pool wih Co ke t a tnd ca s a Danvil Cor tral n he r nk, Re r ed t r r o te ls es t le mnuniy Cole t lge. Te di notha aco oft M az ske f hi ef a whe que tone by polce hecoul nota tcul e ny d ve py he da' ys or ms l, nd n si d i, d ri at how fe nty heha boro e t c r rque l d r w d he a . La e t tda De e tve Da d W hily i e viwe Te r Te r a itd t tDowdy t r ha y, t c i vi te nt r e d ry. ry dm te ha wa noti ve butc am e t tChrsophe Ha s ha borowe t c a phone a 9: s nvol d, l i d ha it r ye d r d he ar nd t 50 P. . Te r sa e t tHa r t ne t ve ce a phone a ound mi ni t w ih Dwa M ry t t d ha yes eur d he hi l nd r d gh , t yne Pr t,J .a a pas e r D e ec i W hil no i e Te r t xtng upon e e i t i t r i w uit r s s nge . t tve tey t c d r y e i nt r ng he n e v e r ,a polc lt r obti d t mes a . Te r s txt i t ced Cor r on wha t t l oom nd i e a e a ne he s ges ry' e s nsnz t ke t o el polc andt dhert l a wih t M a be or polc c d s a c i. ie, ol o e ve t he zda f e ie oul e r h t Atti ,Ha st tfed t the ha r m aned a hi gilre shous on 60 Elz be h St ral ye esii ha d e i t s rfi nd' e 2 ia t f t e ie ni t of Aprl6,2011. He d d t xtTer ar und 7 or 8 P. .f a o e of or he ntr gh i i e ry o M or n unc mai n ,b tTe r ' p ie wa t o h g Se ea oh r c ro o ae Ha e ,tsi n . r ua a u ry s rc s o ih. v r l t e s o r b rtd y s etmo y4 j Durng polc que to ng,Ha s de ed knowi Te r de e borowi ave c ea orcel i i e si ni ye ni ng ry, nid r ng hi l nd/ l phone fom Te r a de e kilng St . r r y, nd ni d li okes On Aprl11 2011,Lt Ea e c e as co s a c wa r ntf rt whie M a da 626, i , . nes xe ut d e nd e r h r a o he t z no i d a r d san on t foor r a obt ne a a to ls b. For nsc e r Ti tce e ti he l boa d, nd ai d n ddii na wa e i xpe t m M cclle de ope a DNA pr ie of St s a we la pr ie of t Aprl8 a Aprl tr vel d otl oke , s l s ofl s he i nd i s bs Thet s bsm ac St ke 'pr ie a ea h ge tcm a ke .M ccl et si d t ta wa . wo wa t hed o s ofl t c nei r r ur e tûe ha n unr lt d pe s ha ng t e DNA c r trsi wa a l a tasunlkey asone i sx- nd- ea e r on vi hos ha ace itcs s t e s i l n i a a hafbilo l lin. On Aprl 1 2011,De e tve W hily e c e a s a c wa r nt of Te r s hom e i 4, tci te xe ut d e rh ra r y' . Ofi e s dico r d a se m c e ne ,s l wih gr e plntm a e i ,baggis wih gr n pl t fc r s ve e t a l a r caes t e n a t ral e t ee an m a e i ,a Ta s gun bag,a a fr a cl a ng l . De ec i Epps l t rt s ii d t tt gt t ral unl nd i e nn e ni dt t tve a e e tt e ha he m cl ani e pm e w a pr rf a . c i w e pon. The gr en pl ntm a e i li t ba es e ng qui nt s ope or 40 alber a e a t r a n he ggi 4Tesi y e t ihed t tHaye was wih hi gil end, as wel a Da d Dab ,J me Smih,a ha s t s rgi tmon sabls l s vi bs a s t nd Dwa Pr t,J . yne uit r 4 tse n g t l f r maiu n . Th se m ce n r wa s n t t f rn i lb wh r e td e ai y o rj a a ve e tn la e s e t o he o e sc a , ee t c c a f undt pr e eofbl butc d notc e t a DNA pr e. e hnii ns o he es nc pod, oul rae osl M a z Pa tr on,Te r s dit tr ltve by m a rage wa a i a e a ong wih Te r r us te s ry' san e ai ri , s n nm t l t ry on Nove r29,2011. Pat r o a ke Te r i he ha l l t gil Te r r ponded s ve a mbt te s n s d ry f d dled he r. ry es e rl tm e w ih 1 f ke up, c ' Pa t r on t s ii d ag ns Te y be us he w a f i nds w ih i s t $ ' d I uc uz. ' te s e tfe ai t n' ca e s re t St ke 'hus nd. Pa tr on a s ts ii t Te r ne r de e kilng St s o y t the o s ba te s lo e tfed hat ry ve nid li oke , nl ha t houghtt e de e a i thi wa t we k f a c c i he vi nc gans m s oo a or onviton. On Nove be 6, 201 Te r s ht t s es t Aprl 8 s b bec us 1 w m r 2, ry oug o uppr s he i wa a e a e ore ntha omitdt s bfom t warntsi nt yi vi ai ofVa Codej 1 2nf c me d te he wa r he ra ' nve or n olton . 9. 67. He as a ke t co tt s es t Aprl 11 s b e n t h no vi a i ha lo s d he ur o uppr s he i wa ve houg olton d oc ure Furhe ,Te r a g d t tt s a c wa r nt f t M a 626 we e i ld. The c r d. t r ry r ue ha he e r h r a s or he zda r nvai Cic i Co r o te Ciy o Dmwi e d ne te moin b c us ( )t e o sin o a ie rut u t f h t f l e id h to s e a e 1 h miso f n tm l fo awa r n m a vi at a saut ,butdoe no r s ti e de e e uson unl s t sa e rm r a t y ol e t t e s t e ul n vi nc xcl i e s he t mt pr desf e l i orac tt i lvi ai occzs ( t Aprl11s bwa pr r a ovi or xcuson, onsiutona olton lr,2) he i wa s ope, nd ( )Ter h dnosa dngt o j c t t s a c o t eM a d . 3 ry a tn i o be t o he e rh f h z a A j r f u d Ter g it o frtd g e mt d ra d u eo afr am i tec mmiso u y o n ry u l f is- e re l e n s f ie r n h o sin y r o a mu d r a d b s d o t s mee i e c , h p e ii j d e smutn o sy f u d Te f r e, n a e n he a v d n e t e r sdng u g i la e u l o n ny guit ofpos es i ofa fr a m by acon c e f l On Dec mber1 201 t cr ui c t ly s son ie r vit d eon. e 4, 2, he ic t our j d es n e c dTer t lf i rs n n , l a a dto a tny a s5 u g e tn e ry o ie mp io me tpus n d i n l e e r . i Te r a al t ti co tsde a ofhi m oton t s es aswelast s t inc ry ppe ed he ral ur' nil s i o uppr s l he ufk e y oft e de e,butt Cour ofAppe l ofVigni de e t pe ii on Augus 28 201 he vi nc he t as r i a ni d he tton t , 3. A fe t t Ter y a a e t t Supr m e Cour of V igi a but t c tr f e t he r t t r ha , r ppe l d o he e t r ni , he our e us d o a he 5Th Da vl j r s g etd lf i rs n n frte frtd g e mud rc n it n a fv y as e n il uy u g se ie mp io me t o h is-e re re o vci , nd ie e r e o i rsn n fru eo afram i tec mmiso o amud r Th crutc u tflo dtejr ss g eto , mp io me t o s f ie r n h o s in f re . e ic i o r olwe h uy' u g sin a adde fvemor yeasf rpos e son o atr a m by ac ce f on. nd di e r o ssi f -er t onvitd el 5 r ue t on M a c 7,201 Te r t fl d a peii f r a wrt of ha s c pus wih t eq s rh 4. ry hen ie tton o i bea or t he Supr me Cour ofVig ni butt c tde ed r le on J nua y 6,201 Lasl Te r tld e t r i a, he our ni ei f a r 6. ty, r y ie t spe ii f r a wrtofha asc pus o Fe ua y 11 201 wih t s m e c am sashi sae hi tton o i be or n br r , 6 t he a li s tt ha as be : A.The tilc u ter d i r ln t a ( )t e p tto e lc e sa dng t ra o r re n uig h t 1 h eiin r a k d tn i o c n e t s ac o ave il a d ()t ee i e c wa a misbe o ts a e rh f hce n 2 h v d n e s d si l. B. Theti lc te e i de ng pettone ' moton t srke ra our n'd n nyi ii rs i o ti . C.Co n e wa ief ci ef r( )f iigt mo et etilc u t o s p r s u s l s n fe tv o 1 aln o v h ra o r t u p e s ilg lys ie e ie ea d ()f i n t c alng t esa c warn . le al ez d vd nc n 2 al g o h l e h e rh ra t i e D . Co elwa i fe tve f f lng t move t t l c tt s e s uns s ne f c i or aii o he da our o uppr s e de obt ne by a unl wf s a c wa r nt vi nce ai d n a ul e r h r a . E. Co e wa i fe tve f f lng t move t ti l c tt s e s uns l s ne f c i or aii o he ra our o uppr s e d n es ie fo t peiin rsrsd nc ( )b fii t c alng vie c ez d r m he t o e ' e ie e 1 y al o h l e t ng e t es ac warn s p rigt es ac o hi r sd n e ( )b fiigt h e rh ra t u po t h e rh f s e i e c , 2 y al o n n c le t peii r sdee i dlrng t s a ch ofhi r sde e a hal nge he ttone ' tnton zi he e r s e i nc , nd ()by fii t c lnget s iur ofGg e n plntmaeil'fom hi 3 alng o hale he ez e lr e a tra' r s r sde . e i nce F. Cou e wasi fe tve duet a c lc ofi e e t ns l ne f c i o onfit nt r s . G. Co e wa i fe tve f smula ousy r pr s n i a ci ntwih a uns l s ne f c i or i tne l e e e tng le t n a r ei e e tt t pe ii r dve s nt r s o he ttone . H.() Co s lwa ief ci f rfiig t o j c o mo e f ra mitil 1 un e s n fe tve o aln o b e t r v o sra whe t ve r s i t y woul notfnd t peii rt tg ly' i t n he nie a d he d i he ttone ç uit ' f he no Comm o a1h f ie t m e tisbur a f f ii t r s t i s nwe t a ld o e t den nd or a lng o aie he s ue o a p a. ()Pei o e ' rg tt afi til svo ae wh nt ev nie n p e l 2 tt n rs ih o ar ra wa iltd e h e r i s d t y woul notfnd t pe ii ai he d he ttonerç otguit 'i t Commonwe 1h t n ly' f he at f ie t m e tt i bur n. al d o e her de 1 The ti c te r d i f ii t a nts tt e c . ral our re n a lng o ppoi ubsiut ouns lt a s t e o dvie he pe ii ne r ga di awave ofa c lc ofi t r t tto r e r ng i r onti t n e es. J ( )Co n e wa iefcie f rfiig t o j c t t e c mpee c o a . 1 u s l s n fe tv o aln o be t o h o tn y f wines f t Commo alh,a ( t peii rs dght t due t s or he nwe t nd 2) he ttone ' o p o e s wa viltd b c u s ls fi e t o j c t t wi s ' r c s s oae y o n e' al o b e t o he t s ur ne com pet ency. K.Co n e wa i efcie ( )f rf i n t o j c t tt e Co n at u s l s n fe tv 1 o al g o be t ha h mmo we lh i dd n tetb ih ap o rc i o c so y f ra c l p nea d ()f r i o sa lj r pe han f u t d o el ho n 2 o f ii t i a h a de e tve wih i onsse tt si o r ga di who a lng o mpe c tci t nc it n e tm ny e r ng s z d t pe ii r s c l phone. ei e he ttone ' e l Re po n m ove t dim isTe scli sa pr e laly ba r d a orwiho m e i, s nde t s o s s ny' am s oc dtr l re nd/ t ut rt a Te r ha r ponded t t m oton. nd r y s es o he i I. I Exha ton and Pr e alD e aul us i oc dur f t 6 çA)fd rlc u tma n tg a tawrto h b a c r st apeiin ri saec td t e ea o r y o rn ( i f a e s opu o tto e n tt uso y unl st pe ii rhasfrte use hi saer medisby pr e i hi cai st t hi s es he ttone is xha t d s tt e e es ntng s l m o he ghe t sae c u t' Ba e v Co c rn, 2 0 F.d 2 6 2 8 ( t Ci. 2 0 ) (ii 28 U.. tt o r. ' k r . ro a 2 3 7 , 8 4h r 0 0 ctng SC. j2 5 ( )1;O' u l n v.Bo r k l 5 6 U. 8 8 8 8 ( 9 9 To me tt e h u to 2 4 b ( ) S li va e c e, 2 S. 3 , 4 1 9 :. e he x a sin r quieme ,a pe ii rt tha pr s nt t t sa ecour bo h t ope a i f c sa t e r nt ttone t mus ve e e ed o he tt t t he r tve a t nd he c nr lig lg lp icpls' Ka iv Ang ln ,3 0 F.d48 ,5 1 0 (t Ci.2 0 )(ne a o tol e a rn i e . s . eo e 0 3 7 0 -2 4 h r 0 2 itm l n ' q oain maksa d ctto o te ) & cam t a h sno be nprs ne t t h g s sae u tto r n iain mitd . $ li h t a t e e e td o he ihet tt A c tne rhe e sma bete t d a e use i i i cea t tt c am w o d be pr e zaly our ve t l s y r a e s xha t d f t s l r ha he l i ul oc dlr l ba r d unde sa elw i t pe ii ra tm p e t pr s nti t t sa ec t' Ba r 220F. re r t t a f he ttone te t d o e e t o he t t our.' ke , 3d a 2 8(iigGr yv Neh ra d 5 8U. 1 2 1 ( 9 6) t 8 ctn a . teln , 1 S. 5 , 61 1 9 ). Te r ha e r y s xhause t a ia e sae c tr m e es f r e ch of hi f de alc am s t d he valbl t t our e di o a s e r li b c u e h h s et r çary p e e te ) hs cam t t sae s hg e t c u t o ç sae e a s e a i % il rs n ld i li o he tt' ih s o r' r ç tt he f ' a pr dur l r e wo d ba c i r ton i t c am wa . ..pr e e t t sa e c t' oce a ul ul r onsde ai f he l i s es nt d o he tt our. ' M ate v.Ev t,1 5 F.d 9 7,91 (t Ci.1 9 ) o er ld o ohe gomd b U. v. th ws a' 0 3 0 t 1 4h r 9 7 , v rue n t r r t s y S. Banet,6 4 F.d 1 2 ( t Ci. 1 ) Ter sd rc a p a i fn la a y a dto a sae r te 4 3 9 4h r 20 1 . ry' ie t p e l s i a nd n d iin l tt ha a a ton woul be pr du al de a t d bo h unde Vigi a' saut oflmia i ,Va. be s c i d oce r ly f ule t r r ni s t t e i ttons Co j 80 r 4( ( ) a d Vign ass c e sv pei o sa e Va Co e j 8016 4 B)2 . de .165 A)2 , n r ii ' u c sie t in tmt. . d . - 5 ( () t Cli st ta e p oc dur l ba r d unde sa e lw a e ba r d fo f de a ha sr viw u es am ha r r e aly re r t t a r re r m e r l bea e e nl s Ter c n d mo srt c u e f rte d futa p eu ie fo t c n t uina er r o a ry a e n tae a s o h ea l nd rj dc rm he o si to l ro, r t mic rig o j sie Ba e , 20F.da 28 ; a 51 U.. t1 2 s ara e f u tc . k r 2 3 t 8 Gry, 8 S a 6 . Cli A i p o e u al bardb S o v. wel4 8U. 4 5( 9 6 , e a s G e e am s r c d r l re y tne Po l, 2 S. 6 1 7 ) b c u e ç r y wh t St t ha pr ded a o he a e s ovi n ppor niy f rf l a f i ltga i ofa Fourh Am e m e cam , t o ' l nd a r ii ton u t nd nt l i t Consiuton doe no r r t ta sae prs he tt i s t equie ha t t ionerbe g a e f de a ha sco pusr le on r nt d e r l bea r e if 7 t go he r und t t e de e o ane i a unc tt i na s a c or s i e wa i r ha vi nc bt i d n n onsiuto l e r h ezur s ntoduce a d t til 6 I . t482 Ge rly tev d n eo tie b poieo fc r i vilto o t F u t ra. d a neal,ç j i e c b an d y lc fies n oain f he o rh g '' . Am e e i e l d a ti li t ho t tt fe nc off t r vi ai nswilde r s ' ndm nt s xcude t ra n he pe ha he r que y u u e ol to l c ea e. ' 1 a 49 Forha aspeii ,çc rbuton,i a oft co i r ton ofs a c a s i tr d. t 2. be ttons çonti i f ny, he nsde a i e r h- nd-e zle c am sofsa eprs r on co lt r lr viw i s li r lton t t coss' I a 493. li tt ione s la e a e e s mal n ea i o he t . d. t ' Te r alege t t 1w e or e e o fcal vi a e hi Fourh Amendme rght by r y l d ha a nf c m nt fi i s olt d s t nt i s s ac i gt Ma d , n t rf r t etilc u terdb h l igt t()Te h dn sa dn e rh n he z a a d heeo e h ra o r re y o dn ha 1 ny a o tn ig t o j c t t es ac ,a d ( )tee d n ewa a misbe we r te So e d crn bas o b e t o h e r h n 2 h vie c s d si l.Ho ve, h tn o tie r Cl m A fom f de a hab s r e bec us Te r wa ofe e a f l a f i o > niy t ai r e r l ea eviw a e r y s f r d u l nd ar ppo t o ltg t t s cams ( )t tilc u th l a h ai o Ter smo in t s p r s,( )t e i ae he e li : 1 he ra o r ed e rng n ry' to o u p e s 2 h i Co r o Ap e l o Vigni a ay e Ter ' cam d n v a d fu n v oain a d ()te u t f p as f r i a n lz d ry s li e o o n o nd o i lto , n 3 h Supr m e Cour ofVig ni r vi we t cli . Thus Cl i A i ba r d fom f r lha as e t r i a e e d he am , am s re r ede a be r eW . eV1 Addii l i Te r s sae ha aspeii t Supr me Co tofVigi a f md t t tonaly, n ry' t t be tton, he e ur r ni ot ha po tons of Cl m F a Cli H,a t e tr t of Cli I a e pr e aly ba e unde ri ai nd a m nd he n iey am r oc dur l n'd r S a tn v Parc n 21 Va 27 2 5 S. 2 6 0 ( 9 4 ,c r.d ne 41 U. 1 0 ( 9 5 . lyo . ria , 5 . , 0 E.d 8 1 7 ) e t e id, 9 S. 1 8 1 7 ) Sl yt i a a qua e a i pe nt sae pr e al r e t t pr cl a on s n de t nd nde nde t t oc dur ul ha e udes f r l ha a ede a be s r viw whe a pettone c d ha r ie a i s a ti and on a a butf ie t do s e e n ii r oul ve as d n s ue t ral ppe l al d o o. Fih rv. y ln ,1 3F.d 8 5 8 4 (t Ci.1 9 ) I Cli F, ryfie t riet is s e An eo e 6 3 3 , 4 4h r 9 8 . n am Ter ald o as he sue t tt ti lco te r d be a e t c ts d ha a ha he r a ur r e c us he our houl ve ppoi ed a he a t r y;i Cl i H , nt not r to ne n a m 6I St ,t Supr Cour ea ae upont rtonal f lmii t uson i ha speii : n one he eme t lbor td he a i e or i tng xcl i n bea ttons A cam of ilgals a c a s zu e u li le e r h nd ei r ndert Fourh Ame he t ndme i c ucal dif r 9om nt s r ily feent ma ot rc tt i rght;o di rl t e de s ze ca i no wayha be n r nde e ny he onsiutonal i s r na iy he vi nce ei d n n ve e e r d untusworhy by t mea ofiss zur and i d oAe t se de al e tbls sbe r t t he ns t ei e ndee n hi vi nce one sa ihe yond vit l a do tt tt defndanti guit rualy ny ub ha he e s ly. 428 U. a 490. The Supr me Cou tc i d:Er dipa iy ...bewe n t e r c S. t e r ontnue t he s rt t e he ror ommit by t polc ted he ie o fcra tewidal fo d dag iyd fn a tb a piaino te(x l in r)r l i c nrr t t ie fie nd h n flafr e ul ee d n y p lcto f h e cuso ay ue s o tay o he d a t o p o rin lyt tse snilotec n e o j tc . l. f rpoto ai ha i se ta t h o cpt fusie' d t ' 8 Ter fie t riet eis et a tetil o r erdi p r tigba e jlo st h a h sc s ; ry ald o as h su h t h ra c u t re n e mit is d t r o e r i a e n r a d i Cli 1 Ter fie t riet is e t a t tilc u terdwh n( )tec u t ald n n am , ry ald o as he su s h t he ra o r re e 1 h o r fie t a nts tt e c o ppoi ubsiut ouns lt ad s Te y o whehe he s ul wave c ms ls c lc of e o vi e n' n t r ho d i ot e ' onfit i ee t a ( be a e t c tpemit t publc de e rs ofie t wihdr fom ntrs, nd 2) c us he our r ted he i f nde ' fc o t aw r r pr s ntng t Co monwe lh' wine s i t a of r quii t ofi t wihdr w fom e e e i he m a t s t s nse d e rng he fce o t a r rp e e tn Té r . Ter f i t s o c u e f rt s d fu t,o a mic ig o j sie e rs n ig ry ry al o h w a s o hee ea ls r s s r a e f u tc . The ef e t c tg a st r s r or , he our r nt he e ponde ' moto t dim ist s pa t o Cl i sF,H,and I nts in o s s he e rs f am a pr e aly ba r d fom f de a ha asr vi w. s oc dur l r e r e r l be e e 11 1. St ndar o R e e a ds f vi w To obt i f de alha sr le ,Tely mus de onsr t t he i tn c t i vi a i an e r bea e if ' r t m ta e hat s s usody n olton i o t e Co ttto o lwso te te o t Untd S ae . 28U.. j 2 5 ( Und r28 f h nsi in r a r r ais f he ie tts' u ' SC. 2 4 $. e U. C. 2 5 ( h we e, h f d rlh b a c u t yno g a tawrto h be sc r u b sd S. j 2 4 *, o v r t e e ea a e s o r ma t rn i f a a op s a e o a y cam t tasaec u t e ie o t meisu ls ta a j iain: n n li ha tt o r d cd d n he rt ne s h t dudc to ()Reule i a de son t t wa c tay t o i ved a ume s bl 1 s td n cii ha s onrr o, r nvol n a ona e a i a i of c e ry esa ihed Fe r l w,asde e mi d by t Supr m e pplc ton , l a l t bls de al a t r ne he e Co toft U nie St t s or ur he t d a e ; ( )Reu td i ad cso ta wa b sd o a u ra o a l d tr naino t 2 s le n e iin h t s a e n n n e s n b e eemi to f he f t i lghtoft e de epr e e i t Stt co tpr ee ng. acs n i he vi nc es ntd n he a e ur oc di 28 U. C.j 2 5 d ;s eas W i imsv.Ta lr 5 9 U. 3 2 40 -3 ( 0 0 . ç h r,a S. 2 4( ) e lo l n l y o , 2 S. 6 , 3 1 2 0 ) ç ee s W he e t sae c tsa ia i ofgove ni f de a lw i c lnge i m us be s wn t be r , he t t our' pplc ton r ng e r l a s hale d, t t ho o ' n to l er ne u , u o j ciey u ra o a l.7 Yaborouch v Ge tv 5 0U..1 5( 0 3 . o ny ro o s b t b e tv l n e s n b e' r nr, 4 S , 2 0 ) . Un e t i sa d r ,Ga saec u tsd tr n to t a a cam lc smei p e ld sfd r l d r h s tn ad t q tt o r' eemiain h t li a k lt r cu e e ea g h b a r l fs ln a fi- nd dj dssc ul a re o t e c re t e s o t sae c u ts a e s ei o o g s armi e u t o d g e n h o rcn s f he tt o r' e decson. Hari ronv. c er 562U. 86,1 ( 1 (mit i ena quotto ) ii ' rnkt Riht , ' S. 01 201 ) o ti ntr l ains. ng 'çA) u r a o a l a pl ain o fd rllw i difrn fo a ic re ta piain o fd rllw. ' n n e s n be p i to f e ea a s fee t rm n n o r c p lc t f e ea a ' ( c o ' Wil ms 5 9U.. t41 (iigWrc tv Wet5 5U.. 7 , 3 (9 2 )(mp a i i o iial la , 2 S a 0 ct i n ih . s, 0 S 2 7 2 7 1 9 ) e h ss n rgn l9 Un e j 2 4 * ,t tt-o r d cso s g t b gv n t e be ek o t e d u t' d r 25 4 s aec u t e iin musj e i e h n f f h o b ' s W o d o d v.Vico t 5 7 U. 1 ,2 ( 0 2 . Ad iin l ,j 2 44) ç ees o y t a o fr s iti 3 S. 9 4 2 0 ) , dto al y 25 d t fr nl o r ç e iiny whih rs td fo a %du iain,'a d d e n t çe ure a sae n o d cso ' c eul r m n a j dc to ' n o s o l q igq ttme t f e ' r r a ons ' H a i t 562 U . a 98. es . ' n- on, ng S. t Furhe ,f cai ofi uf e e de e,f de a c ursc n o y gr ntha sr le çi t r or l ms ns fcint vi nc e r l o t a nl a bea ei f tf ii f t s ound t tupo t r or e de e a ha n he ec d vi nc dduce a t tilno r tona tiroff c co d ha d t he ra a i l re a t ul ve fun p o fo g lbe o dar a o bed u t' J c o v Vizn a 4 3U. 3 7, 2 (9 9 . o d r o f ui y n e s na l o b ' a ks n . r ii, 4 S. 0 3 4 1 7 ) t Te r alo r s s ca ms ofi fe tve as it e of c ry s aie li ne f c i ssanc ouns l To sa e a c tt i l e. tt onsiutona cai f i f c i as it e Te l m us s ts y t t pr Sd c a v.W a hi t t s l m or nefe tve ssanc , ry t a if he wo- ong klnd s ng on e t b s o n () Gh t c un e' p ro ma c wa d sce t' a d ( Sh t t d fce t y h wig 1 t a o s ls e fr n e s e in ' n 2) i a he e in t t p ro ma c p eu ie t d f n e' 4 6 U. 66 ,6 6 6 7 ( 98 ) A p tto e mus ef r n e rj dc d he e e s . 6 S. 8 8 - 8 1 4 . ' ei n r t i ove co e $a s r pr um pt o 't tc r m ç tong es i n' ha ouns ls t c i alde s ons d i t r pr e a i w e e e ' a tc ci i ur ng he e es nt ton r ra o a y c mpee t a d t c u tma a j dg c u s lspef r n ed sce to l wh n a e s n bl o tn , n he o r y du e o n e' ro ma c e in ny e pe ii r de ttone monsr t s t tln lghtofal t cr umsa e ,t i ntse a t or o isons ta e ha ç i i l he ic tnc s he de i d c s m si we e o sdet wi r r ut i he de angeofpr e sonal c of s i ly ompe e a ssa e.' l . a 689- 8 t nt s it nc ' d t 90. The c tmus de r le i pe ii rf ist esa ih eihe oft Stil nd pr . our t ny ei f f ttone a l o t bls t r he rcda ongs Eve i Te r c n e t bls de i int pe f m a e t r t s hi sa r r i r m ans n f ry a sa ih fce ror nc mde hi gh t nda d, elef e i unav l e unl s he a s s aiabl es lo hows a ç e s bl pr biiy' t t butf c els e r s t t a ona e oba lt ' ha , r or ouns ' r or, he outome of t pr e ng woul ha be n difr nt J. a 694- Addii l whe c he oc edi d ve e fee . . t 1 L 95. tonaly, n r vi l i a St i kl nd c ai unde t AEDPA ,t cour ' r vi w i t e e ng rc a l m r he he ts e e s ç doubl 'def r nta . See y' e e i l Ha nlon,562 U. a 105. Lasl Ean at ne sfiur t r s a me ils aglme t ( ni S. t ty,lll tor y' al e o aie rte s r z n q ca nnotf r t ba i ofa s e s uli f e tve a s s a e ofc m s lc a m be a e t r ul of o m he s s ucc s f ne f c i s i t nc ot e l i c us he es t 8'r Si h Am e e gua a ee r s bl c pee e n t reta v c c j d e wi teb nek d he xt ndm nt r nt s ea ona e om tnc , o pefc d o a y u g d t h e f h ofhi i 'Y abo ough,540U . a 8. ndsght' r r S. t 10 t pr ee ngwoul no ha be n dif r thadt a tr r ie t is ' Unie St t v. he oc di d t ve e fe en he to ney a s d he s ue. ' t d aes Ki e'1 7 F.d 8 9 8 3 (t Ci.1 9 ) s eas M o r v. ie S ae ,9 4 F.S p 7 4, mlr 6 3 8 , 9 5h r 9 9 ; e lo o e Untd tts 3 , u p. 2 731( D.Va 1 . E. . 996) I . V M er t ofCl m s is ai Fis,e n i Cli A we e no defuled,i i wihoutme i. The Fo t Ame m e rt ve f a m r t a t ts t rt urh nd nt sa e çf erghtoft peo et be s c e i t rpe s ns hous s pape s and e f c s a i t tt s:t ' i -h he pl o e ur n hei r o , e, r, fe t, gans unr s na e s a c s a s iur ,s l notbe vi aed,a no W a r nt s lis ,butupon ea o bl e r he nd ez es hal ol t nd r a s hal s ue pr obabl c e. U. Cons. a e 1 e aus ' ' S. t m nd. V. The Fo t Ame e pr t t vitm s of urh ndm nt o ecs c i unr s nabl s a c ea o e e r hes a s i ur s by e l ng ilga l obt i d e de e f o c i i l nd e z e xcudi le ly ane vi nc r m rm na p o e dng . Untd S ae v Caa d a 41 U. 3 8 ( 9 4 . Ho v r Fo rh Ame d n r c e i s ie tts . ln r , 4 S. 3 1 7 ) we e , u t n me t pr t c i r uie t vi a i ofa c tt i na rgh ;Ghe ei no e usona y r l ge r ly o e ton eq r s he olton onsiuto l i t G r s t xcl i r u e ne al a i bl t sa or vi ains' Unie Sttsv.Clr y,631F. 658,667 ( h Ci.2011 pplca e o tmt y olto . ' td ae eme 3d 4t r ) (uoigUntdS ae v. d , 3F.d5 7 5 6( t Ci. 0 6) q tn ie tts Ab i46 3 4 , 5 6h r 2 0 ). ForCli A,t sa etilc tf undt tTe r lcke sa ng t c le e t s r h am he t t ra our o ha ry a d t ndi o ha lng he ea c oft M a bec us he di notown t ve cl ha no pe s lc rke ,a wasm anl a he zda a e d he hi e, d r ona a ys nd iy pa s r t r f e,he ha no r s na e e c ai n of prvac Al o,Te r c ede t s enge ; he e or d ea o bl xpe t to i y. s ry onc d he vai t oft s ar h wa r nt d i t til The c tta r e wih t Co tofAppe l of ldiy he e c ra s urng he ra . otr g e s t he ur as Vign asa ayss çf ev ldt o tewarn s e e uin i t h le e , a d snc s -er q r ii' n l i:ç' aiiy f h ra t' x c to s mc alng d' n i e çl ry -h ' gc nnotc am t ta s r h c a l i ha ea c onduc e pur ua t avai wa r ntvi a e hi Fo t Ame e t t d s nt o ld r a olt d s urh ndm n ri s. . . we ne d note ge i a anayss t a c r t twa l wf l s a c d.9 ' er v. ght . e nga n n l i o a ha s a uly e r he , r r y Co n at No 0 8 - 3 3 a 4 ( . . p. . , 3 ( No.1 .) TheFo rh mmo we 1 h, . 0 5 1 - , t Va Ct Ap Aug 28 201 ) ECF 0 1. ut Am e e tpp t cs ag ns ulr as bl s a c s a s iur s butofi e s a t d pr ry by ndm n e t ai t le ona e e r he nd ez e , fc r c e ope l 9TheCour ofAppeasofVigi aw a c m e i on t fc t taK azv. Unied Stt ,389 U. 347 t l r ni s om ntng he'a t ha t t aes S. (9 7 a ayi wa u n c say Ter lc e ara o bee p cain o p i c hi F u t Ame me trg s 1 6 ) n lss s n e es r. ry a k d e sna l x etto f rvay; s o rh nd n iht we enoti i td;ands t e usonay r edi no a y. r mplcae o he xcl i r ul d t ppl 11 obt i ng s ar h wa r nt ba ed on pr bl c us The e l i r r e doe no s es ani e c ra s s oba e a e. xcusona y ul s t uppr s lgaly obt i e d e. Furhe ,Te s a gum e t tt f l e t pr pe l i ve or t e l aned vi enc t r ny' r nt ha he aiur o o ry n nt y he fr tDNA s b s d ha r s t d i t s e so o t te de i i ore t is wa houl ve e ule n he uppr s i n f ha vi nce s nc r c : W hie vi ai nsofsae pr e alsaut sa eviwe wih dif vor...net r l olto tt oc dm tt e r e d t s a ihe t Vigi a Supr m e Cour no t l gilt e hasado e an e usona y r l he r ni e t r he e sa ur pt d xcl i r u e f rs hvi ai ...(nd t Vigi aSupr meCo tha c itntyde lne o uc oltons a j he r ni e ur s onsse l ci d q t i o mpos a e l i r r e whe e no de i ton of t def nts e n xcusona y ul r prva i he enda ' j cnttnlgtocrd ostiarh cue. io is r u I Th mp o v.Co n at ,1 Va Ap .1 7 1 2,3 0 S. 2d 1 8 2 ( 9 0 (i to s o sn mmo we lh 0 . p 1 , 2 9 E. 9 , 01 1 9 ) ct in a r mo e ) Re a de s f d rlha e sc u t d n tg a tr le ç a e o ab l ft ttetil e v d . g r ls , e ea b a o rs o o rn eif d s d n ei ha h ra b e j d e i o rcl i tprt d t e Ett' e i e c c d q'u ls te mitk % o ifce te u g nc re ty ne ee h saes v d n e o e ' ne s h sa e s n e td h s e tr tilt a t e rs lig c n ito vo ae E Co si in . Esel v.M c r,5 2 nie ra h t h e utn o vcin ilts t he n tmto j' tle ' Guie 0 U. 6 ,7 ( 9 1 . No c nsi to a v oain o c re h r ;t ee o e te c u tg a t t e S. 2 2 1 9 ) o t u in l i lto c u rd ee h r fr , h o r r ns h t m otont dimi sast Cl i A . i o s s o am I Cl m B,Te r a g s t tt ti c te r d i de ng hi moton t srke. Hi n ai ry r ue ha he ral our re n nyi s i o ti s c e i n i me il s . At ti , Te y, t r h c ont nto s rte s ral n' h oug ouns l s e , ought t s e s s ve a ie s o uppr s e r l t m obt ne puruantt s a c wa r nt,i udi pl ma e i ,t t it d DNA s b,a t ai d s o e r h r a s ncl ng; ant t ral he mlse wa nd he lse DNA s b. Te r c am st tt s a c s vi a e no o y Vigi a lw,but as hi it d wa ry l i ha he e r he olt d t nl r ni a lo s Fourh a Fo te h Am e e rght,be us lw e or me f ie t ls t tr tDNA t nd ure nt ndm nt i s ca e a nf ce nt al d o it he s s s a i t s r h w a r nt s i nt y. H ow e r t ti lco the d t tt e l i r r e w b n he ea c r a ' nve or ve , he r a ur l ha he xc us ona y ul di not a y unl s a vi aton of Te r s c tt i l rght occ z e a t t 1w d ppl es ol i r y' onsiutona i s u r d, nd ha a e or em e ' s a ut r vi a i r ga di t unls e DN A s a di notl a nt't i e iy nf c nt s t t o y ol ton e r ng he it d w b d G i ' he nt grt t o t ot r s a c s 1 W ih no pr o a co tm tonalvi a i of e e by Te r and b0t f he he e r he . 0 t oof f ns i i ol ton f r d ry h s r h wa r t c rng t c l ci ofDNA, hetilc tad itd t e de e. ea c ran s ove i he ole ton t ra our m te he vi nc 1 tL l n o lanc wih Seci 1 .25 d e n trq r s p rsin o e d n e' Tr a 6 Alo ç 0 tN o c mpi e t ton 9 -7 o s o e uie u pe so f vie c . . t 2. s ,4 ' ' 1 d n ttikta (o c mpl nc wihtesaue rsst ac n tuin lsu , I. t8 , o o hn h tn n o i e t h tttl ie o o si to a is e' d a 8 a t ' The Cour ofAppe s ofVigi a a fnne t c ci a t e de e a s i n: t al r ni fi d he onvi ton nd he vi nc dmis o C u fce tcr u tn ile d n ee itd f rara o a emi t c ncu e ta E erqwa ç fiin ic msa ta vie c x se o e s n bl nd o o ld h t ' ry s s r rs nsbef rte d ah o Ke d a So e . Ter , 0 5 1 - ,a 8 ( No 1 .) Tl s epo i l o h e t f n r tk s' ry No. 08 - 3 3 t ECF . 01 . l ' i fndi wasnota unr s na e a i to off de a l norha Te y de o tae f t t i ng n ea o bl pplcai n e r l aw, s n' m nsr td acs o o e c me t e etb ihe r c r . Th Co r o Ap e l o Vign a ctd te mao v ro h sa ls d e o d e u t f p as f r ii i h e jr cru tnile i e c a ans Ter ,i ldng ()Ter s ug tt p rhae maiu n t t ic msa ta v d n e g i t ry ncu i : 1 ry o h o u c s r a a ha j n g t ()h ha c le S o e o h so ph n ,()S o e stu a d a wi Hartn () ih , 2 e d ald t k s n i wn o e 3 t k s e p e l t iso , 4 h Stk s Hartn a d Te y me i tep r i g lt ( )Stk slf i tewht Ma d ,()i te o e , iso , n n. t n h ak n o, 5 o e e tn h ie z a 6 n h daysafe t mur r deeci s o e ve t M a a s w t tonl t r a oft c rhad tr he de , t tve bs r d he zda nd a ha y he e r he a bee ce ne ( Te r g vei nsse tsoresa who us t M a da o t ni oft n la d, 7) ry a nco itn t i bout ed he z n he ght he mu d r ( )t DNA s b fo t eM a d mac e S o e , 9 Te ' h dnoc n ma l ai , r e, 8 he wa s r m h z a th d t k s ( ) ny a o sr be l bi ( 0 t e. c lb rg n ce nngktfu i Te sh me ( 1 a d as sae nsTer ma e 1 ) h 40 aie u la i i o nd n ny' o , 1 ) n lo ttme t ry d i j i t hsdsa tc u i rg r i gh siv le n i temu d r Th rf r , h c u tg a t n al o i itn o sn e ad n i n ov me t n h r e . ee o e t e o r r ns t m oto t dimisa t Cl i B. he i n o s s s o am I Cli C, ryalg sta hstilc u s lwa ie fciefr( )fii t mo èt n am Te r le e h t i ra o n e s n fe tv o 1 al o v he ng tilc tt s e s ilgal sied e de e a f ( f lng t c lnge t sarh ra our o upprs le ly ez vi nc nd or 2) aii o hale he e c wa r nt Te r a g st tc uns lf ie t move t s e st s r hesofhi c l phone a r a . ry r ue ha o e al d o o uppr s he ea c s el nd c lphone r c ds a t tt s r h wa r tf iedt d c i t pr ry t be s a c d a el e or , nd ha he ea c ran a l o: es rbe he ope t o e r he nd t i o m a i s ug wih s fc e s cii t sa e t ofe e t whih t wa r ntwas he nf r ton o ht t ufi i nt pe fciy, tt he f ns o c he ra r l t d or nn e st ea e m okesast vi tm ,nn e or de c i Te r ls any r l to hi be w e n Te r he c i m s rbe r y, i t e a i ns p t e ry a st nd okes m ur e , ' dr or i ude a a t c ncl n ta hed a fda tl cl i C s ts s ne t r t f i vi.l am a i fe ihe he 1 Te y cam st tt r cor esa ihe t tt s r wa r tw a as c le çge r ls r w ar nt' ' n' li ha he e d tbls s ha he each ran s o- ald s ne a each ra ' pr bie unde t Fourh Ame ohi td r he t ndme a t tt ofi r di no a t h a a fda tuntla trt war nts nt nd ha he fce s d t tac n fi vi i fe he ra ' e uton. Howeve,Te y ofe sno fct t s ppo ts cams Mer y sai t ts mehi oc red doe no xec i r n' fr a s o u r uch li . el ttng ha o t ng cu r s t 13 S ro ma e' o t eç rj dc 'p o g o Stika .I hsp tto , n a pe r t atmp ç f r nc 'n r h t eu ie' r n f rc lnd n i eiin Te y p as o te t pe p t q t Va Code j 1 2- çf e warntdi notttt t r ltd ofe e i patc a,t o uoe . 9, 56: ç' ra d -h sae he eae fns , n riulr o whi h t s r h wast bec c he ea c o onduc e a t om iso s lr ndert wa r tde eci a t t d nd he s i n hal e he ran f tve nd he e de e s i d i t e uto oft wa r n i m isbl .,,2 Pe ' ' Br ,Tery v.Fl m i vi nc eze n he xec i n he r a t nad s i e ,1 tr s . r e ng, No.1 4591 a 1 ( No.1 .I a esi Ter ssaeha a peii t SuprmeCo t 07 , t 9 ECF ) n ddr sng ry' tt be s tton,he e ur ofV i gi a f und t t r ni o ha : Th r c r , n l i gt ewarn a t rzn t s ac a s iu eo g-ry'j e e o d i cudn h ra t uhoiig he e rh nd ez r f 'er s l c l pho a t s e l ne nd he uppori a sda t de o taest tt wa r ts fce l tng f vi, m nsr t ha he ran ufi inty i ntied t pr pe t t be s i d a t i or ton t be s ug ,sa e t t de i he o ry o eze nd he nf ma i o o ht t t d ha t s ar h wa a r lt d t t frtdeg ee mur r ofSt s a de c i d t t he e c s ea e o he is r de oke , nd s rbe ha tea fa th d frtha d k o e g ta l ry u e t ec l ph n t c l a d h fin a is- n n wld e h t Ter l sd h el o e o al n t xt S okesbef e he deah.Acc di y,t wa r ntdoesno s f r fom t e t or r t or ngl he ra t ufe r he d fcsg e rqalg sa dc u s lc u dh v r a o a l d tnnne amo int ee t ' ry le e n o n e o l a e e s n b y ee i d T to o s p r s o t o e g o nd wo d ha ebe n f l. Th s g-ry ha f i d t u p e s n h s r u s ul v e mie u , 'er l s al o l e de onsr t t tc m t a e ha ouns ' pe f els r onua e w a de i ntort tt r i a r as bl nc s fc e ha he e s e ona e pr biiy t t bu f c oba lt ha, t or ouns ls al ge e r s t r s t of t pr ee ng e ' le d ror , he e ul he oc di wo d ha bee dif r nt1 ul ve n fe e . 3 Ter v. e ng No 1 7 9 , t2 ( . a 6 2 6 ( No 1 .) Th c u ta re wi ry Flmi , . 0 45 1 a Va J n. , 01 ) ECF . 02 . e o r g e s t h t Supr m e Cour of Vig ni s a l i , a t fndi t r Stikl nd i net r a he e t r i a' nayss nd he i ng mde rc a s ihe n ma i s a Te c ke t o, nd ny annotove c r ome t defr nc gi n t t sae co t i f tf ng wih c us y he e e e ve o he tt urs n ac-mdi t oncl or sae n sta h v n d mo srbesp o t gfcso e ie c .S e2 U. C. 2 5 /) ttme t h t a e o e n ta l u p ri a t r vd n e e 8 S. j 2 4 . n : Thi quotd l ua doe nota t l a ri Va Co e51 25 ,o a yoh rc d s cinta te 2 s e ang ge s cualy ppea n . d 9.-6 r n te o e eto h t h c utc udfn . Ho v r t Co r o Ap e l o Vignai Le d nv Co n at h l ta Sth fiue o r o l id we e,he u t f p as f rii n be u . mmo we l ed h t tle alr h l of a wa rnt t sae t r atd ofe e r nde s t wa r n faaly defctve'a t e de s ied i t ra o tt he el e fns e r he r a t f t l e i nd he vi nce ez n he e c to o tewarn ia misbl. 2 Va Ap 6 7 70 ,5 S. 2d4 7 4 2 (ii Va Co j 1 . 5 ; xeuin f h ra tn d si e' 7 . p. 9 , 8 01 E. 2 , 3 ct ' ng . de 92-6 Giuyv Co n at, 2lVa 38 412 7S. 2d1 5 1 60 (98 ).Thee cu in r rl d e n t p yt l l . mmo we lh 2 l . , , 6 E. 0 , 0 -7 1 0) x lso ay ue o s o a pl o t aaly deeci ' war nt be us of Seci 1 2- but r her a a Fourh Ame t t l f tve' ra s ca e f ton 9. 56, at s t ndmentpr e ton agans otci i t S n rlsac warns' S eLe e u ,2 Va Ap a 71 , 01SE.da 4 33 Va Co ej1 25 Vigni s ea e rh ra t. e b d n 7 . p. t 1 5 . 2 t 3 -4; . d 9.-6. r i a ge ' ha r atdl hedt çe uson ofevi ei notr quiedwheeasa uor r quie e i vi a e but...t s epe e y l hat lxcl i denc s e r r tt t y e r m nt s olt d, he F u t Ame d n i n t' Hac rv. mmo we 1 1 Va Ap 48 , 3 41 SE.d2 6 26 ( . p. . o rh n me t s o. the Co n at 4 . p. 7 49 , 9 . 2 5 , 0 Va Ap Ct ' h, 1 9 ) Alo t n atc e afd vi whc r ctste ofn ep o ie t ne esr n tc bea s t afd vt 9 2 . s , ç ta h d fia t ih e ie h fe s r vd s he c say oie c u e he fia i a 4e o llp l o tesac warn .'Le e u ,2 Va Ap a 7 9 5 1SE.da 4 2(u t gGiuy 2 Va b c mes a4 f h e rh ra t' b d n 7 . p. t 0 , 0 . 2 t 3 q oi l l, 2l . ' n l a 41 2 7SE.da 1 7 . t ,6 . 2 t0) 1 Tery alo vol t rl ga pennison t t Danvil Polc Depa t ntt s r h hi celphone on 3 r s un aiy ve s i o he le ie rme o ea c s l Aprl9,2011whe hesgne acons ntt s r h f i n i d e o ea c onn. Pe '' BraExhi tK a 1,Tenv v.Flm i No.1 74591 trs . bi t e na, 0 ( . y2 ,2 l ) La e fre n di fl asac warn frhsph nerc r s a dtewm a tsae ta Va Ma 5 0 5 . w noc me t d i e rh ra t o i o e od , n h e n ttd h t t i or ai s he nf m ton oughtwa phoner or r a e t t frtde eemur rofKe r St .l . a 2. s ec ds elt d o he is- gr de nd a okes d t . 1 4 unr as e onabl a i ton of f de a 1w norba e on a t e ona e de e nai n o f t . e pplcai e rl a sd n mr as bl t nui to f ac s Th s t ec u tga t t emoint ds s a t Cli C()a dC( ) u ,h o r rn s h to o imis s o ams 1 n 2 . I Cl i D,Te r a s t t t he was de e e f c i a ssa e of c n am ry s ers ha ni d fe tve s it nc ouns l be a e e c us c ouns lf l t c le t vai t oft Aprl8,201 s a ch wa r t Te s al ga i e aied o ha lnge he ldiy he i 1 er ran . ny' le tons i ude:t wa r nt di not r f r nc or na Tery,di no i ntf t i vi l whos ncl he ra d eee e me r d t de iy he ndi dua e bi og c lma e ila cot ng s d be s a c d f ,di notde c i wih pa tc a iy t ol i a t ra nd l hi houl e r he or d s rbe t riulrt he c i s lsorwe po t be s a c d f ,di no i ntf t mur ri tga i i pe ti d alber hel a n o e r he or d t de iy he de nvesi ton t rane t wa no s ve on Te r di notsa e wih s ûce pa tc a iy t tlngs t be s z d o, s t er d ry, d t t t uf int ri ulrt he li o eie durng t s ar h,wa nots i he e c s uppored by pr ba e c us a f ie t e t bls a c t o bl a e, nd a ld o sa ih ny onneci n to bewee Te r a t ve cl t n r y nd he hi e. Th cam i wih u mei, e a ei d e n ts tsyet e t ep ro n eo p eu ie e li s t o t rt b c us t o s o aif i r h ef nna c r rj d c h pr ofSti klnd. On ha a r viw ,heSupr me Co tofVigi af und: ong rc a be s e e t e ur r ni o The r c d,i udi c e or ncl ng ouns ls moton t s e s t ti ta c i ,and t e' i o uppr s , he ral r ns rpt he r e ntwara ,de taest tt tilc tco l d E n' di no ha elva rnt monsrt ha he ra our ncude ' yj d t ve Fe sandi t c le t s a c oft ve cl .1 M oreover,t wa r ntdoe no t ng o hal nge he e r h he hi e 4 he ra s t s fe fo t ed f csg e y ie tfe . Thewarn a d t atc e afd vt u fr r m h ee t ' n') d n i s F ra t n he ta h d f a i d s rb d t t ( ry wa d ii g t e v h ce wh n h me wi So e e cie ha Ter) s rv n h e il e e t t tk s h i e a ey prort he deah,s fcinty des rbe t pl et be s r he a mm dit l i o r t ufi e l c i d he ac o ea c d nd t t ngs t be s i d, a saed t t t wa r nt was is d i r lton t he hi o eze nd t t ha he ra s ue n ea i o St s mur r I was no r quie t t t wa r nt be s r d on Te r oke ' de . t t e r d ha he ra e ve ry. Ac di y,cou elc d have r as bl deer ned a moton t s ppr s on cor ngl ns oul e ona y t mi i o u es t eg o n i e tfe b g e wo l h veb e f tl.Th s E-ry ha fie h r u ds d niid y ' nyj ud a e n uie u , rer q s ald F l t de onsr t t t c o m ta e ha ouns ls pe f r nc wa de int or t t t r i e ' r o ma e s sce ha he e s r a ona e pr biiy t t but f c e s bl oba lt ha, or ouns ls aleg e r s t r s t o t e ' l ed ror , he e ul f he pr e di wo d ha be n dif r nt1 oc e ng ul ve e f e e . 5 1 Te y a t i hi r pons t t moton t dimist he di no have sa ng t c lnge t 4 n' dmis n s es e o he i o s s hat d t tndi o hale he s r h war a . ea c r nt : Te cai t he ha r se t afi vi, butt doc nti silt rs al He a gue t t 5 ny l ms hat s eque td he tda t he ume s tl mde e . r s ha wi o tteafd vth h sn wa t d tr n wh te p o a l cu ee itd.l fc, rybeiv sta Sthe t u h fi a i, e a o y o eemie eh r r b be a s xse n a tTer le e h tçl h l e ie c c letdp it t Cah Cok ra dn t ry' Pe'' Repo et teMo.oDimis a 2 ( No vd n e olce ons o ty re n o Ter . trs s ns o h tt s s, t 2 ECF . ' 1 )(mp a i i o iia) Heas camsta sn eteewa n DNA o oh re ie c t p o et th to 8 e h ss n rgn l. lo li h t ic h r s o r te vd n e o r v ha e o k Cok rsMa d 6 o ted yo So e ' re,h cru tnil vd nc p ee tda til rj dcdhm, n re ' z a 26 n h a f tk s mud rte ic msa ta e ie e rsne tra p eu ie i a d t ti c ts dha s e s d anyevi ncec lc e 9om t vehi e Ter a r t miunde sandt he ral our houl ve uppr s e de ole t d he cl. ry ppeas o s rt he natle ofcic tnta evi nc Cic tnta e de e,whi t pr ec ton r i on he l i Te r s t r r umsa il de e. r umsa il vi nc ch he os u i eled aviy n ry' 15 Ter No.1 4591 a 2- ( No.1 2) n a t rpori ofCl m D,Ter c e t t ry, 07 , t 3 ECF 0. .I nohe ton ai ry ontnds ha hi c elwa i f tve f f lng t c le e t valdiy of t Aprl 11,2011 s a c s ouns s nefec i or aii o ha lng he i t he i e rh wa r t be us t unde l ng wa r ntf ie t nn e ordes rbe Te r wm notpr vi d t ran , ca e he ryi ra a ld o m ci ry, s o de o Te r esa ihed no c nne ton be we n Te y a t ve c e a di no saewih s fc e ry, t bls o ci t e n' nd he hil , nd d t tt t ufii nt pa te a iy t ie st be s z l a e sng Te r sha spe ii n,t Supr m eCo tof riulrt he t m o eied. n ddr s i ry' bea tto he e ur V i g ni s a e r i a t t d: The r c d,i udi co e ' moton t s e s t ti ta c i ,a t e or ncl ng uns ls i o uppr s , he ral r ns rpt nd he r e ntwar nt de taest tt tilc tco l d g-ryjdi notha elva ra , monsr t ha he ra our ncude 'er d l ve sa ng t c l tndi o halenge a s a c of t ve c e. M o e ve ,t wa r ntdoe no e rh he hil r o r he r a s t s fe fo t d f cs( ry ie tfe . Thewarn a d t atc d afd v t u fr r m he ee t Ter ) d n iis ra t n he ta he fia i d c i t t St s wa s e i t ve ce t n t f ee mi e be or he es rbed ha pke s e n n he hi l e o v n nut s f e r deah ta i t r t a e whe ù he bod wa dico r d a s cii t t t r velng owa d he t a r r y s s ve e nd pe fed ha vmi bi ogia e de ebes i d. I i no r quied t tt wa a tbe s r d ous ol c l vi nc eze t s t e r ha he n'n e ve o o i e tf g er j Ac o dngy c t e c udha era o a l d tr n da n r d niy ' ry . c r i l, oms l o l v e s n b y eemie F moin t s pp e so te go n i e t id b ( ry wo l h v b e ftl. to o u rs n h r u ds d ni e y Ter j ud a e e n uie f Thus l ryqha f ie t de taet tc e' pef r , Ter s ald o monsrt ha ounsls ronwncewasde int sce o t tt r i a r s bl pr r ha he e s ea ona e obabiiy t t butf c lt ha , or ouns ls a lge e r s t e ' le d ror , he r s toft pr ee ng woul ha be n dif r nt e ul he oc di d ve e fe e . 1 a 3. Thecour a e wih t Supr m e Cour ofVigi a' a l i. Te r scai do no d. t t gr es t he e t r ni s nayss ry' l ms t ha bassi t f cua r c d,a t sa eco tfndng a enotco r r t f de a l and or ve i n he a t l e or nd he tt ur i i s r nta y o e r l aw / t Consiuton. The ef r ,Te y f ie t s tsy et ro t pr he tt i r o e n' a ld o a if ihe f he ongsunde Sti llnd,a t r rcca nd he co tmus g a r ponde ' m o i n t dimisa t Cl m D. ur t r nt es nts to o s s s o ai l Cl m E, Te r ar ue t t he w a de e ef e tve a s s a e of couns bec us n ai r y g s ha s ni d f c i s i t nc el a e co e f ie t c lnget valdiy oft s a c wa r tr ga di Te sr s de eorm o uns l a ld o hale he i t he e r h ran e r ng ny' e i nc ve frt s o he uppr s i of t e d nc ga he e t r f om . Te r alege t t t w a r nt w as e s on he vi e e t r d he e r r y l s ha he r a c n ito i id e n tç ietp o f' Ho v r 'cic msa ta e d nc ino o l s fce tbu ma as be o vcin,s n e d o t rc r o. we e,t lru tnil vie e s t ny ufiin , t y lo d ' l mor ce t n,s tsyi and pe s svet diec e denc ' Roaesv.M is ur Pa t R. Co. 35 U. 500, e rai a if ng r ua i han r t vi e. ' r s o i cik R. , 2 S. 5 n 1 (9 7 .Ad io al,teSu r meCo r o teUntd Sae S as n v rq eto e tes fkin y o 08 .7 1 5 ) dt n l h pe i y ut f h ie tts t lq e e u sin d h ut e c f h cr msa il e de e i s icu tnta vi nc n uppor of a c i nalconvito e t t rmi cin, ven hough pr be oof yond a r as e onabl do i e ubt s r q ie .De et lc.Ic v Cot, 3 U. 9 ,1 0(00 )(in Holndv UntdStts 3 U. 1 ,1 0 e urd sr Paa e n . . sa 5 9 S. 0 0 2 3 ct g l i a . ie ae, 48 S. 21 4 (9 4 I ci n lc ss cru tnile ie c i Snrn ial no dfee t 9o tsi nile ie c . 1 5 :. n rmia ae , ic msa ta vd n e s t tisc l i y ifrn m etmo a vd n e' ' Holand,348U. a 1 l S, t 40. 16 i ld be a ehi r sde ewasl a e i Pityl ni Count a lw e or me onl fld nvai c us s e i nc oc t d n ts va a y, nd a nf ce nt y ie t war n i t Cic tCo r o te Ciy o Da vi e i vo ain o Va Co e j 1 . 5 . he ra t n he rui u t f h t f n l , n ilto f . d l 92- 4 Te r scli i wihoutm e i. On ha asr vi w, he Supr m eCour ofVigi ahel r y' am s t rt be e e t e t r ni d: Co e j 1 2 5 d e n tp o i efrtee cu in o e ie ei tee n o is d 9.- 4 o s o r v d o h x lso f vd nc n h ve t f t vi ai gkryj ha no ag d t t any saut y vi ain i iae hi olton, ' r I s t r ue ha tt or olto mplc td s c nsi to a rg t,a d l ry h si e t idn p eu iese n fo fln o t u in l ih s n Terj a d ni e o rj d c tmmig r m iig t f t r lva w a r nt i Daw il a not Pityl i Coun y. Se Fr v. he ee nt ra n l le nd ts vmla t e ye Commonweat 231Va.370 377,3 S. 2d 267 273 ( 986)( e ssatt 1h, , 45 E. , 1 unls t ue sae oh r s , n n p eudca p o e u a v oai n d e no tig r tts te wie o - rj iil r c d r l ilto o s t rg e ç lso a y nl l Th , g-ry h s fie t d mo srt ta c u s ls xcu in r l . us 'erj a ald o e n tae h t o n e ' e l pe f r a e was de i e ort tt r i a r as na e pr biiy t t butf r r o m nc fcint ha he e s e o bl oba lt ha, o c ouns ' alege e r s t r s toft pr e ng woul ha be n dif e . els l d ror , he e ul he oc edi d ve e fer nt Ter v. e n , 1 7 5 , t4( No.1 .) Th c u t g e swi t S p e Co r rv Flmig No. 0 4 91 a ECF 02 . e o r a r e t he u rme u t h ofVigi a' a l i . Fr c r s a at h Te r me i t Fot' a Foure nt r ni s na yss ye ontol , nd lhoug r y ntons he ut nd h te h Ame m e i hi peii he ofe s no f c ua ba i f a c tt i nd nt n s tton, fr a t l ss or onsiutonalvi l ton. I t ad of oai nse esa ihi a vi ai of hi Fo t a Fo te h Am e t bls ng ny oltons s urh nd ure nt ndme rght ,Te r r pe t dl nt i s ry e a e y r e s t t sa ut y vi ai n. Howe ,a m e e pr e ale ordoes notr quie e de ef r o he tt or ol to ver r oc dur n' e r vi nce exc uso a doe notnec s a iy r ie c tt to lis by is l. Se Clr y,631F. a l i n nd s e s rl a s onsiu i na s ues te f e eme 3d t 6 7(1 tesau o yc ne ts p rs ini ac e mr o tesaue a d i a alb l yd p n s 6 $n h ttt r o tx, u p e so s r a e f h ttt, n t v ia ii e e d 1 s t o t saut ytxt' . n he tt or e .) ' I a herpori ofCli E,Te cai st thi c ms lwa i f ci f rf ii t n not ton am ny l m ha s ot e s nefe tve o alng o c le t va i t o t s a c wa r n f Te r sr i nc bec us t w ar ntf ie t ha lnge he ldiy f he e r h r a t or r y' esde e a e he r a a ld o: i ntf t m ur ri r l t t sa ewih pa tc a iy t tlngst be s a c d f ra s i d, de iy he de t e aed o, tt t riulrt he li o e r he o nd eze des i t c t or count w he e Ter y' r s de e w a l t i ude a a t he a fda t crbe he iy y r r s e i nc s oca ed, ncl n tac d f vi, a diec t wa r nta t s rf oft c y i whih Te r r sde l isha a or r t nd r t he r a t he he if he ount n c r y e i d. n t be s de ,he Supr m eCour ofVigi ahed t tt cli f ld t s ts yt r q r m e soft t pr e t r ni l ha he a m aie o a if he e uie nt he wo- ong St i kl nd t t rc a es : 17 Th r c r ,icu ig te war n a t rzng t e s ac o g er s r sd n e e e o d n ldn h ra t uho ii h e rh f ' ry'q e ie c F a t a t he a fda t de o t a es t t t w a r n s a ed i was i s d i nd he tac d f i vi, m nsr t ha he r a t t t t s ue n r l to t St s'mur r s fcinty des rbe t pl et be s a c d a t e ai n o oke de , ufi e l c i d he ac o e r he nd he t ngst be s z i l hi o eied, ncuded an a tc d a fda t a wasdiece t t pr r ta he f vi, nd r td o he ope a ho iy. Ac r ngl c ut rt co di y, ouns l co d ha r a o bl de e mi d t t e ul ve e s na y t r ne ha c alngn te war n o t e g o n s g ny ie tse wo l h v b e h l ig h e ra t n h r u d Te 'l d n i s ud a e e n f ute s r ils . Ter v. lmi c No 1 7 91 a 4 ( No.1 .) Th c u t g e swi te S p e Co r ry F e n , . 0 45 , t ECF 02 . e o r a re t h u rme u t h ofVig ni sa yss The r co d s r i a' nal i. e r howst Te s cai i unf hat ny' l m s ounded,a t r f e camot nd he e or z s tsy Sti klnd. aif rc a Alo i Cl m E,Te r m ant nst thew a denid t e f tve a ssa ofc s n ai ry i ai ha s e he feci s it nce ouns l e whe co el f l t c le n uns aied o hal nge t vai t o t s r h of hi r i nc a t ofi r he ldiy f he ea c s esde e fer fce s ne e t d t fl a r t n a i nt r s e f l wi t e u i n oft wara . The sa e gl c e o ie e ur nd nve o y he t olo ng he xec to he r nt tt ha s c tsat d: bea our t e Th r c r ,icu ig t war n a t rzn t e s ac o g-ry s r sd n e e e o d n ldn he ra t uho ii g h e rh f 'er ') e i e c l a t a c d i nt r de o ta e t tt r tun a t i nt y we e nd he ta he nve o y, m nsr t s ha he e t' nd he nve or r pr ry c ope l ompl t a ûl d. Acc di y, co el c d ha r as bl eed nd e or ngl uns oul ve e ona y de e m i d t tc le ngt wa r ntont g o t r ne ha hal ngi he ra he r undspe ii ri ntfeswo d ttone de ii ul ha be n fuil s . Thus pe ii r ha f l t de o tae t t c ve e r te s , ttone s aied o m nsr t ha ouns ls e' pe f nna was de e o t tt r i a r s bl pr biiy t t butf r o nce scint r ha he e s ea ona e oba lt ha , or col elsal ge e r r ,t r s toft pr ee ng woul havebe n d fe e . ms ' le d r o s he e ul he oc di d e if r nt J- a 5. The co ta e wih t Suprme Cour ofVigni sa yss Tery atmpst J, t ur gres t he e t r i a' nal i. r te t o de onsr t f c s c r r t t e t ihe r co d butofe s no s m tae a t onta y o he sabls d e r fr uppori e de e f hi tng vi nc or s co l or sa e e s The e or he f is t ove c ncus y tt m nt . r f e, al o r ome t de e e i sa r unde t he f r ntal t nda d r he AEDPA a c r s ts y Stikl nd. nd amot a if rc a I a a tona pori n of Cl i E, Te r c e t t c n n ddii l to am r y ont nds ha ouns w as i f e tve f el ne f c i or f lng t c l nge t s ar h of hi r i enc be aus ofi e s de a ne Te dtr ng t s a c aii o hale he e c s es d e c e t c r t i d ny li he e r h wihou a a r s wa r nta wihouti or ng hi ofhi rght . l hi sa e ha speii t t n r e t ra nd t nf mi m s i s n s tt bea tton, t Supr me Co tofVigi ahe d: he e ur r ni l 18 l (.ry wa i t ei d ae vcnt o hi r sd n ewhe o fc r e e u e f Ter ) s n h mme it ii i f s e ie c y n fies x c td t es ac war n,te wee e t ldt d t i ( n.)whi t y c mp ee t e h e rh ra t h y r ni e o ean Te y t l he o ltd h e s ac Ac o dn l, ( ry f i t d srb cru tn e i dc tn hi e rh. c r igy Ter ) al o ec ie ic msa c s n iaig s s detnton was unlw f l a co ms c d ha r as bl dee mi t t e i a u , nd t el oul ve e ona y tr ned ha c aln i t es ac o tego n ( ry i e tfe wo l h veb e fute s h le gng h e r h n h r u ds Ter q d n iis ud a e n r i s . l S eBalyv. ie S ae ,1 3 S Ct 1 3 ( 3 (x ann o fc r'a t o i e ie Untd tts 3 . . 0 1 201 ) e pliig fies u h rt y t de an oc upa s o pr mie i i ntt e c i ofa s a c wa r nton t o t i c nt f e s s ncde o xe uton e r h ra he p e ss .I a e e t ( ry fist ie tf wh te ie c ,i a y ofc r r mie ) n ny v n, Ter j al o d n iy a vd n e f n , f es pr ur d a a r s tofhi t mpor r de e to durng t e c i oft s a c oc e s e ul se a y t n i n i he xe uton he e r h war n o alg t a hewa s b e tt q e to n b o fc r t a ma ha e ra t r le e h t s u j c o u sinig y fie s h t y v war ne g er qb ig if r d o h srg t p l u n t M ia d v. io a ra td ' ry en n o me f i ih s t s a t o rn a Arz n , r r 3 4 U. 4 6 4 4 4 ( 9 6 . Th s E erq h s f i d t d mo srt t a 8 S. 3 , 4 - 5 1 6 ) u , ' ry a al o e n tae h t F e couns lspe f ma wasde i intort tt r i ar s na e pr biiy t t e ' r or nce fce ha he e s ea o bl oba lt ha, but f c or ouns ls al ge e r r ,t r s toft pr e ng woul ha bee e ' le d r o s he e ul he oce di d ve n dif r nt fe e . 1 The cou tag e s wih t sa e habe s cou ts a l i . Eve t d. r r e t he tt a r ' na yss n hough lw elor eme a rf c nt physc ly t he Te r a plce hi i ha ufs f r o r t hour wihout a a r s i a l ouc d ry nd a d m n ndc f o ve wo s t n ret w ar , t of e sa t d a oprae y pur ua t t s a c wa r nt1 Te r wa pr s nton rant he ic r c e ppr i tl s nt o he e r h ra .6 ry s e e t pr pery aso fc r e c e t s a c wa r nt and t r o eof e spr ry deai d hi he o t f e s xe ut d he e r h r a , he ef r fc r ope l t ne m on t ba k po c d i t s r h. Tery' c am i wihoutme i,a t f ist s tsy t he c r h urng he ea c r s li s t rt nd hus a l o aif he t pa t e te wo- r t s nunca e i Stikl nd. it d n rc a l t fna pori of Cl i E,Te r a s rs t the wasdenid e f c i a ssa e of n he i l ton am ry s e t ha e fe tve s it nc c ouns lwhe c e n ouns lf l t chal nge t va i t of t s i e of t e n pl n ma e i l' e aied o le he ldiy he ezur s e a t t ra' gr durng t s r h ofTe r s home on t g ot t tt s i e f l ou sde t s ope o t i he ea c ry' he r md ha he ezur el t i he c f he s a c wa r nt On ha sr viw,t Su e e Co tofVig ni a l ze t c am ; e rh ra . bea e e he pr m ur r i a na y d he l i The r or i l ng t til ta c i ,de o taes t t ofi e s f t t ec d, ncudi he ra r ns rpt m nsr t ha fc r o md he S r e p a tmaeil i a b x i g er s co e,wi c wa welwihn te l e n ln tra' n o n ' ry'q l st l h s l t i h g ' r i s opç of t w a r nt t t pe m i t d ofi e s t s r h f , a ong ot r t ng , c he r a ha r te fc r o ea c or m he hi s fr nns s l c s ngs a bule s Ther w as no r qui e e t t t w a r nt iea , hel a i , nd l t . e e r m nt ha he r a 1 Soqfcr e c tn as ac warn Er p r te )to d ti teo c p nso tep e sswhi a 6 l fies xe uig e rh ra t ae emi d t ean h c u a t f h rmie l l t e po rsac i c n uce ' Baly 1 3S. . t1 3 (u tn M ihia v. u r, 2U. 6 2, 0 (9 :. rpe erh s o d td.' ie , 3 Cta 0 7 q oig c g n S mmes45 S. 9 7 5 1 81 ' The Su e Cour oft Unie Stt ha i tfed s r li tnti e e t i alowi 1w e or ementt prme t he td aes s den ii eve a mpora ntr ss n l ng a nf c o d ti wi o ta ars warn p rua t oasac warn : 1 ( ni zn ters o h r t teo t r, () ean t u n ret ra t u s n t e rh ra t () % miig h ik f am o h fkes' 2 h mi ' S r el c mglt n o t sac ...( to t itree c wi t e c to o te sac warn 'a d () s d ry o ei f he e rh o o wi ul nefrn e t he xeuin f h erh ra t' n 3 h h S rv nigflh i tee e tta ici n tn e d n ei fu d' I. t1 8 1 4 (u t gSun r, 5 U. s e e tn l tn h v n h tn rmiaig vie c s o n . d a 03 - 0 0 q oi rmes 4 2 S. p g ' n a72 t 0 :. 1 9 a i pa e t pr s nc ofa lpot ntal i ul t y e de e a ofi er we e ntci t he e e e l e i ly nc paor vi nc , nd fc s r e ild t s zea s h e d e onc i c me lwf l wihi t i pl n viw. ntte o ei ny uc vi enc e t a a uly t n her ai e Se Bli v.Co n at,2 Va 48 , 0 3 3 S. 2 8 ,8 5 8 ( 9 3 . e ar mmo we 1 25 . 3 49 , 0 E.d 81 8 - 6 1 8 ) h Th ,g-ry ha f i dt d mo srt ta c u s lspef r n ewa d fce t us 'e rl s al o e n tae h t o n e' ro ma c s e in l e ort tt r i a r s bl pr biiy t t butf rcot e ' al ge e r r ,t ha he e s ea ona e oba lt ha , o ms ls le d r o s he r ul oft pr e di wo d ha bee dif r nt es t he oc e ng ul ve n fe e . Ter ,No.1 7 5 ,a 6 ( No.1 .) The c u ta re wi t sae h be s c u ts ry 0 4 91 t ECF 02 . o r g e s t he tt a a o r' h a ay i. Thep an viw d crn a pl sS wh n t p lc h veawar n t s ac agv n n lss li e o tie p i s e ) he oie a e l ra t o e rh ie a e f rs e iid o j cs a d i t c u s o te s ac c me a r s s me ohe a t l o ra o p cfe b e t, n n he o re f h e rh o co s o t r ri e f c ' hie 0 S. 4 , 5 1 71. n h s a e i ci n tn c r ce .1 Co ldg v. ew H nm ps r , 4 3U. 4 3 46 ( 9 ) l ti c s , n rmiaig haa tr, 7 oi e N o fc r k e a tetmeo t sa c o Ter ' rsd nc ta S o sh ds l fk mai a fies n w t h i f he e r h f ry s e ie e h t tke a od a e r u na j t Te r W he 1w e or eme dic r d çg e n plntma e i l'a Te r s r sde ,t y o ry. n a nf c nt s ove e ir e a t ra' t ry' e i nce he i daey r c g ie t a t emaeilc ud ber ltd t t e fk ma i a p r h s a d mme itl e o nz d h t h tra o l eae o h a e r u na u c a e n j s bsq e tmu d ro S o e . S eHo tn v Caioni,4 6U. 1 ,1 2 ( 9 0 . Th ,n n u e u n r e f t k s e ro . lfr a 9 S. 28 4 1 9 ) us o e of t pori ns of Cli E s ts y t r quie e s of Stikl nd, a t co t g a s he to am a if he e r m nt rc a nd he ur r nt rs e ponde ' m o i t dim isa t Cl m E. nts ton o s s s o ai I Cl m F,Te r c e t the wasde ed e f tve a ssa ebec us c n ai ry ontnds ha ni feci s it nc a e ouns lhad a e c lc ofi e e t I Se e be 201 wihouta notc t Te r c m s lm oved t w ihd a onf i t nt r s . n pt m r 2, t ny i e o r y, ot e o t rw fom r pr e i hi . J tprort t Se e r201 he rng on t m o i t wihdr w, r e es ntng m us i o he pt mbe 2 ai he ton o t a c ouns l i o m e Te r t t a c lc ha e se a t pu i defnde ' ofi e snc t e nf r d r y ha onfi t d xitd t he blc e rs fc i e he be nni of hi rpr s nt to Couns li it d t t he c d not ofe ad c t Te y or gi ng s e e e ai n. e nsse ha oul f r vie o n' elbor t o t c lc ,a t tt c twoul ha t a nta dif r nta t me Te r a a e n he onfit nd ha he our d ve o ppoi fe e tol y. r y c am st tasa r s to t s rsng wihd a la tmpt heha no tm et s k a c fom l i ha e ul f he up ii t r wa te , d i o ee dvi e ' r at r t c le nae ouns l Durng t hea i c e. i he rng, ouns lad itd t thi ofi e ha r pr e e Dwa e m te ha s fc d e es nt d yne 1 Sw her , once a oher s lwf s a c i i pr es ,t polc i dve tnty c e upon a pice of 7s e n t wie a ul e r h s n ogr s he ie na re l om e e ie c ,two l ofe b an e ls i o e inc , n smei sd ng rus. .orq ie( poie t i o e vd n e i ud tn e e des ncnv ne e a d o tme a eo . t e ur t l ) o r r he è i u it y haveo ai aw ar ntpa tc a l de crbi i. l a 467t ntl he bt ned ra riulry s i ng t' d. t ' 68. 20 Pr t, a m aera wines i Te s c e i a unr lt d but ong ng ma tr s nce 2010. uit t il t s n ny' as , n n e ae oi te i Couns ldi no dic rt co lc dmi dico r be a e ofa va i ton i t s li of e d t s ove he nfit ng s ve y c us rai n he pe lng ç gWayne. ll j ' , Te r a guest tco eldi no c k f potntalc lc sa / s ul ha r a ied ry z ha uns d t hec or e i ontit nd or ho d ve e lz t c lc upon r evi dic r me i ng Pr i' I c he onfit ec i ng s ove y ntoni u t. f ouns lha i or t e d nf med Te r o t ry f he co lc att tmeofds ovey ( nemont prort t Se e rhe ng) t n Ter c d nfit he i ic r ni hs i o he ptmbe mi , he ry oul ha a r nge ot rc ve r a d he ouns l r pr s nt d hi s l,o tke a pl Theti lc twase r m ey e , e e e e m ef r a n ea. ra our xte l r l t t t a nt ne c eucan o ppoi w ouns l i lt Se e r 201 whe t ti wa s t f ea l e n a e pt mbe 2 n he ral s e or ry Nove r Tery a s con e t tat mbe . r lo t nds ha lhough co elwihdr w t moton t wihdr w,c ms l uns t e he i o t a ot e ne re ane t Te r t f le e oft c lc . Te r s ult st bec us oft pro ve xpl i d o ry he ul xtnt he onfit r y pec a e hat a e he i r c lc ,c onfit ouns ldi notz al l a t k Pr t' cr di lt a til Howe r on ha a r vi w, e d e ousy tac uits e biiy t ra . ve , be s e e t Supr he eme Cour ofVigi af t r ni oundt t ha : Ther c d,i udi c e or ncl ng ouns lsm o i n t wihd a a t ta c i sof e ' to o t r w nd he r ns rpt t he rngsi whih t tilc tconsde e t m o i de o taest tt he a i n c he ra our i r d he ton, m nsr t ha he publc de e r s ofi e f r whih co elwo ke wa a nt d t r pr e t i f nde ' fc o c uns r d s ppoi e o e es n Pr ito amatrunr ltdt l r s c r sprort c e' a nt ntt ut n te eae o Tery'l hage i o ouns ls ppoi me o rp e e t g er j S o t beo e c u s lmo d j wih rw fo g er s e r s n ' ry . h rl fr o n e ve o td a rm ' ry'q r y F r pr s ntton,t publc de e rsofi e wasa n e t r pr s ntPr iton a e e e a i he i f nde ' fc ppoi t d o e e e ut s c nd matr u r ltd t ( ry'j c r e . Co n e dd n t lan o t e eo te n eae o Ter s hag s u sl i o er f h poe ta c n lc o itr s u tlheç l r o 2 2b c u e at o g ( ry tn il o fit f ne et ni t ç l ' f 01 e a s , l u h Ter ) s mme ' h had m e i d Pnlt i a sa e ntt Comm o a1h pr ded t co eli ntone it n t t me he nwe t ovi o uns n De mber 2011 a va iton i t s li of Pr t' name c us d t publc ce , ra i n he pelng uits a e he i def nde ' of e t mi st pr e dtrng isc lc sc k. Couns ldi not e rs ûc o s he oblp li t onfit hec e d brng t potnta c lc t t c lts a tn i n untl lt Se e r 201 i he e i l onti t o he otr' te to i ae pt mbe 2 bec us he was a s d t wat t i Pr itwa i f c s poe ed t t siy a e dvie o i mtl ut s n a t ub na o e tf a ans ( ry . Co n e i fr d t e til c u tt a h h d c n a td t g i t Ter q u s l n o me h ra o r h t e a o tce he Vigi a St t ba ,whi ha a s d c e t the c d contnue r pr e i r ni ae r ch d dvie ouns l ha oul i e es ntng g ry i t e p b i d fn e ' o fc wi r w fo f rh rrp e e tto o Te1 l f h u lc e e d rs fie t e r m u te e r sn ain f ' hd Pr t. Cot s l saed t t net rhe no t publc de e r s ofi r c ve uit m e tt ha ihe r he i f nde ' tce e ei d i omai fom Pr t t tmi ber lva tt l ry'j c s a ofe e t nfr ton r uit ha ght ee n o Ter s a e nd fr d o ' obt i a l a ve ' f om Pnlt . a n ç i r' r w it ' Ac od n l,l ry ha f ie t etbih t a c u s llb r du d ra c r i gy Te r l s ald o sa ls h t o n e a o e n e n a ta c n lc o itrs. Se M ik nsv.Ta lr 5 5 U..1 2 1 2 (0 2 . cu l o fit f n ee t e c e yo , 3 S 6 , 7 2 0 ) Co tay t g er s i sn ai n te p bl d fnd rs o t smutn o n rr o ' ry') n i u to , h u i ee e' f r c ke i la e us 21 ! rp e e tto o l ry a d P ito u leae c a g sp irt l ry'jtil e r s nain f Ter q n nz' n r ltd h r e ro o Ter s ra t r di no i r nty r ul i a a t lco lc ofit r t Se Cuyl rv.Suli n d t nhe e l es t n n c ua nfit n e es. e e lva 4 6 U. 3 5 3 7 4 ( 9 0 (ttn t a ç t e rp e e tto d e no 4 S. 3 , 4 - 9 1 8 ) saig h t t i e rs n ai n o s t mulpl vi ae t Si h Ame olt he xt ndme u e s i gi s ds t a c lc of i ees nt nls t ve e o onfit ntr f). g er qh sn td s rb d a y c n rt isa c i whih te p bl d fn e ' ' ry a o e cie n o ceç n tn e n c h u i ee d rs F c o ûc ' o iain t P itdv r e wi g-ry s itrss S e M o r v f es bl to s o nz ie g d t 'er 'q n ee t. e g t h l oe . Hik e 2 9Va 4 9 48 , 2 S. 2 41 , 2 ( 0 0 . n l, 5 . 7 , 7 5 7 E.d 9 4 3 2 0 ) M o e v r ato g g er js mmaiy s g e t c t e c ud h v mo e ro e , l u h ' ry n rl u g ss omsl o l a e r h T efe tve y c os - xa ne Pr t a til a t t Pr itwas ne s a iy bi s d f c i l r se mi d uit t ra nd ha ut ' ce s rl a e a ans ( ry ,g er )f ist s fiin l ea rt o t e e s mmay cams g i t Ter j ' ry al o u fce ty lbpae n h s u r li . F ( ry d e n ts g etwh ta dto lq eto i c u s lmih h v p ru d Ter q o s o u g s a d i na u sinng o n e g t a e u s e i nor doe he des rbe i wha wa Pr itwa s pe t of be ng c s ci n t y ut s us ced i onnece t td o S o s ml d r Lie s , g er q p o ie n s p r f r hi s mmay tke ' z e. k wie ' ry r vd s o u pp t o s u r r r alegai n t t c uns di notc l to ha o el d ompl t a a qua e co lc s c k orpr -ral ee n de t nfit hec e ti iv siain d e t te gu i d fnd rs ofc ' rp eetto o Pnlt n etg to u o h blc ee e' fies e rsnain f i t Ac o dn l ( ry h sfle t s w t ealg dc n lc h d a a v reefc c r i gy, Ter q a ald o ho h le e o fit a n d es fe t o c u s lspefr n e Se M ike s 5 5U. a 1 2.Th è fr ,( ry h s n o n e' ro ma c . e c n , 3 S. t 7 ee oe Terj a f ie t de al d o monsr t t tc ta e ha ouns lspe f e ' ronna e wa dek intort tt r i a nc s t e ha he e s r s bl pr ba lt t , but f c ea ona e o biiy hat or ouns ls aleg d e r s t r s t of t e ' l e ror , he e ul he pr e di woul ha be n dif r nt oc e ng d ve e fe e . Te y,No.1 n' 074591 t 7- ( No. 1 2) The cour a e ,a 8 ECF 0. . t greswih t Su e Cour of t he pr me t Vig ni sa l i t t at r i a' nayss ha , lhough a pot i c lc di e s,M i ke r quie a peii rt ental onfit d xit c ns e r s ttone o p o en to l t a G i lwy rwa s b e tt ac nfito itrsy b tas Sh tt c n lc r v o ny h t l s a e s u j c o o l f n eet' u lo s a he o fit h c ' t a r e y a f t c elspe f m a e. M i ke ,535 U. a 1 . dve s l feced ouns ' ror nc ' c ns ' S. t 71 Te r ha f ie t pr t e se e ofat u c l c o et publc de e r so f e ry s a ld o ove he xit nc r e ontit nc he i f nde ' fk wihdr w fom r pr e tng Pr it a Te y hasa s f ie t pr t ta pot i c lc t e r e es n i ut nd n' lo a ld o ove ha ny ental onfi t a rey afce c dve s l fe t d ouns lspe f ma e. Furhe ,be a e Pr t' c r s we e t ea ed a e ' ror nc t r c us uits ha ge r mr lt nd c ouns l ne r c i d a r l nt i o m ai n fom Pnlt r ga di Te Te r ha not e ver e e ve ny eeva nf r to r it e z ng ny, ry s de o tae t tc m nsr t d ha ouns la t d de inty: Ther f e,t sa çha asco tsfnd ngsa e not e c e sce l e or he tt be ur' i i r a unr s bl a i to off r ll no a e t y bas d on alunr as n ea ona e pplcai n ede a aw, r r he e t e onabl de em i ton e t r na i off c s a t. l apr ed lal de a t pori ofCl m F,Te r c t ndst tt ti lco lte r d by n oc tr ly f uled ton ai r y on e ha he ra tr re n ta poni Ter a dfee t atr y be a e o a c n lc o itr s. çlti n t te o p itng ry ifrn tone c us f o fit f n ee t c l s o h g 22 pr nc of a f de a ha s co t t r xa i sa e c t de e mi tons on sae-a ovi e e r l bea ur o ee m ne t t - our t r nai tt l w quesi . l co uci ha s r vi w, a f r l c t i lmie t de di whe he a tons n nd tng bea e e ede a our s i t d o ci ng t r c ci vi a e t Co tt i l ws orte tesoft Unied Stt .' M c r ,50 U . onvi ton olt d he nsiuton, a , r a i he t a es' Guie 2 S. a 68. He e t Cic tCo toft Ciy ofD a le f l d Vigi a 1w a t Vigi a t r , he r ui ur he t nvil olowe r ni a nd he r ni St e Ba ' a cet c at rs dvi o ouns li dee m i ng t ts tt t c e n tr ni ha ubsiu e ouns lwa unne es a y. The e o e e s c sr r fr , f r lha asr le i i ede a be e if s nappr ra e a f de alc l tr lr vi w doe note s f prs r t op it , s e r olae a e e s xit or ione s o r l iae sae 1w d tr n to s Brc tv.Ab a n o 5 7 U. 61 ,6 3 ( 9 3 (iig ei g t tt a eemiain . e h t rh ms n, 0 S. 9 3 1 9 ) ctn Ba eo t Esel, 6 U. 8 0 8 7( 98 ). r f o v. tle 4 3 S. 8 , 8 1 3 ) Howe r f de a ha sr le i a ia e i t ti e r rvi a e f nda e a f ines ve , e r l bea e if s val bl f he ral ro olt d u m nt l ar s unde t DuePr es Clus oft Foure nt Ame nt Se jaa 633;M c r,5 U. r he oc s a e he te h ndme . e . t l Guie 02 S. a 7 . Un e te Ko ta o sa d r ,t e tiler rmu th v h d S u sa ta a d ij ro t2 d r h te k s tn ad h ra ro s a e a % b tn il n nu ius s efc o i fu n ei d tr nig tej r sv r it' Br c t 5 7 U..a 6 7. Te ha n t fe t r nl e c n eemi n h u y' e dc. e h , 0 S t 3 ' ny s o ofe e a f c ua s f r d ny a t l uppo tf hi alegai nst tt tilc ts r f a t a nts tt e r or s l to ha he ra our' e us l o ppoi ubsiut c ouns la f c e t out ome oft ti .Thedema ng Kote koss a r r r sm o e t n e fe t d he c he ral ndi ta t nda d equie r ha ba e l l as e tons a Tery has f ie t s w t t t ti c ts e r r ule i a r ega s ri , nd r a ld o ho ha he ral our' ror es t d n f ndnme al unf i ve dit The ef r ,t c tgr nt t moton t dim isast Cli F. u nt ly ar r c . r o e he our a s he i o s s o am I Cl i G ,Te r a g t tco e w as i f e tve f s m ula ous y r pr s ntng a n am r y r ues ha uns l ne f c i or i t ne l e e e i vi ntwih a c lc i i e e tt Te r I hi sa eha a pr e ng,t Supr m e Co to le t onfitng ntr s o ry. n s t t be s pc edi he e ur f Vig ni f und t tCli G di nots ts yt t pr t ti Stiklnd: ri a o ha am d a if he wo ong es n rc a The r c d,i l ng ( ry'j ti rco d,de nsrt t tt moton t e or ncudi Ter s ral e r mo taes ha he i o wihdrw pr vi d t t sCour by r ry wasnotfldwih orr s ve byt t a o de o hi t ' r! Fe ie t eol d he tilc m' M o e v r ( ry h sn tie tûe teohe cin wh ce tdt ra o t ro e , Ter l a o d n i d h t r le t o r ae he . pur td co lc ort naur ofa s h c lc ,a ha noti ntse ho pore nfit he t e ny uc onti t nd s de i d w t a lge c lc adve s l a f td co e ' pe f ma e. Se M ike ,535 hç le d onfit r ey fece uns ls ror nc e c ns U. a 1 S. t 72. Theefr ( ryq ha fie t de nsrt t c ms ls r oe, Ter s ald o mo tae hat ot e' pe f r onna e w as de i i t o t t t r i a r a ona e pr ba lt t t but f nc f c en r ha he e s e s bl o biiy ha , or co ms ' al ge e r s t r ul oft pr e ngwoul ha be n dif r nt t els le d r or , he es t he oce di d ve e fe e . 23 ' ( ( , , Ter v.Flmi No.1 ry e ng, 074591 a 8- ( .J n.6,201 ( No.1 2) Theco tagee wih , t 9 Va a 6) ECF 0. . ur r s t t sae ha a anayss Te r ha nots tsi d hi bur n t r Stikl nd a M ike t he t t be s l i. r y s a ife s de mde rc a nd c ns o pr vet ta acualco lc ad r ey afe t d c o ha n t nfit ve s l f c e ouns lspe f manc Te r ofe sno evi nce e ' ror e. r y f r de ofdei i ntpe f ma e, f c ua s tc e ror nc no a t l uppor besde t ba eas e ton t tac lc e sed,a t i s he r s ri ha onfi t xit nd no c r t de o ta in of t pur re c lc a f c i c onc e e m nsr to he po td onfit fe tng ouns ls r pr s nt ton. e ' e e e ai The e or t cour gr nt t r ponde ' m o i t dim isa t Cl m G. r f e, he t a s he es nts ton o s s s o ai l t srtpori ofCl i H,Te r con e t tc ms lwa i fe tvef f ii t n he s ton am ry t nds ha ot e s ne f c i or alng o srket e ieve r o move f ram itilwhe t ve r s i t tt y woul no fnd Tet ti he ntr nie r o sra n he nie ad ha he d ti r' y ç tguit 'i t Comm o a1h f ie t mee isbur n. I a e sng Te r s sae ha as s no ly' f he nwe t a ld o tt de n ddr s i ry' t t be pe ii t Supr me Co tofVigi asaed: tton, he e ur r ni t t The r c d, i l ng t ti ta c i , de e or nc udi he ral r ns rpt monsr e t t i i ta l tats ha , n niily q si ng t ve r m e r ,t tilc tconfr ue toni he nie mbe s he ra our med t tno oft m ha ha ne he d fr' d a y o i o a t l ry'j g ito h d a y ba o p eu ie a ans om e n pnin s o Ter s ul r a n is r rj dc g i t g-ry . v nr me esas a s rd t c u t h y u d rto t a gary 'er j The e ie mb r lo su e he o r t e n e so d h t 'er ) l l wa pr s e i e a t t t Co monwe t wa r uie t pr s e um d nnoc nt nd ha he m qlh s eq r d o ove gl ry'qguitbe 'er s l yond a ras bl doubt Theve r me r alo c ime e ona e . nie mbe s s onfr d t tt y wo d f l t l w a i t c e by t c t lm i t i c i r to ha he ul olow he a s nsnzt d he our, i t her onsde ai n t t e de pr s nt d a ti l a t tt r wa no r as t y coul nptgi o he vi nce e e e t ra, nd ha he e s e on he d ve t pa tesaf i a i ri lti l he ii ar nd mpa ta ra . Dtrng is quesi ng of t ve r t Co onwe lh as d i t li t toqi he nie, he mm at ke f he p tn il t o sc u d a r et ;n g er qg it i te Co n at p o e oe ta jl r o l g e o d ' ry u l f h mmo we lh r v d r F y b y n ar a o be do b t a g er )mu d r d S o s Th ve ie me e s e o d e s na l u t h t r ry r ee tke . e nr mb r f r s nde t y c d. e po d he oul Cot e t a ke t ve r Gft Comm o a1h a trpr s n i a1 ms l hen s d he nie ç he i nwe t fe e e tng l o t ee d n ei h sfigd t s o bç o d ara o a ed u tt tM r Te y f h vie c t a ale ) o h w y n e s n bl o b ha . n' c omm it d t smur r wilyo fnd M r Te r notg ly?' Ea h ve r m e r te hi de , l u i . ry uit ' c nie mbe rs e ponde i t ne tve. Ho ve , t ve r m e r t n i e / ey d n he ga i we r he nie mbe s he mm dit l c l d t tt y woul a y t 1 asi tuc e t t e de e t y he r onfnue ha he d ppl he aw nsr t d o he vi nc he a d a ti . Couns t n pr e d t quesi t ve r o ot rma tr r ga di t ral el he oce de o ton he nie n he te s e r ng t erpoe ta ba e o p eu ie . h i tn il is s r rj dc s Gi n t c e of t e ie voi die,c ve he ont xt he ntr r r ouns l co d have r a ona y e ul e s bl d tr n d t a mo i t srke alte p tn ilj r r b s d o t i o e eemie h t vng o ti l h oe ta u o s a e n her n , s mi y confzed a we t c ee ngl is ns r o ouns lsquesi r r ng t Comm o e' ton ega di he nweat s lh' bl de o pr w oul ha be n uns c s ul Durng o he po tons o t voi z n f oof r d ve e uc es f . i t r ri f he r dr ,hep tn il l o ssae t a t e t eso d t c mmo we l sbld n ie t oe ta jz r ttd h t h y md rto he o n at t e r h' r 24 t pr ( ryl g ly be o ove Ter uit yond a ras na e doubt woul f l t co ts e o bl , d olow he ur' isnzto rg r i g t e lw,a d wo d oh r s i ril d cd l ly s n t cin e ad n h a n ul t e wie mpa t l e ie Te' 'l ay r c e ba ed on t e de e. Se Cal as s he vi nc e houn v.Comm onweat 226 Va.256,259, lh, 3 7S. 2 8 6 8 8( 98 )(x lii t a q lfc to o j r rd e no tu o 0 E.d 9 , 9 1 3 e p anng h t uai ain f u o o s t t' n n sngl a we t avo rdie q si butmus be c nsde e i c e oft voi i e ns r o i r ue ton, t o i r d n ont xt he r die a awhol) Th ,c ms lc d ha c l d t r wa no r s na e r s e . us ot e oul ve oncude hee s ea o bl d u trg r ig tep o pe tv j r r'a it t ltn i ifrn i t ec u e' o b e a dn h r s cie u o s bl y o ç a d ndfee t n h a s . i s ' Va Co e j 8013 8 Fo te sme r a o ,( ry h s fie t e tbih a . d . - 5 . r h n e s ns Ter j a ald o sa ls r as bl pr biiy t ta moto t srke t ve r woul ha be n g a ed e ona e oba lt ha i n o ti he nie d ve e r nt o t a E er lwa d ne a i a t lj r . Theeo e g-ry h s fie t r h t ' ry . e id n mp ri u y r a rf r , 'er q a ald o l de onsr t t tco e ' pe f m ta e ha uns ls ronua e wasde e ort tt r i ar a ona e nc ûcint ha he e s e s bl pr obabiiy t t but f r c lt ha , o ouns ' aleg e r r , t r ul of t pr e ng els l ed r o s he es t he oc edi woul ha be n dif r nt d ve e fe e . Ter ,No.1 7 5 ,a 9 1 ( No.1 .) Th c u ta re wi t sae h b a c u ts ry 0 4 91 t - 0 ECF 02 . e o r g e s t he tt a e s o r' h a yss I Ca houn,t ve r m e had r a ne a tcesr r ng t def nt and t i nal i. n l wo nie n e d ws ril ega di he enda , her t i dr r s nss id c te )p e o ev d o i in o gh d fn a ts g i . 2 6 Va a s r ie epo e n iagd rc nc i e p no s f t e ee d n ') ul ' 2 . t vo t' 25 307 S. 2d a 898. Howe r t c tr f ed t d s iy t m be a e t i c 9, E. t ve , he our eus o iqualf he c us her omm e s nt ç us be r a i c e wih t e ie ta c i oft voi die. Cal un,226 Va.a 259, s t m e d n ont xt t he ntr r ns rpt he r r ' ' ho t 3 7 S. 2 a 8 8 ( u t Brly v.Co n at ,2 2 Va 1 0,1 2,2 9 S. 2 1 ,1 2 0 E.d t 9 q oi ng i e mmo we 1h 2 . 8 8 7 E.d 51 5 (98 ). Th j r r ttd t a t e h d no f r d a fn l o n o a S n e so d t e 1 1) e u o ssae h t h y a t o me ia piin, nd t d rt o h u pr um pto of i es in nnoce , t t t de e nt bo e no e de ir bur n, a t t t nce ha he f nda r vi nta y de nd ha he Co mmonwe 1h was r rd t pr g l be at equie o ove uit yond a ra ona e doubt' L- Fo Ter e s bl . da r ry, ' m e r of t velr de mbe s he lie monsr t d on muli e oc sons t t t y unde sood t ta e tpl ca i ha he rt he Co o a t s bur n. Gr nt d,t ve r a a s t ha miunde sood one pa tc a l mm nwe lh' de a e he nie ppe r o ve s r t ri ulry c n u igq e to ' o v r t ejlo sddno s w biso p eu iea an t nyo rve la o f sn u si n h we e ,h t r i t ho a r rj dc g is Te . r e a n , r i a ii t f lo c u tn tu to sa dp o e j r p o e u e . n b ly o olw o r isr cin n r p r u y r c d rs t l a herpori ofCl m H,Tery a g t t c n not ton ai r r ues ha ouns lwas i f tve f r f ii t e nefeci o a lng o cam o a p a ta t ej r r ds lye i e misbep rilt wh nte e c id c tdter li n p e l h t h u o s ipa d mp r si l a t i e h y a h n iae h i ay 25 ! f 1 i e tt c c Te r wihouthe rng a evi nc . On ha sr viw,t Supr me Cour of nt n o onvi t r y t a i ny de e bea e e he e t V igi a f und: r ni o Ge r ly,t s e ton o i s s t a e son a ne a l he elc i f s ue o ddr s ppea i l f t t dic ei n of l s e t o he s r to a la e c ns l a couns lnee no add e se r pos i e is on a ppe lt ou e, nd e d t r s ve y sbl s ue ppea . l J n sv Ban s 46 U. 7 5 7 -2 ( 9 3 .Mo e ve, se pli da ve te o e . r e , 3 S. 4 , 515 1 8 ) r o r a x ane bo ,h r c d,i l ng t ta crptoft voi die oft ve r ,de e or nc udi he r ns i he r r he nie monsr t s t t ta e ha t çewa l ted u ta t t eq aiiain o tep tnil l o s Ac o dn l h r s i l o b s o h u lfc to f h o e ta jz r. c r igy, t r c ouns lc d ha r a o bl be ive r ii t is on a a wo d ha e oul ve e s na y le d a sng he s ue ppe l ul ve b e t u c sf l Th r fr ,l ny h sfie t de n tae ta c t e ' e n ms c e su. ee oe Te -l a ald o mo srt h t omsls pe f ma e wa desc e t ort t t r i a r as bl pr biiy t t butf ror nc s in ha he e s e ona e oba lt ha , or c ouns lsa l ed e s t r s toft pr e di woul ha bee dif r nt e ' leg nor , he e ul he oc e ng d ve n fe e . Te r N o. 1 r y, 074591 a 1 - 1( , t 0 1 ECF No.1 2 . Thec u ta r e wih t e sae h b a c u t 0.) o r g e s t h tt a e s o r' s a l i . Te y ha f ie t me thi bur nst de Stikl nd t s na yss n' s al d o e s de m r rc a o how how t ve r wasunt he nie k o a yba i frc u s lt atmp t ds u lf t poe ta j r r.Thesaec u tssn i s r n ss o o n e o te t o iq aiy he tn il u o s tt o r' dng a e no co r r t ora urr as bl a i to off de al1 w orba e o a un e o bl r t nta y o, n le ona e pplcai n e r a s d n n z as na e de e m i t o off c s t r na i n a t. l a pr dur ly de a td pori ofCli H,Te r c e t tt tilco te r d n oce a l f ule ton am ry ont nds ha he ra ur re b pemitn d mo srby ba e jlos t he rhi c s . I c nd tng h b a rv e a y r ti g e n ta l is d t r o a s a e n o uci a e s e iw, r f de a c tdoe notr - xa i sat cour de e mi tons o sa e l q si ns M cGuie, e r l our s e e m ne t e- t t r na i n tt -aw ue to , z 5 2 U..a 6 . Thecr utc u tsd tr n to t a t ej r r ween tb a e i asaec u t 0 S t8 ic i o r' eemiain h t h u o s r o is d s tt-o r d tr nain o asae lw q sin.Va Co ej8013 8( 1 ) s eas Cah t 2 6Va a eemi to f tt -a ue i o . d . - 5 20 6 ; e lo l om, 2 . t 259,307 S. 2d a 898. The e or ,gr tng f de alha a r le i i ppr pra eunl s t ti E. t r f e an i e r be s e if s na o i t e s he ral e r vi a e f nda e a f ines unde t Due Pr s Clus oft Fouree h Am e ror olt d u m nt l ar s r he oce s a e he t nt ndme . nt Brc ,5 U. a 633 ( tng Bae oo,463U. a 88 . Te r scli fist rt src e ht 07 S. t cii rf t S. t 7) ry' am al mde he tit Ko t kos sa r be us Te r hasnotofe e a f c ua s tea t nda d ca e r y f r d ny a t l uppor f hi alegai t tt t or s l ton ha he j z r we eba e Th tilc u ta ay e t vordr a d f u dt ejlo sc mp tn t e u o s r isd. e ra o r n l z d he i ie n o n h t r o ee t md r r V igi a 1 w a Ca ho r ni a nd l un; Te r has not of e ed a e de ry fr ny vi nce t r bu t s a e c r ' o e t he t t ou ts 26 d tr n to 2 U. C.j 2 5 ()1 (-h a pia ts alha et eb r e o rb tig t e eemiain. 8 S. 2 4 e () çl e p lc n h l v h u d n f e u t h d' n p eumpi n o c re t s ( f a sae c u tfcua d tnnnain)b ce r a d c n i cn r s to f or cne s o tt o r a t l ee i to y la n o v n ig e de e. Theefr ,t c t a st moi t dimisa t Cl m H. vi nc ' ). r o e he our grnt he ton o s s s o ai Alhough Cl i 1i pr dmuly de a t d,t co twila es t me isoft c am . t am s oce l f ule he ur l ddr s he rt he l i Te r c t ndst thi Fo te h Am e e rg swe evi a e whe t tilc tf ie t ry on e ha s ure nt ndm nt i ht r olt d n he ra our al d o a nts tt e c ppoi ubsiut ouns lt a s Te r r ng awai rofa c lc ofi e es. Howe r e o dvie ny ega di ve onfi t nt r t ve , whehe s tt e cot e ora wai r i r quie f a pot nta c lc ofi e e ti a sa e t r ubsiut ms l ve s e r d or e i l onti t ntr s n tt c u t r c e ig i Vign ai ama tro saelw. Se Va S p Ct R.17 ( ie ne e s r o r p o e dn n r ii s te f tt a e . u . . . wav r c say frc uren c lc ofi eet;Va.Sup.Ct R.1. ( i rrquie f rpr enai ofa o onc r t onfit ntrsl . 9 wave e rd or e es tton c int t t has i e e t matral a r e t a f le ha ntr ss e i ly dve s o onne cle ' i e e t i t s me or a r ints nt r s s n he n s tntal rlt matr.Fe r lhabe coursf uson fdealis s a ge r ly donot ubsa ily eaed te) de a as t oc e r sue , nd ne al t e xa i s a e- our de e m i t o on sa e l w que tons' M cGui e 502 U . a 68. H e e, s e m ne t t c t t r na i ns r tt -a si . ' r, S. t r t Cic t Co ' of t Ciy of Dawil f l wi Vigi a lw,de e mi d t t s tt e he r ui ul t he t l les olo ng r ni a t r ne ha ubsiut c ms lwa u c s r The ca m t r f ef isbec us ha asc t dono a l prs r ot e s nne es a y. li he e or al a e be ours t low ione s t rl i aesaeis so c lae a r ve Br c t 5 7U. a 6 3 (iigBaeo t 4 3U. o ei g t tt sue n oltr l e iw, e h , 0 S. t 3 ctn rf o , 6 S. t a 8 7. t 8) Fe r ha sr le i a ia e i t ti le r rvi a e f de al bea ei f s val bl f he ra r o olt d undn nt lf r s Seei me a aines . d. a 633;M c uie,502 U . a 72. Te'y ha not of e e a f c ua s t G r S. t l r s f r d ny a t l uppor f r hi a l ga i t o s le tons t t ti co ts r f al t a nt Te r s tmt c ms l r ga di t wa ve is hat he ral ur' e us o ppoi ry ubsi e ot e e r ng he i r s ue a f t t out ome oft til t r f e,hi cli f is t rt Kote feced he c he ra ; he e or s am a l mde he takos sa r The t nda d. alg dtiler rddn th veat u sa ta a d ijzi u efc o ifue c i d tr nigt le e ra ro i o a t b tn il n nl o s fe t r n l n e n eemi n he s r 27 j r s v r it' Brc t 5 7 U. a 6 7. Th s t c u tg a t te moin t d s s a t u y' ed c. e h , 0 S. t 3 ' u , he o r rn s h to o imis s o Cl i 1 1 am . 8 l Cli J Ter a g e t t ( )c u s lwa d fcie f r f i n t o j c t te n am , ry r u s ha 1 o n e s ee tv o al g o be t o h i c mpee y o Ch it p e Ha s a d ()Ter s d e p o e s rg t wee vo ae wh n o tnc f rso h r ye , n 2 ry' u r c s ih s r iltd e c u s lf ie t o j c t t c mp tn y o a win s f rte Co n at I t sae o n e ald o be t o he o ee c f t e s o h mmo we 1h. n he tt ha as pr e i t Supr m e Cour of Vigi a f und t t Cl i J s tsi d net r t be oc ed ng, he e t r ni o ha am a ife ihe he l e f r nc 'no t eG rj d c 'p o go Src lnd t ro ma e' r h t eu ie' r n f tika : p p Ther co d, ncudi t ti ta c i ,de o taest t on diec e m i ton, e r i l ng he ral r ns rpt m nsr t ha, r t xn na i g itphejHa t tfe ceal a t q voc l t sndi atxtme sge chrso r yes esiid l ry nd me ui aly o e ng e sa t E er lo tenih o S o s d ah iq iigwh t e g-ry mih s l hm o ' ry n h g t f tke ' e t n urn eh r 'er q g t el i T l s me maiu n . Ha e as u wa ei l d s rb d hi ohe a tvte t a o' r a a j y s lo n v rngy e cie s t r ciiis h t e ni whe ehewa ,a whohewa wih. ve ng, r s nd s t On c os - xnmi i c ms lque to d Ha sr ga di hi po e i ly r se naton, ot e si ne ye e r ng s t ntal i c n itn sae n st poie rg r i g hi fmiirt wi g er l Ha e n o sse t ttme t o l e ad n s n l iy t ' ry . y s c a h F a tm pt d t e an b a gui t s m a i of wha i m e ns t t te e o xpl i y r ng he e ntcs t t a o t know' ' s omeo . ' he co r e wih hi wrte sa e ntt polc ,Ha a u l ne W n nfontd t s itn t t me o i e yes br pty cli e he c d not ç ompr nd' due t t ho t tr memor 'is s a am d oul ' ç ehe ' o ' r em s y' s ue nd CAD H D . A lhoug Haye a s s a e t t he c ul not r ad,he none he e s S ' ' t h s l o t t d ha o d e t ls be n r adi a pori o hi sa e e tt polc Aoud a t n r ad t whol ga e ng ton f s t t m n o i e l nd he e he e sae e t hi el. Bas d on Ha 'de o taed a lt t a we que to t tm nt o ms f e yes m nsr t biiy o ns r si ns on die t e mi to a t obf ca e onl whe c r e wih hi r c xa nai n nd o us t y n onfont d t s i onsse sa e nt ,co el c d ha r as bl dee ne s eki t nc itnt t t me s uns oul ve e ona y tnni d e ng o e l H a s t tm ony i ise ie y w oul ha be n f tl , xc ude ye ' çsi n t ntr t d ve e ' ie u Th rf r,g er jh sf ie t d mo tae t tc u s lspef nna c ee o e ' ry a ald o e nsr t ha o n e' ro n e F was de i t or t t t r i a r a o bl pr biiy t t but f c m s ls ûcen ha he e s e s na e oba lt ha , or ot e ' al ge e r r , t r s to t pr ee ng woul ha be n dif r ùt1 le d r o s he e ul f he oc di d ve e fe e .9 1 Te y as cli t t t c te r by notf l ng Rul 44 of t Fe r Ruls of Crmi 8 n' lo ams ha he our red olowi e he de al e i nal Pr e e whih saest tc e mus dicli potntalc lcst t cle and t cle mus be gi t oc dur , c tt ha ouns l t s am e i onfit o he int he int t ven he oppo h iy t e e sviwson t ma tra ahe rng. Howeve,t Fe r lRulsofCrmi lPr d edonot r m t o xpr s e he te t a i r he de a e i na oce ur a l t Vigni saeci n lras Fe . Crm. 1a.Re ade s ()tea vsr noe frRue4 etbl h ppy o r i a tt rmia til. d R. i P. () g r ls, 1 h d ioy ts o l 4 sa i s ta a h ai o a poeta c nfiti rq ie frj i rprsntto c s s ( ) c u sl wi d e 9o h t erng n tnil o l s e urd o ont e ee ain ae , 2 o n e t rw m c h rp ee tn P ut b fr a a ta c n l to c re ,()Ter smu d rtilwa n tte smeo sbsa tal e rsnig r it eoe n cu l o fi c u rd 3 ry' r e ra s o h a r u tnil c y r ltd t P ut' c ag s ( )a d c u e ddno rc iec n e ta if r to fo Pr it e adn Ter ' eae o r i s h r e, 4 n o nsl i t e ev o fd niln omain rm ut r g rig rys t ca e.Fe R.Crm.P.44 a s ycommite' not t 1 a ndme . s d. i dvior te s e o 979 me nt 1 Ter ctscr sv. co 9 ry ie os mmo at,1 Va 6 , 7S. 2 4 7(95 ) a cs lw sp ri hscam nwe l 95 . 2 7 E.d 4 1 3, s aea u pot i li h ng t tHa wasa i mpeentwine .Howeve , os dicus e c l e sc ha yes n nco t t ss r Cr s s s s hidr n' ompee y a wineses tnc s t s : The e i no s cii age atwhih a chid mus ha a rved a i or rt be co t nta a r s pe fc c l t ve r i t n de o mpe e s wines . A c l i c t s hid s ompeen t tsiy i i posesest ca ciy t obs r e t ,t r olec t t o e tf f t s s he pa t o e ve ven s o ec l t and c ommuni t t cae hem, a has t abiiy t u rtnd quesi a t ga a ma nd he lt o ndesa tons nd o me nd ke i elge a we s wih ac ci nes oft dut t s a t tut ntli nt ns r , t ons ous s he y o pe k he r h. 28 Ter ,No.1 7 91 a 1 - 2 ( No.1 .) Th c u ta r e wi t e saeh b a c u t rv 0 45 , t 1 1 ECF 02 . e o r ge s t h tt a e s o r' h s a l i t tTe r hasf ie t s tsy et rt s unde Sti l nd. The etndi a enet ra na yss ha ry al d o a if ihe e t r rcda s i ngs r ihe n unr a ona e a ia i off r l1w no a unr as bl de e mi to off c s Ther f e, e s bl pplc ton ede a a r n e ona e t r nai n a t. e or t co tgr nt t r ponde ' m o i n t dimisa t c am J. he ur a s he es nts to o s s s o l i l t trtpori ofCli K,Te y c e t tc uns wasi f e tve f f lng t n he is ton am n' ontnds ha o el ne f c i or aii o o j c t te s fce c o t e c an o c so y t Co n at e tb ih d f rt c l be t o h ufiin y f h h i f u t d he mmo we l sa ls e o he el h phone s i d fom Te r Te r cli t tt de ec i t c n d c t y wa e de fom eze r ry. ry a ms ha he f t n he hai f us od s vi nt r a i ons s e y i D e ec i W hil y' t tm o w ho t tfe a Te r s m tr r ti lt the n nc it nc n t tve t e s es i ny, es ii d t r y' lde r a ha r co r d Te r spho on Aprl8 2011 butl trt si d i Te r ss pa ae ti on r lt d e ve e ry' ne i , , ae e tfe n ry' e r t ral e ae c r s t t he ha s i d t phone on Aprl 9,2011 l t sae ha as pr e ng,t ha ge ha d eze he i . n he t t be oc edi he Su e eCour ofVigi ahel pr m t r ni d: The r c d,i udi t ti ta c i ,de o taes t tt Comm onwe 1h e or ncl ng he ral r ns rpt m nsr t ha he at s fiin l etb ihe ac an o c t d f rE-ry s c l p ne S eElitv. u fce ty sa ls d h i f uso y o 'er ') el ho . e lo l W a de o t Sus e I Stt Prs 274 Va.5 , 611,652 S. 2d 465,479 r n f he sx a e ion, 98 E. (0 7 . Liue n S. Ea e tsi d ta h s w Dee tv Gon , wh 20) e tna t A. n s e tfe h t e a tcie is o i tr iwe r-ry o Ap i 8 2 1 b ig g-ry s c l p ne ço t ci ne ve d 'er j n rl , 01 , rn 'er 'j el ho ç he rme l l t s ene' whe e he ga i t Ofi r Doyl, who C c c ,' r ve t o fce e i kage a ma ke i. pa d nd r d t' ' Dee tv W hte n ve tsi d a l ry'ltilt s ii ( ry s p o e tcie ily e r e t se t Ter s ra o ezng Ter ') h n . Theeor g ryj ha f ie t demonsrtd t tcomsls pe fr nce was rf e, ' r s ald o re tae ha t e ' roma dei i nto t tt r i a r a ona e pr babiiy t t butf co e ' al d tc e r ha he e s e s bl o lt ha , or uns ls lege e r r ,t r s toft pr e ngwoul ha be dif r nt r o s he e ul he oce di d ve en fe e . Ter , 1 7 5 ,a 1 1 ( No.1 2 .Th c u ta re wih te saec u tsa lss ry No. 0 4 91 t 2- 3 ECF 0.) e o r g e s t h tt o r' nay i. Te r s cai i m e il s a f is t s tsy t t pr ry' l m s rtes , nd a l o aif he wo- ong t s t r Sti klnd. The e e t mde rc a s indi a e nota unr as bl a ia i off de allw oran um e s bl dee m i ton of ngs r n e ona e pplc ton e r a a ona e tr na i f s. act 1 Va.at64,77 S. 2d at449. Ha s ma havebe n a obsi t wine s buthe wasco t tt tsiy. I 95 E. ye y e n tnae t s , mpeen o e tf f a yhig H e 'o fsain wh n fc d wi ic n itn sae ns1d t j r t mii z te v leo hs n t n , y s bu c t s e a e t n o sse t ttme t e he uy o nmie h au f i o h t tm o a i tTe r esi ny gans ry. 29 I t s c pori n ofCli K,Te r a g t tc n he e ond to am r y r ues ha ouns lwa i fe tve f f lng t e s ne f c i or aii o i ac De e tveW hily' i onsse t tmony r r ng who s i d Te r sce l nea mpe h t c i te s nc itnt esi ega di eze r y' l pho nd whe t s i e oc ured. Te y cai t tDee tve W hily t tfed i onsse l ast t n he ezur c r n' l ms ha t c i te esii nc it nty o he s z e ofTe r s c lphone,butDeeci W hily ne rt tfe a t t s zze o t c l eiur ry' el t tve te ve esiid s o he eilr f he el phone Te r a s c endst ta ti lta c i fom Pityl ni Count de . ry lo ont ha ra r ns rpt r ts va a y monsr t st tt ta e ha he p nes iu et o p a eo adfee td yt a Dee tv W hte sae , e utn i ap ru e ho ez r o k lc n ifrn a h n tcie ily ttd rs lig n ej rd saeme . On habe r viw,t Supr m eCour ofVigi ahe d: t t nt as e e he e t r ni l The r co d,i udi t tilta c i ,de onsr t st tDe e tve W hily di e r ncl ng he ra r ns rpt m ta e ha t c i te d n ttsiy a g-ry s tilt pes n l s iig l ry s c l p neo Aprl8 o e tf t 'er 'l ra o ro al ezn Ter 'q el ho n i . l y M o e ve,i a h n Dee'v W htl giqo te cru tn e s romdn r o r mpe c i g tcie iey sc n h ic msa c s u r t ig t t e s iu e o ( ry')c l p ne wo d n th v s itd t e sr n t o te h ez r f Ter s el ho ul o a e h fe h te gh f h e i e c a is r er j Theeo e ( ry h s fie t d mo srt t a v d n e gan t ' ry . F rf r, Te rj a ald o e n tae h t c ouns lspe f e ' ronna e wa de i into t tt r i ar a ona epr biiy t t nc s fce r ha he e s e s bl oba lt ha , butf c uns ' a lge e r r ,t r ul of t pr e di wo d ha be n or o els le d ro s he es t he oc e ng ul ve e dif r nt fe e . JJ a 1 The cou tagreswih t Suprme Cour ofVigni sa l i t tTe r scai .. t 3. IS r e t he e t r i a' nayss ha ry' l m f isunde Stil nd. The e tndi a eno a unr s na e a i ton off de al1w ora al r rcda s i ngs r t n ea o bl pplca i e r a n unr as bl de e m i ton of f t . The ef e,t c tgr nt t moton t dim is a t e ona e t r na i acs r or he our a s he i o s s so Cl i K . am 30 V. Fo t r as sa e t c ur GRANTS t m oto t dim is ai A,Cl i 1 a r he e ons tt d, he o t he i n o s s .Cl m am , nd pori of Cli F a H a e pr dur ly ba r d, a a1 cai a e wihout me i. An tons a ms nd r oce a l r e nd l l ms r t rt a o i t or rwile e t sda ppr prae de l nt r hi y. The Clr i die t d t s nd c pis of t s m e a um opi on a a co pa ng ek s rce o e o e hi mor nd ni nd c m nyi or rt Te r a t c de o r y nd o ouns lofr or f Re ponde .Furhe ,fndi t tpeii rha f ie e ec d or s nt t r i ng ha ttone s a ld t ma a s t tals wi oft de alofac tt i lrghtasr uie by 28 U. C.j o ke ubsani ho ng he ni onsiutona i eq rd S. 2 3 c () ac riiaeo a p aa l yi DENI 25 ( )1 , e t c t f p e lbit s f i ED. ENTER: i A L dyo Jn ay 2 7 Ths a f a u r, 01 . / / ,imr /.ï #* * ' J #. r ' . U nie St t sD i t i t d a e sr c 31 dge

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