Cooper v. Lundy et al, No. 7:2015cv00572 - Document 40 (W.D. Va. 2016)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 12/6/2016. (kab)
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' è -ùt ) ' 1k 2 ( ' i , t . r pnx' oFFl ; : cE . ' ; u: na u jk' , ix ùt n A RF?osy T o lo ,A l t Ak K ; L e t , - I J w c. uu B: Y Dep Pli if antf, v. W ARDEN B. W RI A. GHT, AL. ET , Dee n t) fnda ts. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) , ( . . !t j D E 25 2 jè E gs. I THE I M TED STATES DI N J STRI COURT CT FO R TH E W E STER N D I STRI T O F V I G I I C R N A R O A N O K E D I SI N VI O I M EL M Y COOPER, S ! i . cuufx q ) ' cu sak CAS NO. :5CV0 5 2 E 71 07 ' : . M EM OM NDUM OPI ON NI : l f;( l l1 , k: t! . ;i i , ,tj 1 .t ' : .: ! . . By:GlntdCo rsDit itJudge n ChifUnie St ed src e e E. ata j . ) .!; ' f J ! i ?t Thi cvi rght a ton fld ptrua t 42 U. C.j 1 c sbeor t c ton a . s i l i s ci e ls nt o S. 983 ome f e he our .I . . . ' ' : . moi n f r s mmay j g n b t d fnd n p io o scas s p re b a fd vt. to o u r ud me t y he ee a t rs n f il, u po td y fi a is ); - -. y( . Pl antf Ir lRa Coo r a Vigila i ae pr e di pr K ,has r po d,mn ng t i if sae y pe , r ri nm t oc e ng o es nde ki he ; l ' . .:j ! 1 , . m atrrpe f diposto .1 Afe r viw oft pa tes s te i or s ii n tr e e he ri N ubmi so ,t c r co l s i ns he ou t ncudest t ha . !' ! II , , ; . . maeilfc lds u e p e l d sz r j dg n o Co pe ' cam t à t o fc r usd tra a ma ip ts rcu e l mmay u me t n o rs li h t wo fie s e l , .:- l : I I j k ' r e c sief r ea ans lm,a dt i matrwil stf rtil Th c u t l,h we e,g a t x e sv o c g i t z n h s te lbe e o ra . e o r wil o v r rn i ' i I ! 1 s mmayj g n f rd fn a t a t Co peysr mann cams u r ud me t o ee d n s s o o r e i ig li . i ' !; ) 1j ' ( 1 . Coo rss sinsale t f l ng s nc ofe nt rlt t hi cams On pe' ubmiso lge he olowi eque e ve s eaed o s li . - J ; ! ' l ( ;i , 7 .l j l :j ' . . Oco r2 , 20 4, v rNo t Co r cina Ce tr(- v rNo t, seg a ttsg.)tv ya tbe 2 1 Rie rh re to l n e - e rh, r e n - 1, - , md nd Ri ) i ) , 1 ! T: ' . . Ofke Le g n c me t Co p rsc l2 a d alegedl or red, t cj f u o be s ry d wi t r a a a o o e ' el n l y de s uf p r pa e t l h p : l ' f( i mae' ( mp. , No 1) Co pe c mple .Th ot r lc e hi i aso rsali c . Co l5 ECF . . o r o id e fkes o k d m n h we tl n ' 1: t 1E i? ! I .. Cooper v. Lundy et al Doc. 40 ' fp 1 i ' 1 pdt oatolobindisngotnasr0 u ofciin Defndanthave rui Mdtaesmngirpo tdecbm 1 sfr ndt e s ocnfnst cmta vefsef dte24 e oece o ohnruiins o toe Oo o d a t hd oe h n i d s i a f t : r q etddso eymaeil aen c sayt hss mmayj g n rs ns .Ac o dn y tec m'c n ld s e u se ic v r tras r e esr o i u r ud me t epo e c r igl, h o t o cu e 1 .i tadfnatrial.tnirefrdci ,n wlsprtladesCoe'pnigdsoe moi i ht ei dnsmoi' si o eio ad i eaa y drs opr ed i vr 'tnn e or' o p sn l e s n c y o pr parton f t e a 2Att tmeoft aleged consi i lvi atons,Cooperwasi arcerat atRi rNort Curenty, he i he l tmtona ol i nc ed ve h. r l j' j jl :i. t. lt '@: 1 ' hicnndteOi StPin esofeaRd nntero. i o a s ,,l JI ; it : ' ton, Coope ha fl a moto s eki i r s ied in e ng p e e t d e ie c t a t i v d o f o a e i n ln e a albl,a d Co pe f ist d mo tae t a a y o t e r s ne vd n e h t h s i e o t g s o o g r v i e n o r al o e nsr t h t n f h a , jJ I l ji t . j1 - ' . . 1 () : . 'g i ) . tl ) ) Dockets.Justia.com t s g e ton uni wih li ha silc f be nd hi ba k. Le n t n s a d Coo r he e r gai t t ls nds tl ufed hi s c aga he pr ye pe wih m a Ce n t t ce Gve hough he pos no t e tt ...s f t ' a Sgt Lt y G ed hr a o a e y,' nd . md l n a s uli bega s a tng Co pe' h nd whi c fe ' (d. Co pe alg st th s fr d ç r e d ma e t g s o rs a s l u fd. 1 ) o r le e ha e ufee s v n g o hi) e ' ne h n 'd rngt e icd n . ( .sRe p.1 4,ECF No 2 . Co p rrc ie t re ds i ia y a d' u i h n i e t Pl' s , . 5) o e e ev d h e icpl r n c r s - f a tm ptngt s tatsa fa t f pos es i ofconta nd. ha ge --one or te i o pi tf nd wo or s son r ba Afe Sgt Lt tr . mdy a Le n m o d Coope t s gr ga i on Oc o r 22,t y a s nd aga ve r o e e ton t be he lo al dl s r hed Coope ' per o lpr pe t ie swihou pr pa i a pr r i nt r a lege y ea c r s s na o ry t m t t e rng ope nve o y nd çl e a y l s o miplc d'n me o s ie . td.2. W ad n W rg tr ld Coo rs tz w wa , o t r s a e ' u r u tms L= ) tr re ih ue pe' gre nce a i va boutt s pr ry t be ç ot dy'be a e t oo ce s ha notpr de Coope hi ope t o & mde ' c us he f r d ovi d r wih mli t y ofhi pr t ie s Coope wasr i btred $8 34 f t m o tr val t nven or s opery tm . r em ls 2. or he ne a y ue o t m isngordn age pr pe t ie s f he s i m d o ry tm . Asa r s toft dici i r c r ,Coope s ntt m ont i s g e ton. Durng e ul he s plna y ha ges r pe wo hs n e r ga i i dici i r a s plna y ppea pr e ngs W a de W rghtr viwed s v la e c m e a f t ge of t l oce di , r n i e e ur eil nc n r oo a he i i nt a dim is d t a tmpt d s ti c r f i ufi i nt e de e. Coope wa ncde nd s s e he te e pitng ha ge or ns fc e vi nc r s f und notguit ofpos e sng a s x dol c ic t fom hi c l. Heplade g ly,howe r o ly s si e l onfs a ed r s el e d uit ve , t ' s sng r zor t twe e f o pos es i a s ha r ound i hi s a co e t y wer pe i s r ne s not n s hoe nd nt nds he e ncl hape r , W eaPOnS. Coope a s fl gre nc sa r lo ied i va e boutnotr e vi pr rnotc ofa1 ie sconfs a e a ec i ng ope ie l tm ic t d s c ta nd a trt c l s ar h o Oc o r22,a W a de W rg f md t tt so ison ha on r ba fe he e l e c n t be nd r n i ht ot ha hi m s i d vi a e polc Oo c r She r s r d Coope wih a i ompl t c icai n f m on olt d i y. e phe d e ve r t n nc e e onfs to or Oc o r 22. She r l tr s r d a be aed c i ca i f m o N ove r 5,sa i t t t be phe d ae e ve l t onts ton or n mbe ttng ha nlm e ous phot a of c l e had be n r m oved f om Coo r s c l . Coo r t n ha a l r ogr phs hidr n e e r pe ' e l pe he d n ' . ï , !j i . . : 2 . Li t ' : , o pporu t t diput t sc icai t o h t gre ncepr dur ,butt ie sha not tniy o s e hi onfs ton hr ug he i va oce es he t m ve ;1 ! l. t bee r t r t hi . n e u ned o m J )' y ! C oprruhtij18 atnaant re Wrh,iueat . TnhrSt oebogtls 93 co gisWadn i tLet nPA.iee,g. l i g n Lu d , ny y t, (; 1, )I j ( ' ! ; i j! . 1ë! I 'i'' :' j - a d Of es Le ga a d S ph r He rie t re cams ( ) Lu d a Le g n n t r a n n he ed. k as s h e li : 1 n y nd a a f a rctddsi i r c ag sa antCo pe;fie t iv noyhspes n lp o ry i ms biae icpl y h re g is o r ald o n e tr i ro a rpet t ; na e . a l tordesr yeds ve a ofhi pr ry ie ;( She r vi ae prs polc rga di nd os to e r l s ope t tms 2) phed oltd ion iy e r ng n tc o c n ic tdp o ry a d ()Lt y a d Le g u e e e sv f r ea ans Co pe. oie f o fs ae r pet; n 3 md n a ml s d xc si e o c g i t o r j!? ; ; ;' ' , 'J: Coope a s al ge t tt wa de and Lt Ti he a e la e as s rv s y o fc as f r t r lo le s ha he r n . nc r r i bl upe ior fi i l o he . vi lto a l edl c mit by t i s di t s o ai ns leg y om ted her ubor na e . I 1. A. St nda d ofRe e . a r viw A c u ts o l g a ts mmayj d me tGft mo n s o t a te ei no g n i o r h ud r n u r u g n û he va t h ws h t h r s e une i ds uea t a ymaeilfc a d temo n i e t ldt j d me ta amatro lw. F d ip t s o n tra a t n h va t s ni e o u g n s t te f a ' e . ' t R. v. 5 () û st mae ilt ... o ny ds t so e fcsta mih a fc t o to Ci P. 6 a. G o traiy ( l l ipue v r a t h t g t fe t he u c me A. o te s i u d rt e g v r i 1w wi p o ry p e l e te e ty o sl r j dg n . f h ut n e h o enng a l r pel r cud h nr f l l mmay u me t' ' An es n v. b ry Lo b .I c, 7U. 2 2 2 8 ( 9 6 . A dipuea o tamae ilfc i d ro Li et b y n .47 S. 4 , 4 1 8 ) s t bu tra a t s g n i Gftee d n ei s c t tara o a l jzyc u drtun av r itf <t en n vn e une û h vie c s u h ha e s n b e l o l et' ed c o h o mo ig i r pa t ' J Theco tmus drw a1ras bl i eenc fo t f t i f ofCoo r t ry. Z ' ur t a l e ona e nfr es r m he acs n avor pe, he n n vngp ry W iln v. tpe . n .37 F.d 6 2, 6 (t Ci. 0 ) o mo i a t. l ms Sa ls 1 c, 2 3 6 6 7 4 h r 20 4 . i ? B. Polc V i a i i y ol tons . Coope c tndst the i e ild t da gesunde j198 be a edeenda sa t r one ha s ntte o ma r 3 c us f nt dmi t tofk e s f ie t f l prs polces on s ve a oc sons To sat a ca e of a ton ha t r al d o olow ion i i e r l ca i . te us ci unde j 1 3,& pli ifmus alge t vi ai o arghts c ed by t Consiui a r 98 1 antf a t le he olton f i e ur he ttton nd . ' 3 E 2 lwsoft Unied St t s a mus s a he t a e , nd t how t tt ale d de i ton wasco mitd by aperon ha he l ge prva i m te s a t g u d rc lro sae lw. We tv. l s 48 U. 4 ,4 ( 9 8 (iain o te ) ci n e o o ? tt a ' s At , 7 S. 2 8 1 8 ) ctto s mitd . n ' dn 1 1ti wels tld t tvo ainso saelw c n o p o ieteb ssf rad p o e scam' : ) s l et ha ilto f tt a a n t r vd h a i o ue r c s li ' ( e u d rj 1 8 . W elrv. p' o S ca S r ie ,9 F.d 3 7 39 (t Ci.1 9 )(iain ne 93 le De t f o il e vc s 01 2 8 , 2 4 h r 9 0 ctto o te ) Smial,a sae sf i l t a i eb iso p o e l a r g lto i n ta fd r l mitd . i lry tt' alr o b d y t wn r c dz l e uains s o e ea te r d ep o e sis e Rico v. t .o Fara Va,9 7 F.d 1 9,1 9 (t Ci.1 9 ) a d i u r c s su , c i Cn y f ifx. . 0 2 45 46 4h r 9 0 , n s n ta to a l t e j 1 8 . Th s Co p rsfu tainst tp io o fcasfie t c mpl o cin be md r 9 3 u , o e ' r srto ha rs n f il ald o o y wih prs n r ultons by no pr pe l c t i o eg a i t o ry ompl tng or s r ng notc of co i c ton or ei e vi ie nfs a i i e tr o hsp ro a p o ry i ms - n tp o i ea b ssf rà y cam un e j 1 8 . nv no y f i e s n l r pe t t - do o r v d a i o n li d r 9 3 e Th r f r, h c t t l g a tsl r u g n f ra1d fnd nso Coo rscamsalgn e eo e t e ol wi rn l r l mma yj d me t o l ee a t n pe' li l ig e vi a i o prs n polc e . oltons f i o ii s C.Pr ed a DuePr s oc ur l oce s Coope ha a s sa e no c tm tona cai t the wa de i d o lbe t orpr ry r s lo t t d onsi i l l m ha s prve f i ry ope t i e esswiho duepr s . nt r t t ut oce s The prs n i a e ha no consiutonaly gua a e i mlniy fom i o nm t s tt i l r nt ed m l t r be ng f le y orwr y a c e ofc i asl ongl c us d onduc whih m a r s ti t de i ton t c y e ul n he prva i o a p oe td l e t itr s. E t e ,t e i mae h s t e rg tno t be f rtce i ry n ee t Rah r h n t) a h ih t o b de i d ofapr t c e lbe t i er s wiho duepr s ofl w. prve o e t d i ry nt e t t ut oce s a Fre n v Ri e u ,8 8 F.d 9 9 9 ( d Ci.1 6 ;s e as Rihad o v.Ra 49 Fe e ma . d o t 0 2 4 , 51 2 r 98 ) e lo c r s n y, 2 d. Ap x 3 , 3 6 ( t Ci.2 2 ( odng ta imae s cam o f le ds iln r c r e p' 95 9 4h r 01 ) h li h t n t ' li f as icp ia y hag g n r l c n tsae j 1 8 cam)(iig M o r v.Plse,2 6 F.d 9 ,9 - 3 (t Ci. e e al n no tt 9 3 li ctn y oe atr 6 3 28 313 8h r 2 01 (i dn rtlao pd s iln cam ma p o e d whee d si l r a to i n t 0 ) fn ig eaitr icpi e li y rc e r icpi y cin s o na s p o td b t o e d nc ' ; F e ma , 8 F.d a 9 2 5 ( o dn t t s ln a u p re y E me vie e' r e n 08 2 t 5 - 3 h l ig ha, o o g s s ) pr durlr rme saes tsid,meealegai o f sfe e de edonotsae j1 3 oce a equie nt r aife r l tons f aliid vi nc tt 98 cam) li . 4 lf sae a p o e u a d e p o e svilto a p an ifmus ( )ie tf a p oe td ç' tt r c d rl u r c s o ain, litf 'o t 1 d n iy r tce lbet orpr ryi ees a ( de nsrt de i to oft ti ee twihoutd pr es of i ry ope t ntr t nd 2) mo tae prvain ha ntrs t ue oc s lw. P it v. ak , 8 F.d2 , 48(t Ci. 01 ) E l e t itr s ma aiefo te a ' reo Clr e 7 0 3 45 2 4 h r 2 5 . ç i ry n ee t y rs r m h ' A b Consiu i is l,by r s n ofguar nt si plcti t wor li ry, ori m a a ie fo an tt ton t e f ea o a ee m i i n he d lbe t ' t y rs r m e c a i ori e e tc e t d by sa el wsorpolcis' W il o v. tn,545 U. 209, xpe t ton nt r s r a e tt a i e .' ldns n Ausi S. 221 ( 0 5 (n e lctto o te ) An imaesfd r l p oe td l ry itr ssce td b 2 0 ) itma iains mitd . n t ' e e al r tce i t n ee t rae y y be sa e 1w ç r lm ie t t fe m fom r tantwhi h,whie no e e ng t s nt nce i t t a G e i t d o he r edo r esr i a c l t xc edi he e e n s h a une c e m a rast gi rs t pr eci by t Due Pr es Cl us ofis own uc n xpe t d nne o ve ie o ot ton he oc s a e t f r e nonet l s i oc, he e s mpos a ypi l a sgni anthar hi on t i t i r l ton t t es t ca nd i fc ds p he nma e n e a i o he o dn r i ie t o p io l e' Sa dnv. n r 51 U. 4 2, 4 ( 9 5 . r iay ncd n s f rs n i . n i Co ne, 5 S. 7 48 1 9 ) f' Coo rf tc e t tt lt r dim is d dicplna y c r f a tm pt s ti pe gs ont nds ha he a e - s s e s i i r ha ges or te ed pitng a f pos e son of c r ba s how vi a e hi rg s by c usng hi t be pl ed i nd or s s i onta nd ome olt d s i ht a i m o ac n s r to f t mont . l t c le d sa u c nge s h as s r ga e c i m e , eg egai n or wo hs f he ha lnge t t s ha , uc eg e t d onfne nt doe not i s mpos S t c a sgnii nt ha ds p' o t i t or tne t bl a f t t e t ypi al nd i fca a r hi ' n he nma e ç via y fec he i d ai n ofhi s ntnc ' ho ve ,t n he hasno f der ly pr e t d lbe t i e es,a he i ur to s e e ey we r he ' e al ot c e i ry nt r t nd s no e il t f de aldue pr s pr e tonsbef e prs ofk i sm a i e e t tsa t t ntted o e r oce s ot ci or ion t al y mplm nt ha ttz s c nge. 1 a 486ha d. t 87. M e e lm iai ns on prvie s pr ry, a a svii , a e n r i tto i l ge , ope t nd c i tes nd ve ds iln r a t ns Gn rs o s t mic n uc f lrj wihn t e e pe td p rmees o te icp iay ci , l e p n e o s o d t al o i t i h x ce ei tr f h s nt nc i e e e mpos d by a c toflm ' a a s h,c e our a ' nd s uc nnno q lf a ha s o a y c s a t t uaiy s r h r t pi al o s o c e t a pr t c e lbe t i e e t 1 a 485. rae o e t d i r y nt r s . d. t Coo rdoe notdes rbet c to i s r ga i dtrng hi t m ont t m t r . pe s c i he ondii ns n eg e ton li s woh er he e Ce t nl he f is t a lge f t s wi t tt s saus i pos s m or r src i c tons rai y, a l o le ac s ho ng ha hi t t m e e e titve ondii t n ae r i l i ha r outney mpos d o i a e s gr t f a i sr tve or pr e tve pu pos . e n nm t s e egaed or dm nita i ot ci r es Thus t cour c l s t t Coope f l t de o tae a pr e t d lbe t i e es i , he t oncude ha r ais o m nsr t ny ot c e i ry nt r t n a di a s tt r i s gr ga i dtrng d s i i y pr e ngs y cc di y,he has no voi ng hor e m n e e ton li i cplnar oce di . t or ngl f de a due pr es cai r lt d t t s dicplna y c r es M or ve ,t r c d c e ry e rl oc s l m ea e o hi s i i r ha g . eo r he e or l a l r fec st tCoope di r ceve pr e la pr e tonsr lt d t t e c r s: notce of t e l t ha r d e i oc dtr l ot c i ea e o hes ha ge i he c rg ,a h aig,a d c n ito ba e o s me e ie c (h tsi n o te o fc r who h e e rn n o v ci n s d n o vd n e t e e tmo y f h fie s u e f r ea an thm) M o ti ra ty Co pe pls e a a p a, u igwhc t wa d n s d o c g is i . s mpo tn l, o r t u d n p e ld rn ih he r e r ove tm ed a e m ge t co c i ,bas on hi as es me o t vi o f t ge a t ru nd xpt d wo nvitons ed s s s nt f he de oo a nd he l k ofe de e t tt s x dol bel d t Coope r t rt n hi celm a e Fa fom bei ac vi nc ha he e l onge o r a he ha s l t . r r ng de ed due pr es ,Coope r e ve tls pr t c i and s e d i ha ng hi co c i ni oc s r ec i d li o e ton ucc ede n vi s nvitons i i t d. For t sa e r as , t c t wil gr nt de e nt ' m o i n f sl a y nvalda e he t t d e ons he our l a f nda s to or lmm r j d me ta t Co pe' d pr c s camsr g r i h sds iln r c r e . u g n s o o rs ue o e s li e adng i icp iay hag s3 Coo ras saesno d pr s cam a tona eunde j1983 r r ng t l so pe lo tt ue oce s li ci bl r egadi he os r de tu ton ofhi pr ry ie . tBe aus t pr e tons oft Due Pr es Clus a e no sr c i s ope t t ms t c e he ot ci he oc s a e r t ti e by t G r f iur t t ker a o bl ca e, neg i ntde i to a e notac ina e rgger d he me e al e o a e s na e r ' lge prvai ns r to bl u d rj 1 8 . Lo ea ev. e 4 2 F.d 1 4 2 2 (t Ci. 0 6 (uoi Pik v. se,5 n e 9 3' v lc Le , 7 3 7 , 0 4h r 2 0 ) q tng n Le tr 2 ' F.d 7 , 5( t Ci.1 9 ) s eas Da il v. il ms 4 4U.. 2 3 ( 9 6 (( h Due 3 3 7 4h r 9 5 ; e lo nes W li , 7 S 3 7, 28 1 8 ) & T1 e n û Pr s Clus i sm pl no i i a e by ane i nta tofa ofi i lc usng lni e oce s a e s i y t mplc t d glge c n tc a a i l nt nded l s os o o ij r t l e lb ry o p o ry. Thu , o tee tn t tp io o fcas n gie to f r n u y o i , ie t, r r pet ' f ). s t h x e t ha rs n fiil' e l n r g i dve tnta t ca e l sordnmageofCoope ' pr pe t heha nots f r d a de i ton of na re c s us d os r s o ry, s ufe e prva i c tmto sgnii a t tti r d any f de al r quiedpr edza pr e tons onsi i nal i fc nce ha rgge e e r ly e r oc tr l ot c i . 3 Co r appa e l beives t t dimis l of t dicplna y c r f tyi t s t on sa f i ope r nty le ha s s a he s i i r hage or r ng o pi tf s c usve evi nc t t Lundy a Lea n us e s i f c Coo r i mitke An Eiht Ame ment oncl i de e ha nd ga ed xce sve or e. pe s sa n. g h nd cam ofe esi f cemus bea l edunde aco eel difr ntlgalsanda dt n t one W a de W rght li xc sve or t nayz r mplt y fe e e t r ha he r n i e o e i d cdigt ds s Co pe' dsil r c re S eW hte v. bes 4 5 U. 31 31 (98 ) mply d n e i n o imis o rs icpi y hag . e ilv Al r, 7 S. 2, 9 1 6 na (odn t a t nl teu ne esr a dwa tn i lcino p i'voae EihhAme d n) Th s whl te h lig h t t y h n c say n n o nfito f an' ilts g t o n me t. u , i h e wa de sfndi wilber lva tt Coope ' e s i f r e c ea ti ,i doesnotf e os deenda s defns r n' i ng l ee n o rs xce sve o c as t ral t or cl e f nt' e e t tt y di notus unco tttonalf r eagans Coope . ha he d e nsiu i oc i t r 6 Si ia l ta t ut rze i e i m lry, sn ma ho i d ntntonalde i ton ofpr ry by a sa e e oye does prvai ope t t t mpl e not co tmt a vi a i of t pr dur r quie nt of t Due Pr es Cl us of t nsi e olton he oce al e r me s he oc s a e he Fo te h Ame ure nt ndme i a m e ni f posde i ton r m e f t l s i a ia e. nt f a ng ul t prva i e dy or he os s val bl ' ' Hu s n v Pame , 6 U. 51 5 3( 98 ) Dmi g Co pe ' miva c p o e dng a o th s d o . l r 4 8 S. 7, 3 1 4 . n o rs e n e r c e i s b u i pr o ,a prs a i sr orf md t tofki s di no f l w prs r a i r lt d t ope ion dm nitat ot ha f al d t olo ion egultons e ae o tmey notc ofc i l ie onss ai a pr ry i c ton nd ope t nvent y. Suc r ndom ,t horz d ac svi a e or h a maut i e t olt d Coope ' c nsi i r s o tmtonalduepr e srght onl i he had no me ngf lposde i ton r m e oc s i s y f nni u t prva i e dy f t l s Coo rad ist the ha aposde i ton r med t ough t prs sgre nce or he os . pe m t ha d t prva i e y hr he ion' i va pr e esa r c i d c oc dm nd e e ve ompe ai n f hi l ta dn a d pr pe t ie s Healo f l t ns to or s os nd m ge o ry t m . s ais o de o tae t tposde i to r m e e we e nota ia e t diput t c nls a i o hi m nsr t ha t prvai n e dis r va lbl o s e he o i c ton f s pho ogr phs Fi ly, Coope alo pos es e r me e t r Vigi a sa e l w t s k t a . nal r s s s d e di s mde r ni tt a o ee ri lsme f t vaue oft s ie . See e. ,Va.Code j 8. - 95. ( r ni Tor embtre nt or he l he e tms , g. 01 1 3 W gi a t Cli Ac) Th ,ti ce rta Co pe c n o prv i i ac n ttto a cam t e j 1 8 ams t. us i s la h t o r a n t e al n o siui n l li md r 9 3 f rt ed p iain o hsp o ry. Hu s n,4 8U. a 5 5 3 (e adngt e a ia iiya d o h e rv to f i rpe t d o 6 S. t 3 - 6 rg r i h valblt n a e u c o sae c u trme is u d r Vign a 1w f r alg d d sr ci n o p o e t) d q a y f tt o r e de n e r ii a o le e e tu to f r p ry . Ac o dn l ,hec u t l g a ts mma yj d me tf ra1d f n a t o Co pe' d ep o e s c r ig y t o r wil ' n u r u g n o l e e d ns n o rs u r c s r c am s4 li . D .Exc s i For e Cl i s e sve c am The Ei h Am e e does notpr bi al a i a i of f c or i lcton of pai ght ndm nt ohi t 1 pplc ton or e nfi i n a i tl s r. Unie Sttsv.Gor 592 F. 489,494 ( h Ci.201 . l t e si gans yiones td ae e, 3d 4t r 0) n he xce sve f c c e , ço y t t ne e s r a w a o i lc i of pa n' r s s t t l ve of a or e ont xt ç nl he m c s a y nd nt n nf i ton i ' i e o he e l c n t in l ilto W hte v. b r, 5U.. 2, 9( 9 6 .An e c si ef recam o si o a v oain. ilv Ales 47 S 31 31 1 8 ) mt x e sv o c li 4 The polc vi ains a due pr s cams a e t onl pori of Coope ' co ai i whih iy olto nd oce s li r he y ton rs mpl nt n c Dee d n S e edi i iae Ac o dn l,h c m'wil rn s mmayj d me tfrhsdee d n . fn a t h ph r s mpl td. c r igy te o t lga t u r u g n o ti fn a t c 7 h st c mp n n s o e s b e tv a d o e o j ci . S e i ly t c u tmus d tnnn a wo o o e t, n u j cie n n be t ve p ct l, he o r t ee ie ka wh te as e i p io o sca S ce wih as fkin l c la l saeo mi da ( ehe) eh r p cfc rs n f il t td t u t e ty up be tt f n nd wh t r a tealg dwr ng ongwa o j cieyhamf le o g t e tbls ac n ttto lvo ain. h l e o di e s b e tv l r u n u h o sa ih o siuina ilto ' ' Hu s nv. c il n, 0 U. 1 8( 9 2 (n e l u tto mak a dctto o te ) d o M M li 5 3 S. , 1 9 ) itma q oain r s n iain mitd . a l a d e sn t e s be t c mpo n ,te c u tmus d tr n û te f r e wa n d rs ig h u j ci o ne t h o r ve t eemie t h r o c s whe a i d i a good-at efo tt m a n an orr sor dicplne orm a ii usy a s sialy t pple n f ih f r o i t i et e si i , lc o l nd aditc l o c us ha m . I a 5. Fa t r t c tma c i ri l çhe ne f rt a i to of a e r ' d. t ' c o s he our y onsde ncude ç t ed o he pplcai n f c t r ltons p be wee t ne d a t amountoff cet twa us d,... he e e of or e, he ea i hi t n he e nd he or ha s e t xt nt ij r ifitd' Ghe e tn o te t ra t t e s ft o sa fa i mae ,a r a o a l nu y n lce , G x e t f h h e t o h aey f tf nd n t s s e s n by 't pe c ve by t r s r ei d he e ponsbl ofi i l on t ba i oft f c s known t t m ,a a e f rs i e fc as he ss he a t o he nd ny f o t m a t t mpe t s ve iy ofaf r e u r pons ' W hily, U . a 321. I Ghe e de e, de o e r he e rt o c f l es e. ' te 475 S. t f G vi nc t viwe i t lghtm os f vor bl t t pl n if wils e d n he i t a a e o he aitf, l uppor ar i e i e e eofwa onnes t elabl nf r nc nt s i teiqito o pan, t ecam s r ie sl r j d me t nt es jci c mpo n .1 n h n cin f i ' h li u vv s lmmay u g n o h ube tve o ne t d. ' I a d e sn t ls d ma dng o j ci c mp n n u d rHu s n t c u ta k n d rs ig he e s e n i , be t o o e t n e d o , he o r s s ve wh t e t e f re a pl d wa ç o ti il' W i n v.Ga d ,5 9 U. 3 ,3 ( 0 . Th eh r h o c p i e s G nrva. n ' l s ki d y 5 S. 4 9 201 ) e e tn o te imae sij r i a f co i t i i q iy a i t y s g e twh t e t e u e o x e t f h n t' nu y s a tr n hs n ur , s t i ma u g s eh r h s f f r c d plusbl ha be t o ce oul a i y ve en houghtne es a y i a pa tc a st to 'orm a G ovi c sr n riul r iuai n' y G pr de s meidc to o t ea u to f rea pid. 1 . t3 (n ena q o ain maksa d ctto o n iai n f h mo n f o c p le ' d a 7 itr l u tto r n iains ' o te ) mitd . D e e nt ' ve s o of e nt o O c obe 22 a 23,201 s m mi d he e dif s f nda s r i n ve s n t r nd 4, um ze r , f er m a ke y 9om Coo r s a c mt Lea n a Lundy s t t t y w e t Coope ' c l t r dl pe ' c ot . ga nd ay ha he nt o r s el o pe l m a s down afe r cevi atp t tCoope ha r orblde li n i hi s l,a rbr hake tr e i ng i ha r d az a s ldde n s andas ha m a s x dol,a a lng t t c m e a r t f m a sa ng we pon. Coo r f ie t nd de e l nd i ha n pa t o or tbbi a pe a ld o 8 c ompl wih fve or r t pr s nthi s l t be r sr ne a onc i r tant,hi dim ptve y t i de s o e e m ef o e tai d, nd e n esr i s s s i b ha ir1d t hi p a e n ( t dfiut )i te s g e ain s we dzi gt ec l sa c . e vo e o s lc me t wih ifc ly n h e r g to ho r l n h el e rh r Onc t r ,Coo ral gedl ti t pul t handc ftt ri o t s werwih hi . Lundy e he e pe le y red o l he uf e he nt he ho t m sa e t t he he d Coope û a a s t lke noie a t.' hi he t s tt r sa ' tt s ha ar r t ke pi i m s nd t n s ad o pi owa ds t E ' u t n yAf. 6 ECFNo 2 - . nrs o s , d a miitr das o t u s o OC s r y a d Lu d f ! , . 8 1)I e p n e Lun y d nse e h r b rt f p a , n t of er t n ma ge t r m o t t t rfom Coo rsr tant . he fc s he na d o e ve he ehe r pe ' esr i s Coope c e t t t Ra d Eye f a of t Oc obe 22 us of f r e i i r ontnds ha he pi ootge he t r e o c ncdent woul pr vet the wa notcomba i a di no ty t s to a d o ha s tve nd d t r o pi n nyone Asa r a i c t d, . le dy ndi a e de e n s sae t tunde t o r ton ofprs polces i efe ti 201 t i f a no f nda t t t ha r he pe a i ion i i n f c n 4, l s oot ge l l nge e ss5 The co t consr s Coope ' c e i a ut t vi o a hi pe s o r xit . ur tue r s ontntons bo he de s s r onal sa e nt t t he di no comm i t m ibe or des rbe by Le n and Lt dy as t t me ha d t t he s havi s ci d aga m j si to f rt i u e o f r e Ths sae n i c ro o ae by t e wade ' d cso , u tt in o her s f o c . i ttme t s or b r td ka h r n s e ii n ba e on t vi o f a t tt e de e di nots ppor afndi ofguiton t c r t t sd he de oot ge, ha he vi nc d u t i ng l he ha ge ha Coope ti d t s ta a r re o pi t nyone. Thus fndi ge ne is of ma e i lf c i diput a t i ng nui s ues t ra a t n s e s o Coope ' c am sofe es i f r e a a t ke e e nt ofde e n s'de e e ofqua ii rs l i xc sve o c , nd s o y l me s f nda t f ns lfed i mi ,t c u twi d n sl r j d me tf rLe g n a d Lu d Se Bu n c r v mmt t he o r l e y lmma y u g n o a a n n y. e o o o e . y l Ha i , 5 F3 3 7, 5 (t Ci.1 9 )(i ig sl r j d me tno p o rwh nr s lto n s 6 .d 4 3 9 4 h r 9 5 fndn l mma y u g n t r pe e e ou in ofq lfe i uaiid mmuniyquesi a cli is l bot de ndupondee mi ngwha ha ne . t ton nd am tef h pe tr ni t ppe d) 5 Defndant expli t tatRi rNorh, dgtlvd o rc re ($ e s an ha ve t ii ie e od r : a DVR' s se i v ro s lc to s ' y tms n aiu o ain ) t ougho t f iiy r cor a sor vi o f a om muli eRa d Eye c r s Eac DVR i ca eof hr ut he aclt e d nd t e de ootge tpl pi ame a . h s pabl r t ni f ag f a tme beor r c di new f age ove t pror f a eai ng oot e or i f e e or ng oot r he i ootge. The r t ton tm e va i een i i res a or ngt t a cc di o he mountofmove ntr c de i t pa tc a aea c r d by e h DVR' ca r si a gi me e or d n he riulr r s ove e ac S me a n ny ven pei Deenda ssaet tt f iiy doe notha t ca iy t r ti a1Ra dEyevi o. rod. f nt tt ha he aclt s ve he pact o ean 1 pi de W he W a de W rghts of e i si e Coope s dici i r a l r ga di t Octbe 201 n r n i ' fc nvetgatd r' s plna y ppea e r ng he o r 4 i de ,t vi f a wa sila ia e.Thewadenr viwe i a f undt ti di nots nci nt he deo ootge s tl valbl r e e d t nd o ha t d uppor t ofi r the tces' r po tofCoo rs c e r pe ' onduc. Thevi polc t i e fct howeve ,di notr r l tr r tnto o Ra d t deo iy hen n fe , r d equie ong-e m e e in f pi Eyef agei vi us off cei den sunl saf mali tt tonali tga i wa c oot nvol ng e or nci t es or nsiui nvesi ton s onduc e orot rsaf td he t f o t o fnders cscal r quesed r tnton oft f a Be us t i si t ' ofi di no lt h a r he fe pe i ly e t ee i he ootge. ca e he nve tgaors tce d t amc f ma i tga i of t Ocobe 22 us off r i de ,and t tofie di notr ceve any r ss 9om or l nvesi ton he t r e o ce nci nt ha fc d e i eque t Coope f r tnton oft Ra d Eyevi oft ti dent t vi wasno r ti d a i no l ra lbl r or ee i he pi deo ha nci , he deo t eane nd s onge vaia e. The eor ,t c ti u bl t r viw i i s r f e he our s na e o e e t n uppor ofCoo rsexc svef c cli ,a hehasr quesed. t pe ' esi or e ams s e t 9 E. Super s y De e nt vior f nda s Coope a gue t De enda Ti he s d bela ebec us he s vie t o fc r r r s hat f nt nc r houl ibl a e uper s d he fi e s who alege y us exc sve f c Coope alo a g s t t W a de W rght i û e ly l dl ed es i or e. r s r ue ha r n i s t ga l l r ponsbl ' f o r tonsa Ri rN orh,i udi c tt i la polc vi ai nsby hi es i e' or pe a i t ve t ncl ng onsiutona nd i y ol to s s bo di ts The eco e i donotsaeac z bl cli t rj1983.Ofkil ma no u r nae . s ntntons tt ognia e am mde t as y t behed la et rj 1 f rt unco tt i lco uc oft i'ubor nae t rat or l ibl mde 983 o he nsiutona nd t hers di ts mde he y o rs o d a s p ro . As r f v. q l 5 6 U. 6 2 6 6 ( 0 ) Be a s Co pe d e no f e p n e t u ei r hco t lba, 5 S. 6 , 7 20 9 . c u e o r o s t saefcss ng t tTi he orW rg ,t oug hi own ûndi d la tons ( i ci l tt a t howi ha nc r iht hr h s i viua ci or na tons, i ha vi ae t Consiuin'orc usd ot r t vilt i,Coo rsj 1 cam agans t s s oltd he ttto ' a e hes o oae t pe ' 983 li i t hi d fn a t fis 1 ; S acn v.Po tr 7 7 F. 36 , 3 3 (t Ci. 1 4 ( o dn t a ee d n al. d. ll a re, 3 2d 8 7 4h r 98 ) h l ig h t s vior la lt lnde j 1 r r s ngst t ofkilha a t lor c tu tve uper s y ibiiy l r 983 equies howi ha t a d cua onsr ci k wld eo rs o c n tt in lij r a d wa d lb rtl idfe e tt t trs a dt a no e g f ik f o si o a n u y n s eieaey n ifr n o ha ik, n h t m t ee i a afr tvec u a ln b t e t eij r a s p r io y o f a ' ia to . Th h r s n fimai a s l ik ewe n h nu y nd u e vs r fkils n cin) e c u t l g a tsl r j d me tf rTi h ra dW rg t o r wil rn l mma y u g n o nc e n ih . 11 1. Fo te sae ra o s t ec u twilg a td fn a t'moin f rsl r j d me ti r h ttd e s n , h o r l rn e e d n s t o l o mmay u g n n pa ta de i i pa t The c twilgr ntt m o i n ast al c am sa de e nt e e r nd ny t n r. our l a he to o l l i nd f nda s xc pt Coo rs c am s o e s i f c agans Lundy a Lea n. Thes c am s wilbe'e f a pe ' l i f xce sve or e i t nd ga e li l s t or j r til Ana p o raeo d rwi is ehee t . u y a. p r p it r e l s u rwih l The Cl r i di e t t s nd c pi s of t s m e o a l opi on a a c pa ng e k s r c ed o e o e hi m r ndlm ni nd c om nyi o de t pl i ifa t c ms lofr c d f def nda s r r o antf nd o ot e e or or e nt . ENTER:Ths JN d yo De e e, 2016. i / a f c mb r C i fUried St t Diti tJ e lt aes src udge 10
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