Talford v. Clarke et al, No. 7:2015cv00387 - Document 21 (W.D. Va. 2016)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Chief United States District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 5/10/2016. (tvt)
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* . nlFnK! PF W S @ pl çour : FI J c A H A 6 LV T O N K ,A FIED L I rusvxl o s w sm sTm cv covl' xe u u tr MAY 12 2 1 0s FO R TH E W ESTERN DI STRI T O F W R G I I C N A R OA N O K E DI SI N W O J zc ' ' c E uu '' x RK BY : JERM AI C.TM , NE FORD, Peii r ttone , v . H AROLD CLARKE, ' Res ponde . nt ' ' ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) CASE NO. 1 7:5CV00387 ' M EM ORANDUM OPI ON NI By:Ho Gln E. nr d n. e Co a . ChifUniedSt e DititJudge e t ats src J ma ne C.Taf d,aVigi a i a epr e ng pr K ,fld t spe ii f ra m i of er i lor r ni nm t oce di o ie hi tton o t . ha ascopus purua t 28 U. C.j2254,c le ng t vai t ofhi c i me on be r , s nt o S. halngi he ldiy s onfne nt . c c i f diti i ofcoc i . Upon r vi w oft r or t cour c l onvitons or srbuton ane e e he ec d, he t onc udest tt ha he f . peii mus bedim is d. tton t s se ' 1. q A g a j r i Brso,Vigr a rtu d a id cme to M a 28 2 3 c a gn rnd u y n itl r ii, etme n n it n n y , 01 , h r ig l Tafr wi t rec t so d s i to o c c i ,hido s b e ue to fn e ( 3 0 1 lo d t h e o mt f ih buin f o ane t r r u s q n fe s . CR1 0 08 7 h 01 02,03. Thei cme alge t tTafr diti e coc i on J nuay 6,1 a 1 , ) ndit nt le d ha lo d srbutd ane a r 0, nd 2, 2 j I ie tlt l s= e t t e Brso,Vign a Poie De a t n (BVP ' si e a d 01 . ncd n a o z i s, h it l r ii lc p rme t t DD ez d n G ) sor d i ise de e l ke s ve a ba co a ni a of- t s t ncet twe e s ntt t t e n t vi nc oc r e r l gs nt i ng n fwhie ubsa ha r e o he Vigi a De rm e ofFor nsc Scincei M a c 201 f rt si r ni pa t nt e i e n rh 3 o e tng. So e i m tme be or Ta f r s s he e ti d t of Se e be 1 201 t f e lo d' c duld ral a e ptm r 2, 3, he Comm o a1h notfed de ens co elt tBVPD Evi nc Cl r Nanc Sl rha s f r d nwe t ii f e uns ha de e e k y ude d ufe e Talford v. Clarke et al Doc. 21 t de lttng sr s a was note wo biia i toke nd xpeced t be a l e t t siy. The Co monwe t t o vaiabl o e tf m a1h s ought a i s on of t e de e l m a nt i d by Sl r t pr dm s i he vi nc og i a ne ude o ove t t t BV PD ha ha he d mait ne c t of t s i d s tpc s Tafr s c e fld a moin L lmi t nai d usody he eze ubsa e . lo d' ouns l ie to q i ne o e l t e de e l t eoc i , a t ce tf ae of a l i, ba e on Sl rs xc ude he vi nc og, he ane nd he rik t s nayss s d ude ' k Dockets.Justia.com t val biiy t a he i t t l e de . At a he rng on Se e r 11,201 Taf d ma ia lt o ut ntcae he og nt s ai pt mbe 3, lor wav dli s e d t a rg t t alw t til u g tmet d cd t d fn emo in a dt ie l p e y l l ih s o lo he ra j d e i o e ie he ee s to , n he s i ti lwa pospo d. ra s t ne On S p e r2 ,2 3 t j dg g a td Taf r ' mo in j l n t e ld te e tmbe 0 01 , he u e rne lo d s to . i e o xcu e h q mi e de e l e ti sa vi nc og n re boutt s i d s tnce a ti lwihoutSl rst si o ast pe s he eze ubsa s t ra t ude ' e tm ny he ron wh ma e te rlv n 1 e tis Th j dg f rh r r ld t a G bs n tsi n o oh r o d h ee a t og nre . e u e u te ue h t ç e t e tmo y r t e a e de e t esa ih t c n ofc t ...t c tfc t of a l i (r t fr nsc vi nc o tbls he hai usody he eriiae nayss fom he o e i t c nca ) a d te s ie s b tn e ' wee i a misb e ( t Ata h.11 ECF No 1 1) e h iin n h ez d u sa c s' r n d sil . Pe. tc , . -. Talor sti wa s he ed f rNove r4,201 On Ocobe 15,Ta f r scot e tl d a f d' ral s c dul o mbe 3. t r lo d' ms l ie moton t dim ist c r s ba e on Sl rsuna ia lt n i o s s he ha ge , s d ude ' va lbiiy, mong o he t ngs t r hi . By lte d td Oco e 21 201 ,Taf r s c t e n tfe hi ta t e j dg h d etr ae t b r , 3 lo d' o msl o iid m h t h u e a de e t m oto t dimi s Cot e satd' ni d he i n o s s . ms l t e . Iwa dia nt d i t J s s ppoi e n he udge' r i Iunde sa t tyou f e t tt J s ulng. r t nd ha e l ha he udge mil d you whe we wai d s edy ti l . ..1 wilbe flng a a oprae se n ve pe ra . l ii n ppr i t o j cin s t a i p e e v df ra a p a i y u aec n itd. be to o h t s r sr e o n p e l f o r o vce Asweha ep e iusy d suse ,i c n itd o t s c r e i aj r til te v r vo l ic s d f o vce f he e hag s n u y ra,h J ywoull tbe a et s nt nc you t a l st nt m a t y m i m lm of ur c n' bl o e e e o ny es ha he nda or ni l tn y a so e c c t c n itd....( heCo n at ... sa r e t e e r n a h omt o v ce T) mmo we 1 h ha g e d o alw y u t tk a pe o 1 y a sf r a1t re c ag s ln t) n n te lo o o a e la f 2 e r o l h e h r e a d o me d h c r s(ojt tt r wo dbenoma tr mi mlm.... ma bea et tl ha ge s ha hee ul ndaoy ni l I y bl o ak t Co n at d wn t 1 y a sf ra1tl ec ag s....(t yo ...a he mmo we 1 o o 0 e r o 1 l e h r e h r I1 u tke t smatrt aj r til. . o c udb c n itdo a1 h e c u t a s r ea hi te o u y ra . y u o l e o vce f 1t re o n s nd ev m itmlm of30 ye r t po e ily lf i prs n. zi l a s o t nta l ie n io M y a c t you a tlstme i t s rousy r onsde t Co monweat spla dvi e o t li i s o e i l ec i r he m lh' e of e . I t Conf d i l I ot a t s ii s a t ot r ne s a y w ines e f r f he i enta nf m nt e tfe nd he he ce s r t ss t siy,i l ngt e de c e k,If elaco c i i lkey a l a to t one e tf ncudi he vi nce l r e nviton s i l t e s n he c mtt tt vi o i quie good and you wilbe f ci m uc mor tm et n i ot ha he de s t l a ng h e i ha s o r nty o f r d. ure l fe e Thi albeng s i t uli àe de ii n i yo sandyotr al s 1 i a d, he tm t c so s ur ls one. 2 ( t Ata h. ECF No 1 1) Coms lslte as e p an d t a h c ud no c mpi wi Pe. tc , . - . t e' etr lo x iie h t e o l t o y t h Taf d' r ue t f r hi t pm s a nole pr e lor s eq s o m o ue l os qui of t c ge , bec us onl t he hr s a e y he Com monwe 1h c d f l w tlspr e le a i wasnotG ta poston a t stm et do s ' at oul olo li oc dtr , nd t G a ii t hi i o o.' (i) J I i t s e t ton t da ofTaf r sti l Sl rFasa ia e t t tf a i t t s mdiput d ha he y lo d' ra , ude val bl o esiy ga ns Taf r l se do fcn til f r t ej r , we r Taf r a c p e ap e bag i Und r lod. n ta f a ig ra beo e h u y ho ve, lo d c e td la r an. e t t r soft pl a a ee nt i e ha f rTaf d' Alor guit pl at t e n nde he em he e gr me , n xc nge o lor s f d' ly e o hr e me d cha ge ofditi i n ofc ai fr tofe e Talor wo d be s nt nc t t n ye r i prs n r s srbuto oc ne, is f ns , f d ul e e ed ö e a s n io o e c c mt wih albu tn ye r oft t t ls nt nc t be s pe d. n a h ot , t l t e a s he o a e e e o us nde Att g ly pla he ng,t Comm onwe lh s ma ied ise de agans Taf d he uit e mi he at um rz t vi nce i t lor afl : s olows l l smatrivov dt e c nr le d u b y wi te u eo ac nsd nil Tj i te n le hre o told r g u s t h s f o e ta 1 h i or nt Fis oft e oc u r d her i t Ciy ofBrsolon J nua yt 6 h of nf ma . r t hos c r e e n he t it a r he t t sye r 201 t s c oc ure o Ja yt 1 t oft sye r a t t r hi a , 3) he e ond c r d n num' he 0 h hi a ; nd he hid o J nua y t 1 t oft sye r n a r he 2 h hi a . On e h oft e t c i nta i or a ha a r nged t m a e a pur has of ac hos , he onfde il nf m nt d r a o k c e c ai fo t de e nt The c i nta i or ntwasm e a s a c d, oc ne r m he f nda . onfde i l nf ma t nd e r he . bohhiges na li v hce byt Brso VignaDnz TakFoc .Hewa t s ro nd l e il, he itl rii g s re s s wie wlh a o a vi o r c di e pme ,m a t e t e pur has r d t udi nd de e or ng qui nt de hes hr e c es fom M r Tqlor t a i m e wih- i me ael f l wi t ta aci , r . f d, hen gan t t m di t y olo ng he r ns tons wi t me r o te Brso Vigna Dnz Tak Foc a wa a an t he mbes f h itl rii g s re nd s j i h s a c d, hi ve c e a hi pe s a t r tive t a o a vl o e r he s hil nd s r on, nd hey ere d he udi nd de r co d ng oft s ta aci nsa t y a1 oc ured wihi t Ciy Li t oft e ri he e r ns to nd he 1 c r t n he t mis he CiyofBdsol Vigi a. t t , r ni I a ton t t t Your Honor we woul as t i r e t Ce tfc t s of n ddii o ha , , d k o ntoduc he rii a e Anayss t t ae a ia e t e h of t e c r ( iyi t s z l i ha r pplc bl o ac hes hages verf ng he eied s b tn e a c c i e . u sa c s s o an j ( o . s Ex.1Ata h. ( lyplahe rngta ci ) a 14, No.9- . M t Dim. tc E guit e ai rnsrpt, t ECF 1) ' Alor v. No t Caoia 4 0 U. 2 ,3 (9 0 Cl ve o te s ng fcu lbai frte pe f d rh rln , 0 S. 5 8 1 7 ) n iw f h ko a ta ss o h la de monsrt d by t St t a Alor s ce ry expr s de ie t e e i de pie hi p of s e belef i hi ta e he ae nd f d' la l esed sr o ntr t s t s r e s d i n s ino e c , hodta tetilu g ddn t o t o ttt n l ro i a c pigi.) n c n e we l h th ra j d e i o c mmic nsiui a err l c e tn t' o z ' 3 Dm i t guit pl c l ng he ly ea oloquy,Talor a fr ed hi t rt ndi t t t e de e f d fim s mde sa ng ha he vi nc cek, s S u e , sp e e ta d a ia et tsiy i hep o e d d t aj r til (4 a 5) lr M . l d r wa r s n n valbl o e tf f r c e e o u y ra. L- t . s Talor a s a fr f d lo fimed t t he wa f l s tsi d wih hi co e ' r pr s nt ton a had ha s uly aife t s uns ls e e e a i nd dic s d pos i e de e e he mi htha atti . Ta f d alo a fr e t thet rt a s us e sbl f ns s g ve ral lor s f m d ha mde sood nd ' ha volmt dl ans r d t que tonson t g ly pl a f m ;he t de sood t rg she wa d t a y we e he si he uit e or m rt he i ht s . wavi by pl a ng guit he unde sood t t he wa wavi hi rg t c lnge t i ng e di ly; rt ha s i ng s i ht o hale he Co n at s e ie c (n l ig t c an o c t d o te s ie s bsa c s t mmo we lh' vd n e icudn he h i f uso y f h ez d u tn e , he c rikae o a ay i, n a yohe is e p e o syr ie b hi c u e) h u eso dt e tf ts f n l ss a d n t r su s rviu l as d y s o ns l; e nd rt o he t r soft pl a ee e ,i l ng t n e em he ea gr m nt ncudi he m ndme oft c r s no one ha c r e hi nt he ha ge ; d oe c d m i o pl a nggu ly;a hewa volmt iy e e nt e di it nd s t arl nt dng a Alor pl abe a ehebe ive i wa i n f d e c us le d t s n hi be ti e e tt do s s s nt r s o o. Ba e o t eg it pe c lo u a d ted cl n sp e e td t ri t çj g f t sd n h uly la o lq y n h .o tme t r sn e heen, h ud e omd t tTafr ' g i ype wa vou tr a dl o ng Pu s a tt tep e a r e n ,hej g ha lo d s ul la s lna y n c wi . ru n o h la g e me t t ud e t n ? . e trd j g n a ans Tafr o No e e 4 2 3 c nvcig hm o . r e c t s o ' n ee ud me t g i t lo d n v mb r , 01 , o itn i ft e o mt f h dit i c ane fr tofe e a s ntncng hi t t ry yea si prs n,wih t nt ye r sdbutng oc i , is f ns , nd e e i m o hit r n io t we y a s s pe us nded.2 Ta f r ne l l a pr K peii f aa i ofha s c pus i t Su e e Cou of l o d xt ied o tton or wrt bea or n he pr m rt . Vigra ( c r No 1 01 ) wh c c nsnld t p tto a algn t s l nz ee r ii Re o d . 41 7 , ih o t e he ei n s l ig he e l l rd l i e n mb ' ' c am s li : A. Tra c i l ouns l was i f c i i f lng t i onn peii e nefe tve n aii o nf ttoner t t t ha he e de e c ek had f le i1a woul no be a e t t tf a hi ti l vi nc l r al n 1 nd d t bl o esiy t s ra ; 2 Tafr ddn ta pe lh j d me t Heh d erirSlda a p a 9o tetilc u t d na o hs lo d i o p a te u g n. a al e n p e l m h ra o r' e il f i e s poton f bond a motont r onsde . AAe t guit pla t Cour ofAppe sofVigi ar a edTaf d' i or nd i o ec i r r he ly e , he t al r ni nt lor s m o i t wihdr t a ala dim is d i i M a c 2014. tons o t aw he ppe nd s s e t n r h 4 A . peii r a lgedl woul notha pl a d guly i he ha kno t t ttone le y d ve e de it f d wn ha t e de e ce kwoul no bepr e f ti l a he vi nc lr d t es nt or ra ; nd B. Tralc m s lwa i f c i i f lng t a k t Comm onwe 1h t nole i ot e s nefe tve n aii o s he at o l pr eq hi c r a tr peii r i tu t d hi t do s pe ii r os ui s ha ges fe ttone nsr c e m o o; ttone al ge t tt c r s s dha be n dim is d bas on t e de e le s ha he ha ge houl ve e s s e ed he vi nc ce k' t vaia lt a t Com monwe lh' r uli i biiy t lr s ma lbiiy nd he at s es tng na lt o e t bls t c i ofc t y. sa ih he han usod The Supr m eCour ofVigi a dimis d Taf d' ha aspeii i ade aied o de aswihout e t r ni s s e lor s be tton n tl r r t m e i a de e hi pe ii f r hen ' rt nd ni d s tton or e nng. , I li tmey fldpeii n fram i o ha e sc r ust e 2 U. C.j2 5 ,Taf r n l i l e tto o s t f b a op md r 8 S. 2 4 lo d alge t f l ngntmbeedg ol f rle 3( e.5,7,8,ECF No 1) le s he olowi l r ' lnds or eif P t r .: . 1 . Coms lwa i fe tv be a s hetod geiin rhe wa a fe ma t e s nefcie c u e i l p tto e ) s ' e n. t r Het l leiin rhe wo l g tu t lf o e c c ln. Hewi hed od tto e 1 ud e p o ie n a h olt t l h if r to He n v rt l ( eiin r t e k y win s t t e ie e n o main. e e od p tt e ) h e te s o he vd nc o wo d nott siy be us ofm e c lis sN ul e tf ca e dia sue . , 4 2. The pr ec or c os ut omm itd m ic te s onduc by not movi t dim is t ng o s s peiin rsc ag sa d c ni igt t r s l 'pei o rf ragtlype t o e ' h r e n o t n o l e s 1' tt ne o z t la t nu p i i e e a trt e tilj g e cu e e ie c l ls te e d nc cek v n fe h ra ud e x l d d vd n e l e s h vie e lr n c d t tf a til t pr e ut r di m ove t dim is a t r oul esiy t ra ' he os c o d , o s s ho he de e ntsc r sbas ont c e k' t vaiabiiy. f nda ' ha ge ed he l r s ma l lt 3 . Th p o e u o , p tto e' a tr e , a t til j g s o d e r s c t r eiin rs to n y nd he ra ud e h we ç n r f sin l m'b c u ea1tr el e (h e i e c ceklc u d ' t p o e so ai ' e a s 1 h e c w t e v d n e lr o l n t u s n t siy b t( r)s a n n ' a o tpeiin rta i a pe ' c t e e tf , u wee o d ma t' b u t o e t kng la' oms l t t ' s o l ha a vs d p tto e t e cek c u d n ttsiy a tej d e h u d ve d ie eii n r h lr o l o e t , nd h u g f 3 I a dto t t nl ee camsi hsj2 5 p tto i et Tafr sae hi beifta hsbia il n d i n o he t rd li n i 2 4 ei n t l lo d tts s le h t i rca i mb i s maraeadhslann dsbite avreyafce hscs i u pei dwa .Heas sb t noe 9o rig n i erig ia lis d esl fetd i ae n ns cfe ys i lo u mis ts m oh rj i imae ,cammgta t e ie c l k rk y ha b e ft i ap rig lta rSu e' srke te al n ts li h t he vd n e oc e e d e n omd n akn o qe ld rs to , s si a t rc le t t c n ofcusod oft dr . Taf d doe no pos t e algato ascli s ugge tng no he halnge o he hai ' t y he ugs lor s t e hes le ins am frrl ta tecutd e n tc ntu te a s h.Moevr Tafr d e ntdmo srt ayyo n o o eil nd h o r o s o o sre h m s uc e roe, lod os o e ntae n u d n w hih t sc tc d c i rt se de et thene rs itdt t sat c ti s c hi our oul onsde hi vi nc ha ve ubm te o he t e our n uppor ofhi cl st r . t s amz he e S eCulnv Pih ltr 5 2 U..7 ,1 0 8 (01 )(i tn fd rlh b a c u te s n bln s rve un e j e l . n ose, 6 S 1 0 8 - 1 2 1 l ig e ea a e s o r rao a e es e iw d r e mi 2 5 4)t therc r t twa beo etesaec mrl I a y e e t t c u tcnn tc n ev o a ygrl fr 2 4d o i e od ha s fr h tt o . n n v n,he o r a o o c ie f n omd o t rl f nd rj2 4aiigfo te ealg to si l h o terc r a awh l. ei u e 25 rsn rm h s le ain n i t f h e o d s oe e g 4 l a atac e t t pe ii , Talo d bl n n t hm nt o he tton f r amescouns lf miladi hi i o bele nghi c s wo d e or se ng m nt ivi s a e ul bedimis d a t n c r i hi i o pla ng guit s s e nd he oe cng m nt e di ly. 5 ) s d ha g a e peii r sm oto t d s is i t a e e ofa houl ve r nt d ttone ' i n o im s n he bs nc ny o jcinfo t ep o e u in. b e to r m h r s c to 5 R e ponde m oves t di m i s Taf d' ha a c am s a pr ed al ba r d and/ s nt o s s lor s be s l i s oc ur ly re or wihoutm e i,a Talor ha r s nde t t moton. The c thasalo r viwe r c ds t rt nd f d s e po d o he i our s e e d e or fo t BrsolCic tCour a t Supr me Cour ofVigi a. r m he it r ui t nd he e t r ni I. I t( fdealc tma notga awrtofha sc pust apettone i saec t 1Aq e r our y ' nt i r bea or o ii r n tt usody lnls t peii ne hasfr te use hi sa er medisby pr en i hi c am st t hi s l e s he tto r ls xha t d s tt e e es tng s l i o he ghe t Sae c tt' Ba r v. Co c r n 2 0 F.d 2 6 28 (t Ci.20 0 (ii' 28 U. C. tt ou ' ke r o a , 2 3 7 , 8 4 h r 0 ) ctn g S. j2 5 () 1;O' u l n v.Bo r k l 5 6 U. 8 8 8 2 ( 9 9 To me tt e e ha sin 2 4b () S li va e c e, 2 S. 3 , 4 1 9 $. e h x u to r quie nt a pe ii rç tha pr s nt t t sa e c tbo h t ope ai f c sa t e r me , ttone G mus ve e e ed o he tt bur t he r tve a t nd he c nr li lg lp icpls' Ka iv Ang ln , 0 F.d 4 7 5 - 2 (t Ci.2 0 )(ne n l o to l e a rn i e . s . eo e 3 0 3 8 , 010 4h r 0 2 itr a ng ' q tto mak a dctto o t d .E cam t a h sno be np e e tdt t ehg e tsae uoain r s n i in mit ) W li h t a t e r s n e o h ih s tt a e c tne rhees m a bete t d a e use i i i cea t tt c am woul bepr e laly our ve t l s y r a e s xha t d f t s l r ha he l i d oc dtr l ba r d unde sa e1w i t pettone a tm ptd t pr s nti t t sae c t' Ba r 220F. re r t t a f he ii r te e o e e t o he i t our. ke , ' 3d a 28 (i n Gr yv Neh ra d, 1 U. 1 2, 61( 9 6) t 8 ct g a . teln 5 8 S. 5 1 1 9 ). i Repo d n a misi a Taf r s cam 1 i e ha se a rq ge u d r j2 4() 1 s n e t d t h t lo d' li s x u td s e u d n e 25 b () be aus Ta f r pr s nt t s cai t t Supr c e lo d e e ed hi l m o he eme Cour of Vigi a i hi sa e ha s t r ni n s t t bea pe iin. Re ponde a gu s howe r t tTaf d' c am s2 and 3 i t f r pe ii n a e tto s nt r e , ve , ha lor s l i n he ede al tto r pr d a l ba r f om f de a ha asr vi w ,bec us he ne rpr s nt t s c e i t oce ur ly r ed ' r e r l be e e a e ve e e ed he e ont ntons o t Supr m e Co tofVig ni The co ta e t tTalor d d no pr s ntcl m s2 a 3 t he e ur r i a. ur gr es ha f d i t e e ai nd o 5 I teatc me tot peii , Tafr c ne st to S pe e 1 , 01 ,h tilud emildhm n h ta h n t he tton lod o tnd ha n e tmb r 1 2 3 te ra j g se i it wavn hss e d tilrg t b sai t tteewo d b n tili t j d e ft p tto rsR ae n o iig i p e y ra ihs y tt ha h r ul e o ra f he u g omd ei ne' c s ng i ia misbe'b tatrgrni temoini lmie t j d ed nidTafr smoint ds s.( t 1 ) n d sil' u fe a t h to n i n ,he u g e e lod' to o imis Pe. 5. ; ng 6 t Supr m e Cour ofVigi a a r uie f e usi n. Be a e he kne t f t ne e s r he e t r ni s eq r d or xha to c us w he acs c s a y t t s cai whe he fl d li pdo sa e peii t sa e c two d now fnd t m o he e l ms n ie ls r t t tton, he tt our ul i he pr ée a l ba r unde Vigi a s sa u e pr o dl ly red r r ni ' tt t oMbii s c sve ha as pe ii . Se Va. tng uc es i be ttons e Co eAn .j8016 4( ()(t wtts al eg a td o t b sso a y alg to o f cso d n . - 5 B)2 : No i h l b r ne n he a i f n le ain f a t f wh c peiin rh d k o e g a t e t o iln a y p e iusp tto .) S e Gr y 51 ih t o e a n wld e t h i f i g n rv o eiin' . e a , 8 t me ' U..a 1 2 ( od n t a cam bnrd b Va Cod An j8016 4 B)2 wa ç o c n z bl S t 6 h li g h t li re y . e n. . - 5 ( ( ) s t t og ia e n i fdea s tf t m i' . n e rl ui or he t' ) Ta f r spr e a l defuled cai 2 a 3 G y s lo d' oc dur ly a t l ms nd i ma uppor f de alha asr lefo y i t e r be e i nl f ge d mo srtsc u ef rt d futa d p eu iefo t a s re er r,,6 uo ev. j, h j e n tae a s o he ea l n rj dc r m he s etd ro . us sel 5 7 U. 51 ,5 6 ( 0 ) To s o c u e Taf r mu ti e tf t o t n e tr a t t e 4 S. 8 3 20 6 . h w a s , lo d s d niy t mehig x en l o h s pei o r s mehn t a c n tfil beatiu e t hm (h t ...i d d (ilef rst t ine, o t ig h t n no ary trb td o i taj t mpe e h s fo t o c mpy wih te S ae sp o e u a r l. Coe n v Th mps n 5 U. 7 2,7 3 ( 9 1 o l t h tt ' r c d r l ue' lma . o o , 01 S. 2 5 1 9 ) ' (nena q tto ma k a dctto so te ) lo dh sn tagt d a yc u ef rhi fiu e itr l uoain r s n iain mitd .Taf r a o r z n a s o s alr e t pr e c am s2 a 3 t t sa ecou t,7a t co tfndsnone. The e or ,t c tmus o es nt l i nd o he tt rs nd he ur i r f e he our t dimi sc am s2 a 3 oft peii aspr e lal bm e fom f de a ha asr vi w. s s li nd he tton oc dtr ly d r e r l be e e Th fn a na mic nig o j sie i a n ro e c pin t te c u e rq ie n, w ee a e u d me tl sa a e f u tc s ar w x e to o h a s e urme t r co tmtonalvi a i haspr bl r s td i t convito ofone who i ç t ly i nsi i olton oba y e ule n he cin s acual nnoce 'oft s tntve nt he ubsa i o ne'Rih n v Pok 37 F.d3 9 3 3(t Ci. 0 4 (y t Drtev Hae,5 U. 3 6 3 3(0 0. le s- cmo d . l, 5 3 0 , 2 4h r2 0 )q oi ek . lv 41 S. 8 , 9 2 0 ) ' ng To o n ti po e u a g twa t sclete aj dcto o hsohe ie p o e t al d ful d cam,Rh pe hs rc d rl ae y o et h du iain f i t m s r c dl ly ea t li te r r e p tto e mus s o t tii moel eyta n th tn rao bejlo wo dh vec n itdhi i telg t f eiin r t h w ha t s r i l h n o ta o e sna l t r ul a o vce m n h ih o k r (o lne e ie e' S hu v Deo 51 U.. 98 3 ( 9 5 .Tafr a srsta h i in c n.Hed e n t s me w vd nc . c lp . l, 3 S 2 , 27 1 9 ) lod se t h t e s n o e t ' os o pr e ne e de e,howeve , o s es nt w vi nc r t uppor acolr bl s ng ofacua i e et t o a e howi t l nnoc nc mdert Sc up sa r s a he hl t nda d o s t ope t tgae y t c i r ton ofhi defule cl ms Ashe rcognied a t tmehe e e ed i o t pla o n ha twa o onsde ai s a td ai . e z t he i ntr nt he e ape ement t Co , he mmonweat ha s ce evi nc t co c hi a til i l ng tsi o fom t 1h d um int de e o nvit m t ra, ncudi e tm ny r he co de ili or v nta nf manta vi o de ctngt t e diti i ofcoc ne. nd de pi i he hr e srbutons ai 1 Se Bur tv. An eo e 2 F.d 1 2y1 3n1 (t Ci 2 0 )(mdngta a p tto e b asb r e e ke g ln , 08 3 7 8 .0 4h n'0 0 f i h t s ei n r e r u d n i t riec u ea dp eu ieo a ta in c n e ac u t e dn tc n ie ete i n t setdb peiin r. o as a s n rj dc r cu ln o e c , o r n e o o sd r i r f o a sre y tt e) h o 7 IH . To obt i f de alha a r le ,peii r mus de onsr t t the i 'n c t i an e r be s e if ttone t m ta e ha s G usody n i voain o t e Co siui n o lws o te te o t Uni d Sae . 28 U. C.j 2 4( ilto f h n t to r a r rais f he t tt s' t b ' S. 25 $. Und r28U.. j 2 5 ( h we e , h f d rlh be sc u tma n tg a ta wrto h be s e SC. 2 4 *, o v r t e e ea a a o r y o rn i fa a c r usb sdo a ycam t tasaec u t e ie o t meisH ls t ta j d c to o p a e n n li ha tt o r d èd d n he rt n e s ha du iain: ( ) r s le i a d cso t a wa c n rr t ,o iv l e a l ra o be 1 e utd n e iin h t s o tay o r n o v d n l e s na l n a ia i of cla l esa ihe Fede all w,as dee m i by t Supr me pplc ton , e ry t bls d r a t r ned he e Cour o t Unie St t s or t f he t d a e ; ( )r s tdi ad cso ta wa b s d o a l r a o be d tr n to o te 2 eul n e iin h t s a e n n l e s na l eemiain f h e n f t i lghtoft e de epr e e i t Stt c 'pr ee ng. acs n i he vi nc es ntd n he a e out oc di t 2 U. C.j 2 4 d ;s e as W il msv.Ta lr 5 U. 3 2 4 3 1 ( 0 ) i ee a 8 S. 25 () e lo li n y o , 29 S. 6 , 0 - 3 20 0 . t r, s n he e t sat c tsa ia i ofgove n ng f der l1w i c lnge i mus be s wn t be r , he t e our' pplc ton r i e a a s hale d, t t ho o n to l er n o , u o j ciey t e s n b e' Yab r ug v Ge tv 5 0 U. 1 5( 0 3 . o ny ro e us b t b e tv l mra o a l . r o o h . n r , 4 S. , 2 0 ) ' Un e t i sa d r ,ç a sae c u tsd tr n to t a a cam lc mei prcu e f d rl d r hs tn ad G j tt o r' ee miain h t li a ks rt e ld s e ea l h be srle s ln a fimid dj dssc ud d s ge o t e c re t e so t e sae c u ts a a eif o o g s ar n e u t o l ia r e n h o rcn s f h tt o r' d cso ' Harnr nv. c tr 5 2U.. 6 1 ( 01 )( mit i tr l u tto s. e iin. riko Rihe , 6 S 6 , 01 2 1 o ti nena q o ain ) ' t ng To sa e a c tt to lcai f i feci as it nc pe ii rm us s tsy a t tt onsiui na l m or ne f tve ssa e, ttone t aif wo- p o t s bys wig( )Gh tc l e' p ro ma c wa d f e t'a d ( )Gha t ed t e t r ng e t ho n 1 i a oms ls ef r n e s ekin ' n 2 ç t h ekin t t p ro ma c p eu ie t ed fn e' S rc ln , 66U.. t6 6 8 . Peiine mus o ec me e fr n e rj dc d h e e s . tik a d 4 ' S a 8 - 7 tto r t v ro & sr û tong pr sl pton' t t c t els t tc l de ii ns d i t r pr s nt i n we e a e lm i ' ha o ms ' aci a c so urng he e e e ato r r a o a l c mpee t a t c u tma a j d e c t e' p roma c d fce to l wh n e s n by o tn, nd he o r y du g o msls e fr n e eiin ny e peii r de onsi t s t t tn lghtof a1t cr lm sa es t i ntled acs o omi sons ttone m ta e ha t i i 1 he icl t nc , he de i t r si we e outi t wi r r sde he de ange ofpr f sonaly c peen a ssa e. I a 689o es i l om t t s it nc ' d. t ' 90. Eve i n f peii r ca e tbls de ii nt peror nce unde t s hi sa r r le r m ans ttone n sa ih fc e f ma r hi gh tnda d, e if e i t va lbl t es he as s ma ia e ml s lo hows a G e s na e pr û a o bl obabiiy' t t b f c ms ls ew r ,t r lt ' ha , ut or ot e ' z s he 8 ouc tome oft pr e ng woul ha be n difrnt J a 694- To sae a cam t t he oc edi d ve e fee . és t 95. tt li ha c ms lsalege e r o omi son 1d hi t e e a i i g ly pla,t def nda mus ot e ' l d ror r s i e m o nt r n nvald uit e he e nt t s w :a r as bl pr biiy t t butf c t e ' e r s he woul no ha pl de gu ly ho 1 e ona e oba lt ha, or o ms ls ror , d t ve ea d it a d wo l ha e isse o g i g t til' Hilv.Lo k a t 4 4 U. 5 ,585 ( 9 5 . Th n ud v n itd n on o ra. l ' c h r, 7 S. 2 - 9 1 8 ) e c tmus de r le i pe ii ne f l t e t bls e t roft Stiklnd pr . 466 U . a our t ny e if f tto r ais o sa ih ihe he rc a ongs S. t 697. Appl ng t s e tbls d f de al co tt i l sa ds t Supr m e Co t o yi he e sa ihe e r nsiutona t ndar , he e ur f Vigi a f md t t Taf r s cai r ni ot ha lo d' l m (le i c t e' fiu e t il algng omsls alr o rbnn hm o Sud rs t i f l e' t v i bit )h dn mei' ma al l y a o rt a i . The Cour hol t tt sca m s tsi net rt t ror a e'nort t ds ha hi li a ifes ihe he G f m nc ' pe he ç rj d c 'pr n o t et - r ts e u cae i Src ln (1 Th rc r , t eu ie' o g f h wopat e t n n itd n tika d . e e o d p i udi t c r ui cour' or ra t tilta c i ,r vea t tt e de e ncl ng he ic t ts de nd he ra r ns rpt e l ha he vi nc c e k wa i tal una l e d t il s , o t siy a peii ne ' t l Bàs d l r s nii ly vaiabl, ue o lne s t e tf t tto rs da . e on t ce k' t vaia lt de e e co ms lfl am oto i lm i t e l he lr s ma lbiiy, f ns t e ed i n n i ne o xcude t a ison oft polce de rme ' e de e 1 t esa ih ' c i (f he dm s i he i pa t nts vi nc og o t bls t ha n l he c t ofs ve a pi c ofe de e. The m o i wa gr nt d. On t da e of usody e r l e es vi nc ton s a e he t ti l howeve ,t c e k waspr s nta a e t t tf t e t bls t c i o ra , r he i r e e nd bl o esiy o sa ih he han f c t usody. Thus peii ne has f ie t de onsr t t t c t e ' pe f m a e , tto r a ld o m tae ha o ms ls ror nc wa de ii nt or t t t r i a r as bl pr biiy t t bu f c s fc e ha he e s e ona e oba lt ha , t or ouns ' els a lged e r s he woul ha pl de notguit wo d ha pr ee d t til le ror , d ve ea d ly, ul ve oc de o ra , a t out nd he come o t pr ee ng w o dha be n dif r nt f he oc di s ul ve e f e e . ( u Ct Va Or e 2 J n. 4, 01 , No 1 . Afe i o rviw o t r c r ,hi c u t S p. . . d r , a 1 2 5 ECF . 5) tr t wn e e f he e o d t s o r s c n ld st tt esaec u tsa j dc to o t i cam wa n tc nrr t , ra I e s n be o cu e ha h tt o r' d u iain f hs li s o o ta y o o n mr a o a l a iaton of esa ihed f de a 1 w a wasno bas o a l e ona e dee mi to of pplc i , t bls e r l a nd t ed n n mr as bl tr nai n t f c s The e or t c tmus gr n t m oton t dim is a t c am 1,purua t he a t . r f e, he our t a t he i o s s s o li s pt o j2 5 ( . 2 4* l rs n e pons t t m oto t dim is Taf d a gue t tt Supr me Co tofVigi a e o he i n o s s , lor r s ha he e ur r ni a r s pde ha mii e pr t d hi i e d ha a cli s Suc c l i w o d notbe nd e po nt ve snt r e e s nt nde be s am . h onfl on ul s s pzsng. Ta f r s sa e peii c it of a ha s f m wih a a tc d,ha wrte ur i i lo d' t t tton onssed bea or t n ta he nd- itn 9 lte wih no pa a a e tr t r gr phs or cai nlm be s pr di a r m blng na i of e s a l m l r , ovi ng n i natve vent nd c ompl i s l lghtofTaf d' c r ntal ga i ,t c tlbe a l c tu hi i e d ant . n i lor s ur e le tons he our i r ly onsr es s nt nde ha as c am t be i he ha known o Se e r 11 201 t t M s Sl r woul be be l i o : f d n pt mbe , 3, ha . ude d una ia e i hew e t ti lon Se e r 1 t orgi ly s he uld ti da hewoul not va lbl f nt o ra pt mbe 2, he i na l c d e ral y, d ha wa ve hi rg t a s ed til a wo d ha pr e t ti las s he ed. He ve i d s i ht o pe y ra nd ul ve oce ded o ra c dul f rh rc mpan t a li c t e a t ej g b t mild hm it d cdn t po to et e u te o lis h t l oms l nd h ud e oh se i n o e i ig o sp n h s til c t e t l lm h wo db ae ma ,a dt j g p o s dt eewo dben til f ra: oms l o d l e ul e e n n he ud e r mie h r ul i o ra i he f md t e de was i dm isbl D'rng t pe i whie ti was dea d,Sl r ol he vi nce na s i e. li he rod l ral lye ude r c r d,a wih he t tmony a ia e o Nove r4,2013,t a l a iso of t e ove e nd t r esi va lbl n mbe o low dm s i n he dr gs Taf d f l tike i o wavi hi s e ti rg s a a ce i t pl ba gan, u , lor et rc d nt i ng s pe dy ral iht nd c ptng he ea r i at lhough hecli d heha notditi ed c a neasaleg i t i cm e . a me d srbut oc i l ed n he ndi t nt The co tfndsno me' t t scli . çl i we ls te t tavol ar a i elge ur i zt o hi am Gt s l etl d ha i unt y nd nt li nt pla of guit ofalac us d pe s n,who hasbee a s d by c e ly l c e ro n dvie ompee c tnt ouns l ma notbe e, y c laeal atc d' Untd Sae v Br c , 8U. 5 3 5 4 ( 9 9 ( mit ctto ) o ltrly ta ke . ie tts . o e 48 S. 6 , 7 1 8 ) o ti iai n . ' ng ( g lyplarpr e sabr k i t c i o eve t whih ha pr c d i i Aq uit e e esnt ea n he han f n s c s e ede t n t c i i lpr es .W he a c i i lde e ntha s e y a itd i ope he rm na oc s n rm na f nda s ol mnl dm te n n c tt the i i f tg ly èft ofe e wih wli h he i c r d,he ma not our ha s n ac uit he f ns t lc s ha ge y t r fe r ie i pe nt dai s r a i t t de i ton of c tt i l he ea tr a s nde nde m eltng o he prva i onsiutona dght t toc uredprort t e r oft guly pl . s ha c r i o he nty he it ea To lt v.He es n,41 U. 2 ,26 ( 9 3 . Th fc t a Taf r dd n ta mi h sg i let nd ro 1 S. 58 7 1 7 ) e a t h t lo d i o d t i ul t whe e e n nt dng hi pl a doesnotc nge t f c t tby e e i t Alor pl ,he kno ngl s e ha he a t ha nt rng he f d ea wi y a volmtrl wai dt ti rght t thenow s e t rc r 400U. a 37.Thej nd t aiy ve he rai i s ha e ks o e ove . S. t udge' s a lgedl m il di sae e sdudng t Se e r201 he ng a hi de aloft moton le y sea ng t tm nt he pt mbe 3 mi nd s ni he i t dim is t i c me pr e d Taf d' vald guly pla. Thus t r Tole t t co o s s he ndit nt ec de lor s i it e , mde lt, he urt 10 f ds t t by e edng t pla,Ta f d wave hi rghtt pur ue ha as c am s c e i m ha, nt he e lor i d s i o s be l i onc m ng t s e nt . he e ve s M or ove ,t co tc l s t tt s ue e ofe nt i t s c s doesno s ppor e r he ur oncude ha he eq nc ve s n hi a e t u t any c am of i fe tve as it nce of c ms . Eve i Ta f d c d pr li ne f c i ssa ot el n f lor oul ove t t co el ha uns pero m e beow a a ce a e pr e so l sa r by o r ttng t lkelhood t t a1 fr d l n c ptbl of s i na t nda d ve sa i he i i ha 1 cha ge woul be dimis d ba e on Sl rst val biiy i Se e be a Oc obe ,Ta f r r s d s se s d ude ' ma ia lt n pt m r nd t r lo d c n o s o r s li p eudc a rq ie t p e alo a Srcca cam. Th e ie c a n t h w e utng rj ie s e ur d o r v i n til nd li l e vd n e agans Taf d, e i t lor ven wihout admison of t c i is l, wa s t nta . He f is t t si he ocane t ef s ubsa i l al o de monsr t a r as ta e ny e onabl lkelhood t ati on Se e r 1 201 woul ha r ule i ei i hat ral pt mbe 2, 3, d ve es td n c ompl t a ta ort tt o r l s nt ncng out ome woul ha bee m or f vor bl t ee cquitl ha he ve al e e i c d ve n e a a e o hi t n t r duc c r a pa taly s pe d s nt nc he a hive t o h t pl a m ha he e ed ha ges nd ri l us nde e e e c e d hr ug he e agr e e i Nove r201 I i t s e t ti co c e a ti lo onl one c r of e m nt n mbe 3. t s mdiputd ha f nvit d t ra n y ha ge diti i ofc i t r ofens ,Taf d wo d ha f c a manda o y m i m lm s ntnc srbuton ocane, hid f e lor ul ve a ed t r ni z e e e o 30 yea s i prs a co d ha r eve a lf s ntnc Talor f ist de onsr t a f r n ion nd ul ve ec i d ie e e e. f d a l o m ta e ny r as bl pr biiy t tt o r l out ome woul ha be n be trf rhi ,a e com s ls e ona e oba lt ha he ve al c d ve e te o m bs nt t e ' al ge e r i a sng Ta f r t wa ve hi s ed ti lrg i ho s t tt m oton t le d ror n dvii lo d o i s pe y ra i ht n pe ha he i o ds s te idcme two d b g a td. Ac o dn l,Taf r h sn ts o p eu iet e imis h n it n ul e r ne c r i gy lo d a o h wn rj dc md r Stil nd. rcda 11 I . V Fort r a ons sa ed,t co twilg a t m oto t dim is An a oprae o de he e s tt he ur l r nt he in o s s . ppr i t r r wile e t sda l nt r hi y. The Cl r i dieced t s nd c e o t s me or ndum o ni a a compa ng e k s r t o e opi s f hi m a pi on nd c nyi o de t pe ii ra t c ms lofr c d f r s r r o ttone nd o ot e e or or e ponde . nt y y 6. EN TER: Thi l X da ofM a , 201 s 0 CI Unie S ae DititJ g / td tts src ud e 12
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