Agee v. Barksdale, No. 7:2015cv00367 - Document 14 (W.D. Va. 2016)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Michael F. Urbanski on 6/14/2016. (slt)
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CLERK' OFFI U. . SI COURT S CE S DI AT > NOG , VA FIED L J l5 2 1 UN 25 I THE UNI N TED STATES DI STRI COURT BY CT JU : FOR THE W ESTERN DI STRI OF VI CT RGI A NI ROANOKE DI I ON V SI JO N A TH AN A SH LEY A G EE, Pett oner, ii ' C, U , CL ERK CL ERK C i lAc i N o.7: c 00 vi t on 15- v- 367 M EM O M N DU M O PI I N N O By: EARL BARK SDALE, R espondent . H o M i hae F. bans n. c l Ur ki U ni e St esD i t i tJudge t d at src J t n As e Age a Vigi aprs ne pr e ng pr K ,sl d ape ii f awrtof ona ha hl y e, r ni io r oc edi o e tton or i h b a c r u pzs a tt 2 U. C. 2 5 t c l n etesn e c si o e b t Cic i a e s o p s l u n o 8 S. j 2 4 o hal g h e tn e mp s d y he ru t r e Cout f M ont om e y Count ' or t g r y.Re po n tl d am o i t dim is a Peii ne r s s nde t ie ton o s s , nd tto r e ponded, m acng t ma trrpef diposton.Afe r vi wi t r c d,t c tg a st m o i t li he te i or s ii tr e e ng he e or he our r nt he ton o dimi sa dim is t ha speii s s nd s s es he bea tton. 1. ? k. W hieade y o t Fr nkln Count She rf butno i unio m,Peii rd oveli l put f he a i y rif t n fr ttone r ls polc c rfom Fr n i Co y,Vigi a,i o a ga s ai spa l 1 i Roa ie a r n kln unt r ni nt s tton' rdng ot n nokeCiy, t Vigi a a a oxi t l 11: am . M a 30,2011.Pe ii ne t e t c r spolc lght r ni, t ppr ma ey 28 . on y tto r um d he a ' ie i s on, c a tva e t c r sdas a ,a pa ke ne rJ r Age hi e wie.J l sl t whi h c i t d he a ' hc m nd r d a emy e, s x- f emy' as wor we e ç-e' goi t s tmey a s wa c d Pe ii re tt c ra c ry a M 4 ds r , sl s ng o hoo l ' s he t he ttone xi he a nd a r n ' Car ne s m ia o a i as a trf e t a d he . J nny had no c nce t es pe s r bi e - ut m tc s ul il ow r r e ha o ca , ur ounde by d pa ke c r and ahi h c r t wala wih Pe ii ne a hi as a trfe ffee f e a y. r d as g onc e e l nd t tto r nd s s ul il i t n e t wa Agee v. Barksdale Doc. 14 Pe ii rs tJ r y e g tm es The m os lkel f t ls w a i he ba k. Bys a r ttone ho e m i ht i . t i y a a hot s n r c t nde s a t ga s a i n w a c Pe ii rw a k ba k t hi polce c r a drve a a be or nz hi t t he s t to t hed ttone l c o s i a nd i w y f e s ng o ai J nny. De piet i be te f t,J nny wa pr d e s t her s fors e s onounc d de d be or noont tSaur y of e a f e ha t da M e o i lD a w ee nd i 201 m ra y ke n 1. Dockets.Justia.com Alo by noon, igi aSt t PolceSe ge ntM a t w Br nnoc wa r t mi hom e s V r ni a e i r a the n k s eut ng fom hi s f t cee a ehi t ry- i h bit y wih hi pa e s wie,a t c l e whe r s hit o lbr t s hit sxt rhda t s r nt , f nd wo hidr n n he s w Pe ii ne drvi t r hi i t o a tto r i ng owa d m n he ppost dieci aong r e460. Sgt Br nnoc ie r ton l out . n k i mmedit l t ne a ound a plruedhi . Sg . amoc f l d Pe ii ne ,bumpe t a ey ur d r nd zs m t Br r k olowe tto y ro bumpe ,a Peii rwe d t o h de eholda ta fco I e sa e 81i M on gome y r s ttone ave hr ug ns i y r fi n nt r tt n t r Count Vigi a,a s edsup t 1 mie pe hour y, r ni t pe o 20 ls r . Sgt Br . nnnoc pule al i Peii rwhe ta ûcbrel cea e Pe ii rsc r k ld ongsde ttone n rf ity l r d. ttone ' a s des i Sgt Br nnoc sc ,bu Pe ii rr ga ne c r a s oppe t c r q c y. Sgt i w ped . a k' ar t ttone e i d ontol nd t d he a ui kl . Br nnoc s c r how e r s i f rhe do n t i e s a e,s o ng a r st r ghtl ne w ih is n k' a , ve , ld ' t r w he nt r t t t ppi c os he i a u t t tur t r t gua d r la ishood t r t m e a gi ng Pe ii ne f 1sg oft r l owa d he r ai nd t k owa d he di n, vi tto r u1 i ht he drve s de door i ri . Ass n ashi c rsoppe SgtBr nnock r poredt dipa c gr bbedhi pit , nd oo s a t d, . n e t o s t h, a s sol a ope d t d i rsdoori f l vi w ofPe ii ne . Sgt Br nnoc e a ne ne he rve ' n ul e tto r . a k xpli d: I s M r A ge a r dy pos e up,pi t e pe f c .... Y o a e ta ne t ee . e lea td c ur r e t u r ri d o sa dwhe y u r s o t a a o j c.Ime np re tf nnain . . wih tn n o 'e h oi t n b e t ng a ef c o to . . t a r fe. I s w t t i w a a M - 6 or M - t r fe,a he w a a r dy il a ha t s n 1 4 ype il nd s lea saine a t drve' sdelf c ne po ton ofhi polc c r ( rte tto d t he i rs i e t or r ri s ie a . The il q waspoi e a me. Ilne whe ...Is w M r Age sa ng t r .... t nt d t c w n a . e t ndi he e a t tmomen t thi i e i nswe et kilm e .... ha t ha s nt nto r o l A s s on a I m ade t t n t ge out o m y ca ,I s w M r A ge s a ng o s he ur o t f r a . e t ndi t r and t s s r ng out And 1i e a el d ke bac i o t c r he e he hot a . mm dit y uc d k nt he a . And I r m e r he i t r md hi t wi hil a c e mbe arng he ot t he nds e d nd ome rg i ht t ough t door....And my i ta t hr he nii l hough was & gott ge t he k o t ,ç I o t he c ut o he ey be a e t s swe esilc i G-he a e notsoppi ' I' f r ' c us he hot r tl om ng, t- y r ' l t ng. ts ' no lke one s a t n tme lps . I' onç rghtafe t ot r.... ti hot nd he i a es ts i tr he he The e' pl nt of1 w enf c m e of i a st tca t s iy t ti' t w or t r s e y a or e nt fci l ha n e tf ha t s he s pos i e poston. M r Age ha t upperha a t adva agefom t sbl ii . e d he nd nd he nt r he w or go. d So 1 f l bac i t c r a tid t sa tt c r a f s el k n he a nd re o t r he a nd or ome r as n i e o t w oul t s a t.... And i t m e ntm e, I c d s il he r t r m ds dn' t r n he a i oul tl a he ot 2 hit g te c r a d h a ig t g n h t. . (t wa isa t d ah i I ti h a n e rn he u s o s . . Iq s n tn e t f n s e d ou s de t ca ,s m y onl ot opton w a t go o t pas e r t ppe t i he r o y her i so ut he s nge s de door .... i Thee' a lpt c r s a op omputri r,t r s us ly a amr s,alt r da e hee hee' ual n r et 1 he a r m o i a r di ,a a1 t t suf . I' a c i d a ea e n f r a untng nd a os nd 1 ha t f ts onfne r ve o nor sz pe s n,a 1m notanor lsz pe s obvi usy,s Iknew mal i e r o nd ' ma ied r on o l o t tmy a lt t ne i e ge tng outoft sc rwa goi t be a t s i ha biiy o gotat ti hi a s ng o ak n a o is l .... nd f t ef Ast s swe e rngi ou a 1c d he rt m hitng t c r.... I he hot r i ng t nd oul a he ti he a t ki off tlketm ewa so ng down f m e. And alhoug a ltlssuf nd el i i s l wi or t h 1 li t f ta s ie i j tamatro s c n s t mei f l l ta tmewa g i r n p rd n us te f e o d , o t et i h t i ke s ong ve y sow. And 1wa a et t nk a utho lc d pr o m y lf and r l s bl o hi bo w oul ol ng ie wha t e f t we e goi t be. ButId ar a smnied t f ctt t t he fecs r ng o ' le dy t s he a ha , bas on t num be of r ed he r ounds t t w e e c i i t c r t t 1 was ha r om ng h he a , ha p o a y g ig t de i te c r Ij s fg rd lwa . . An Iwa j t r b bl on o i n h a . u t iu e s .. d s us watng f eve yt ng t go bl c I fg e t t I di t k ii or r hi o a k. i ur d ha dn' now wha i tt woul be lke butIe so d you woul tha a t rt d i , nvii ne dn' ve no he hought lke i ,i t wo l j s g b a k.An s Ifgle t a i j tamatro tmei wo l ud u t o lc d o i t d h t n us r te f i t u d go bl k a Iwoul tha t bewori d ors a ed o a hi es .... ac nd dn' ve o re c r r nyt ng le As 1 c tnue my e t out o t pa s nge ' sde door I c d s t on i d xi f he s e rs i , oul ee he f brc a fbe s i sow m o i ast bule s a e comi i o t c r a I a i nd i r n l ton he lt r ng nt he a s ty t sa tg ng outt pa s ng r s sde door I wa tr iyi Idon' r o t r oi he s e e ' i . t s e rf ng. t lnow t t ni yi i a good e ug w o d t de c i i. But I fgur d I c hat e f ng s no h r o s rbe t i e woul di i t ca ,a 1ha hone ty ar dy gi n i t t tf t But d e n he r nd d sl lea ve n o ha ac. ne rt l s , 1 w as i t t fgh or fi e e e w he e I w a t yi t ve he e s n ha t lght l m nt r s r ng o pr e velf t be t1c d. es r ie he s oul AsIc os e t pa s nge ' sdes a a r ac d overt t pa s nge sde r s d he s e rs i e t nd e he o he s e r i doorha e a t e t tdoorope ...i f l lke s bod had hi m e ndl nd hr w ha n, t et i ome y t i t t g wih a bal pee ha e asha d a t y co d .... The pan n he hi h t l n mm r r s he ul i wa u beiv be. . I wa j ta Go a u p i . . 1dd tso t s n l a l . . t s us v d wf l an . . in' tp o l be aus r unds we e sil c ng i t ca ,butI putt a t ook c e o r tl omi n he r wo nd wo t t ra fgur d Id be n s . ogehe nd i e ' e hot Ne rhe e s lc i d outt pa s nge sde doo .... As Idi Iput ve t l s , ontnue he s e r i r d, my ha on t gr nd t b ac mys l a a t s m etm e 1wasa e t nds he ou o r e ef nd t he n i bl o l k o rm y s de a t y t fgur o w ha M r A ge w as do ng a t t oo ve houl r nd r o i e ut t . e i t ha pa tc a tm e be us t r r i ul r i ca e he ounds w e e s il co i i A nd - a l k r tl m ng n. s uc w oul ha i or f t w oul ha i,or t nk God i w or o t w a i d ve t a e d ve t ha t ked ut he y t di - . .i l d . t ooke lke M r A ge m a ha bee m e sng w ih hi g o d i . e y ve n s i t s un r doi s e hi ng om t ng. I s i d t t o e ze ha ppor uniy a ga he e m ys f up on m y t t nd t r d el h nd a g t o my fe a d i d aey j t r n twad t a s nd o n e t n mme itl us a o r s he gua d a l.... I ve be n i 1 w e or e e l ng e ugh t know i a m a rri ' e n a nf c m nt o no o f n 3 ha gota rfe a Ive go a pit ,lm no goi t wi t tfg . You s il nd ' t sol ' t ng o n ha i ht k o u tb t s e rnau eo t epefr n eo apit la dt d sa c n wj s y he h e t r f h roma c f so n he itn e t a wa c v rd Ime n i' j s c mmo sns t trfe i a wh l lt h t s o e e , a ts u t o n e e ha il s oe o be trwea a wel eq ppe t ha et st ton ass e d o ast s te pon nd l ui d o ndl he iua i pr a ut hi One. . . . . So lwas s itng down t e prn i he mbnnkme t r t te lne a nt owa ds he r e i , nd t r a t botom 1l tmy f i a f l on a pi c ofwood a m y he e t he t os ootng nd el ee nd m' s i knoc d t br ah outofm e .... Ifgu e M r Agee...woul m, o t ke he e t i rd . d c eup a fnih me of be us lm l ng rg t r hel e s....1wa om nd i s f ca e ' yi i ht he e pl s s a e t c t h my br ah. Ir - ser d my wea on ...a decded t ti bl o a c et e holt e p' nd i ha t woul be m y bes i e e t t ty t ge t hi r gr d t ntr s o r o t o ghe ound whe e I wa r s ca moufa d s e ta s he wo dn' be a e t pik m eoutase iy l ge om wha nd o ul t bl o c asl i Im sa i rghtt r i t wi o n. f ' t nd ng i he e n he de pe Att s pa tc a poi t pan i r a l li l i And I l a t s hi riulr nt he i s e ly ccdng n. ook t hi hili a undert nd t tt ts r a l t onl c nc t tIha t ge lsde nd sa ha ha ' e ly he y ha e ha ve o t a y ort c moufa mys l o ge i aposto whe e Ic n fr So t wa o a l ge ef r t n ii n r a ie. he beta 1c ud o myha d a dk e s I u tsat rb n o t t s te s s s ol n n s n n e, j s tr g a big n o he e r e and puli mys l up i o t te lne asf ras1c d. Att s m etme, lng e f nt he r e i a oul he n i I m he r ng t s s co e i t t e s be nd m e a I w a n' s e w ha ' a i he hot m n he r e hi , nd s t ur t wasg ng o .... It ug 1d ge s ti t ba k up on t r . And s 1 oi n ho ht ' t ho n he c he e o j s c n iu d u i t r a d g talt wa t o e o t o e hih y u t o tn e p n hee n o 1 he y o n f h s g wa m a ke f nc t tnm a o t i e s a e .... r r e es ha l ng he nt r t t OnceIr a d t tf nce lne Ikne a t tpa tc a poi Iwa hel es , e che ha e i w t ha riulr nt s pl s t a Iwa pr d b c u eb s d o t epana b i o to b e t a dj t ht s i me e a s a e n h i nd eng u f r ah n us c pl t y e us e 1 kne t t l c dn' ge ove t t f e. A nd I om e el xha t d, w ha oul t t r ha enc fgle j s h a ig ter u d c mig tr ug t te sta Ifl lk M r i t d u t e rn h o n s o n h o h he re h t et ie . r Ag ewa p o by c mi u i tewo d b hn me S I u tf t t e e s r ba l o ng p n h o s e id . o j s omd h big s te t t c ul a dI us tr e ao n a std wn . . g e tr e ha I o d n j t u n d r u d nd a o . . 1 tgur d I w oul s e w ha t pai w a a tl l c i f o ,a whe 1 i e d e t he n s c t y om ng r m nd al n l ooked down,Ic d s e t tmy pa swe e s l d on t sdewih bl oul e ha nt r oie he i t ood. AndIdi tr alzea t ttm et tIha a t a l be n s t c .... dn' e i t ha i ha d c u ly e hot wie Tha whol m o et ng a tho yo lf fa he be or youre sdi t t e vi hi bou w ur ie l s s f e ye dn' r aly ha n t m e Howe r 1t e l ppe o . ve , houghta boutmy li a t cds nd houghtt he t alt of t e nt.... 1t htabo m y ki a my wie a how ot iy he ve houg ut ds nd f nd t yl he ooked f wa d t m e c i hom e e r da a t y w o d a k m e or r o om ng ve y y nd he ul s be or Il f t go t w o k,l a f e e to o r c ddy,whe a e c i hom e? A r yo goi D n r om ng e u ng t c e f l h? A r you goi t s o by t hous ?' The w e e a w a o om or unc e ng o t p he e ' y r l ys i e e t d i whe Id beho e And 1m t nki ofal da , hi i t da ntr se n n ' m . ' hi ng 1 ys t s s he y t tIne rt ha ve houghtw o d co e. I e vi i d t tt r w as a pos i lt I ul m n s one ha he e s biiy c d be s t a s m e pa tc a tm e i m y c r e but not unde t s oul ho t o ri ul r i n aer r he e cicum s ances .... r t 4 Theonl t ng Ic d do wass s e y hi oul unnie nough e r y t t ke my gun ba k ne g o a c outa unbuton m y a o pouc . Ifg e i he wasgoi t c eup nd t mm hes i ur d f ng o om i tewo d a trmet e wewo l j th v as o to ta teOK Co r l n h o s fe hn ud us a e h o u t h ra, wec udj s s o tu tl h r wee ta y mo er u d , n t a i j s t e o l u t h o ni t ee rn' n r o n s a d h t s u t h w a i w a goi t ha t be. y t s ng o ve o Afera f w m i e pa s Ic dn' s a hi m o ng t twoul be t e nut s s ed, oul t ee nyt ng vi ha d s nymous wih s e yno t om body tyi t s a up on you .... Ikne 1was r ng o ne k w bl e ng a t t 1 wa r ly e use And 1 knew t t 1 had t do e di nd ha s eal xha t d. ha o s ehi t putm ys l i a posto t ty a ge s e hel .. . And om t ng o ef n ii n o r nd t om p . t a' wh t1p o e d dt d j s wok mywa b c d wnt emo n ant h ts a r c e e o o,u t r y a k o h u ti o j s nm i i rv re lc met te te ln s wee Ih d f l n i tal ut t n e es . n o h re ie r a al ni ly e i co i down. lm l ng a t t e nkm e a i l m ng ' ooki t ha mbn nt nd t ooks lke M ount i Eve e ta t spa tc a poi . .. r s t hi ri ulr nt . ( nt H'gTr 56- ) Se . r . 80. Sgt Br nnoc c awl d bac upt te nkm e a s vve hi t ry- i h bit y. . a k r e k ha mbn nt nd ur i d s hit sxt rhda Shr pnelfom t fr tbule soppe t cos l t a a t r t r m ove a t s c bule a r he is lt t d oo l ey o n re y o e , nd he e ond lt l d i o hi pevi bone. odge nt s l c Afe Sg. a n c ha s r ie b j mpigo e t g r ri, tto rh db ify tr tBr n o k d u vv d y u n v r he uad alPeiine a rel w al d t w a d Sgt Br nnoc sc ,s w not ng m ovi a t n r t ne t hi c r Pe ii r ke o r . n k' ar a hi ng, nd he e ur d o s a . ttone d o hi da a d ca a s tdit nc do n t i e s a e be or pa ki a t t p oft ne r ve s m ge r hor s a e w he nt r t t f e r ng t he o he xt e tr m p. xi a Sgt Be ky Cur wasdrvi pa tSgt Br nnoc ss - a ndone ca whe s c m e . c l i ng s . n k' hotup, ba d r n he a upo ar d ca t thadisba k wi n e r ha t c ndow s toutfom o ofPeii rsbule s Thed i rt d ho r ne ttone ' lt . rve ol he t tade y' polcec rd o pa t a a trd i ng altl f rhe up t i e sae,Sgt r ha put s i a r ve s, nd fe rvi ite a t r he nt rt t . Cur a a t rtoo rf l nd no he r pe ound Peii ttonersa ng outi hi c rpa ke a t t oft e t t ndi sde s a r d t he op he xi r p. Sgt Cur r c mt d: am . l e ot e M y i m e a e e ount w ih A gee w as t the w a ye lng a m e t s m di t nc er t ha s li t o hoot hi a he c d tlve w ih wha he di .... 1 t ke t hi a l a I m nd oul n' i t t d al d o m s ong s c d pos i y t l t hi t ha hi s r nde hi wea a s r nde oul sbl ak o m o ve m ure r s pon nd ur e r hi s l . H i posur di t gi H i body l ngua li pos ur a hi m ef s t e dn' ve. s a ge, ls t e, nd s 5 be vi ,hi voie e n - t r wa a ol ey no hi i my be ng t t ha or s c ve he e s bs ut l t ng n i ha be ived one t ng t the wass yi The wa t the he d t twe po le hi ha a ng. y ha l ha a n a d t wa t th k p r a j si ghi g i t r i n d u ti my mi n he y ha e e t e du tn s rp,hee s o o b n nd wha hi pln wa .... t s a s I was tyi t ge mys l i a bet r poston t c ialy,one t m a t r ng o t ef n te ii a tc l o ke he s . lwas a a sgnii a ditnc whe 1e td m y ca ,and t whol hot t i fc nt sa e n xie r he e tm e t tw e w e e t l ng,I was a t m ptng t c os t di t e. A nd he i ha r a ki te i o l e hat sanc wa cl i t dit nc aswel. He' atane polce ofe . 1m a taned s osng he sa e l s ri d i f r ' ri polc ofi e . You lno neihe o ofusa ea a l sa utwha ' ge tng ie fc r c w t r ne r t os bo ts ti r dyt ha n .... ea o ppe He wa ag tt d,irt t d t f rhe t twe we ;t mor 1t ke t s ia e ria e he u t r ha nt he e al d, he a re hegot.... Hi handswe ea hi rfe,whi h waspoi t d up i t ng ir s r t s il c ne n he ar An e eyo ej s sw t es met n t a Is w wi t e c p in o i. d v r n u t a h a hig h t a t he x e to f h t e ls tm et a h r a j se h sg i h as b a e h sb d t wad h a t i h t e e du td i rp: e lo ld d i o y o r s ' m e ... s he woul be s ul r t s de t m e ve s ... hi o d ho de o houl r o r us s s de s...poi e sr i ht down t e t r mp. I' a ve y m i e houl r nt d ta g he xi a ts r nut c n e i h s b d , c a g a d a j t n i h s h nd a h s a u. ha g n i o y h n e n dusme t n i a nd i n Eve yt ng sm ula ous y ha ns .... I m notgoi t w a tt s w ha r hi i t ne l ppe ' ng o i o ee t ha pe ne . 1kno wha ' c i .... 1gotmy r p ns xt w ts om ng ounds of and Id f ove i o t be m o t dit The ewasno c nt he r f he r. r overt r .... he e (d. t1 8 6 . 1 a 5 - 3) Sgt Cur he r Pe ii rss t fyi pa the a s f lt t g omd and r l t he . l a d ttone ' ho s l ng s r s he el o he r t oled o r rgh . Onc t s i so d,Sg .Cur c utousy a oa hedPe ii rsbl e body i t e he hootng t ppe t l a i l ppr c ttone ' oodi d l ng on t r d a ont oft rfe. Sher tive t rte a be n e r nc m e c yi he oa nd op he il ere d he il nd ga me ge y dial te t ntf rt sg fc bule wot t Pe ii rsc s. Sgt Cur lke y s d r a me o he i niiant lt md o ttone ' he t . l i l ave Pe ii r slf by r lng hi on hi sdet pr ve hi fom c ng o t bl d ani out ttonè ' ie oli m s i o e nt m r hoki n he ood r i ng ofhi m out a a he1y t r Pe ii rc s h, nd s a he e, ttone omplm e e Sgt Cur onhe polc wor çYou e ntd . l r i e k:t ddag o o .Iwa g i gt k ly u' i o dj b s o n o il o . ' B. Peii rpla nooc e r (t c es )t mtr ri t srtdeg e a us o ttone e ded l ontndee Gno ont f' o lde n he s r e nd e f a fr r f hi ac s i Roa iea m or s t n noke Ciy. Pe ii ra s pl a no c es t a t m pt d c pia t ttone l o e ded ont t o te e a t l 6 m ur rofal w e or eme ofie ,a a e m ai i wou ng,us ofafr a m d i t de a nf c nt fc r ggr vatd lcous ndi e ie r urng he co m iso ofaf l and f l el ng f hi acsi M ont e y Cot y.The eplas m sin eony, eony udi or s t n gom r mt s e wer purua t t wrte pla a e nt wiht Comm onweat sAtom e f Roa e s nt o wo itn e gr eme s t he lh' t ys or noke Ciy a f M o gome y Co y. Theplaag e m e sr c td t tt Comm onwe lh' t nd or nt r unt e r e nt e ie ha he at s Ator y f M ont om e y Count woul nolepr onec r usng afr a i t t ne or g r y d l os ha ge i ie nn n he c omm ison ofaf ony a t tCo monwe lh' Ator y f Roa si el nd ha m at s t ne or noke Ciy woul nolepr t d l os t eec r sofs i i o azocc e ve c e ThePl Agr e e wih t hr ha ge hootng nt l upid hil . ea e m nt t he Comm onweat sAtor y f Roa lh' t ne or noke Ciy alo no e t tt g nme wo d s e t t s t d ha he over nt ul e k he m a mlm pe t - lf i ionme pl t e ye r - f rt c i c r d i Roa xi l naly ie mprs nt us hr e a s o he rmes ha ge n noke. Durng hi pl ac l i s e oloquy i t Cicui Cour f rM ont m e y Cot y, ttone t sii n he r t to go r mt Pe ii r e tfed t theunde soodt c r s dic s t c r sa t i elm e swih co e ,a ha ha rt he ha ge , s us ed he ha ge nd her e nt t uns l nd d e nough tmet s a wih c ms la uta pos i e de e e .Not bl Pe ii rt tfedt t i o pe k t ot e bo ny sbl f ns s a y, ttone esii ha he w a e iel s t s d w ih co e ' s l c s by t ttm e a t tpl adi no c es w a hi s ntr y a i fe t uns l s ewi e ha i nd ha e ng ont t s s own de ii Peii ra knowldge t t byplad ng no c es, wave a lnonc son. ttone c e d ha , e i ont t he i d l j rs ito a camsa dd fn e a dterg t t d fndh ms l,oajzytil a dt c nfo t u idcin l li n e e s s n h ih s o ee i ef t l ra, n o o rn r wine s .Pe ii ralo t sii d t tt plaag e m e co tt e t e iea e m e a t s es ttone s e tfe ha he e r e nt nsiut d he ntr gr e nt nd t tno one ha madea pr ie t hi o he t n wha wasde c i i t plaag e m e . ha d ny om s s o m t r ha t s rbed n he e r e nt OnM a 7a d 8 2 3, on sn e cn he rn f rt ec n ito sfo b t crut y n , 01 aj it e tn ig ai g o h o v ci n r m oh ic i c t washel by t Cic tCour f Roa keCiy.Asmii ton e de e,Peii r ours d he r ui t or no t tga i vi nc ttone pl ye a l ngt vi o de ii n ofa pr f s orofps hi t y f om H a va d M e ca Sc , a d e hy de post o oes yc a r r r r di l hool who a tri e viwi Pe ii r hi pa e s a hi wie ga t opi on t tt mtr r fe nt r e ng ttone , s r nt , nd s f , ve he ni ha he lde woul notha ha nedbutf rPe ii rsG oi r ge' r usng a bolc se oi . The d ve ppe o ttone ' t d a 'fom i na i tr ds r cic tc u'wasnots yedbyt t si o a s htnce Peii ne t lf i prs r ui ot t wa he e tm ny nd e e d tto r o ie m ionme pl nt us 7 ei yea sf t a tm pt m ur r agg avaed ma ii uswoundi f l eud ng,a us of ght r or he te ed de , r t lc o ng, eony l i nd e a fr n m i M ont om e y Count Pe ii rdi nota al ie r n g r y. ttone d ppe . The Supr m eCour ofVigi adim is Pe ii rsfr tha speii wiho e t r ni s s ed ttone ' is bea tton t ut p eu ieb c u ei i r pel c aln e c n ito fo b t cruic u t.Th S p e rj dc e a s t mp o ry h l g d o v cins r m o h ic t o rs e u rme e Co r o Vign aa c p e Peiin rss c n p tto ta c aln dj s t c n it n go u t f r ii c e td t o e ' e o d eiin h t h l ge u the o vci s m t e o t Cic tCo tf M o gome y Co y a or r d Pe ii rswa de t r pond.Afe he r ui ur or nt r unt nd de e ttone ' r n o es tr consde i t wa de sm o i t dim is t Supr me Cour ofVigi a dimis d t s ond i rng he r n' ton o s s , he e t r ni s s e he ec ha aspe ii be tton. The e tr Pe ii rtm el fl t f de a peii Pe ii ne pr s nt t f l ng r afe , ttone i y ied he e r l tton. tto r e e s he olowi f m an ca msa our i li bouthi c c i fo M o gome y Count s onvitons r m nt r y: Fr ud on t co tduet t c tit ntonaly wihhol ng e ul t r e de eby . a he ur o he our n e i l t di xc pa o y vi nc no t tng t bule ss i o Sg Br nnoc and nota l ng a e r wine s t esi he lt hot nt t a k lowi n xpe t t s fo Ha v r Uni r iy t tf o Pe ii rsbe l; r m r a d ve st esiy n ttone ' ha f 2. Thelf s nt nc f a tm pt c pia m ur ra agg a t d malci woundi ie e e es or te ed a t l de nd r va e i ous ng vi a e ol t d: a TheDoubl J par Clus oft Fit Ame e ; . e eo dy a e he fh ndm nt b. TheEi h Am e m e ;a ght nd nt nd TheEq lPr e ton Cl us oft Foure nt Am e ua otc i a e he te h ndme ; nt Couns r nde e i f c i as itnceby: el e r d nefe tve ssa a No o j cigt t eee aino hsid cme t ofrtd g e mu d r . t b e tn o h lv to f i n it n t s- e re r e ; b. A dvi i Pe ii rt pl ad no c t s des t t a l lt ofa m e c s ng ttone o e on e t pie he vaiabiiy di al def ns ; e e Advii Pe ii rt pl a no co e ta pr ii hi t thewoul sng ttone o e d nt s nd om sng m ha d r c i a s nt nc oft r y-i ye s i a c r ton; e e ve e e e hi t fve ar ' nc r e a i d. N otha ng t bule s f om Sg Br r oc s body t s e vi he l t r t a m k' e t d; 8 e No o j cigwhe t eCo n at a k df ral es ne c ; . t b e tn n h mmo we lh s e o i e tn e f f Notad sng Peii rt thec d wihd a li no c es plas a . vii ttone ha oul t r w ls ont t e ; nd g. No o j cigwhe tec u t e u e t alw h se pe totsiy a d t b e tn n h o r rf s d o lo i x r t e tf ; n 4. Exc pat y e de w a no gi n t Pe ii rdue t t m a i i uspr e uton ul or vi nce s t ve o ttone o he lc o os c i r uli f om t pr ec t : es tng r he os u or a. Vi ai t Doubl J pa dy Clus a ol tng he e eo r a e; nd b. As ngf alf s ntnc atra e i t at ry-i ye rsnince ki or ie e e e fe greng o hit fve a e e . Res ponden a g t tt s c am sa eet rpr du al de a t d orm e ils ,a a tr t r ues ha he e l i r ihe oce r ly f ule rte s nd fe r viwi t r c d, he c ta ee .Acc r ngl Res e e ng he e or t our gr s o di y, ponde ' m oton t dimi si gr nt d, nts i o s s s a e a t pe ii i dimi s d. nd he tton s s s e I I. A. Thec u ti d t a cams3 a, ( ) a d3 f a et x a td A f d rlc u tû yn t o r fn s h t li () 3 b , n () r me h use . e ea o r ç ma o gr nta w rto ha asco pust a pe ii ne i s a e c t unl s t pe ii ne ha fr t a i f be r o tto r n t t usody e s hy tto r s is e use hi sat r medisbypr s ntnghi cai t t hi tsa e c tt' Ba rv. xha td s t e e e ee i s l ms o he ghes tt otr. ke ' Coco a 220F. 276,288( hCi. ) s O' lva v. rkel526U. 8 ,8 r r n, 3d 4t r 2000 ; ee Suli n Boec , S. 38 42 (99 ) Th saeh be src r rve l t tPei o rddn t r sn te ecamst . e 1 9 . e tt a a e o d e as ha t ine i o p e e t h s li ot t h Supr m e Cour o V i gi a. e t f r ni B. Th u e ha se cams3 a, () a d3 t mu t ete tda p o e url d futd. e n x u td li () 3b , n () s b rae s r c d al ea le y C cli t thasnotbe n pr e e t t hi hes sae c tne rt l s ma bete t d as ç am ha A e es nt d o he g t t t our ve he e s y r a e e use i i i cla t tt cli wo d bepr ed al ba r d unde sa e1w i t xha t d f t s e r ha he am ul oc ur ly re r t t a f he peii ratmpt t pr e it t saeco t' Ba rv.Co c a 220F. 276, ( h ttone te ed o esnt t o he tt ur.' ke r orn, 3d 288 4t Ci. 0 0 (iigGryv Neh ra d 51 U. 1 2 1 ( 9 6) $T) ee h u to r 2 0 ) ctn a . te ln , 8 S. 5 , 61 1 9 ). 1 h x a sin ( 9 r quie ntf c am snotf il pr s nt dt t sae' hi he tc ti tc mialy m e e r me or l i ary e e e o he t t s g s our s e l c l t whe ... saepr e alr ewoul ba c i r ton i t cli wa lt rpr s nt t t n a t t oc dur ul d r onsde a i f he am s a e e e ed o he saec u t'M ate v Ev t 1 5F.d9 7 91 (t Ci. 9 7 (iain o te ) tt o r. th ws . at 0 3 0 , 1 4 h r 1 9 ) ctto s mitd , ' overur d pqo h rR o n sb M i e- v. eke 5 5U. 2 , 41( 0 5 . t ne t e r u d . l rEl Drt , 4 S. 31 2 2 0 ) y l . Alh u hp e e tdt t S p e Co r o Vig na cams1 2b) 2 c, () 3 g , nd t o g r s ne o he u rme u t f r i i, li , ( , () 3 e , ( ) a 4( mus as bete tdaspr edu al dea td.A peiine pr e lalydefulsafdeal b) t lo rae oc r ly fule tto r oc dtr l a t e r ha a c am whe ç sae c thasdeci t c i rt cli ' m e iso t ba i ofa be s l i n ç t t our a lned o onsde he am s rt n he s s n a e u t a di d p n n saep o e u a n: . He rc v. u , 4 F.d3 2 35 ( t Ci. d q ae n n e e de t tt r c d r l l ' d ik Tr e 4 3 3 4 , 9 4h r e' 20 6 .Th Su e Co r o Vign ac u t imis dcams1 2 b , () 3e , n 3 g a 0 ) e prme u t f r ii o r ds s e li , ( ) 2 c , () a d ( ) s s ce s ve bec us t f c supo w hi h t cl i s we e ba e w e e know n pr o t t fr t uc s i a e he a t n c he a m r sd r i r o he i s sa eha a pe ii bu we enotr ie i tlsfr tpe ii Ag v.W rcht No.1 260,si tt be s tton t r a s d n li is tton. ee i , 41 lp o a 2 3( . a . , 01 )( in Va Co ej8016 4( ()a dDo s yv. g lne 2 p. t - Va M r 9 2 5 ct g . d . - 5 B)2 n re An eo , 61 i Va 6 , 0 5 4 S. 2 3 0 3 2( 01) . 01 6 4, 4 E.d 5 , 5 20 ).TheSu r meCo r o Vignac u t imis d pe u t f r ii o r d s se cam 4 b p ru n t Slgo v. ria , 5Va 2 , 9 2 5S. 2 6 0 6 2( 9 4 , e a s li ( ) u s a t o a n Parc n 21 . 7 2 , 0 E.d 8 , 8 1 7 ) b c u e t en nj rs ito a cam c udh vebe nrie a tilo o drc a p a b twa n t I . t h o -u idcin l li o l a e as d t ra r n ie t p e l u s o . d a 4. VignaCo ej8016 4 A)2 a d( ( woudn w b rteS p e Co r o r i i d . - 5 ( () n B)2) l o a h u rme u t f Vigna sc n i eaino cams1 2 b , () 3a , () 3 e, ( 3 g , n 4 b i Peiin r r i i' o sd rto f li , ( ) 2 c , () 3b , () 3 9, ( ) a d ( ) f tto e no a tm pt t pr e t m t t Supr m eCour o Vigi a. Se ec. Fihe v. w te ed o es nt he o he e t f r ni e. . , s r Anceone, l 1 F.d 8 ,8 ( hCi.1 )( s usi t a quaea i pe ntnatr ofSlytn) 63 3 35 44 4t r 998 dic sng he de t nd nde nde tle a o ; M a k l v An eo e 1 1F.d4 2, 4 ( t Ci.1 9 )( ic si gt ea e u t a d c al . z ln , 3 3 4 4 6 4h r 9 7 ds u sn h d q ae n i pe ntna ueofj8. - 4) O' l v. t ra 95F. 1 4,1 ( hCi.1996 nde nde t r 0165 ; De1 Nehelnd, 3d 21 243 4t r ) ta l sme . 10 C. A f de alc tma notr vi apr e aly de a t d cai abs ta s e r our y e ew oc dur l f ule l m en howi ofc us ng a e a dp eu ieo af nd me t l sa a eo j tc .Coe nv. o o 5 1U. 7 2, 5 n rj d c r u a n a mic ni g f usie lma Th mps n, 0 S. 2 7 0 ( 991 .Thee se eofc us or narl t nsuponas ngofi fe tveasit eof 1 ) xitnc a e di iy ur howi nef ci ssanc co ms ,af t e e nalt t de e et ti ded c m pla ewih t sa epr e a r e, t el acor xt r o he f ns ha mpe o i nc t he t t oc dur l ul o t n v lyo t cam.I a 7 3 5 ; o z v. u ry 91 F.d 1 9 ,1 0 (t Ci. r he o et f he li d. t 5 - 4 Clz a M ra , 3 2 0 2 1 4 4h r 1 9 ) Ero so c un e ma s l ea c us , u o l i apeiin rd mo tae ( )ta te 9 0 . r r f o s l y e' s a e b t ny f t o e e nsr ts 1 h t h v t e r r we e s eg e oust tt y vi a e pe ii rsc tt i rghtt e f tvea ssa e r o s r o r gi ha he olt d ttone ' onsiutonal i o feci s it nc ofcouns ,a ( t ti feci a ssa ecam is l i e use a notpr e laly el nd 2) ha nef tve sitnc li tef s xha td nd oc dtr l d futd.Ed r sv. r e tr 5 9U. 4 6 4 - 2( 0 ) s eM a t e v. a , ea le wa d Ca p ne , 2 S. 4 , 515 20 0 ; e ri z Ry n n U.. S 51 2 S. .1 0 ,1 2 ( 2 (raigalmiigq ai to t Co e nf r' u tn il 3 Ct 3 9 3 0 201 ) ce tn i tn u lkain o lma o d bsa ta' f s ' cli ofi f c i as itnc ofti lc uns whe et c us waset rno c a ms nefe tve ssa e ra o el r he a e ihe ouns lor e iefci a ssa c o c t e d rn tei i a saec l trl o e dn ) A p tto rs n fe t s itn e f oms l u ig h nt l tt ol ea pr c e ig . eiine' ve i a t n la iy wih 1w oraco tspr e a r esdoesnotpr deabassf esa ihi mf miirt t a ur ' oc dur l ul ovi i or t bls ng c us Se e:.Ha sv. c y,33 F. 665,66869( h Ci.2003)(i ngt ta a e. e. . , ni M Ador 4 3d - 7t r fndi ha pei o rsp oK sau d e n t o t u ea e u t g o n f rc us ) t eu ie' a t t t ine' r tt s o s o c nsi t d q ae r u d o a e . c j d c 'me ns ha t t pr t alege e r wor d t ape ii ne ' t c ta s tnta dia nt ge i e tng hi e ie he l d ror ke o tto rs t tll ubsa il s dva a , nf c i s ntr a til t e rro c n tt o a dme so s' M c r e v. e 2 F.d58 , 9 ( t Ci. ra wi ro f o si n l i n in . ca v r Le , 21 3 3 5 2 4h r h mi ' 20 0 (uoigUntdSttsv F a y 4 6U. 1 2 1 0( 9 2 ) s eKo n h e sv. at 6 0 ) q tn ie ae . r d , 5 S. 5 , 7 1 8 ); e r a r n Ev t 6 F. 1 ,1 ( h Ci.1 ( i ac tdoe no ne t c nsde t is ofprj i 3d 350 359 4t r 995) notng our s t ed o o i r he s ue eudce i tea s n eo c u e . n h b e c f a s) Peiin rfist etbihc u ea dp eu ieo afmd me tl s a a eo j siet tto e al o sa ls a s n rj dc r t n na mic ni g f u tc o e us a y pr e a de a t The e i no m e i t c a m 1 a g ng f a upo o f a by t xc e n oc dur l f ul. r s rt o l i r ui r ud n r r ud he cr ui c t cli 2 a gui t thi s nt nc vi ae t Ei h Am e ic t our, am r ng ha s e e e ol ts he ght ndme orEqual nt P o e to ca s o teFo re n hAme d n , rcam 4()a gl gh wa maiiu l r tcin lu e f h u te t n me t o li b r tn e s lco sy i pr e ut d be aus oft lf s nt nce . os c e c e he ie e e s Alo cams3a , ( , () 3 9, n 3 g d n t r sn aS u tnil cam o s , li () 3b) 3 e, ( a d ( ) o o p e e t t bsa ta' li f s ' i fe tve a s sa e ofc ne f c i s it nc ouns l A peii ne cai ng i feci a ssa ofc ms lmus e. tto r l mi ne f tve s it nce ot e t s tsyt et - r n e ts stfrhi Src ln v. a hn tn 4 6U. 6 8 6 ( 9 4 . aif h wo p o g d e t e o t n tika d W s iRo , 6 S. 6 , 71 1 8 ) Thefr tpr o Stikl nd r quie apeii rt s w t ha co elm a e r ss s rous is ong f rc a e r s ttone o ho t t uns t de ror o e i t tc ms wa no fmc i ng a t G ouns l g r nt d t def nda by t Si h ha ot el s t t toni s he c e ' ua a ee he e nt he xt Ame d n ll' a i t a c u s lsr p e e tto flbeo a o j ci esa d r o n me ty'me nng h t o n e ' e rs n ai n el lw n b e tv tn a d f r s bl ne s 1 Stikl nd,466 U .S. t687- The s co pr ng o St i ll nd r qui e a ea ona e s . rc a a 88. e nd o f r cc a e r s p tto e t s w t a c u e ' d fce t e fr n eprj d c dhm b d mo tai a eiin r o ho h t o ns ls eiin p ro ma c eu ie i y e nsrt ng lr as bl pr biiy t t butf c ms lsunpr es i e r s t r ul oft pr e ng te ona e oba lt ha , or ot e ' of sonal ror , he es t he oc edi ' ttone ea d uit t m nsr t ha, w oul ha bee dif r nt' I .a 694. A pe ii rwho pl de g lym us de o ta et t d ve n f e e .2 d t butf c ms lsalege e r ,he ei ar a o bl pr biiy t thewoul no ha pl a or ot e ' l d ror t r s e s na e oba lt ha d t ve e ded g it a dwo dh v isse o g i t til Hi v Lo l a t4 4U. 5 , 9( 98 ) u l n ul a e n itd n ong o ra. l . cc r, 7 S. 2 5 1 5 . y l h 1iA natre' at o o sin ta aen t n o si to ln iiu l cn o bea ddtgehrt Sxl tonys cs r miso sht r o u c ntuinaidvdal an t d e o te o g t y ce t ac n tmto a voain. Fihe v An eo e 1 3F.d8 5 8 25 (t Ci.1 9 )(nen l uoain rae o si in l llt ' s r . g ln , 6 3 3 , 5 -3 4h r 9 8 itr a q tto o ' mak o t d .Src ln e tbihe aSto gp eu to ta c u e' c nd c flswi i tewierh eo r s mit ) tika d sa ls d tr n rs mpin h t o nsls o u t al t n h d a g f e s h ra o a l po eso l sitn e.' Src ln , 6 U. a 6 9.Nu iil c tn o c t e'pefr n emu t e s n be rfsina a ssa c l ' tika d 4 6 S. t 8 l dca snl y f omsls roma c s i behihydeee tag 'a dR v r efr E sjb ma et ei naeteditrigefcso hn sg t. . n t g l frnily' n e ey fot mu t e d o l t h so t fet f id ih . a d o l mi n e au t te(h l n e )c n u tfo c u s lsp rp ciea tetme' 1 SE fetv rpe e tto i n t v lae h c al g d o d c rm o n e' ese tv th i . d. t lfcie e rsnain s o e ' l sno y u wi erre srpe e tto .' S ic rv Col s 5 6F. 3 9 3 2(t Ci.1 7 ) y n mo s t ro ls e rsnainl ' orn e . ln , 8 2d 2 , 3 4h r 9 8 . h q i 2I apeii rdo nots if oneoft pr , ac tdoe notne t i r whe he t peii r f ttone es atsy he ongs our s ed o nquie t r he ttone s ifedt ot rSt a pr ats i he he dcklnd ong. I a 697. d. t 1 2 P tto e d e n te tb ihc u ea dp eu ief rcam 3 a a u teidcme tfr eiin r o s o sa ls a s n rj dc o li () bo t h n it n o mur rfom t Cic tCour f Roa de r he r ui t or noke Ciy.Thi cai i nota i a et t speii t slm s pplc bl o hi tton c l ng t c ci fom t Cic tCo tf rM ont om e y Count halengi he onvitons r he r ui ur o g r y. I cam 3( ,Peii ague c e wa i f ci f al nghi t pla no n li b) ttoner r s ouns l s nefe tve or lowi m o e d co es des t a a lbl de e e a nt t pie n vaia e f ns bouthi m e alc ton.Cot e pr s n edm ii ton s nt ondii ms l e e t tgai e de durng s nt ncngvi avi o de ii ofa e r wines who dic s d how vi nce i e e i a de poston n xpe t t s s us e ser dsa f c e Pe ii rsme a att None hee s Vigi a lw doe notpe mi al l t oi fe t d ttone ' nt lsa e. t ls , r ni a s r t ega def ns f am e alde e tls t n i a t ore r me i oxi a i Se St e e or nt f c e s ha ns niy xte nt c ton. e nmpe v. r Co n at 2 Va 7 7 71 , 2 SE.d68 , 8( 9 5 (ç vie c o ac i n l mmo we 1 28 . 0 , 7 3 4 . 2 2 68 1 8 ) sEl d n e f rmia h, g def nda ' m e alsa ea t tm eoft ofe e i,i t a e eofan i a t de e e e nts nt tt t he i he f ns s n he bs nc ns niy f ns , irlva t oteis eo g it'; a ev Co n at 21 Va 68 6 , S. 2 2 2, ree n t h su f u l.) W y . mmo we l 9 ' 3, 98 251 E.d 0 ' h, . 21 ( 9 9 ( ligavou tr itx c to d fn ea p iso l t as e i itn t c mmi a 1 1 7 ) hodn lna y no iain ee s p le ny o p csc ne t o o t c i ewhe adef nda t ss i oxi t a t r nde hi i apa eofa wilul de i r t rm n e nt t wa o nt caed s o e r m nc bl ny lf , lbe a e a prme tt a t'.Peiine' a t de nsrtdplnni a pr mediai and,hus nd e diaed c' tto rs cs mo tae a ng nd e tton ) t , pr cude a i t c ton de e e. e l d n n oxi a i f ns Th r i n mei t cam 3 e .I cam 3 e, tto rfut c t e f rn t b e tn ee s o rto li () n li () Peiine a ls oms l o o o j cig whe t pr ec t t d t ti c tt tt Comm onwe t s n he os u or ol he ral our ha he alh oughta lf s n e . Peii ne ie e t nce tto r beiv sc u e s ul h v o j ce b c u et p o e uo s l i dt epla o n c n e t o le e o nsl ho d a e b e td e a s he r s c t r oi t h e s f o o ts f r ce as nt eoft ry-i ye s i a c r ton.Pe ii rt sii d dlrngt pl ahea i t tt e enc hit fve ar ' nc r e a i ttone e tfe zi he e rng ha he de i i n t pl d no c e tw a hi o n dec s on,t pl a a e m e c tt t t e ie c s o o ea ont s s s w i i he e gr e nt ons iu ed he ntr a e m e ,a no one had m ade a pr i est hi ot rt n w ha was de c i d i t pl a gr e nt nd ny om s o m he ha t s r be n he e a e m e . The onl r l ntpr i e i t pl a a e e f om t Com m o ea t s gr e nt y e eva om s n he e gr em nt r he nw lh' Ator y f M ont e y Count w ast nole pr one c r ofus ng a tr a m i t t ne or gom r y o l os ha ge i s e r n he 13 c omm iso ofaf l ny.Pe ii rt si d t thea t Comm on lh' Ator y f sin eo ttone e tse ha nd he weat s t ne or M ont e y Count had n0 a ee upon a s nt e, ha t c r ui c t d i pos a gom r y t gr d e enc t t he i c t our coul m e s nt nc u t t m a mum al d, t the t r t t mu i e e e p o he xi lowe and ha mde sood he mum s nt nc waslf e e e ie i rs n n p u eg t e r.No ma i afio o so j cin c nn ihe bed fce t mp io me t l s ih y a s t kng rv l u b e to a et r eiin pef r nc n rr s l i a t l rj dc , n Peiin rf ist e tbihh w c u e' alg d ro ma e o e ut n cua p eu ie a d tto e al o sa ls o o nsls l e e fiu et ç b an gn jrviw al tra'wo l h v rs le i hm pr c e igt til alr o & ti a d e e l maeil ud a e e utd n i o e dn o ra. o ' Peiine ag e i cam 3 9 ta c t e wa ie fcief rn ta vsn hm t a h tto r r u s n li ( h t oms l s n fe tv o o d iig i h t e c dwihdr w hi pl sofno c es.Ther co dr fecsPeii re e e hi no c e t oul t a s ea ont t e r el t ttone nt r d s ont s pl skno ngl a vol t rl a hedoesnotpr s nta s fce ba i f whih hecoul ea wi y nd un a iy, nd e e ny ufi int ss or c d ha s e s uly s ve ucc s f l oughtt wihdr w t plas Se eg. Pa rsv.Comm o alh,189Va. o t a he e . e. . , r i nwe t 3 , 2 - 5 5 S. 2 8 2 8 3 7 ( 9 9 ( ic s igt ep s il b s st p r t t r wi g 21 3 4 2 , 2 E.d 7 , 7 - 4 1 4 ) ds u sn h o sbe a e o e miwi a n hd aplai c tngg l) e ndiai uit. l cam 3 g , eiin rag e c u s l re byn t b e t wh nt ed fn ee pet n li ( ) P t o e r u s o n e er d o o j ci t ng e h e e s x r wa no pe m it d t t tf Howe r t e r' r por wa a ce ed a e denc f rt s t r te o esiy. ve , he xpe ts e t s c pt s vi e o he s nt ncnghe rng,a t cr tco twac dt vi o de ii oft expe td i t e e i a i nd he icui ur t he he de poston he r urng he s nt ncnghe rng. Pe ii rf l t esa ih wha o he de e e e r waspr l e e i ai ttone ais o t bls t t r f ns xpe t ecuded fo rm tsiyn Ac o dn l , li 1 2 b , () 3 a, b , ( ) 31, () a d4 b aeds s e a e tf ig. c r ig y cams , ( ) 2 c, () 3() 3 e , 4) 3 g , n ( ) r imis d s pr edur ly de a t d. oc al f ule 17 5. TheSuprmeCo tofVigi a' ds s a ofcams2() 3() 3( ,a 4()doe no e ur r ni s imis l li a , c, d) nd a s t w a r ntf de alha sr le . A fe a s a e c t r s est m e is ofa cl i a s r i e i a ra e r bea e i f t r t t our add e s he r t am lo a s d n f der lha aspe ii a f r lc tm ay no gr ntt pe ii unl s t s a e c ts e a be tton, ede a our t a he tton es he t t our ' a j dc to o acam i c nrr t , ra u ra o bea pl ai no , lal e tbih d du iain f li s o ta y o o n n e s na l p i to f ce ry sa ls e c 14 f d rllw o b sdo a u r a o a l d tnni to o t efcs 2 U. C. 2 5 4 e ea a r a e n n n e s n b e ee nain f h a t. 8 S. j 2 4 *. ç Rjv e l e j2 5 ( )1 i l tdt t rc r t a wa b f r t esaec u th t t e iw md r 2 4 d ( ) s i e o he e o d h t s eo e h tt o r ta g mi a j iae tecam o t emeis' Cu lnv. n o se, 6 U. 1 0 1 0 8 ( 01 ) dudc td h li n h rt. le Pih ltr 5 3 S. 7 , 8 - 1 2 1 . ' The eva ua i of whe he a s at c tde i i n i t ont a y t 'o ç n unr s na e l ton t r t e our c s o s ç r r o' r t c a ea o bl a ia i of'f de a l i bas d o a i pe ntr viw ofe h sa d. W iln v. pplc ton e r l aw s e n n nde nde e e ac t ndar li ms Ta lr 5 9U. 3 2, 2- 3( 0 ) A saec u t ee miaini ç o tayt 'f d r l a i vo , 2 S. 6 41 1 20 0 . tt o r d tr n to s G n rr o'e ea 1w f c i ç ri e a ac n lso o po iet ta r a he b gh UntdSttsS p e )Co r o a t ç rv s t o cu in p st o h t e c d y te ie ae u rme u t n a q e to o 1w o i t esaec u t e i e ac s dfee tyta Eh UntdS ae S p e ) u sin f a r f h tt o r d cd s a e ifrn l h n t e ie tts u rme Cour ha o a s tofm a e i ly i si s bl f c s' 1 a 41 t s n e t r a l ndi tngui ha e a t . d. t 3. ' A f de a c tma is t wrtt rt çt e s na e a i a i ' a ei t e r l our y s ue he i mde he smr a o bl pplc ton'clus f he f d rlc ul fnd t thesaec u tG e tti t c re tg v r i glg l rncp efo g e ea o ' i s ha t tt o r td n i s he o r c o en n e a p i il rm t t i s he Suprme Cour' de sonsb unras bl a ist tprncpl t t f t oft prs ne' e q ts cii ut e ona y pple ha i i e o he acs he io rs c s . 1 Thi r a o a e e ssa d r i a o j cieo e d a 41 A Vign ac u ts a e' d. s e s n bln s tn ad s n b e tv n .I . t 0. r ii o r' ' fndi c nnotbedee ngs a medum ea o bl m e el be a ei doesnotct esa ihe Unie s na e r y c us t ie t bls d t d St t s Supr m e Cour pr e nton a i s i t r s tr c i no c r r t t t ae e t ec de n s ue f he e ul ea hed s t ont a y o ha e tbih dp e e e t M ic el Es az , 4 U. 1 1 (0 3 . sa ls e rc d n . th lv. p r a 5 0 S. 2, 6 2 0 ) A f d rlc u t e e n aha e sp tto ç e l g)te gtt)c u tsfcu l e ea o r rviwig b a ei n ç sl s h sae o r' a t a i pr me fn ig t b s u du ls geiin r rbusth p e u to o c ri te sb ce ra d i dn s o e o n n e s p tto e) e t t e rs mp in f o r cn s y la n c n n ige i n e' M ilrEl 5 U.. t 40( u tn 2 U.. j2 5 ()1) Fi l o vicn vde c .' le- , 45 S a 2 q o ig 8 SC. 2 4 e (). nal ' y, çgqsaec tfc ldee nai i noturr s bl meeybe a et fdealha asc t sa tt-our a ma tnni ton s lea ona e rl c us he e r be our w oul hé r c d a dif r ntco l i i t fr ti t nc ' W ood v. le 558 U . 290, d ve ea he fe e nc us on n he i s ns a e. ' A l n, S. 301( 0 . 201 ) 15 A. Cli 2 a a d4 a mu tb d s se i a c r a c wihj2 5 4 Th S p e ams () n () s e imis d n c o d n e t 2 4 *. e u rme Cou tofVigi ahe dt tPe ii rsvol a y a i elge pl a wa ve a1 nonr r ni l ha ttone ' unt r nd nt li nt e i d 1 j rs it n l ee e t t o l h v b e r ie b f r t g it pla .Ag e No 1 26 a u idci a d fns s ha c ud a e e n as d eo e he uly e s e , . 41 0 t o 3(iigPe o v. ng 21 Va 1 4,1 6 9 , 6 S. 2 5 9 5 ( 9 9 Thsh ligi n t ctn ytn Ki , 0 . 9 9 - 7 1 9 E.d 6 , 71 1 6 :. i odn s o c r r t oranunr a ona ea ia i of cla l e t bls d f de a 1 w o ba e on a onta y o, e s bl pplc ton , e ry sa ihe e r l a r s d n um-as bl de e m i ton oft f c s3 e ona e t r na i he a t . A pla ofguit a t e ui co c i c e ly nd he ns ng nvi ton ompr he a1oft f c ua e nd l he a t l a lg lee n sn c s ay t s ti abndn ,fn l u g n o gul nd e a lme t e e s r o usan i ig ia j d me t f i t a a lwf lsn e c . Ac o dn l,wh n t j d me to c n cin nd a u e tn e c r igy e he u g n f o vito upon a guit pla ha be om e fnala t ofe rs e t r ope t ly e s c i nd he f nde e ks o e n he pr e ng,t i r i or na iy c i t w he he t l de l ng oce di he nquiy s di r l ontned o t r he m r yi pl a w as bot cot s l d a vol t r I t a w e i i t a fr a i e h m e e nd un a y. f he ns r s n he f im tve t n t c ci and t pl a,a a ge r lr l ,f r c os t c lt r he he onvi ton he e s ne a u e o e l e he olae al a tc t a k. UntdSttsv Br c , 8U.. 6 , 6 ( 9 9 ; e Za t . tp e , 6 U.. 6 , 8 ie ae . o e 48 S 5 3 5 9 1 8 ) s e n v S e h ns 4 2 S 8 2 8 6 (98 )(q ai gg i ype st pe so noc n e t o s n e cngp i os s; lsv Dys n 4 1 3 e u tn ul la o la f o ts f r e tn i t p e ) Eli . o , 21 t r U. 4 6 4 ( 9 5 (a ) No t Cao iav. f r , 0 U. 2 , 7( 9 )(n ) c . S. 2 , 41 1 7 ) s me ; rh r ln Alo d 4 0 S. 5 3 1 70 s me; f Bl c b r e v. ie Sae , 8 U. 2 9 3 4( 9 2 ( ic s igtets f rd u l j o a d o k u g r Untd tts 2 4 S. 9 , 0 1 3 ) ds u sn h e t o o b e e p r y cams.Co s q e ty 2 a a 4()mu t ed s s e a wav dpls a t oPeiine' p e s li ) n e u n l, () nd a s b imis d s i e t u n t tto rs la r ofno cont t es . B. Cli 3 c a d3()mus as b d s se i a c r a c wih j2 5 ( .I cam 3 c, ams () n d t lo e imis d n c o d n e t 2 4 * n li () Pe ii rar ue c ttone g s ouns lr nde e i f e tve a s s a e f ad s ng hi t pl d no c e t e e r d ne f c i s i t nc or vii m o ea ont s 3TheSupr meCour ofVigi adeemi d t tPeii ' plawasknowi a vol ar , a e t r ni tr ne ha ttoners e ng nd unt y c usont tPeii rdoe notatc vi aspa aecai oresa ih t beba d o a un e o bl oncl i ha ttone s ta k a e r t l m tbls o se n n r as na e dee na i offct tnni ton a s. 1 6 bec us ofapr m iePe ii rwo d bes nt edt t ry- yea s i r e ai n.The a e o s ttone ul e enc o hit fve r ' nca c r to Sup e Cour ofVigi adimi s d t s c am saswaved al c r r t t r cor r me t r ni s s e he e l i i ld onta y o he e d; g eii rf ie t ofe avai r s nwhyhes d notbebound byhi pqttone ald o fr ld ea o houl s r e e a i n a t i lt thi c m s l s pe f epr s nt to t r a ha s ot e ' r onna e w as ade t t t no nc qua e, ha o ha m a hi a pr m ies o sde t pl a a ee nt a t tt ne d de m ny o s ut i he e gr me , nd ha he pl a ag ee e di not c ai a ag e m e c e ni t s nt nc or e r m nt d ont n ny r e nt onc r ng he e e e diposton ofpeii rsc r es s ii ttone ' ha g . Ac , 1 260 a 3, ( tngAnde s v.W a de 222Va.511 51 281S. 2d885,888 ee No. 41 t 4 cii ron r n, , 6, E. ( 98 ). 1 1) Th S prmeCo r o Vign asds sa o cams3 c a d3 d i n t o ta yt , r eu e u t f r ii ' imis l f li () n ( ) s o c nrr o o a unr as bl a i ton of ce l esabls d f de a 1 w orba e on a t e s bl n e ona e pplcai , lary t ihe e r l a sd n mr a ona e d tr n to o t ef cs I Blc e ev. ls n 4 U. 6 , 3 7 ( 9 7 ,heS p e ee miain f h a t. n a kldg Alio , 31 S. 3 7 - 4 1 7 ) t u rme Co toft Unie Stt sde e mi dt t ur he t d a e t r ne ha : gl erp e e tto so t ed fn a t h slwy r a dt ep o e uo a . . ' h e r sn ai n f h ee d n , i a e , n h r s c tr t . l a E e qh aig a wela a y sn ig ma e b t ej d e a c p ig t e pla e rn , s l s n dn s d y h u g c e tn h pl , consiut a f r i bl bare i a ea tt e o m da e r ir n ny s e nt c l tr l ubs que olae a pr e ngs Sol m n dec a a i i o n co tc r y a s r pr lm pt o oc edi . e l r tons n pe ur a r t ong esl i n of ve iy. The s e nt pr s nt to of c l or a l atons rt ubs que e e ai n onc us y leg i t u po tdb s e iisi s b e tt s mmayd s sa, saec n e to ms p re y p cfc s u j c o u r imis la r o tnins t ti t f ceoft r c d a e wholy i r di e ha n he a he e or r l nc é bl . Peii ne di notpr s ntm o et n c us r al gai t t Supr m e Cour of tto r d ee r ha oncl o y le tons o he e t Vign ai s p r o cam 3 c .I c n rs, tto rtsiidd dngt ep e h aigt the r ii n u po t f li () n o ta tPei ne e tfe u i h la e rn ha t de i i t pl a no con e twa hi own de ii t pl ag e m e c tt e t e ie c son o e d ts s s c son, he ea r e nt onsiut d he ntr a ee nt a no oneha madea pr iest hi ot rt n wha wa de c i d i t pla gr me , nd d ny om s o m he ha t s s rbe n he e a ee e . The onl r l va pr m i e i t pl a e e f om t Com m o e lh' gr m nt y e e nt o s n he ea gr em nt r he nw a t s Ator y f rM ont om e y Count w ast nole pr one c r ofus ng a tr n m i t t ne o g r y o l os ha ge i s e r n he c mison ofaf ony.Peii rt tse t the a t Comm onwe t sAtol y f om s i el ttone esi d ha nd he alh' t me or M o gom e y Co t ha nota e upo a s nt nce t tt c r ui c tc d i pos a nt r un y d gr ed n e e , ha he ic t our oul m e s nt nc up t t maxi e e e o he mum al d,a t theunde soodt m a mtm s n e ewa lf lowe nd ha rt he xi l e t nc s ie i rs n n plseg t e r.Ac o dngy cam 3()mu tb d s s e . mp io me t u ih y as c r i l, li c s e imis d Al o g Pei o beiv si cam 3 d t a balsistsigwo l h vep o e h d d t u h tt n le e n li ( ) h t litc etn ud a r v d e i h i n t ieteb lt ta snlk S tBrn o k heo fr nohn b t so c ne tlei s p o t o fr h ules h t t c g. a n c , fes t ig u hi wn o jct n u p r r oft c ai . Furhe m or Pe ii ra kno l d by pl di no c e tt the w a ve hi he l m t r e, ttone c w edge ea ng ont s ha i d s rghtt de e hi efand c lnget Co monwe lh' c s No t l s ,t r c d i o f nd ms l hale he m a t s a e. nehe e s he e or r tec st tt bule swe el f i SgtBr nnoc f media r as ,a t e d ewas el t ha he lt r e tn . a k or c l e ons nd he vi enc o he wi e s sc e t s t i t m a i i woundi c vi ton.4 Ac o dn l, li 3 d t r s uf i nt o us a n he lc ous ng on c i c r i gy cam ( ) m us a s be di m i s d. t lo s se V. Fort f egoi r as ,t c tg a sRe po ntsm oton t dim isand d s is s he or ng e ons he our r nt s nde ' i o s s im s e t peii f rawrtofha sc pus Ba e upon t co tssndi t tpe ii rhasnot he tton o i bea or . s d he ur ' ng ha ttone madet r quiies t nta s he e st ubsa il howi ofade a ofac tt to lrghta r quiedby 28 ng nil onsiu i na i s e r U. C. 2 5 /)a d S a kv. c ne, 2 U. 4 3 48 ( 0 0 , c ri t o a pe lbl y S. j 2 3 n lc M Da il5 9 S. 7 , 4 2 0 ) a e tkae f p aa ii t t i de e s ni d. E R:Ths /V NTE i dyo Jn,06 a fue2 1. / /* 4 .J /.W + A Unie St t sDit'tJ td ae s udge 4Onl Peii rwass i i ot polcec rw he Sgt Br nnoc wass . y ttone hootng nt he i a n . a k hot 18 '
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