Hubbert v. Washington et al, No. 7:2014cv00530 - Document 57 (W.D. Va. 2016)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Michael F. Urbanski on 7/7/2016. (tvt)
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CL S OFFI U,S. ST COURT ERK' CE DI . AT ROANOKE. VA FIED L I TI E UNI x I TED STATES Dl sTm c' cocR' r r JUL û8 2 1 26 F T wE lNl KmsIVISIroFVI NI B: oR HE RO AEt E Dr O N RGI A t s' Ox mc' H A SSI H U BBERT , N Pl ntf ai if, C i lA c i N o.7: c 00530 vi ton 14- v- V. M EM OR ANDUM O PI ON NI G .K .W A SH I T O N ,e al, NG t . Defendant s. By: Uut uR or cEx cu- H on.M i hae F.U r c l bans ki Unied St es Di tri Judge t at s ct Has i Hubbe t aVigi ai a epr e ng pr K ,tl d aci lrght compl nt sn r, r ni nm t oc edi o ie vi i s ai pus ntt 42 U. C.j 1 na ngvai cu ntan f mersafoft Vigi a rua o S. 983, mi reus ce d or tf he r ni De t ntofCoreci (: parme r tons û VDOC' andRe Oni Stt Prs n (: dOni 'asdefnda s ' ) d on ae io ( Re on') e nt. Pl i ifc pl nst thi c as ii a i a i a ce a i a Sec iy Le S i Red Oni a ntf om ai ha s l s fc ton nd nc r r ton t urt vel n on be w e Aug t201 a O c ober201 vi a e t Ei t a Fouree h Am e e s oft t en us 3 nd t 4 ol t d he gh h nd t nt ndm nt he Uni d Sae Co si to .Dee d n sfldamo inf rs mmayj d me t a dPli tf t tts n tt in fn a t ie e u to o u r u g n , n anif rs e ponde m a ngt m at rrpe f diposton.Afe r viwi t r cor t cour gr nt d, ki he te i or s ii tr e e ng he e d, he t a s temo inf rs mmayj d me ta t t eEih hAme d n cam, e isi a t t e h to o u r u g n s o h g t n me t li d n e t s o h Foure h A m endm e c a m ,a r quiesaddii lbr e i t ent nt l i nd e r tona i fng. 1. On Augus l 2013, a ntf w a m ove i o t s i hous ng uni a Ke M ount i t 4, Pl i if s d nt he pec al i t t en an Co r to Ce e (i CC' duet a uns cfe ç ndi i siain. I i notcea recinal ntr 1 KM ' ) o n pe iid t ng nvetg to ' t s pe ' lr w he he t t a f rw a r l t t a i tt i li tga i n com m enc a K M CC a ound t r he r ns e s e a ed o n ns iutona nvesi to ed t r Hubbert v. Washington et al t s e tm e t det ne w het i at cons r t m urderanot i at and al o ki he am i o enni her nm es pi ed o her nm e s dnap, Doc. 57 e c pe,a m ur rt KM CC W a de Pl ntf a l ge t thi m ove i o t s c a hous ng sa nd de he r n. ai i f le s ha s nt he pe i l i uni ha not ng t do w ih t ti tt i t d hi o t ha ns iutonali tga i A lhough no i tt i lc r nves i ton. t ns iutona ha ges wer l e odge a ns Pl ntf ,KM CC of i a sr om m e d t tPl ntf be t m por r l d gai t ai i f fci l ec nde ha ai i f e a iy Dockets.Justia.com tanse r d t Red Oni n,whih occ r d t ne da Pl ntf al ge t heha notr ceve r fre o o c ure he xt y. ai if le s hat d e i d a i tt tona c r f am os t ye sbe or t ta f . n nsiu i l ha ge or l t wo ar f e he r nser Pl ntf w a c i i ad i s r tve s gr ga i upon a rvi a Re Oni n pendi ai if s onfned n m ni t a i e e ton r i ng t d o ng ani talca sfe inr e byRedOni sl tt i lCls ii to Aut iy(1CA' . nii lsiiato eviw on' nsiutona a sfcain hort ç ' I ) Unde VDOC Opeai Pr e e(t ' 830.,t 1 i rs i ef c r rtng oc dur ç ) 1 he CA s e ponsbl or onduci OP' tng c as ii a i he i a r e s I hea i m ay be hel i onnaly,lke f ran a l sf c ton arngs nd evi w . CA rngs d nf l i o nnual r ew,orm a r quiea f malduepr es he i whih occ sf r a onslker m ov fom evi y e r or oc s arng, c ur or e s i e al r ge r popul i or c ngi a cl s ii aton l velout i ofan a ne al aton ha ng a s fc i e s de nnualr vi w . OP 830. e e 1 r quiest tan i ae r c venotc wihi f t e g hour ofa f e r ha nm t e ei ie t n ory- i ht s onna duepr es he i l oc s arng a be alowed t a t nd t f nd l o te he onna hea i t r ai s l ,t hav a couns ororot l rng, o em n ient o e el her e pl e pr entt a s hi , o r c ve a c oft d i i and t a a t dec son. m oye es o dvi e m t e ei opy he ec son, o ppe l he i i W he conduc i a i a e' c as ii aton r e ,t 1 f w a ds onl a r c m e ton n tng n nm t s l s tc i evi w he CA or r y e om nda i f s c iy cl s ii aton. Exce f as i ent t Leve S,a w a den orde i e r vi w se h or e urt a s fc i pt or s gnm s o l r s gne e e ac I r c m e to a ha t di c e i t appr ordi a ove t I ' r c m e to CA e om nda i n nd s he s r ton o ove s ppr he CA S e om nda i n f s c iyl c nges TheVDOC' Ce r Cl sfc tonSe vce (1 'a ovesor or e urt evel ha . S ntal asiiai r i s $ CSS' ppr ) di a oves a s gnm e st Le S a m a ove de m a t y r ti t sori a e s ppr si nt o vel nd y ni nda or esr c or nm t as i nen c ie i . O nc a s gne t s gr ga i , t l r vi w st i a e' s a us a l as s gm t r t r a 1 e s i d o e e ton he CA e e he nm t s t t t e t once e r ni t days I de e m i ng w he he t ext nd s r ton s a usf a he ni t ve y ne y . n t r ni t r o e eg ega i t t or not r ne y dayperod,t I s d c i r it rala, he r as f t as i e , he i a e' i he CA houl onsde , n e i t e on or he s gnm nt t nm t s - be vi ,t i t spr es madet r ca eplnobe tves a whehe t i t pos ha or he nmae' ogr s owad s a j ci s nd t r he nmae es a t ea t i tt i ls f t a s urt hr t o nsiutona a e y nd ec iy. 'An i aem a a ala I ca sfc i de son vi adm i sr i greva s and a wa de m a nm t y ppe n CA ls iiaton cii a nitatve i nce , r n y a ppealaCCS cas ii tondecii t t Die t ofOfe l sfcai son o he r cor fnderM a gem e Se vie na nt r c s. 2 Le S i nota s or s urt l lbuti as c a pum os b a sgnme ,a Re vel s c ed ec iy eve s pe i l e ed s i nt nd d Oni i t onl VDOC f ciiy t hous sLe S a Leve 6 i e . Re Oni sLev S on s he y a lt hat e vel nd l nmats d on' el i a esa e gi t opporuniy t pa tci t i t d le Se i ,'a goa - r e e nm t r ven he t t o r i pa e n he i l nge res' cha l o i nt d, i ntve bas s e ton housng pln r quii i aest compl et sudy ofpr s a nce i - ed egr ga i i a e rng nm t o et he t o- ocil goa sa s n wor l nd eve kbooks W he i t se bi postvebe vi sa s ce d i c . n mna e xhi t ii ha or nd uc e n ompl tng ei t e tbls d g soft pr a , he a e r wa de wih mor prviege vi ar duc i i he sa ihe oal he ogr m t y r e r d t e i l s a e ton n t i s c iy cl s ii a i he r e ur t a s f c ton. Red Oni s Le S i a esa e a s s d a a s gne t t f l i s c iy on' vel nm t r s es e nd s i d o he olow ng e urt cls ii to ,lsedfom mos t l s rsrci l ensveM a eme ($M ' 1 - l - , a sfcains it r t o eat e titve: nt i nag nt 1 ' M 0, M 1 l ) 1 - a I M 2, nd M SL6;a Spe ilM a men (i ' SM- ,SM - ,a SM - 2 SM I ts nd ca nage t 1SM ' ) O I nd 2. nmae m a pr e st Leve 6 Ge a Populton Stucur Li ng- e 1a Pha e2,a y ogr s o l ner l ai r t ed vi phas nd s nd gr duato fom t s fna s a m akest i a e elgi e t be as i d t Le 5 a be a i n r hi i l t ge he nm t i bl o s gne o vel nd hous d i a t a tona ge r lpopul ton s ti How e r I i a esar note i bl f rt e n r dii l ne a a i e tng. ve , M nm t e lgi e o he 2I i aesaet ei aes M nm t r hos nm t : wi te poe t l fr e te a do d a l voe c ll ( h y ma h v a t h tni o xrme n /r e dy iln e. Tle h a y ae n i ttt n laj sme thsoy idc t gtec p blyfre te /edl voe c nsi i a du t n itr n iai h a a ii o xrmed a y iln e uo n t a ns sa for ot r ofende s Thi gr p mos oûe woul ha a exensve gai t tf he f r . s ou t n d ve n t i c i nalhit y a lf t e t thase caaed s t texteme/ a y vi enc has rmi sor nd iesyl ha s lt o ha r de dl ol e be come a be or lchaacersi Thepot talf exte e ordea y vi e i havi a r t itc. en i or r m dl olnce s n t ei n td d s ie te ofn e' d i isi t n l aj sme t e e whe o l ae ept h fe d rs al ntt i a du t n v n n mi y uo pr dig m or t n a ye or c plant polt, a c r tve be vi a ovi n e ha ar om i , ie nd oope ai ha or nd att tiude. Aler tvel t ofende m a pr e a r i y dir i and t na i y, he f r y es nt outnel suptve t r at ng patrofbe orand att h e eni te havi tiude. Alo i udesofende si r r td f s ncl f r ncace ae or ano o i c i t tput t m a rs fom o h ofende s t rous rme ha s he t ik r t er f r . SM i aesa et ei aes nm t r hos nm t : wh ma ds ly a i ttto a a j sme thitl idctn rp ae dsu tv o y ipa n nsiuin l dut n soy n iaig e etd ir pie b ehavi a l rl f ltes ahit y ofsghtng w ih sa forofe s and/ or t owe evel aciii , sor i t tf fnder, or vi e dir i be ora l olnt s uptve havi t owerl f iii ,a hit ' offghtng w ih s a for evel ac ltes sol y i i t tf ofende s and/ vi e r it e t r a saf i e ve i r s tng i har t f r . or olnt essanc owa ds t f ntr nton e uli n m o saf,ot rofende sw ihou t it ntt i t f he f r t t he n e o nvokes i ham ort i e t kil or erous r he ntnt o l, s i da age t t f ciiy, and whe e r as bl i e ve i a t l erous m o he a lt r e ona e nt r ntons t he ower s urt lvelha notbe n s ce suli elm i tng dir i be or . ec iy e ve e uc s f n i nai suptve havi s l e i I - orSM - e bi i ppr it be vi orchoos nott pa tci t i t se nmats n M O O xhi t na oprae ha or e o ri pae n he tpdow npr am . Cons ue l t y do notbe i fom t sepogr eq nty, he neft r he t down pr r m m i a i t d r ei og a ng nd nsea ec ve t bascr r he i equiement afor t i e i VDOC s alhousng unis s f ded o nmats n peci i t. 3 se down t Le l6 sr t e lvi l t a I i aesgr duae t t 1 - Cl e Pod, t po ve tucur d i ng. nse d, M nm t a t o he M SL6 os d whih gi sI i e pos i y f ci l t r housngathi h s urt t opporu t f a c ve M nmats sbl a ng ong e m i g ec iy he tniy or bet rqualt oflf . I orSM i t swho do nots if pr a c ie i ata tm ec n be te iy ie M nma e ats y ogr m rt ra ny i a r t ne t ahi rc a sfc ton eiherby ade son oft Uni M a eme Tea , ,f e ur d o ghe l s iia i t cii he t nag nt m or or s rousi r c i orr peaed i r nsge e,i e a e y byt Buidi Supe vio a t n e i nfa tons e t nta i nc mm dit l he l ng r s r nd he r vi wed by t Uni M a ge e Tea . I c r s ,i a e w ho c pl t es a i hed goa s e e he t na m nt m n ont a t nm t s om e e t bls l oft pr r m m a ha t rs urt cas ii a i r duc d t Lev 6,atwhih poi t he og a y ve hei ec iy l s fc tons e e o el c nt he i na e i pl ce i o a gr s ti a r c ve m a oft s m e prvie asi a e i t m t s a d nt oup e tng nd e ei s ny he a i l ges nm t s n he ge a popul ton. l t i na e com pl est Le 6 pr a ,t i a e m a be s e ner l ai f he m t et he vel ogr m he nm t y t pped dow n t Leve 5 a pl e i t ge r popul ton. o l nd ac d n he ne al ai W hie c i i Red Oni s a fc l onfned n on, t f onduc e num e ous l A hea i t r vi w td r C rngs o e e Pl ntf housng sat a s c iy l vel ai ifs i t us nd e urt e .Spectc ly,t r lva l he rngsoc ured i ii a l he ee nt CA a i c r n 20l3 on A ugus 1 a 26,Se e be 24,a N ove be 4;i 201 o J nua y 31 A prl8, ul t 9 nd pt m r nd m r n 4 n a r , i J y 3 a 30,Se em be 4 a 25,a O c ober 1 a 1 Pl ntf c endst tt he r ngsw e e nd pt r nd nd t 4 nd 5. ai i f ont ha he a i r t r tay, t rone , é a ngls rja as m'be us t y c i dhi beived-oi birr ' i r ous' k ni e s, nd ha ' ca e he ontnue s le t be a 'e ' me un c s r s r ton e afe t KM CC i si aton had c ne es a y eg ega i ven tr he nve tg i omplt d wihoutr s tng i ee t e uli n any c r a ns hi . Pl i i falo a l ge t the r pea edl w a de ed t f r y- i ht ha ge gai t m a ntf s le s ha e t y s ni he o t e g hour 'a nc notc bef r 1 he rngsa t opporuniy t be he r d i t hea i . s dva e i e o e CA a i nd he t t o a d urng he rngs A non- e ntc def nda onduc e Pl ntf si ta 1 he r ng on Aug t 1 201 Pl i if t d ai i f nii l CA a i us 9, 3. a ntf w aspr enta t he rng a s a e he di no know why he wasa Re Oni a t the w a es t he a i nd t t d d t t d on nd ha s no c r ed w ih a di c plna y i r c i a KM CC . The ne da t I r om m e d t t t ha g t s i i r nf a ton t xt y, he CA ec nde ha Pl i ifr m an i a i sr i e s e ton pe ng r c dsr e a a o it housng a ntf e i n dm nitatv egr ga i ndi e or eviw nd ppr pra e i a s gnm e . D e e si nt f ndantY ounc a ove t r c m e i on A ugus 22, 3. e ppr d he e om ndaton t 201 You eco nc nduc e t 1 hea i on Augus 26,201 a lgedl outi e ofPli ifs t d he CA rng t 3, le y sd antf pr e es nce.Two daysl t r You er omm e d t Pl ntf bea sgne t Le S ba e on a e , nc ec nde hat ai if s i d o vel s d t r ce ta f rf pos i e i tt i nali r tonsatKM CC.De e ant Re Oni n he e nt r ns e or sbl nsiuto nfaci f nd s d o A s i t ntW a de W a r h a Re onalOpe a i Chi f G. .W a hi on a ove t s ssa r n lat nd gi r tons e K s ngt ppr d hi r comm e ton On Augus 30 a Se e r26,201 r s c i l e nda i t nd pt mbe 3, e pe tve y. Pl ntf a lgest ton Se e ai if le ha pt mber1 201 Youncei or 8, 3, nf med Pli ifoft a ntf he cl s ii ton de s on. Pl ntf a ked Younce w hy he w a a s gne t Le S e n t a s fca i ci i ai i f s s s i d o vel ve houg t h he K M CC i tga i ha cl ar d Pl ntf ofwr nves i ton d e e ai i f ongdoi Younc a l ge y s d t t ng. e le dl ai hat he W a de di notexpl i t r i al t hi : r n d a n he aton e o m Ho e t , n 1d n' k o 1m j s f lo n o d r.Th W a d nt l me n sl ma , o t n w. ' u t ol wi g r es e r e od y t cl s f you as a Le lCS' of e r a t s nd you t C- l ng t do o as iy ve I ' f nde nd o e o Buidi o t Chale he l nge Sere be vi pr a .... The e s no r tona e. I don' i s ha or ogr m r' ai l t know w hy t W a de ... sm a ng m e do t s t yo when t i tga i he r n i ki hi o u he nves i ton ce r da d y udd tr c iea y c ag s I 1wa y , 'd wrt i u a d lae n o in' e ev n h r e . f s ou I(j ie t p n go al t w a l he y. Pl i iff uls Y o e f notc a ntf a t unc or onduc i a pr tng operl hea i w ih a nce notc and CA rng t dva ie Pl i ifspr s nc a f t de e n M uli who, Pl n ifsc antf e e e nd auls f nda t lns as aitf ouns or wa r s nsbl el , s e po i e f pr e tng Pl ntf sduepr es rght .Pli ifas f ulsW a den M a he bo h f or ot c i ai if oc s i s a ntf lo a t r t na t or o derng Y ounc t i e e Pl i if scl s fca i de pie t conc us on oft K M CC r i e o ncr as a ntf as ii ton s t he l i he i s i a i a f notcor e tng t e r s a t rr vi ng Pl i if s r gul rgre nve t g ton nd or r c i he r or f e e ewi a ntf e a i vanc a e bout t cl s ii a i de i i Pl i ifal o f ulsW a r t W as ng on,a Regi l he a s fc ton c s on. a ntf s a t la h, hi t nd ona A dm i s r orH i e f r a ovi eiherYounce' c a s fc ton r om m e ton orM a he s ni tat nkl o ppr ng t s l s ii a i ec nda i t na' rj tonofPl ntf sg iva e. eeci ai if re nc Def nda Swi t Uni M ana rofRed Oni sC- l ng, e ewed Pl i ifs e nt ney, he t gc on' Buidi r vi antf s cu iy lvelonN ove r4,201 a r commende t Pl ntf be hous d i Le lS at e rt e mbe 3, nd e d hat ai if e n ve S - ( a e o n e i galng rp ro o sa l a j sme t' wi ya p o e hso M I t sd n e d n o e eid f tbe du t n . b 'S ne p r v d i wn r c m e i t s m e da Pl i ifc pl i t tt he r ng vi a ed due pr es be us e om ndaton he a y. a ntf om a ns ha he a i ol t oc s ca e he di no r ce ve f t ei hour 'a d t e i ory- ght s dvanc notc ort opporuniy t be pr e . Pl i tf e i e he t t o es nt a n if f t c pl i t he s d ha ha hi 1 c as ii a i he r ngseve y t ry days not urher om a ns hat houl ve d s CA l sf c ton a i r hi t , onc e r ni t da . e ve y ne y ys D e e ntLt D a c f nda . y onduct d t ne I hea i a Pl ntf sc ldoor o J e he xt CA rng t ai if el n anua y 31 r , 201 w ih Pl i i fs c 4, t a ntf ouns l ,de e e or f ndan K e e pr e . Lt D a r co m ende t tPl i tf t gl y, es nt . y e m d ha a n if rman h u e i Le e Sa ' M - 'ç a e o n e i galn e peido sa l aj sme t' e i o s d n v l t C I'd s d n e d n o g r ro f tbe du t n . S b ' Lt Day a lge y a . le dl nnounce he de ii a waked a y be or Pl i ifha t opporuniy d r c son nd l wa f e antf d he t t t s y anyt ng. Def nda K ibour appr d t r c m e to on Fe ua y 28,201 o a hi e nt l ne ove he e om nda i n br r 4. Pl ntf f uls Lt D a K e e a K iboum e f pe m itng t ç ha ' he r ng t r ul i hi ai if a t . y, gl y, nd l or r ti he t m ' a i o es t n s s c i d c i menta Le lS a notha ng atmea ngf ' r vi w e r t ry days ontnue onfne t ve nd vi ' ni ul' e e ve y hit . Lt Da alo r vi . y s e ewed Pli ifss urt lve on Aprl8,201 r c antf ec iy e l i 4, e omm e ngt t ndi ha Pan ifb r d c dt Le e S a S - b s do n e i ako g rp ro of tbl a j sme t litf e e u e o v l t M 2 a e n e dng ç n e e id sa e d u t n l and t m e tt r quie e soft s e dow n pr r m . Def nda Tunw r a Uni M a o e he e r m nt he t p og a ' ' e nt , t nage , r a ove t r co m enda i on Aprl22,201 A ga n, ai iff uls Lt D a a Tur rf ppr d he e m ton i 4. i Pl ntf a t . y nd ne or pe ti t Ss ' hea i t r s ti hi c i d co i m en a Le lS a notha ng a nnitng he tham ' rng o e ul n s ontnue nfne t t ve nd vi lm eani -l'r ew evel t rt days. s ngf ' evi u . hi y y De enda Tur rr vi w e Pl i if s s curt l velon J y 3,201 Fo da l t r f nt ne e e d a ntf e iy e ul 4. ur ys a e , Tu ne r com m ende t Pl i ifbe i e e t Le S a 1 - eve t gh Pl ntf had ha r re d hat a ntf ncr as d o vel t M 1 n hou ai i f d ar dy be r duce t Le lS SM - ha c plt d t Cha lnge Se i f l - a ha lea en e d o ve 2, d om e e he le res or M 0, nd d r m ai d cha ge fee. Tur ra oved hi own r c m e ton t s m e da Pl i if e ne r r ne ppr s e om nda i he a y. a ntf be i vesTunw ri r as d hi c as ii ton be us de e nt Ar rp a M a he s ea le nc e e s l s fca i ca e f nda s ti nd t na pr d unf ounde r or t tPl i ifc piedt ki d um s ha antf ons r o dnap,e c pe,a mur rt KM CC W a den, sa nd de he r e t ven hough Pl ntf a l ge y ha m ont ea le ,s ai i f le dl d, hs ri r hown Tu ne t i tga i r por f om r r he nvesi tve e t r K M CC exone a i hi ofa w r r tng m ny ongdoi Pl ntf c ude t tt hea i w asa Ss ' ng. ai if oncl s ha he rng tham ' be us i wa ba e onlalefct a sgleg i omai 'l tds conds anddi notalow ca e t s s d ' s a s nd ta l j nfr ton,'ase e f , d l hi t o m he pporuniyt behe r t t o a d. Tur ra s r vi w e Pl ntf ss curt l ve o Se e be 4,201 O n Se e be 29, ne l o e e d ai if e iy e l n pt m r 4. pt m r 201 Tur rr com m ende t tPl ntf r ai i Le lS a l - , he appr d hi own 4, ne e d ha ai i f em n n ve t M 1 and ove s r com m enda i on t s e da e ton he am y. I l t Se e be 201 Red Oni n s a fr c ve notc f om s a fa a s ci n a e pt m r 4, o t f e ei d i e r t f t pe al i s i tonsuni t tPl i i fha no be n c r a a r s tofK M CC ' i tga i nve tga i t ha a ntf d t e ha ged s e ul S nves i ton. Cons quenty,anon- f ntconduc e a i e i l hea i on Se e r25,201 a e l de enda t d n nt rm CA rng pt mbe 4, nd r om m e d t tPl i ips s urt l velbe r ec nde ha a ntf ec iy e educ d f om Le S t Leve 6.3 w arde e r vel o l n M a he a ove t r commenda i t ts me da notng,s- i or ton r a e t t na ppr d he e ton ha a y, i ç-he nf ma i elt d o l g an ifs a sg me t o gvv l 1 h sb e ce rdu Theeloe sn eheh sc mpltd plitf ) si n n t le e) S' a e n lae p. r gf r , i c a o ee t Ch le g g eis 1 l p o e shm t S 6.( anif a dIa r e , 6wa t ec re t he aln e slre , wil r c s i o L Plit l n g e d SL f s h o rc pr es i f rhi durng amee i on Septm be 24t ' ogr son o m i tng e r h. ' N earl t y hree w eeksl eron Oct at ober 1 201 Lt D ay r ew ed Pl ntf s 4, 4, . evi ai i fs ecuriy l t evel and r om m e d t tPl i ifbe a s g d t Stuct e Li ng Phas liba e on c pl ton ec nde ha a ntf s i ne o r ur d vi e l sd om e i ofChalngeSei ,90da c r fe , a a ovedbyDTT.'Tur ra ovedt le res ys ha ge reg) nd ppr ' ne ppr he 3Thi r om mendai w a adoptd on Ocobe 1 , 201 s ec ton s e t r5 4. 7 de ii t s m eda On Oc obe 1 201 anon- e ntr commende Pl ntf ss c iy c son he a y. t r 5, 4, def nda e d ai if e urt cas ii a i ber ed fom Leve S t Le l6,whih W a de M ahe a ove on t ne l sfc ton educ r l o ve c r n t na ppr d he xt day.4 Il. De e d n sag et t h yaee tt dt q aiidi nt a ds mma yj d me t A fn a t r u ha t e r n ie o u l e mmu iy n u r u g n . l f p ryi e tte t s mmayj d me t f h pe dng ,heds o eya dds l s r maeil o at s n ild o u r u g n i t e la i s t ic v r n ico u e tras n tl ,a any a fda t s i e nd fi vis how t tt r i no ge ne diput ast a m ae ilf t Fed.R. v. ha he e s nui s e o ny tra ac . Ci P.56() s eW ilamsv.Grfi 95 F. 820,823( hCi.1 )(e og zngapat i a; e li ifn, 2 2d 4t r 991 r c nii ry s e tt dt s mmayj d me ti ter c r a awh ec udno la arto a tiro fc t nil o u r u g n f h e o d s ol o l t e d ain lre f a t o e fndi fvoroft non- nt.i aei fcs' r t efcsne esayt e tbls t i na he mova ) t tral a t'ae hos a t c s r o sa ih he M eeme sofapa t sca eofa ton. Ande s v. be t Lthbysl , U . 242,248 l nt ry' us ci r on Li ry l nc.477 S. ( 986) A g nediput ofmaera fc e ssi,i viwi t r or a alr s bl 1 . enui s e t il a t xit f n e ng he ec d nd l ea ona e i e enc dr w n t r f om i a lghtm os f vor e t t non- ovi pa t a r as nf r es a he e r n i t a abl o he m ng ry, e onabl f ct ea fnde c d r t n a ve di f t non- ova . I The m ovi pa t ha t bur n of i r oul e ur r ct or he m nt d. ng r y s he de s howi - l ha i ,poi i outt t dit i tc t t tt r i a a e ofe de t ng ' t s ntng t o he s rc our - ha he e s n bs nce vi nce o s ppor t nonmovi pa t sc e' Ceotx Cor v.Cart,477U. 31 325( 986) l t u the ng ry' as .' l e p. tet S. 7, 1 . f he m ova s ts i s t sbur nt a if e hi den,t n t non- ovan m us s tf t s cii f t t tdem ons r t he he m t t e orh pe fc ac s ha ta e t e senc ofage nediput offc f ti .J ,a 322- A c tma notr ol he xit e nui s e a t or ral J- t 24. our y es ve di put d f c s w ei t e de e orm a de e m i tons ofc e biiy. Rus e lv.M i r s e a t , gh he vi nc , ke t r na i r di lt sl c odyne 4A Sa Level6 Pha e l i e, Pl n ifw a hous i a sngl c lw a unr sr nedf s s nmat aitf s ed n i e el, s e tai or howe sa r nd rcr tonsha gr ou sder crato f onehourt c pe wee hadgr i i r r tonf o hourwhen e eai d oup t i e e in or wie r k, oup nsde eceai or ne teewa n o ti rcet ,n cudwakt tediigh lwi ohrimae frmel.OnJn aj7 201, h r s o usde erai ad o l l o h nn al t te n tso as aur , 5 on h Plitfwa asg e t Srcue LiijPhs 2 OnApi2 , 01,h I rc mme ddtaPlitfb anif s sin d o tutrd vn ae . rl 2 2 5 te CA eo n e ht anlf e rasg e t Lee 5 teeyasg ighm t Re Onin'gn rl o uain Dee dn Mahn ajo e ta esin d o vl ,hrb sinn 1 o d o s eea p p lto . fn at tea prvd h t rcom mendai o Aprl30,201 AsofM a c 20l Pl ntf ha be hous a Ri N orhCore tonal e ton n i 5. r h 6, ai if s en ed t ver t r cl Cent . er Cor , F. 1 1 ( hCi.1 ;Sos be v.Muphy, F. 1 18 ( h Ci. p.65 3d 229, 239 4t r 995) e e 797 2d 79, 2 4t r 1 .l tad,ac ta e sastuet e de eoft non- ngpa t a r ol a1 986) nse our cc pt r he vi nc he movi ry nd es ves l i e na c lc sa i e e nt r l onf i t nd nf r ncesi t non- ovi pa t sf vor n he m ng ry' a .Cha bonna de Fr nc v. r ges a e Smih,597F. 406,41 ( h Ci.1 . t 2d 4 4t r 979) Quai i lsed mmuniypemisi r ntofii spefr ngdicei r t r t û nme fcal ro mi s rtonay gove f tons...(obe s ede fom la lt frcvi da ge i ofrast rco uc doesnot unci t 1 hil d r ibiiy o i l ma s ns a hei nd t vi a ec e ry e tbls d sat o yorconsiutonalrght ofwhih a r as olt l a l sa ihe t ut r tt i i s c e onabl pe s woul e r on d ha known. Hal v. tceal 457U. 8 818( 98 .Onc adeenda r ie t ve ' row Fiz r d, ' S. 00, 1 2) e f nt as s he qualfed i muniy de e e, pl n ifbea st bur nt s ii m t f ns a aitf r he de o how t ta de e ntsc ha f nda ' onduc t vi ae t pl ntf srg .Br ntv.Mut 994F. 1 2,1 ( hCi.1 ) oltd he ai if iht va h, 2d 08 086 4t r 993 . 11 1. Pl ntf a guest tt c tonshe e re e w hie s gr ga e a Le lS c tt ed ai if r ha he ondii xpe i nc d l e e t d t ve ons iut c u a u ua punihm e i vi ai n oft Ei ht a Fouree h Am e r el nd nus l s nt n ol to he g h nd t nt ndme s Pl i if nt . antf f t ra g st thi s e ton a Le lS vi a ed due pr es pr ec ed by t Fouree h ur he r ue ha s egr ga i t ve ol t oc s ot t he t nt A m endm e . nt A. k -l eDu P o e sClu egft F u te t Ame d nla fr (n imae n srh e r c s a s o he o re n h g n me t fo ds a n tj o gr a erpr t c i t n doest Cnz la Unus Pu s e sCl us ' w he t ti a e et o e ton ha he e nd ual ni hm nt a e ' n ha nm t cha l ngest s t i c le he ubsantve ondii ofhi c i m e . W hil y v. l r ,475 U . 31 3 tons s onf ne nt te A be s S. 2, 27 ( 98 ;seW ila v. nimi 77F. 756,768( hCi.1 .ç l to t tprs 1 6) e lims Be a n, 3d 4t r 996) ' egains ha ion Al c ondii tnvol t w a on a unne s a y i l c i ofpa n, or l e gr s y tons i ve he nt nd ce s r nti ton i ' ar os l di pr s opor i t t t s vert oft c i e, o ar ' ihouta pe ogi lpum os f l tona e o he e iy he r m ' r e w t ny nol ca e' al s r y w ihi t a bi oft Ei h A m e e - nott due pr s cl us ' Pret v. qua el t n he m t he ght ndm nt he oce s a e. i o ' Clr ,78 F. 245,251( h Ci. 5)( i Rhode v.Cha n, U. 337,347 ake 0 3d 4t r 201 quotng s pma 452 S. ( 981) TheEiht Ame 1 ). g h ndme çrquiesac toe mi whehe prs co tonsi e ntce r our t xa ne t r ion ndii mpos c ela unus punihme ,'whe e sçgl DuePr e sclus r quiesac tt deemi nl nd ual s nt' r a tthe oc s a e e r our o tr ne whehe asa ehaspr de prs r wih ade t pr s i a yi prs r gultonsa t r tt ovi d ione s t qua e oce s n ppl ng ion e a i nd polc e . l A c or ngl Pl ntf s s t ntve d pr es c ai aboutt c ton of i i s ' d. c di y, ai if ubs a i ue oc s l m ' he ondii co i m e m us be s um e i o hi Ei t A m e nfne nt t ubs d nt s gh h ndm e cl i . nt a m Pl i ifa l gest f l ng c tons ofs r ga i c tt e c ela unus l a ntf le he olowi ondii eg e ton ons iut nl nd ua punihm e be aus t y ar mor r src i t n condii expe i e byi t si ge r l s nt c e he e e e titve ha tons renc d nma e n ne a popul ton a Re Oni he c d notbuy a m uc fom t com m i s r ,he w a de i d of ai t d on: oul s h r he s a y' s prve peronalpr t lkeat l vii pe s s opery i e e son, r onalmusc plye ,s ke s a s gepr e t r ; i a r nea r , nd ur ot c o s he ea nwd a l rr t ofgood conduc tme;hi celdoorwasc t ce wih mor m e a 'i wa owe a e ti s l onsnl td t e tl t s , nota e s t c m uni t w ih ot r i na e ;he had outof ce lr r t o up t fveho sa s a y o om ca e t he m t s - - l ec ea i n o i ur w e hi out i r cr a i w a lm ie t a f nc i a ea wih bar d w ie;he c d s e ek; s s de e e ton s i t d o e ed n r t be r oul how r t e tm e awe k;hea ehi m e l al i hi c l he ha t we rs urt r sr i sa be hr e i s e t s a s one n s el; d o a ec iy e tant nd es t d w hic m ovi i i t pr s n'he e re e m or c l a sr p s a c s hi core l ng ns de he i o , xpe i nc d e e l nd ti e r he ; s com m u c tonsa e c t nty k ni a i r ons a l ' rs ve la '; c d notha c ac vi ia i a he unde ur il nce ' he oul ve ont t s t ton; nd c d notpa tc pat i gr e oul r i i e n oup duca i lorr i ous c as e . Pl i iff t rc pl i t tona elgi l s s a ntf ur he om a ns hat t s gr t i t i hi s c iy ofe he rl ud noie a s e lf ce a pe rs ay he e egaed nma es n gh- e urt tn a o s s nd m l e s nd ppe pr becaus t lconst l t e hey ç anty hrow f eces att guard and sm eari al overt w al and t r he t 1 he l hei cel ...., kikandba ont doora1da a ni lla foodt i c l whe t do t ls (1 c ng he 1 y nd ght, nd l her els n hey n' getw hatt w ant....' hey ' The Ei hAm e e e e sy pr hi t t i lc i ofS nlla unus ght ndm nt xpr s l o bis he ntiton ç e nd c ual puni hm ent . U . Cons .a end.V1 I Sl notonl ou l se e s ve s nt nc buta s s s ' S. ' t m l . çt y taw xc s i e e es lo pr e s i a es fom i ot ct nm t r nhum a t e t e a c tonsw hie i pr s d.' W ila s 77 F. ne r a m nt nd ondii l m i one ' li m , 3d a 761 Acc di y,t Ei hAme t . or ngl he ght ndmen Vmpos sdui on g ionlofiil whomus ts i e tes prs fcas t pr dehuma c tonsofc i ment' Fame v. e ovi ne ondii onfne . r r Brnnan,511U. 8 83 ( 994) ' S. 25, 2 1 . Spec fc l S ion ofi a sm us e ur t ti aesr eve a quae f ii aly,i s pr fcil t ns e ha nm t ec i de t ood,cot ng,s le , l hi het r a m e ca ca e,a m us t ke r s bl m e ur t g r nt e t s f t oft i a e . 1 nd di l r nd t a ea ona e as es o ua a e he a e y he nm t s ' d. ' (ntr lquottonsomit .W hiet Consiui pr e t i tsfom c u a unus l i ena ai ted) l he ttton otcs mnae r r el nd ua lvi c tons an i e i no e il d t r i bec us heha be n e i ng ondii , nmat s t ntte o elef a e s e xpos d t e o unc f r a e r t i tve, i onve e condii ofconfne e . Se Hende s n v. om o t bl , esr c i or nc ni nt tons i m nt e ro V ici a N o.7: c 00408,2007 U . D i t LEX I 70207,a *26,2007 W L 2781 22, * r ni , 06- vS. s . S t 7 at 7 ( . Va.Se .2l 2007)( a J) Raher Sgl t e e t ts c tonsae W D. pt , Com-d, .. t ,éto he xtnt ha uch ondii r r ti tve oreve ha s t y a e pa4 oft pe t t tc i i i a e pa f t rof e e esr c i n r h, he r l he naly ha r m nal nm t s y or hei f ns s agans s ey. Rhode v. pma 452U. 337,347( 981 . i t ocit ' ' s Cha n, S. 1 ) Tos r ies mmayj dg n wihrs c t t nEihh Ame d n Sr e a d u vv u r u me t t epe t o ' g t a n me t cu l n u us a'p ns me tcam, nimaemu t r v t ee n s ( ) h to j cieyte n u l u ih n li a n t s p o e wo lme t: 1 t a b e tv l h d p iain s fee o h ln ititdwa tu tce tys ro s'a d( )t t u j ci eyt e rv to u frd r an nlce s s f in l e iu , n 2 ha s be tv l he i prs ofii l a t d wih a éufii nty c pa e sae ofm i ''J on v.Oui ion fc as c e t s fc e l ul bl t t nd.' ohns nones 1 , 45 F. 1 1 ( hCi.1 ) s eDe'ont v. ol o 708F. 5 525( hCi. 3) For 3d 64, 67 4t r 998 ; e l a J ms n, 3d 20, 4t r 201 . t es be t c mpo n ,h imaemu ts o t a t ed fn a tlcu lyk ew o a d h u jci o ne tt e n t s h w h t h ee d n i t al ngl f n ve a dir r e a obeci l srousc ton,medialne d, rs ofham. Fame,511U. segadgdl n j tvey e i ondii c e or ik r ' r r ' S. at837. Fo teo j ciec mp n n, plitf mus etb ih$ çeiuso sg i a tp y ia r h b e tv o o e t a an if t sa ls 1 s ro r in sc n h sc l a o e to a ij r r s ligfo t ec le g dc n i o s o as bsa ta rs te e f' r moi n l nu y e utn r m h haln e o dt n ' r u tn il ik h ro .' i ' Del a 708F. a 525( i De'ont v.Angeone 330F. 630,634( h Ci.2003). 'ont, 3d t quotng l a l , 3d 4t r ) The e or apl ntf mus pr r f e, ai if t oducee denc ofas rousorsgnii a physc lore o i vi e ei i fc nt ia m tonal ij yr s ligfo t ec aln e c n iins l a i maeh sn ts fee s ro so nur e utn r m h h l g d o d to . f n n t a o u fr d e iu r e sg iia tp y ia o me tln uy a ar s l o t ec l n e c n to s h smpyh sn t in fc n h sc l r na ij r s e ut f h hal g d o di n , e i l a o e i b e s b e tdt cu l n u u u l u s me tp o btdb teEihh Ame d n .Stiklr e n u j ce o r e a d n s a p nih n rhiie y h g t n me t rc e v. ae s 98 F. 1 1381( h Ci.1 ;seDe'z t 330F. a 634(E de tae W tr , 9 2d 375, 4t r 993) e tona, 3d t : TO monsrt s h a e r e de i ton,a pr s nerm us ale a s rous ors gnii a phys c ore o i uc n xtem pr va i io t l ge e i i fc nt i al m tonal ij r r s ligfo t ec aln e c n to so d mo srt as b tn il ik o s c sro s n u y e utn r m h h l g d o di n r e n tae u sa ta rs f u h ei u e i har rs tngfom t prs ' expos et t c lng c tons'(ntr quotton m e uli r he ioners ur o he hale ed ondii . i enal ai ' mar a cttonomitdl. ks nd iai te ) Pl ntf ha notes a i hed t the s f r d a ts rousors gnii a phys c or ai if s t bls ha uf e e ' e i i t c nt i al e to a ij r 'a ar s l o b i gh usda Re Ono b t e Au u t 01 a dOco e moi n l nu y' s e ut f en o e t d in ewe n g s 2 3 n t b r 20 1 l t a he c pl i a 4. ns e d, om a ns boutt r i lhar s a pe s c d s f ,t l ngt oftm e he heo etca m r on oul ufer he e h i wa i s r ton,a t prvie r srctonshee ount e Howeve ,t 1w doesnot s n eg ega i nd he i lge e ti i nc er d. r he a es a ih t tc i m e i ad i sr tve s gr ga i i a ofis fa ount t c u a t bls ha onfne nt n m ni t a i e e ton n nd t el m s o r el nd unus puni hm e ,e i f a pr onge pe i Se I r Long Te A d i Se ega i of ual s nt ven f or ol d r od. e n e nn m n. gr ton l t De inaeda Fi Pec ntr,1 F. 464,469( hCi.1 ;Swee v.S. De t nmaes sg t s ve re es 74 3d 4t r 999) t C. p' ofCor.5 F. 8 8 - ( hCi.1 ) ûglolto fom c ni hi r titonon r, 29 2d 54, 61 62 4t r 975 . ils ain r ompa ons p,esrci i elct lsi ai , a pr onge i tviy'ae:i s apa ea co ni nt of ntle ua tmultong) nd ol d naci t ' r ine c bl c mpa me s s gr t c i m e ,' t e s c fc condii i l notr nde s r t c i e e ega ed onfne nt' and hos pe i i tons s l wi e r eg ega ed onfnem nt unc tt i labs ot rilgii aedeprva i ,' uc asa qua ef onsiutona ent he le tm t i tons's h de t ood,cl hi s tr ot ng, hele , a me ca cae.l r Fi Pece e s 1 4F. a 472( tng Swe t 529F. a 861. nd di l r n e ve r ntr , 7 3d t quoi e, 2d t ) Fur he m or ,t c pl i d ofc tonsa e no de i tonsofbas c hum a ne dsbutar t t r e he om a ne ondii r t pr va i i n e e he unco f t bl r t i tve,o i onve e c tons ofc i m e t ta e pa 4 ofPl i if s m ora e, es rc i r nc ni nt ondii onfne nt ha r l a ntf c i i pe t See e. ,Rhodes 45 U. a 3 Ac r ngl De enda sa e e il t rm nal naly. . g. , 2 S. t 47. co di y, f nt r ntted o q ai e i nt a ds mmayj d me t o t eEih hAme d n camsa o t h u li d mmu iy n u r u g n f r h g t t n me t li b u t e condii ofconfne e . tons i m nt B. Pl ntf a guest hi a oxi a el one ye r a s g e t Le S vi a ed due ai if r hat s ppr m t y - a s i nm nt o vel ol t pr s gua a ee by t Four e nt Am e oce s r nt d he te h ndm e . D e e nt a t c d va i O Ps i s nt f nda s ta he r ous n uppor t o t i moinf rs mmayj g n t a d no c v rt etmea is e Au u t 01 t f her to o u r ud me t h t o t o e h i t su : g s 2 3 o O c o r201 Spe i i aly, ef nt f l d O Ps 83 1, f ec i J 1, 4;830. e f c i t be 4. c fc l D enda s ie 0. e f tve une 201 2, f e tve J nuar 1 201 ,a 861 3,e f c i Apr l1 201 Pl i ift l d OPs 830. ef e tve J a y , 5. nd . f e tve i , 5. a ntf i e 1, f c i une 1 , 20l1;830. e f tve J nua y 1 2012;a 861. efec i O c obe 1 2011 Pl i tf alo fl d 2, f ec i a r , nd 3, f tve t r , . a n if s ie 83 A, f c i Fe ar 1 201 bu di noti udeisa t hmen s Ho ver Pli ifs 0. efe tve bnl y 8, 3, t d ncl t tac t . we , antf copi i l va i a t tons a none ofPl ntf sc e a e a c pa e by a bus nes es nc ude rous nno a i , nd ai i f opi s r c om ni d i s cus odi n' af i vi. The c tf t rnot st taddii lOPs a a t c e sr f r nce i t a s fda t our urhe e ha tona nd ta hm nt e e e d n t ep o e u e ma beu eu f ra j dc tn t ed ep o e scam.Ac o dn l Dee d n s h r c d rs y s f l o du iai g h u r c s li c r igy, fn a t' moi nf rs mma' j d me ti d n e wih u p eu iea t t ed epr c s cam. to o u l u g n s e id to t rj dc s o h u o e s li y Pur ua t St ndi O r r201 6,D e e s nt o a ng de 3f ndan s s lt l a ne m oto f s m a y t hal i e w i n or um r j udgme ont r mai ngFouree hAmendme cai s nt he e ni t nt nt l ms uppore by,i erai,t f l ng td nt la he olowi OPsorr vii t tweei ef tbewe nAugus 20l a Ocober201 420. ( tt e sons ha r n fec t e t 3 nd t 4: 2 abou he us o r sr itl 4 54(b u c l a sg me t) 8 2. (b u imaep o ry ; 3 . (b u e f e tan s; 2 . a o t el s in ns; 0 1 a o t n t r pe tl 8 0 1 a o t fclt ca sfc to ma g me t; 3 . (b u sc rt lv lca sfc to l 8 0A (bo tte a i y ls iiai n na e n) 8 02 a o t e u i e e lsiiain ; 3 . a u h i y Stpe DownPr a ;a 8 . (bouts ca housng) Al atc nt t apolc a notdi ogrm) nd 613 a pe il i . l ta hme s o iy, s e n t he r g nt t vi enc ea h,m us a com pa t polc 5 D e e nt s d s c tc ny he i y. f nda s houl uppor t i ar um e sw ih e d e, e pe al a t t l ltssi tte i Sa nv.Conne,51 U. 472,474( 995) Mahe s cily s o he ega e t denii d n ndi r 5 S. 1 , t ws v. drdae,424U. 31 323( 976 , it v.Cl ke 78 F. 245,247( h Ci.201 ,a El i S. 9, 1 ) Preo ar , 0 3d 4t r 5) nd l uma v.Stri 791F. 51 51 ( hCi. 5 , t ymus noewhe t r e nt nc a ilng, 3d 7, 9 4t r 201 ) and he t t n he elva KM CC i tgai i vi Pli ifc l nvesi ton nvol ng antf oncuded. Pli ifwilha t y- da t antf l ve went one ys o r pond, nd Def nda ss lr pl wihi f re da t r fe . es a e nt hal e y t n ou ten ys he ea tr l . V F rt ef rg i gr a o s tec u t rn sDee a t' to f rs mmayj d me tn o h o e o n e s n ,h o r g a t fnd n s mo in o u r u g n i pat st t Ei hhAme d n camsa dd ne i wih u p eu iea t t eFo re n h r a o he g t n me t li n e is t t o t rj dc s o h u te t Amendme c am saboutPl ntf cls iiaton a Le lS.De e nt l i ai ifs a sfc i t ve f ndant s l fl ane s hal ie w moi nf rs mmayj d me twi i fry fv d y , litf te wil a et n y o ed y t to o u r u g n t n o t-ie a s P an if h n lh v we t - n a s o h r pond,a De e nt s l r pl wihi f t n da t r a tr es nd f nda s hal e y t n ouree ys he e fe . EN TER : Thi s R d yo J l, 2016. a f uy / m 4 2 /.W +/' U nie St t s Di t i tJ t d a e s rc ' e 5I OPs420.2 a 425. ar notauhorz d f i epos e sonandpublcdicl ur ,t y m a befl f nd 4 e t ie or nmat ssi i s os e he y ied unde s alf i c r e or n amer r e . a eviw
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