Surface v. Boilermaker-Blacksmith National Pension Trust, No. 7:2014cv00528 - Document 33 (W.D. Va. 2015)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 9/18/2015. (lab)
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CLERKS OFFI U. DI COURT CE S. SX ATROANOKE. VA FI ED t I TH E UN I N TED STA TES D I STRI CO URT CT FO R TH E W ESTERN D I STRI OF V I GI I CT R N A ROA N OK E D I ISI V ON S 1h 2 1 EP 25 J AC ULI BY' IEX . ' . , f E ) CH A RLES G .SU RFAC E, Ci lA c i N o.7: 4CV 005 vi ton 1 28 Pl i if a ntf , M EM O R AND UM O PIN IO N BOI LERM AK ER BLACK SM I TH N A TI AL PEN SI TRU ST, ON ON H on. e E. o ad Gl n C m Chi fUnied St t D it i J e t a es s rct udge Def nda . e nt I t s a ton br htpur uan t t Em pl e Re i e e I om e Se urt A c of 1 n hi c i oug s t o he oye tr m nt nc c iy t 974 ($ SA',29U. C.j: s q.Chal G. rac se t r ove pe i be ft fom t k ERI ' ) S. . e , res Su f e e ks o ec r nson neis r he 1 Bolr k rBlc mi Nain lP nso Tr t(h ; u t) S ra ecamst t h Tr s i ma e - a ks t to a e in us t e ( s' . u fc li ha t e u t e h Tr ' i ope l de e hi c am f rpensonbe ft a br ac d isfduc a y dute . Thec e i mpr ry ni d s l i o i ne is nd e he t i i r is as s p ee tybeo et ec u to t ep ris co smoin frs mmayj d me t Fo t er a o s t r s nl f r h o r n h a t ' r s - to s o u r u g n . r h e s ns e e f rhb lw, o hmoi n wil ed ne wi o t rj iea dt ec s wil r ma d dt t Tr s o t eo b t to s lb e id t u p eudc n h a e lbe e n e o he u t h f a f la f i r e ofSu f c sc a m f pe i n bene is or ul nd a r evi w r a e' l i or ns o ft . Backeround S ra eb g n hsc r e a a id sra wed ri 1 7 , e h j i dalc l nio te u fc e a i ae r s n n u til le n 9 2 wh n e one o a u t f h Pl m be s& Pi i t r Uni u r pette s on. Sur a e pr m a iy wor o Pl m be s & Pi m e sw or ies a f c i rl ked n u r pet r ks t , nd he ha r ce ve pe i be f t f o c rbutons t tw e e m a t t tuni spe i pl n. s e i d ns on ne is r m onti i ha r de o ha on' ns on a Surface v. Boilermaker-Blacksmith National Pension Trust Doc. 33 To s e ntt wor t thepe f r e asame be oft Pl uppl me he k ha ro m d m r he umbe s& Pi fte sUni r pe it r on, Sur ace occasi l undert w el ng wor t w ast caly avaiabl onl t m em bersoft f onaly ook di k hat ypi l l e yo he Boiemake- a ks t Uni (d lr kes'. W he Surac wor o Boiema r prj cs lr rBlc mih on ç ema r' Boi ) n f e ked n lr kes oe t, a porton ofeach paycheck was cont but t t Tr t Hi cont i i bet een 1979 and 2004 i ri ed o he us . s rbutons w t aed $7, 34. ot l 892. Dockets.Justia.com , l 201 Sur a r n 2, f ce eque t d i or a i f o t Tr tabou t sat ofhi pe i bene is s e nf m ton r m he us t he t us s ns on ft . By l terda ed Se e ber25, 2, he Tr s a s d Sur ac t the di notq lf f a pe i n et t pt m 201 t u t dvi e f e ha d ua iy or ny ns o beneis bec us hei uredû e klq'i k ove e empl nt'whihc us hi t Co fi ft, a e nc r û a s' n ' r d br c oyme , c a ed m o t ret ' f pr vi hou sa c rbutons' BNF 00040. e ous r nd onti i .' l Sura cli st tt slte wa t frti t ncei whih hewa e gi n notc t t f ce am ha hi e tr s he is nsa n c s ver ve ie ha br a i co r d e pl e two d c us hi t f f i hi pe i be hs. Acc r i t e ks n ve e m oym n ul a e m o oret s nson nef o d ng o Sura ,t Tr s ne pr de hi wih c e ofpe i pl n doc e s s f ce he u t ver ovi d m t opi s nson a um nt, umma y pl n r a de c i i , a ot rnotfc tonst tw oul ha i o m e hi oft c e s rptons or ny he i i a i ha d ve nf r d m he ons quenc ofa br a es ek i c r e pl e . n ove ed m oym nt Upon r e vi t si ta c m uni t o Sur a e r t i d c ec i ng hi nii l om ca i n, f c e a ne ouns l who r ier t hi e, e t a ed s de mand f rpe i be isi aNove r1 201 lte t t Tr s . l ar pons lterdaed o nson neft n mbe 9, 3 e tr o he u t n es e e t t N ove be 26,201 Be h Ra ki ape i s pe vi or a know l dged r c ptof Sur a sdem a m r 3, t c , ns on u r s , c e e ei f ce' nd l te . Ra kir pore t ti ver Pa tci nti s ntaSumm a yPl nDes rpton whenc rbuto et r c e td ha ç y ri pa s e e r a ci i onti i ns com m e e on t rbeha f' a t tC r Pa tci ntt thashour a c rbutons s it d o nc hei l , nd ha t y r i pa ha ' eve s nd onti i ubm te n t i beha f r r es ofw he he o nott y a e e i bl f a be ft a e a 1s nts eq nt he r l, ega dl s t r r he r lgi e or ne i, r 1 e ubs ue SummayPlnDesrptonsa notc srga dngPe inPlncha asl asgheTr s ha)a r a ci i nd ie e r i nso a nges ong t u t s vald a es o fl ' l a 0034. Ra kif t rno e t td hes m ea e sha be n onfl snc i ddr s n ie. d. t ' c urhe t d ha t a t ddr s s e ie i e 1 a nor t n m alha e rbe n r c i d. I 993 nd eur i s ve e e e ve ' d. ' Sur a e' c f c s ouns lr ponde by l te d t d J nua y 29,201 l t l ter c e es d et r a e a r 4. n he e t , ouns i c t d el ndi a e t he had c e r a n w ih Sur a e, nd t tSur a e ha i or e c hat onf r ed gai t f c a ha f c d nf m d ouns t the ne r el ha ve r ce ved any s m a y pl n de c i i orot rpl n doc e si or i hi oft c e nc a e i um r a s rpton he a um nt nf m ng m he ons que es 1Thecour' ciai t CBNF'r f r t t pagi ton us i t admi sr tve r d. ts t ton o t ' e e s o he nai ed n he nitai ecor br a i s r cewoul ha onhi a lt t ob ai penson be is. Co elas no e t teve i e k n e vi d ve s biiy o t n i neft uns lo t d ha nf t Tr tha m a nt ne t s m e addr s f Su f c snc 1 he us d i ai d he a e s or r a e i e 993,t r wasno i c i t t he e ndi aton ha Sur ac ha r c ve a i or a i f om t Tr tbe w e n 1 a 1 f e d e ei d ny nf m ton r he us t e 979 nd 992. I ar pl l te daedFe ua y 1 201 Rac r s n e y et r t br r 3, 4, ki e pondedt Sura e' r que tf pr t ta o f c s e s or oof ha s m m ar pl des r pton ha be n s n t Sur a . R a kii ca ed t tk tt stm e, he onl pr u y an c i i d e e t o f ce c ndi t ha f hi i t a y oof w e a e a e t pr de i a s r e s f om ourc pu e s t m s i a c i t fe d t ti r bl o ovi s c e n hot r om t r ys e how ng ode n he i l ha s c oded w he an SPD i s n t a pa tci nt The c i t tfe d,k 'i c t t tSur ac w a n s et o ri pa . ode n ha i l P, ndi a es ha f e s s nta SPD .' 1 a 21. Ra kia s i c t t tt Tr s di notha a c put rr co ds of e n ' d. t c l o ndi a ed ha he u t d ve ny om e e r Sura e' a es prort 1 andt ta i ddr shit ywasnotsve i gheTr ts c fc s ddr s i o 993, ha n s es sor a a d n t us') omputr e s t prort t tda e.' I Rac not d t tSur a ' a a w oul be he r by t Pe i ysem i o ha t ' d. ki e ha f ce s ppe l d ad he ns on Appe l Com m it e a advi e hi t the c d s i a tona i or a i f t c m it e' as t e , nd s d m ha oul ubm t ddii l nf m ton or he om te s consi aton. der i On M a 30,201 Sura e s y 4, f c ubmit d as n de a a i i s te wor clr ton n uppor ofhi a a . l t t s ppe l n he deca ai Sur a e saedt the ne rr ceve a penson pln doc e sorot rnotc s lr ton, f c t t ha ve e i d ny i a um nt he i e i or nghi t tbr ksi c r e oym e c d c us hi t f f i hi pe i bene is or nf mi m ha ea n ove ed mpl nt oul a e m o ore t s nson ft , ot r i e a sng hi oft c e nc ofa br a i s r ce. Sur ac al o i ca e t tt he w s dvi i m he ons que es e k n e vi f e s ndi t d ha he a es t tt Tr tc a m e t ha ha on fl f hi snce 1 93 w a a f m iy m e ber sad es , ddr s ha he us l i d o ve d ie or m i 9 s a l m ' dr s a t theha ne rr ei d a pln doc nt a t a e satwhi h heha a t ly lve snc nd ha d ve ec ve ny a ume s t he ddr s c d cual i d i e 1 993,ora a poi be or t t t ny nt f e ha . Sura e' appe washea d on J ne l 201 Thead i sr tver cor i l sa fc s al r u 0, 4. m nitai e d ncude m e or ndum s m a i i t a m a um r z ng he ppea . The m e or ndum sa es i pe tnentpa t a f l s l m a tt , n ri r , s olow : ISSU E : Shoul t Pe ne Br a i Cove e Em pl e r e be a i d w he d he nua nt e k n rd oym nt ul s pple n det m i ng t Partci ' elgi lt f a beneft er ni he i pant s i biiy or i? REA SO N FO R A PPEA L: The Pari pa s f r Pe m a tci nt uf e ed r nentBr a i Cove e Em pl e on Se e be 30, e ks n rd oym nt pt m r 1 983;Se e ber30,1 pt m 990;Se e be 30,1 6; Se e be 30, 04 f f ii a l pt m r 99 and pt m r 20 or e tng l ho sa c rbutons s it d on hi be l . ur nd onti i ubm te s ha f APPEAL : The Pa tc pa t s a t ne s a e t tt Pari i ntw asa m e beroft Pl m be s r i i n ' tor y t t s ha he tc pa m he u r a Pi fte sU ni a o y wor i t boie m a rt a i ennit nty. He nd pe it r on, nd nl ked n he l r ke r de nt te l s a est Pa tc pa w a neve pr de a o alorm i t no i e t tbr a i t t he ri i nt s r ovi d ny r ten t c ha e ks n c r e pl en co d ca ehi t f f i be is a he wasa s i or ed t t ove ed m oym t ul us m o or e t neft , nd l o nf m ha t Pe i n Tr twoul s f gua d hi c rbutonsa pr det ef he nso us d a e r s onti i nd ovi hos ' al unds ong wih t a r d be ft whe her tr d. Theat ne cai st tt Pe i Tr t t he cc ue neis n e ie tor y l m ha he nson us mus is be ist t Pa tcpa bec us hewa noti or e oft r es t s ue neft o he ri i nt a e s nf m d he ul go r ng br ks i c r e pl e . ve ni ea n ove ed m oym nt I at7. d. By l te da e J 11, 4,t Tr ti onne Sur a ' co elt tt a alha bee e t r t d une 201 he us nf d f ce s uns ha he ppe d n deni ba ed on Se ton 3. oft pe i pl n,gove ni br aksi c r d e oy e . The ed, s c i 05 he nson a r ng e n ove e mpl m nt Tr ti c t t tt ts ii ras ghe a al de e i be us Mr Surac hasnot us ndiaed ha he ipecfc e on t q ppe was nid s ca e . f e f fle t ve tng r r m e si or rt be e il d t a pe i n bene i.' 1 a 2. The l te ul il d he s i equie nt n de o ntte o ns o ft' d. t e tr a s dSurac ofhi rghtt a alhedenilofbe isunde Se ton5 a)ofERI wihi t dvie f e s i o ppe t a neft r ci 02( SA t n wo yea soft da ea dee mi ton wa ma byt Tr t Thelterdi notaddr s Sura e' r he t tr na i s de he us . et d e s fc s a gume t thene rr c ve notc oft pln' pr sonsg ni br a i c r r nt ha ve e ei d ie he a s ovii over ng e ks n ove ed em pl ent oym . Sur a fl d t i t nta ton on Se e be 24, 4. l hi c pl i ,Surac a s r sa f ce ie he ns a c i pt m r 201 n s om a nt f e se t cli f be isunde Se ton 5 a( )B)ofERI 29U. C.j 1 a( )B) a acam f am or neft r ci 02()1( SA, S. 132()1( , nd li or brac oftducir dutesunde Se ton502()3) 29U. C.j1l a( . e h i ay i r ci a( , S. 32()3) Thep riss bsq e tyfldcos- t nsf rs mmayj d me t wh c weeh ado a t u e u nl ie r smoi o u r u g n , ih r e r n e o M ay 27,2015. The m ateri now r pe f r ew . t s i or evi 4 D i si scus on 1. C l m forw ronaf deni of beneft ai ul al is l CountIofhi c pl nt Sur a e s e r vi w oft de a ofhi cl i f pe i n s om ai , f c e ks e e he ni l s a m or ns on be ft, s ntt Se ton502()1( ofERI neis purua o ci a( )b) SA. Thi s ci a horz aplnpa tci ntt s e ton ut ies a ri pa o brngat i la ton .. t r cove bene isduet hi unde t tr sofhi pln, oe or hi rght i t vi c i c .o e r ft o m r he e m s a t nf ce s i s unde t t nnsoft pl n, t cl rf hi r gh st f ur be ft unde t t r s oft pl ' r he e he a or o a iy s i t o ut e ne is r he e m he an. ' U. C.j 11 a( )B)2 S. 32()1( . Thes opeofadititc tsr vi i a a ton c le ngt de a ofbe ft u er c src our' e ew n n c i ha lngi he ni l ne is nd j1l a ()B)geneal t nso whehe t be ftplna is vesst plnadmi sr t wih 32()1( rly ur n t r he nei a t sue t he a nitaor t di c e i r a ho iy t d t nni elgi lt f rbe ft ort co tue t t r soft pl n. s r tona y ut rt o e e ne i biiy o ne is o ns r he e m he a Fie t Tie& Rubbe Co. Br c 489U. 1 ,11 ( 989)Het v. rsone r r v. u h, S. 01 5 1 ; lon AT&T I , F. 343, nc.709 3d 351( h Ci.201 . ig j n (nERI be i pln vet wiht plna nitaort 4t r 3) 'W he a SA neft a ss t he a dmi srt he di c e i r a hor t t m a elgi lt de e m i tons f be fci r e ,a r vi ng c t s r tona y ut iy o ke i biiy t r na i or ne i a i s e ewi our e ua e t pl n a i sr t ' de i i f a e o di c e i '' H e t 709 F. d a 35l val t s he a dm ni t a or s c son or bus f s r ton.' lon, 3 t ( i W ila v. er LieI .Co.609F. 6622,6 ( hCi. 0). I apl doe no quotng lims M to. f ns , 3d 29 4t r 201 ) f an s t gi t pl n a i sr t s h di c e i r a hort t a i s r t r sdec son i r e e de ve he a dm ni t a or uc s r tona y ut iy, he dm ni ta o ' i i s evi w d novo. I Unde et rsa r ofr vi w, we ,- a e ofdic e i ordenovo - t d. r ihe t nda d e e ho ver - bus s r ton - he a i s r orm us com pl w ih t pr ed a gui i s tf t i ERI a isi pl m e i dm ni tat t y t he oc ur l delnes e orh n SA nd t m e ntng 2 Bef ebrngi a aci f wr uldeni ofbeneft unde 29 U. or i ng n ton or ongf al is r S. jl 3 ()l( ,a ERI A C. 1 2 a()B) n S cli amantmus e t xhaus t a nitatver t he dmi sr i emedi pr de by t empl es ovi d he oyeebe i pl Ga e v.Unie Par nett an. yl td cel Sev,n .4 F.d2 2, 2 (t Ci. 0 5 ; e as Ma a v He 1hCaeCop.8 2F.d8 8 (t Ci.l 8 ) r .lc, 01 3 2 2 6 4h r 2 0 ) s e lo k r . at r r , 7 2 O, 2 4h r 9 9 (x usi ofa mi srtv rme e i i pe e uii t a ERI A a tonf rde a of n ft'. ( ha ton e ha ton d nitaie e dis s < rrq st o n S ci o nil be eis' t usi a e ) Ex .. . çn be plnGd caist efce tyma g terf d;cretterer s itrrtpa po so s a d e a ls a u ire o fiinl na e h i un s orc h i ror;nepe ln rviin ; n a e e af ct r cor whih wilas lta c ti r viwi t tducires'ac i .' Smih v.Svdnor l ss mbl a ual e d c l ss our n e e ng he i ai tons'' t , 84 F.d35 , 61( hCi.199 (uoijMa a, 7 F.da 8 ) l t sc s,iiu dip tdt tSufc e h utd 3 6 3 4t r 9 )q tn kr8 2 2 t 3. n hi ae ts n sue ha rae x a se hsa nitaier me e b fr tl s tu e j11 2 a( )B) i dmi srtv e dis eo e il ui nd r 3 ()1( . ng 5 rgultons Halv. er LieI . ,259F. x589,593(t Ci. )(ii W e ve v. e ai . l M to. f ns Co. App' 4h r 2007 ctng a r Phoe x HomeLieMut I . ,990F. 1 4,158& n. ( h Ci.1 ) ni f . ns Co. 2d 5 3 4t r 993). A sr e nt r ,I SA r quiest te r e pl ee be f t a t ovi a qua enotce el va he e û ERI e r ha ve y m oy ne i pl n pr de de t i i w rtng t any pa tc pan w hos cl i f be ft ... be de ed,s tng f t t s ii n ii o rii t e a m or ne is has en ni eti orh he pec f c ras f s hde a.' Ga inov.Reinc StndadLiel .Co.5 F. 230,235( hCi. e ons or uc nil'' cla la e a r f ns , 47 3d 4t r 2008 (ii 29U. C.j 11 . Theplnmus alod for ar s na eopporuniyt a ) ctng S. 33) a t s t f d ea o bl a t t o ny pa tc pa w hos c a m f bene i shasbee de ed a f la f rr vi w by t a opr a e na ed r i i nt e l i or tt n ni ul nd ai e e he ppr i t m fduci r oft de i i n de ng t c a m . 29 U . C.11 i a y he c s o nyi he l i ' ' S. 33. Ther gul to i pl m e i t s e a i ns m e ntng he e pr s ons s iy t cl i spr dur sne es a y t m e tt s a u or r qui e en s f a k ul a ovi i pec f he a m oce e c s r o e he t t t y e r m t or ' l nd f f rr vi w p i l ng, notlm ie t dar vi w t tt kesi t a c ai e e ' nc udi but ' i t d o, t e e ha a n o c ounta lc m e s doc ent , l om nt , um s r c ds a o he i or a i s it d by t c a m a tr l tng t t cl i , iho r ga d t e or , nd t r nf m ton ubm te he l i n e a i o he a m w t ut e r o w he he s h i o m a i w a s it o c i r d i t i talbe f tde e m i ton. t r uc nf r ton s ubm ted r ons de e n he nii ne i t r na i ' ' 29C. R.j256 503-( ( (v) F. 0. 1h)2)i . A st U nie St t Cour ofAppea sf t Fourh Cic te a ne i Gagla he t d a es t l or he t r ui xpl i d n i no, (l pur eoft ERI ma tda alpr e si a i ra o . Tha the pos he SA ndae ppe oc s s n mpo tnt ne t pr e sena e acai twhoi denid be ist ha a i ri lad i sr tve oc s bl s l man s e neft o ve n mpa ta m nitai r e butalo ma a a i sr tver cor f a c tr e i t tl tro ur . eviw, s ke n dm nita i e d or our eviw f ha ae cc s W ihou t sop t t t m a a m ea ngf a i s r tve r c d, ur sc d not t t hi poruniy o ke ni ul dm ni ta i e or co t oul pr rype f m t t k o r viwi s h c am s as ii f ton e r t dt t ope l ror he as f e e ng uc l i , pecfc unc i ntuse o he co t by ER I . M or ove , a pa tc pa sw oul be de e t rs a ut y r gh s ur s SA e r pl n r i i nt d ni d hei t t or i t . Pr e a gui i a e a t f oc dur l delnes r t he ounda i ofERI a f la f rr vi w m us be ton SA nd ul nd ai e e t cons r d ... o pr e ta pl n pa tci ntf om ar tar orunpr nc pl d t ue t ot c a r i pa r bir y i i e deci on- aki si m ng. Ga ino,547F. a 235(nena ctto a quoai maksomit . gla 3d t itr l iain nd tton r ted) I t i t ntc s ,t a i s r tve r c d pr desno i c ton t t Tr t sr vi w of n he ns a a e he dm nit a i e or ovi ndi a i hat he us ' e e Surf scl m f pensi beneût t i o accountial com m ent ,docum ent ,r ds and ot ace' ai or on s ook nt il s s ecor , her i or tons te byt cama rltngt t cli 'asrquie by29C. R.j nf mai ubmitd he li nt eai o he am,' e r d F. 6 2560.03- ( ( (v) W he Sura a l t de alofbe ist t Pe i Appe l 5 1h)2)i . n fce ppeaed he ni neft o he nson as Com m it e, s c fc ly a g d t the ne rr ce ved any s m a y pl n de c i i ora ot r te he pe ii a l r ue ha ve e i um r a s rpton ny he pl n doc e s i or i hi oft pe i pl n' r esr ga di br a i c r d e pl e , a um nt nf m ng m he ns on a s ul e r ng e ks n ove e m oym nt a he s it d a s n de a a i t t efe . Alhoug t memor ndu s nd ubm te wor clr ton o hat f ct t h he a m ummarz ng ii Sur a e' a alf t Pe i A ppe s Co m i e cl a l lss t no i a gum e ast prm ar f c s ppe or he nson al m t e e r y i t he tce r l nt he i y bas sf t a al t fnalde all te m a s no r f r nce t t s a gum e ort Sur a ' s or i or he ppe , he i ni e t r ke eee o hi r nt o f ce s w n de a aton. Thus eve i t a g e wasa t ly c i ed i r nde i t a al ci i t cl r i , n f he r um nt c ua l ons der n e r ng he ppe de son, he Tr tfi dt p o iea e u t n tc of h ra o sfrwh c t ea g me t srj ce , s us al o r vd d q ae o ie t e e s n o ih h r u n wa ee td a e r uie by29U. C.j 11 . Cons que l t c tsunabl t prpel pe fr ists of eq rd S. 31 e nty,he our i e o o ry rom t a k r ew i t Tr t' deci on. evi ng he us s si I c ess h ast s w he e t r i a pr dur lERI vi a i n, he Fourh Ci c thas n as uc hi , r he e s oce a SA ol to t t r ui r cog z t tl he a opr a e r m e i t r m a t m a t rt t pl n a i s r t r s t ta e ni ed ha i ppr i t e dy s o e nd he te o he a dm ni ta o o ha t i ul and f i r vi w 'c n be a c pls d. G a i f l ar e e a c om i he ' ' clano,5 F. a 240. Thi pos ton i co i t nt 47 3d t s ii s ns s e w ih t r e ofo he cic t a t Fourh Cic ts obs r to i Sedl k v.Br s lSe v c t he ul t r r uis nd he t r ui' e va i n n ac a wel r i es Gr l . 1 F. 219,225( hCi.1 t tpr e a vi ai ofERI geneal donot oupp nc, 34 3d 4t r 998) ha oc durl oltons SA rly gi r s t a s t tve r ed Se Late v. Hea t Se v.& I m .Co. 563 F. 1 ,1 ve ie o ubsan i em y. e l ur La. 1h r nde , 3d 48 57 ( hCi. 5t r 2009)(ole tngc es;sealoShebyCount He 1hCaeCom . M>isi StrCa i c lci as l e s l y at r v. e tc a sno. LLC Gr pHe t Be iPln, 1F. 355, ( hCi. ou a1h neft a 58 3d 373 6t r 2009)( i t trma i a o it notng ha e nd s pprprae w her t pl n a i s r t r sde i i n s f r f om pr edu a ir gul rte ,s h a d he e t pl n e he a dm ni ta o ' c s o uf e s r oc r l r e a ii s uc s i r he a w admi srt meeytale ...oe anade tl t goundsofgt)decson'' (uotng nitaor rl figd) t xpli quaey he r is ii ') q i Cadwelv. f l .Co.ofN. ,287F. 1 1 ( 0hCi. 2). l l Lie ns Am. 3d 276, 288 1 t r 200 ) l t absence ofany cicum s ances t m i s n he r t hat ght upportan excepton t t s generalr e,t i o hi ul he cour concl t udest t pr hat he operr edy i t r and Sur ace' cl m f pensi beneft t t Tr t em s o em f s ai or on is o he us , s t the r e vest S ul a f rr vi ' o whi h he i e il d unde ER I ,a hast o ha ec i he t l nd ai e ew' t f c s ntte r SA nd he opporuniy t m a am ea ngf ad i sr tve r c d. On r m a t Tr ts l c i rt t t o ke ni ul m ni ta i e or e nd, he us ha l ons de he e e t w hi h i w a r quied t p ovi notc oft pe i pl n' br k-n- e vi a ves i xt nt o c t s e r o r de i e he ns on a s ea i s r ce nd tng r r m e t ' he he Sur a e di i f c ,r c ve notc oft e r qui e e s a i Sur a di equie n s w t r f c d, n a t e ei , i e hes e r m nt ' nd, f f ce d , notr c ve notc whe he t Tnl ts d a a d pe i be f t orr t n hi c rbutons t e ei i e, t r he s houl w r ns on ne is e ur s onti i o rme t a nitai e r . Se e. , t 709F.dat357- (oncl ngt tt e dy he dmi srtve ror e. g.Helon, 3 59 c udi ha he def nda ab ed isdi c e i n i de ng t pl i if sr e nt us t s r to n nyi he a ntf eque tt r cou l tpens on be ft , s o e p os i ne is whe et de e ntsde son t tt pli ifr c ve a q t notceofac nget herpe i r he f nda ' cii ha he antf e ei d de uae i ha o nson pl n w a nots a s uppored by s t nta e de e, nd t pl n ga t a i sr t br d au hort t t ubsa i l vi nc a he a ve he dm ni ta or oa t iy o rme pas eror,s hast f l et a quaeyi or abe fca yofamaeilplnc nge. e dy t r s uc he aiur o de tl nf m ne iir tra a ha ) ll . C l m f breach offduci dut es ai or i arv i Sur a e a s c a m st tt Tr tb e c d isfduci r dute u rER I by f ii t f c l o l i ha he us r a he t i a y i s nde SA a lng o pr de hi w ih pl n doc e sdurng t tm e pe i i whi h he w a w o ki o Boier a r ovi m t a um nt i he i rod n c s r ng n l m ke s wor ie a c rbutng t t Tr t Sur a s e e t bl r le ,i t f r ofr tt i kst s nd ont i i o he us . f ce e ks quia e e i f n he o m es iuton, unde Se ton 5 a ( ofERI 29U. C.j11 a( . r ci 02()3) SA, S. 32()3) On r m a a s tf t a e nd. s e orh bove,t Tr tw ilc i rw he he Sur ac s pe i n he us l ons de t r f e' ns o c rbutonss d be r tu t hi . I t c rbuto a er t ned,s hr le wo d m a onti i houl etmed o m f he onti i ns r eur uc ei f ul ke Sur a ewhol a r nde moothi r s f re tbl r if SeeHet 709 F. a 351n. fc e nd e r s eque t o quia e ele . lon, 3d t 2 ( ci ngt c i rwhehe t dititc tpr ry f f t pl ntf onhe brac of de lni o onsde t r he src our opel ound or he ai if r e h fduc a y du y c a m ,s nc t di ti tco tsawa d ofl tpe i be ft m a t pl i if i i r t l i i e he sr c ur ' r os ns on ne s de he a ntf whol) Asars tt cour fndsi a r praet hol t scam i abe ncepe ngt e. e ul,he t i t pp o it o d hi li n ya ndi he condusi oft r and pr on he em oceedi ngs. Concl i us on Fo ter a o ssae t ep ris co smo in frs mmayj dg n wil ed nid r h e s n ttd,h a t ' r s- to s o u r u me t l b e e e wi u p eu iet rn wa, n tec s wil erma d dt teTr s f rf rh rp o e dn s t t rj dc o e e l a d h a e l b e n e o h u t o u te r c e ig ho c it twih t sopi on. onssen t hi ni Th Clr i d rce t co eti c s d rn rma d, u jc t r o e i ,fteplitf i e ek s ie td o ls h s a e u ig e n s be t o e p nng i h an if s de e pe i be isa a i s e r r s i t s c t The Cl r i f t rdi e t d t s nd ni d ns on neft nd ga n e ks ed e s n hi our. e k s urhe r c e o e c esoft s m e or ndum o ni a t a co pa ng or rt a lc opi hi m a pi on nd he c m nyi de o 1 ouns lo r cor e f e d. ENTER: Ths ( i ? d yo Se tmbe, 2015. a f pe r Chi fU nied St t D i ti tJ e t a es s r c udge
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