Davies v. Virginia CVS Pharmacy, LLC et al, No. 7:2014cv00175 - Document 64 (W.D. Va. 2014)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 11/17/2014. (ssm)
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Acceptng t wel- ed f s i t am ended com pl ntast ast scour m us w hen i he lpl act n he ai rue, hi t t r i onamotont dimis s eGiraa v. o on,521F.d 298,302(t Ci. ) t ulng i o s s, e artno J hns 3 4h r 2008,he Dockets.Justia.com f c sa easf l vs at r oloN : Pl i t f V i t i Davi s i t a m i sr t oft e t t ofLa r K a ar K a a a a n i f c or a e s he d nit a or he s a e m ana m a. m r wa iv le i ac ra cd n o o a o t v mb r2 , 01 t t a e hm t s fe ij re , s n ov d n a c ie t n r b u No e e 8 2 2 ha c us d i o u fr nu is i udi abr ke l DktNo. a !!2,5. a ncl ng o n eg. . 49, t The mende c antf t ralege t t a t d ompli urhe l s ha, the tm eoft a ci t Ka r waswor ng wihi t s opeofhi e oym e a t tç s i he c den , ma a ki t n he c s mpl nt nd ha s hi e o e p o i dwo k r c mp n ain c v r g t r u hOn g e c n a do On Be c n mply r r vde r e s o e s to o ea e h o g e Bqa o n /r e a o prvie d rc is rn ec v rgef r' i l . t! 1 ,1 . o d d ie t n u a c o ea o 'hm. d a ! 0 1 Afert a ci nt Ka a awasa it dt Ca ii Roa t he c de , m r dm te o rlon nokeM e ora Hos t l whe e m il pia , r he unde we s ge i sa r ceved o he me c te t nt Hi m e ca pr de sdee ne r nt ur re nd e i t r di al r a me . s di l ovi r tnni d h wo l ne d a tc a u ainte t n i o d rt p e e tfrh rijty a dh wa p e c ie e u d e nio g lto rame t n r e o rv n ' te n t , n e s rs rb d u r Love a Coum a n upo hi di c z The hos t l spha m ac w a una e t pr de t nox nd di n s s ha ge. pia ' r y s bl o ovi he pr c i i , o a r ng e sw e e m a t l a e a pha m a y t tco d pr de t m .The es rptons s r a em nt r de o oc t r c ha ul ovi he a e d compl i al ge ,' m nde ant le s t upon i onnai n a bei , t tt hos t lwoul no ha nf to nd lef' ha he pia ' d t ve di c r d K a a a i i w e e notc r a n t the woul r e ve t pr c i i nspr pty. d. t s ha ge m r ft r e t i ha d ec i he es r pto om l l a T 68 T -. A CVS e oyeet dDa e t tCV Sha t m e cne a ia ea woul pr de mpl ol vis ha d he dii s va lbl nd d ovi t . hen Davi a rve a t pha m a y, hem W es ri d t he r c howe r s wa i o ve , he s nf nnedt tt r wa a ha he e s pr e wih t media i beng a oved f rpa e , t tt y woul be a ia e oblm t he c tons i ppr o ym nt and ha he d va lbl a tras r tme.d. t!9. t hDa e wasa et obti ot rdic r pr s rpto fe ho t i 1 a Alhoug vis bl o an he s hage e ci ins f o CVS,hea e d co pli a lgest tCVS r f e t f1 t a i gulton rm t m nde m a nt le ha e us d o i1 he ntcoa a i pr c i i ,a t tdee ntOneBe c ( is damedialri s me polc esrptons nd ha fnda a on who sue c embure nt iy alge ycovei Ka a rf edt pa f t m.Ka r ne rrcevedt a ioagulton le dl rng mar) eus o y or he maa ve e i he ntc ai pr cr pt onsand Cs equenty di f om com plcatonsdue t nott ng t es i i çubs l ed r i i o aki hose m edi tons ca i , s v r l a ltr'Dk. . 9a ! 1 e ea d ys ae , tNo 4 t 4. ' The a ende c pl nta l ge t ti a di e ta pr xi a e r ul ofK a a a' m d om ai le s ha ' as r c nd o m t es t m r s ij re a deah,hesaut ybe iire ha bee c us dt s fra i ur' rous n u is nd t t tt or nefcais ve n a e o ufe nd nc 'vai dn a . m ges Thes i l d or ow ,g i f m e a a e nc ude d r s r e , nt l ngui h a s f r ng,a t l sof s ac , s nd uf e i nd he os ol e i udi s i t c pa o hi c m f tgui nc ,ki y ofi es a advie ofLa a ncl ng oc ey, om ni ns p, o or da e ndl fc , nd c mr na Ka a a,' s w e la t l sofhi i m e a s r ce ,a e ns s f hi c r ,tea m e t m r 'a l s he os s nco nd e vi s nd xpe e or s a e r t n , ho pi lz to a df n rls r ie .d. t 1 s t iain n u ea e vc s I a ! 5. a Thenme d c nde ompl i a s rsonl t co s Countonea lgesneglge ant s e t y wo unt . le i nt pe f r a eofa as um e dut a ns bo h de e nt .Countt al ge t ta s c a r o m nc n s d y gai t t f nda s wo le s ha pe i l r a i hi e s e be w e n One ac a K a a a be a e OneBea on w a C s i tr r el tons p xit d t e Be on nd m r c us c s i ns te hi a / wo ker c nd or r s ompe a i ca re ' a be us OneBe c hadbe un pa ng f hi hos t l ns ton rir' nd ca e a on g yi or s pia te t e a pr s rpton m e cai a t ha adut t c us te t e t bepr de f r am nt nd e c i i di tons nd hus d y o a e r am nt o ovi d or hi ,t i a1i ur nc a / wo ke sc m d n 1 ns a e nd or r r ompe ai c s s whe t m e ca te t nti as ns ton a e , n he di l r a me s p o i e tr u hd co sa dp ama iss lce b t ei u a c c rir'I a ! 1 - 0 l r v d d h o g o t r n h r ce ee td y h ns rn e a re . d. t ! 8 2 . t ' f t r a l ge t tO ne ac neg i nty f ie t a ho i e paym e f rt a i agul ton urhe le s ha Be on lge l a l d o ut r z nt o he ntco a i m e c ton a f ie t c us t m e cai n t bepr de bot o t da eofdic r a dia i nd al d o a e he di to o ovi d h n he t s ha ge nd s r lda t r a tr pr m ael c usng Ka a a sdeah. eve a ys he e fe , oxi t y a i m r' t Thus bot oft c sa s r , h he ount s e t ne i nc c a m s a do no al get br a h ofa c r ct ldu y. glge e l i , nd t le he e c ny onta ua t 1 St andard ofR evi ew To s vi a m o i t di m i s pl ntf s a l tonsm us C t t a c a m t r i t ti ur ve ton o s s , ai i f lega i t d a e l i o elef ha s s plusbl on is fce. As of v.l l 5 U. 66 678 ( 09 (iai omitd) Thi a ie t a ' hcr t qba, 56 S. 2, ' 20 ) ctton te . s 'Theorgi c pli co ai at r coun whih wasabr a h ofc r tcam bu t tcoun was i nal om ant nt ned hid t c ec ontac li t ha t om itd f om t a e te r he m nded compl nt Pl i tf ' c e cl rfed a aN ove be 7,201 he rng t tt a ende ai . a n ifs ouns l a ii t m r 4 a i ha he m d co pl ntw a i ende t s redet o i nalc pli a t cou t e - t br ac ofconr ctcl m - was m ai s nt d o upe s he rgi om ant nd hat nt hr e he e h ta ai pur ef l om itd. pos uly te sa r ' e r t pli if t a tc a e f c s whe a ce e as tue,t t çhow't tt t nda d t quies he antf o riult a t , n c ptd r r ha s ha he pl ntf has s a e a c ai e ilng hi t r le ,ie. t ' a i lt ofen il m e t r le .' ai i f t t d l m ntti m o e i f . , he pl usbiiy tte nt o e i f '' Frncsv.Gicomel,588F. 1 1 ( h Ci.2009 ( i I l 55 U. a 678) The a i a li 3d 86, 93 4t r ) quotng qba, 6 S. t . plusbiiy sa r r quie mor t n $ s e pos i lt t t a def nt ha aced a i lt t nda d e r s e ha t he r a sbiiy ha enda s t unlwf ly. As of v.qba,556U. 662,678( a ul ' hcr t I l ' S. 2009) . D i si scus on Choi e ofLaw c W h n, si ti c s , f d rlc u tsj rs ito i b sd o dv riy imu ta pyt e e a n h s a e a e ea o r' u idcin s a e n iest ,t s p l h f m s a e' s t ntve l w ,i udi is c c of 1 w r l s Er e R .Co.v.To pki , 3 onz t t s ubs a i a ncl ng t hoi e a ue . i m ns 04 U. 6 ,7 ( 9 8 ;Klx n Co. S e trElc Mf Co,31 U. 4 7 4 6 ( 9 ) Fo t l S. 4 8 1 3 ) a o v. tno e . c. . 3 S. 8 , 9 1 41 . r o' t cl i s Vi gi a a i s t nle of l x l de i t,J a m , r ni pple he l e oci lc i ones v. R. J s & A s oc . l , 431 S. one s s s nc. S. 2d 3 3 ( l ) whih die t t tt c r a yt lw oft saewheet ls E. 3, 4 Va. 993 , c rcs ha he ou t ppl he a he tt r he at e ventnec s r t ma a acorla e tke plc Ouiln v.l ' Plvt x.l ,789 F. 1 , es a y o ke n t i bl a s a e. le ntl a e nc. 2d 041 1 4 ( t Ci.1 8 ) l an g ie c a to , h ls e e ti t alg d ij r t teplitf, 0 4 4h r 9 6 . n e lg n e cin t e a t v n s he le e n u y o h an if whih oc ured i t s c s i Vigi a.Se Sa a .I v.Le Staus & Co. 674 F. 269, c c r n hi a e n r ni e nt na nc. vi r s , 2d 272 ( h Ci.1 .Acc di y- a asbot t patesagee i pr r t c ur a is 4t r 982) or ngl nd h he ri r s ope- he o t pple V igi a' s t tve 1 w t pl i if scl i s r ni s ubsan i a o a ntf ' a m . C VS' M oton t D i i S i o sm ss l ism o i t dim is CVS a gue t ti i e il d t dimi s lofc n t ton o s s , r s ha t s ntte o s s a ountone t s e he ol c ountagans i on s ve a gr i tt e r l ounds Prm a iy, S c t ndst tboie down t ises e e, . i rl CV on e ha l d o t s nc pl i if s c ai i t tCV S s ul be he d r ponsbl f Ka a a' de t be us i d d not a ntf ' l m s ha ho d l es i e or m r s a h ca e t i gi D avi t m edi i she w ant even t ve es he catons ed hough she di notpay f t .Dkt N o.23 at2. d or hem . l ar t gues t t hat here i dno dut on t partofa r ai st e t gi cust er t ngsf f ee' and si y he et l or o ve om s hi or r ' t i û e ti y woul ha s dt m e cai t Da e i s ha pa d f i. 1 hat t d ra nl c d ve ol he di ton o vi s f he d i or t' d. ' Rel t dl CV S a gue t tbe aus pl i if s c a m a ns CV S s a e y, r s ha c e a ntf l i gai t ounds i ne i nc i n glge t, t r quie t tt de e ntowepli ifadut a t n br ac t tdut e r s ha he f nda antf y nd he e h ha y.CVS c endst ti ont ha t di no ha adut t pr vi m e c ton unl s i waspa d f r a t ame d t ve y o o de dia i est i o , nd he nded c ompl i ant e t bls s i wasno .CV S ciest a num be ofc e t tdi c st du i s ofc r ow e by a s a i he t t t o r as s ha s us he t e ae d pha m ac w hi h ar t fl pr s rpto c r ty a t di pe e t c r tm ed c ton. kt r y, c e o il e c i i ns or ec l nd o s ns he or ec iai D . 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The c t ncudest t on t f t asa lge pli ifha no sa e apl usbl cai our co l ha, he ac s le d, antf s t tt d a i e l m t tCV S as um e a dut t ac . ot bl CV S di notunde t ke t a tg at t l a t ha s d y o t N a y, d r a o c r uious y nd he a ende c pl i doesnota l t ti di Tha i ,now he e i t c pl ntdoesi a l ge m d om a nt lege ha t d. t s r n he om ai t le t tCV S t d t pl i if ha ol he a ntf--or a nyone t ti w oul pr det m e ca i f r f e ,a i w a - ha t d ovi he di ton o r e nd t s unde nolga o i tont dos Se Str ns I .v.Selc 58 F. 11 11 ( h Ci. r e l blgai o o. e oma -nc e ky, 6 3d 09, 35 9t r 2009)(nco e ofa esi c tttonalc le t sae1w t trquie phamacest i ntxt ddr sng onsiui halnge o tt a ha e r d r i o de i rl uly pr c i d FDA- ppr lve awf l es rbe a ovedm e cai wih lm ie e ptons sa i di tons t i t d xce i , ttng ir o yc ds rousy q to arf a t tl aprs rpto be aus t cuso rdi no ûnj bod oul ei l uesin eus l o il e ci in c e he tme d t p yf ri' ; f Asrp v Ec e dCo .2 0W L 1 7 9 2 a * ( D. . rl 9 2 0 a o t' c. to . k r p , 01 ) 7 9 9 , t 4 E. Va Ap i 2 , 01 ) ( imisngwihp eu ieacam a an tad u so ewh r tepanifalg dta te d s si t rj d c li g is r g tr ee h li t l e h t h f e ph r c fie t h v h sme iai n i so kwh nh wa tdt m) ama y ald o a e i dc to s n tc e e n e he . Alhough pl ntf ha ct d t anum be ofc s sc e ni d s d dutes'pl i if t ai if s ie o r a e onc r ng t ume as i ,' antf ha no cie t a c e hol ng-- s si t t by tli apo e ilc t ri woul s t t d o ny as di or ugge tng ha, e lng t nta usome t d pr de m e ca i t t c t e , pha m a a s esa l ga du y t pr de t tm edi a i ovi di ton o he us om r a r cy s um e l t o ovi ha c ton feeofc gea wihouta r har nd t nyonepayi f i. nsea ar t i pha mac lkeCVS ng or t l t d, e al r y i unde sa bl r quiespay e f m e cai nsi dipe e . .St m a ,l . 586 F. a r t nda y e r m nt or di to t s ns s Cf or ns nc, 3d t 11 B e a e t c tc ude t tt f c she e do notpl us bl a l ge t tCV S as um e 35. c us he our oncl s ha he a t r a i y le ha s d a du y t pl i iforK a a a pl i i f scl i ofne i enc f is a a m a t rofl w . ny t o a ntf m r , a ntf ' a m glg e a l s te a A cc di y, he c tw ilg a CV S' m oton t di m i s or ngl t our l r nt S i o s s. 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St t di f r nty, OneBe co s s le ng i nc houl s s e 2 a ed f e e l a n' pr m a y a gum ent i t t a du y ow e t a he pa t t t a i es s e y f o a c r c ua i r r s ha t d o not r ry ha r s ol l r m ont a t l oblgai i notacina ei t tDkt No.1 a 5 ( tng Rihmond Mer Aut v.M c vit i ton s to bl n or. . 5 t cii c to. h. De t S . vi.n .5 7S. 2 3 4 3 - ( . 9 8 ) tBo s lc, 0 E.d 4 , 4647 Va 1 9 ). Pl i i fc t r w ih s ve a a g e s She c a m s t tt r i no Vi gi a c e t t a ntf oun e s t e r l r um nt . l i ha he e s r ni as ha a es e t i s ofa as u e dut orûs i lr l tons p' i t con e ofa i ur r ddr s s he s ue n s m d y çpec a e a i hi ' n he t xt n ns e - i ur d r a i hi buta gue t taû pe i lr ai hi 'c n ars unde wha wasi tal a ns e eltons p, r s ha i c a eltons p' a ie s r t nii ly c r c ua r a i hi a t tt 4 la lt c n a t c e n i t tc e . poi s i ont a t l el tons p nd ha ol i biiy a ta h ve n ha ont xt She nt , n pa tc ar t t a e d co pl nts a l ga i t O ne a n ha pr vi l pa d or ri ul , o he m nde m ai ' le tons hat Be co d e ous y i pr m iedt pa f Ka a a' r lt d team e ,t tS rlon woul notha di c r d o s o y or m r s ea e r t nt ha û ii ca d ve s ha ge Kama ai t ywer notc rai hewoul ha r evedlt aoes i (ntc g a j r f he e et n d ve ec i l he fr ad a ioa ulnt pr s rptonspr pty,' nd t t(CV S r le i pa t n t a tonsa as ur nce o e ci i om l ' a ha ' e i d n r upo he c i nd s a s f On g e c n' e ly e . . e a r engt p o ie'hep e cito s Dk . 1 a 5. eBla o s mpo e s . wh n g e i o r vd 't rs rp in . tNo. 7 t B a e on t e f c s pl i ifa l gesOneBe con k w K a a a f e i m i sd hes a t , a ntf le a ne m r ac d m nentha m when i r t c et de o wihhol pay e . hos o ny r t d m nt The cou tha c r f ly cons de e t a gum e soft pa te ,bu c udest tbot r s a e ul i r d he r nt he ri s t oncl ha h ofpli if sne i ncec am sf i asamateroflw.I s tVigi al w a a i d he e antf glge li al t a n hor, r ni a s pple r woul no a l as pa a et tcai agans OneBe con, c us t onl dut al ge y d t low e r t or l m i t a be a e he y y le dl br c i t s me dut i pos by One a on' c r c ,ie.t dut t pa f c ra n ea hed s he a y m ed Be c s onta t . , he y o y or e ti 2Alhoug t a e d c t h he m nde ompl nti s ai s omewha v t agueont naur oft c r t loblgai , he t e he ontacua i ton OneBea n notst t polc r f e e i t a e co e hat he iy eernc d n he m ndedc ompli i notaw or rsc ant s ke ' ompe ai polc ns ton iy. lse d ii açembusme t' l yta p o ie s e iidb n ft t a l srdPesnwh s san a ijr n ta ,t s ç i re n 'poi h t r vd s p cfe e ei o n nu e ro o u tis n nuy r c s durngt cou s ofhi orhe wor l pa tc a,OneBe cona e t pa f pr c i i m e ci sordr gs i he r e s r k. n riulr a gr es o y or es rpton di ne u t ihi 30 da u t Compa sr ceptofduea stsacor wrtenpr oft l s'Polc a l 1 t tn w ys pon he ny' e i nd a if t y it oof he os . iy t 5, 9. ' 7 co r d m e ca te t nt Theco ttndsno me i i pli if sas e to t tt r wasa ve e di l r a me . ur i rt n a ntf s ri n ha he e n ka s e dut 'o û pe i lr a i hi ' r atng t r la lt ' s um d y' r l c a el tons p' c e i o t i biiy. s Thec eofAugusaM utl .Co.v.Mas J.6 S. 2d29O( 2007,sae wel as t ,ns on. r, 45 E. Va. ) tts l t ge r lprnc pl s u rV igi a l w a t ra i a i . he ne a i i e nde r ni a nd hei pplc ton. A tt out e ,we ac he s t know l dge t ta sng e a toroc ur e e c n, e ha i l c c r nc a i c ran c r um sanc s s ppo tc us sofaci n bot f br ac n e ti ic t e , u r a e to h or e h ofc r c a f br ac ofa dut a i i i t t For i n M i son ont a t nd or e h y r s ng n or . e c si Bd. W a ,242Va 234,241 409S. 2d 1 1 ( 991 (ii v. de . , E. 44, 48 1 ) ctng Kn a Cop .v.Hae 224 Va. ml r ly, 699,705,299 S. 2d 51 51 E. 4, 7 ( 98 ) Toa dt ni e r bra hofco rc i oat t 1 3). voi ur ng vey e c nta t nt or, how e r w e ha e ve , ve nunc a ed t r l t t i o de t r o ri i t he u e ha , n r r o ec ve n t t Shedut t tousy o ne i e l br ac d mus bea or,i t y ori l r glg nty e he t c m on l w dut no one e s i be w e n t pa te s e y by om a y, t xi tng t e he ri s ol l vit oft c rc.'d.ctngSpe ev. f k& W .R. rue he onta t'1 (ii nc Norol R. Co, 2Va 1 2 1 6 2 S. 8 5 8 8( 8 5 ) .9 . 0 , 1 , 2 E. 1 , 1 1 9 ). 6 S. 2d a 293.The A ugus a M u .I . de s on a s di c s a l ngt Ri hm ond M e r 45 E. t t t ns Co. ci i l o s us es t e h c to. A ut ,507 S. 2d 344, t pr m a y c e c t d by One e c - e a ni t tû he h. E. - he i r as ie B a on- - xpl i ng ha t t de e m i ton w he he a c us ofa ton s t r na i t r a e c i oundsi c t a tort tde n on r c or pends o t s c oft n he our e he dut vi aed.'..(ii RihmondM er Aut ,507S. 2da 3 ) y olt 'J. ctng c /a to. h. E. t 47 . A sa i d i t R i hm o M e r A ut c e, he t l c ai s w e e pr r y di m i s d pple n he c nd to. h. as t o4 l m r ope l s s e be a et de e ntsm ir pr s nttonsi t tc edo y br a he dute a s e by c us he f nda ' s e e e a i n ha as dnl e c d i s s um d co r c a ... hi de onsr td t br a ofa dut t twa s pa ae a i e nde nta t nd not ng m tae he e ch ny y ha s e r t nd nd pe nt fom t co r t'1 ( tngRil r he ntac.'d.cii cunondM er Aut 5 S. 2da 346) Asf t rr ctdby to, h. 07 E. t . urhe e ie t Aug t Mut I .Co.Cou till t ca eofco antbef a ac ofomisonornonhe usa .ns r,sif he us mpli or n t si f as nc w hi h,wihoutpr fofa con r c t do wha w a l f undone,w oul notgi rs t e a e c t oo ta t o t s et d ve i e o a ca eofa to ( a enodut a r fom conta tt dowha i co ane ofe ss t n ny us cin bec us y pa tr rc o t s mpli d xit) he t acton i f he i s ounded upon cont act and notupon t .'645 S. 2d a 295. r , ort' E. t Tha i pr ciel t s t ton he e.The oblg ton t pa f m e ca te t ent i i t s e s y he iua i r i a i o y or di l r a m , f t 8 e ssa al aie onl bec us oft co rc (her mbure ntpolc ) The ei smpl no xit t l, rss y a e he nta t t ei s me iy . r s i y co m on 1 w du y i pos on OneBe c t pa f rm e ca t e t e pr vi d t Ka a a. m a t m ed a on o y o di l r a m nt o de o m r Pa ng s eofwha i owe t risc ta tdoe no gi rs t a as umed d yt pa f yi om t s d mde t on r c s t ve i e o n s ut o y or ri e mbur e e f al e ns scli d by Ka r .Theco mon l w doesnoti s m nt or 1 xpe e a me ma a m a mpos s h a e uc dut and pl ntf doe notct t a y c s s hol ng.To t e e t da y ai if s ie o n a e o di he xtnt he mage s s oughther i en c n bea s red a i tOneBe co a a l t n, he c n be o ane onl t oug a b e c o a s e t gans a n t l, he t y a bt i d y hr h r a h f c rc cai nott oughat or ofne i nc basd o a a s dduy.Cf j ;s eas onta t l m, hr he y glge e e n n sume t 3 .4, e lo . Tuelv.HerzEgui Rena Com.5 F.App' 21 21 20( hCi. 3)( rc im) t p. tl l , 08 x 2, 9- 4t r 201 pe ura (ur ngVigi alw conc r ngasumptonofd y,a c udi t tSvigni c t s veyi r ni a eni s i ut nd oncl ng ha ç r i a ours a a t bem os r c ptvet tndi g apa' as ume a d y i t t i t pe f r nceofa ppe r o t ee i o i n ly s d ut n or durng he ro ma t c nrc wh r t eij rdpat ( ) safr s e b etidp ry n ti p ii t t ec nrc; o ta t ee h nu e ry 1 wa o ee a l hr a t, o n rvt o h o ta t y a ( )s fee s mep ysc lij r , ah rt a meee o o cl s, sar s l o tea trs nd 2 u f rd o h ia n u y rte h n r c n mi o s a e ut f h co ' neglg tpe fr nce'; a e' J wee s l v. ien roma ' Je nni s e lr .nc. ADT Sec Se vies I ,201 W L 1 l . r c .nc. 2 86931 9 ( D. . a 2 , 01 )( imisn n gi e c cam b o e o b r lrz dj wer so e E. Va M y 2 2 2 ds s ig e lg n e li y wn r f u gaie e ly t r pr s d on de e ntsf l et pr dea f to ngalr s t m wher t E i to t emie f nda ' aiur o ovi unc i ni a m yse e he i gai n o obl i t l as c iy s t m a os s ey by wa ofc r t' nd the ei no c nsa l e urt yse r e ol l y ontac'a d r s t omm o lw dut t n a y o pr deaar s r c s';Bos t v.VonadoRe lyL. ,83Va.Ci.549,201 W L 8 38 ovi l m evie ' ) worh r at P. r 0 9258 , a *8( Ci. . c.20,201 ( lni t tnd d end S s t Va. r CtDe 0) deci ng o i ef ants umeddut 'oprvi as y't o de s c iy m ea ur s a m a lwhe e i ale ha a c r t loblgato t do s a notng t t e urt s e t l r t r ady d ontac ua i in o o, nd i ha t ia s in ofduy'ca e ar at row st' c s sunde Vigi al . he isumpto t ' s s e k r e'of a e na r r ni aw) 3W hiepl ntf i taly a s redabr a ofc r tcl m a ns O ne ac , isa e d c l ai if nii l s e t e ch ontac ai gai t Be on t m nde ompl n ait doe notc ai s acli .Se s anot 1 Ac di y,heco tne notdeem i whehera oft s ont n uch am e unr e . cor ngl t ur ed tr ne t ny he damagess tbypl ntf i he a e d c ough ai if n r m nde ompl ntwoul ber ove a ei ac r tcli a c eq ntal ai d ec r bl n ontac am s ons ue i damages Se e. ,R ih n Me . u pyCo v Clfo , 6 SE.d4 7, 0 ( .1 8 )(ic sigtwobo d . e. g. c mo d d S p l . . itn 3 9 . 2 0 4 9 Va 9 8 dsu sn t t ra - c tg re 'o d ma e i c nr c , ie ta dc n e u n i l a g s . ae o is' f a g s n o ta t dr c n o s q e ta d ma e ) 9 Si ia l t a gume t taç pe i lr l tons p' e ssgi ngrs t a du y by One m l ry, he r nt ha i c a e ai hi ' xit vi ie o s t Be on i t c e oft sc e i nots ac n he ont xt hi as s uppore by V igi a l w . e m pl i Holesv. td r ni a For xa e, n l Sunrs Te r e,I .509S. 2d494( 1999 ,heSuprmeCour ofVigni afr t ie rac nc, E. Va. ) t e t r i a fimed he til o r' nzig stiga i eaj r v r iti plitf sfv ro an g ie ecam. ee ra c u ts l etn sd u y e dc n an if a o n e lg nc li Th r, n t pli ifsde de lved i as ni r i talc nt r a s wa r pe a r bbed a he he antf ce nt i n e or esden i e e , nd he s a d nd o t r a rm e a t a i r rgane a ce st t fontofhe a rm e tt o h a o he wie pa t nt fer n ntude i d c s o he r r pa t n hr ug n t r s l ke doora a he i vi llf t pr mies The de e ntpr vi d f a oc d s not r ndi dua e4 he e s . f nda o de ood nd ma nage nts r ce t t c nt rpurua tt a c ta twih t Co y,a isc r c me e vi s o he e e s n o on r c t he unt nd t onta t i cud dc ran o iainsrltdt s c rt Thej r a r e d ma e o t n g ie c n l e e ti bl to eae o e u i g y. u y wad d a g s n he e lg n e coun ,butt t i lc ts ta i t ve di . tco l d t tt m a ge e co pa w a t he r a our c s de hat r ct I nc ude ha he na m nt m ny s neihert owne oft pr ryno t de ede ' l ndl d a t ha no s c a r a i hi t he r he ope t r he c nts a or nd hus d pe i l eltons p w ih t dec den nora c m on l w dut t p o e the f om t f e e a e c i i lac s of t he e t ny om a y o r t c r r he or s e bl r m na t t r pa tes 509 S. 2d a 497hid r i . E. t 98. l afi m i t sr i Supr m eCour ofVigi asaed'klo e t bls ac us o a ton n tr ng hi ulng, e t r ni t t . d- sa ih a e f ci ' f neglge or i nce, hedut al dt ha bee t tousy b e c mus bea c t y lege o ve n ori l r a hed t omm on 1w dut a y, n tad t a iigb t e tepat ss ll b vru o ac nrc. I a 4 7 I rj ce a y o uy rsn ewe n h ri oey y ite f o ta t'd. t 9 . t ee td n e ' cl i t ta s ci lr l tons p e s e be we t r i nta t de e n û a e t e a m ha pe a e a i hi xi t d t en he esde nd he f nda t i us her bec wa norghtofpr e ton i e ti t i r l tons p s pa aeand a r fom a dute s i ot c i nher n n her e ai hi e r t pa t r ny is i pos by Sunr s sconta wih t Cou y.' d.a 498. m ed i e' r ct t he nt ' 1 t Thus t ne i nce c a m w as , he glge li pr ry di m i s d.1 ope l s s e d, The ca e r i d upon by pl i t f do nots s s ele a n if uppor hi a gum en s r ga di a Ss ci l t sr t e r ng kpe a r l tons ps'a a i d he e. s a i talm a t r m o toft m i l t que ton o w he he e a i hi ' s pple r A n nii te , s he nvo ve he s i f t r t de e nthad t d y t eihe w a n orpr t tt pl i iff om t i e i lt r s or he f nda he ut o t r r o ec he a ntf r he nt ntona o t 10 c i na a ofat r pa t I t tc t xt t ge r r e i t tas i lr a i hi gi ng rmi l ds hid ry. n ha on e , he ne al ul s ha pec a eltons p vi rs t s h a d y ma bef i e o uc ut y oundwhe t defnda tkne ofa û mmi ntpr biiy ofha m' n he e n w nt i ne oba lt r ' t t eplitf. eYu e o k v. tJ h ' W o dAps, 4 S. 2 1 4 1 0 41( . 0 1 .n o h an if Se z fvs y S . o n s o t.5 0 E.d 3 , 4 - Va 2 0 ) I Y uze o ky,f rexa pl t c tas um e butdi no de i ,t tt pl i tf co d e t bls f vs o m e, he our s d, d t c de ha he a n if ul s a ih a s ci r l i hi bewe n t lnd or a at na , no t l s hel t tt lndl r pe al eatons p t e he a l d nd e nt but ne he e s d ha he a o d ha nodut t wa n a orpr e tt t na a i tt da rofha m fom t c i i l d y o r nd/ otc he c nt gans he nge r r he rm na c onduc ofat r pa t Si lry,nA. v. ki m Pub.495S. 2d482,48 ( 1 ) t hid ry. mial i H. Roc ngha , E. 6 Va. 998 , t Supr m eCour o Vigi a a fr d t tilc tsde e m i tont tane pa rhadno he e t f r ni f me he ra our' t r nai ha ws pe dut t war o ofisca re soft da rofa a t k by at r pa t yo n ne t r i r he nge n tac hid r y. Thomps v.SkaeAm.540S. 2d l ( 2001,whihas i ve c i na on t , E. 23 Va. ) c lo nvol d rmi l c onduc by at r pa t i il tatve a t when s h a S pecalr l tons p'ha be n t hid ry, s lusr i s o uc s i e ai hi ' s e s s f c e l alege l Thom ps t Cour he d t tt c pl i s f c e l a l ed t tt uf i i nty l d. n on, he t l ha he om a nt uf i i nty lcg ha he o e o as t rn h d ad t t p oe t n o isivte , owa ij r db at r wn r f kae ik a uy o r tc o e f t n ie s wh s nu e y hid pe s scrm i la s ul . n t tc e, he c pl i a l ge t tt a t ke had t a ed r on' i na s a t I ha as t om a nt le d ha he tac r û us c dit ba s ar e s a fght ' a t s t rnk on û e r pr o occ s o ,' ha he w asç s ur nce , gum nt nd i s ' t he ka e i t ve al i r a i ns' t t s é a k o to bl ma e'wh h dp e o l be nee tdfo terr b ise ly e , n t a n wn r u e k r' o a rviusy e j ce r m h ik y t mpo e s a d h t l he i d bee ba d f om r e r t t r nk on t da e oft atac ' 1 a 1 l lg of d ha n nne r e nt y o he i he t he t k. d. t 25. n i ht ' t e s cfcf c sr ga di t tpa tc a as al nt t c tc ude t tacai bas o a hos pe ii a t e r ng ha riul r s ia , he our oncl d ha l m ed n is ci lr l t o hi 'c d s v ve di m i s l The f t i Thom ps a e a f r c y f om t çpe a e a i ns p' oul ur i s s a. ac s n on r a r r he i t ntca e whi h alege t tOne e c w asr quesed t pr de pa e f a pr s rpton ns a s , c l ha B a on e t o ovi ym nt or e c i i m edi a i pe t t m sofisc r c , e e e ed i w o d do s a t n r us t pa f c ton r he er t ont a t r pr s nt t ul o, nd he ef ed o y or i.Cf Di t v.Stehlr 55 S. 2d42,49( 2001 ( c i ngThomps n, H.a ot r t . dao r e , 4 E. Va. ) desrbi o A. , nd he ca e a fli C t nt a tofourj ipr de goveni s ca r ai hi ... s s s alng t hi he mbi wi urs u nce r ng pe il eltons ps be a et er lto hi gvers t a d y ofpr t c i fom c i na a t c c us hos e ai ns ps i ie o ut o e ton r rmi l c s omm it d by te t r pari ' a c udi t y û ve no a i to ' o t i s ofw he he pa e s ofa hid tes' nd oncl ng he t ha pplca i n' t he s ue t r r nt pai ntwe e owe adut t wa n by medialpr de swho al dl f l t a s t m of te r d y o r c ovi r lege y aied o dvie he t cor c r s t oft rda erssc ec lts) he re t euls hei ught ' ikl el et. Pl i ifa kno l dge t tVi gi a cou t have notco i r d t st or çi t a ntf c w e s ha r ni rs ns de e hi he y û he n contxtofi ur ri ur d, Dkt No.1 a 8,b nonehels a g st tOne a n s d ha e ns e -ns e ' . ' 7 t ut t e s r ue ha Be co houl ve bee a r ofi i ntda rt Ka a awhe i r c i d t r q sst fl t n wa e mm ne nge o m r n t e eve he e ue t o il he a i gulton m e c to a t tt sf c c dgi rs t t r quiies c a r a i hi ntcoa a i dia i n nd ha hi a t oul ve ie o he e st pe i l eltons p. The c t s e .l pa tc a ,t U nie St t sCour ofA ppe l f rt Fo t Cic tha our diagr es n r i ul r he t d a e t a s o he ur h r ui s e es l hel t t t rVigi alw ,her ca benor c r i t t orar f a i bad f ih xpr sy d ha , mde r ni a t e n e ove y n or f e us l n at t honora f r t pa t i ur nc c a m .Se A & E Sunnl Co. N a i i M ut Fie I .Co. o i s - ry ns a e l i e y v. tonw de . r ns , 798F. 669, ( hCi.1 6) I t tc e,hedee nti ur nc c 2d 676 4t r 98 . n ha as t fnda ns a e ompa ha r f e t ny d eus d o pa a f r l s on t g ound t tt fr had be n s tby t i ur d.The i ur d s d, y ie os he r ha he ie e e he ns e ns e ue c e ng t is c a m had be n de e i ba f ih,a i s ghta w a a r d punii ont ndi hat t l i e ni d n d a t nd t ou nd s wa de tve d ma e b aj r Ona pe lt eFo rhCic i r ldt t li frafit et p ya is e a g s y u y. p a, h u t rut ue ha cams o all o a n n urd r die ty ar e ua e unde c r c prncpls nott t i i e , t no punii dn a s r c l e val t d r onta t i i e , or prncpl s and hus tve m ge coul bea r d. eà Subsque de sonsfom t sc ta ot r ha r e l afr d d wade Se 4, e nt cii r hi our nd hes ve ec nty fime t tpr nc pl .Se e. ,M o e d v.St t Fa m Fie & Cas Co. 1 F.Supp. 1 04,1 ha i i e e- :. or hea ae r r . , 23 2d 0 005 1 ( . Va. 006 W D. 2000) . The c t sco tanedt c l e t tA & E Suppl Co.a t ohe a horte our i nsr i o onc ud ha v nd he t r ut iis hi i t d a ghlgh e bove c pe t c us on t tOneBe c ow e no dut t Ka a a out i ofis om l he oncl i ha a on d y o m r s de t conta t dute .Butf t c r ctorpolc t r w oul be no d y a no oblga i on t r c ual i s or he onta i y, he e d ut nd i ton he pa tofO ne c t pa f Ka a a' m e c nes The m e e f c t tOneBe co s a ed i w oul r Bea on o y or m r s di i . r a t ha a n tt t d a deby isc r c ua d i t Ka a aa t n f ie t do s doe notr nde i la ei t r. bi t onta t l utes o m r nd he al d o o s e r t ibl n o t C oncl on usi Fort f e i r s ns t de e a s r s c i motonst dimiswilbe g a ed. he or go ng ea o , he f nd nt ' e pe tve i o s s l r nt Theclr i die t t s nd c esoft sm e a um o ni n a t ac ompanyi or rt e k s r ced o e opi hi mor nd pi o nd he c ng de o a1 couns ofr co d. 1 el e r EN TER t s t da ofN ove be , 2014. hi Q y m r Chi fU nied St t D it i J e t a es s rct udge
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