Garner v. McNamee et al, No. 7:2014cv00081 - Document 72 (W.D. Va. 2015)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 07/17/2015. (bw)
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Garner v. McNamee et al Doc. 72 n pRo OF I t.. STGOUR FCE ? DI . S T AT R* OG , VA FI LED I THE UN I N TED STA TES D I STRI COU RT CT FOR TH E W ESTERN D I STRI O F V I I I CT RG N A R OAN OK E D I ISI V ON JUL 17 2 1 25 # H AR OLD G ARN ER , Pl i if a ntf , DEP L E Ci lA c i n N o. 1 CV vi to 7: 4- 00081 M EM O R AND U M O PINIO N M A RK M CN A M EE,etal, . By:H on.Gl E.Conr en ad Chi fU nie St t s Di t i tJ e e t d a e s rc udg D ef endant s. Pl i i fHar d G a ne f l d t s c vi a i a i ts ve a V i g ni Te h a i s r t r a ntf ol r r ie hi i l cton ga ns e r l r i a c dm nit a o s a t rhe w asr m ove f om hi pos ton a Exe utve D i e t oft V igi a Bi nf m a i fe e d r s ii s c i r c or he r ni oi or tcs l tt e(û 'ort tnsiut ' a t Uni riy.Thec s i pr e l befr t c ton nsiut 1VBl' he i tt e' t he ve st l ) a e s esnty oe he our c os- oi frs r sm tons o ummayj me fldbyt pate . c uset co tfndst tmaeil r udg nt ie he ris Be a he ur i ha tra fcua dipuesprcl j a t l s t e ude udgme a amatroflw,hec 'wilde bot motons nt s te a t oul l ny h i . t Stat entof Fact em s The c t s s m a i e t f c s oft sca e i de a lon t o proroc s ons Se M o . our ha um r z d he a t hi s n t i w i ca i . e t D i m i M em .Op.at 1- DocketN o.24,M ot Sum m .J.M em .Op.a 1- D ocketN o.54.l t s ss 6, . . t 4, t hus outi onl t ti or ai n r lva t ispr s ntde ii n he e. lnes y ha nf m to ee nt o t e e c so r Gar sAppoi me asExe ieDie oro VBI: ner' nt nt cutv r ct f G ar s ved as Executve D iect ofV B1f om N ovem ber 2009 untlhi r ovalon ner er i r or r i s em M ac 8, 2. postonofChare St r(t e De 'a 9.I t sposton,Gane wa rh 201 De ii ls ege û ger p' t n hi ii st ) r r s c r d w ih o r e i t e ie I tt e i udi t e s i ntfc di s ons a s af of ha ge t ve s e ng he ntr ns iut , ncl ng hr e c e i i vi i , t f a oxi a e y 240 per onne , nd a c bi d ope a i and e r m ur lr s a c budge ofo r ppr m t l s la om ne r tng xt a a e e r h t ve $27 m ilon. eDe ii ofKi ry Lynn Byr (û r De ' a 1 1 20,33.Ganl rs li Se poston mbe l d tBy d p.) t 4- 5, ' e' e oymentag e me consse oft eedoc nt:( t l-emsofFa ulyOfe'dae mpl r e nt itd hr ume s 1) he t-r l c t fr' td Ocobe 6,2009;( t Vigi aTec Fa ulyHa t r 2) he r ni h c t ndbook' ( t tstge Letr'whihwas , 3) he û e r te,' c and Dockets.Justia.com e poston d a td o Oc obe 6,2009 a wasr vi e a t na i e o Oc obe 20,2009.Se De ii of r fe n t r nd e s d nd i lz d n t r - Chal St r(û ege De ' a 43.PlsExs 9- 1.nt TemsofFa t Ofe ,Gane wa res ege tst r p.) t , ' . 1 l he r ' culy fr r r s g ve t S i n he d tona Til ' ofExe tve Di e t r ofVBI asw e la a t nur pr es or hi i Func i l te ' cu i r co , l s e ed of s s p n t De rme ofBi ogi lScenc . .sEx. Her ceved abas s l r of$250, a a he pa t nt ol ca i es Pl' 9. e i e aay 000 nd n ad i sr tves e e of$60, f rasa tng s lr of$3l 000.l m nitai upplm nt 000, o t ri aa y 0, d. The St rLe t r s tf t addii lt r sf G a ne ' e pl e Se Pl' Ex.11. ege te e orh tona e m or r r s m oym nt e .s Spe fcal t Stge Letrpr de f ()albwihi VB1f Ga ne ' c i dr e c cii ly,he e r te ovi d or 1 a t n or r rs ontnue esarh, i l ng m ovi e ns s a one r nc udi ng xpe e nd ound-rp on t uni r iy pl ne f ta por i DN A ti he ve st a or r ns tng smpl fom Gane' Te lb;a ( at t tuppa ka 'i l ng()a( tme' a es r r rs xas a nd 2) t ar- c ge, ncudi a i i ' s ' onee pme al ai of$5 000,a ia ef t e ye r fom Gane' satdae;( $5 000 qui nt loc ton 00, valbl or hre as r r rs tr t b) 00, ta ly't f s aisfrlbort ysa f a ()$500, û nnual 'of nds lre f ûnnual 'o und alre o a aor tf' nd c , 000 s a ly't u aa is or k r s ac r.'d.TheStge Letrpr dest tkgltra a opraesa tuppei t s s e e rhes'I key e r te ovi ha 'afe n ppr it tr- rod,hee f culy woul be e c edt buy outa s tnta pori oft i postonss f a t d xpe t o ubsa il ton he r ii o undsc n befee a r d f ot rpur e . 1 AsExe utveDiecor Ga ne wasa s a f de a $50, a lta l or he pos s' d. ' c i r t , r r l o for d 000 mma r ve budge a a $100, annua dic e i r f t nd 000 l s r tona y und,a we last e utveas itnt . lr ton s l wo xec i s sa s Deca a i ofHaol Gane (ûlr rDec.' a ! 1 .De ii ofLa i Cobl (û eDe ' a 3 56r d r z t ane f l' t 6, poston ) ure e k cobl p.' t 2, ) 57,68. ne oft e e utve a s s a sde t d a o m a e y 40% ofhe tm e t G a ne ' O hes xec i s it nt vo e ppr xi t l r i o r rs pe s lr s a c e a s Co eDe a 57;Byr De a 1 1 r ona e e r h nde vor . bl p. t d p. t 8- 9. A sExecutve D iect G ar w ascons der an Adm i sra i and Pr es onalf t i r or, ner i ed ni t tve of si aculy m e be ,w hi h m e nst thi e pl e w a gove ned by Sec i 7 oft V i gi a Te h m r c a ha s m oym nt s r ton he r ni c Fac t Ha book.De iin ofRo r W atr (s atr De ')a 79- 0;Stge De a 44, uly nd posto be t les G le s p. t 8 e r p. t W ' 48- s ePl' Ex.1 j 7. q s q. Ha 49; e .s 0 6 t e The ndbook pr de t tf c t me be smayr c i a ovi s ha a uly m r e e ve Csever s i ' w hi Sgener l i vesa s gnii l orpenaly t a f t m em ber s e ancton,' ch i aly nvol i fcant oss t o aculy s a , notlm ied t a r ucton i tte,r s uch s but i t o, ed i n il e pons biii s a s a y;ors pe i w iho i lt e , nd al r us nson t ut pa f a pe i no t e e o ye r i pos d f t c pt bl c y or rod t o xc ed ne a m e or mac e a e onduc a ora s rous br ac t nd/ ei e h ofUni riypolc 'l j7. 5.ndi duasr evi as ve es nci aee ttedt t sme vest iy,'d. 6. l vi l ec i ng e r a ton r nil o he a pr de i i pr e- prvaton ocedur as t es hose applcabl t di m i al for cause,i udi pr or wrten i e o s ss s ncl ng i it notc a a i pes me tnga o runiyt r pondt t c r salge l jj7. 4, ie nd n n- ron ei nd ppo t t o es o he ha ge le d.d. 6. 7. 5. c t m em be sm a a s be k e s g ' whi h i vesû ha i a i s r tve tte 6. Fa uly r y l o d as i ned,' c nvol û nge n dm nit a i il r c ors pe vi or r s u r s y e pons biii ,r as i e tt a he poston orde rm e , r ns e t a s a f i ltes e sgnm n o not r ii pa t nt t a f r o t f poston,a orr ucin i s lr c ii nd/ ed to n aay omme ur t wihrduce r ponsbiii .'d.j7. 3.The ns ae t e d es i ltes'1 6. U ni r iy ne d notpr vi no i orot rdue pr es pr t t o bef r r as i ng a f c t ve s t e o de tce he - oc s o ec i ns o e e s gni a uly membe .Z rJ I .,udio VBI I 4 tf : l A ugus 2011,a t r ques ofD e e ntR o tW a t r , he U ni r iy' V i e n t t he e t f nda ber le s t ve st s c Pr i ntf Res r h,V igi a Te h pe f r e an ' dvi or s r c r ew' of VBI G a e es de or ea c r ni c r o m d t s y e vi e evi ' a . nz r Dec. 1 ,W ale sDe a l , .sEx.23.Suc a t occ rgulrya t Uni riy.Se l! 9. tr p. t 69. ' Pl h udis ur e al t he vest e Co eDe a 42;De n De a 41 42.St ge De a 91. ale ss cii lyr que t t tt bl p. t a p. t - , e r p. t W tr pe fcal e sed ha he audior c i rwhehe ç l c ofl e es/ t s onsde t rt conti t nt r tconfitofComm im e m at r a ebeng lc t nt te s r i ha e a o itl wihi t I tt e'a ndld ppr praey t n he nsiut' mong ohe obeci s Pl' Ex.23.Gane t r j tve . .s r r cooper ed f ly i t audi,partci i i a l hy i ervi w ih t audior and r pondi at ' l n he u t i patng n engt nt ew t he t s es ng t t rrque t f i or ton.Gane De l !1 .De ii o ShaonKurk, r t of o hei e ss or nf mai r r c. 9, poston f r e Diecor Vigi aTe hDe rmentofl e na Audi (t e De ' a 44- Gane dr ce VBIfc t r ni c pa t ntr l t C k p.' t 46. r r ie td Kur ) a uly and saf t cooper ew ih t audior asw el.1 t fo at t he t s l d. On Febr r 21 201 t a t sm e wih W ale s D e e ua y , 2, he udior t t t r , f ndantM a k M c a e , r N m e V igi a Tech' Seni V i Pr dentand Pr r ni s or ce esi ovos ,and U ni iy Gener CounselK ay t verst al H e dbr de t dic sa dr f ve s o oft a tr po t Kur k D e a 1 So t r afe ,t i e r o s us a t r i n he udi e r . e p. t 37. on he e t r he audior s G ar a copy oft dr ,whi al ed hi f t frs tm e t t audiorshad t s ent ner hat aft ch ert m or he i t i hat he t c ude t the ha vi a e c r a n c lc ofi t r tnze ,1and t tt y w e e oncl d ha d ol t d e t i onfi t n e es l s ha he r rcommendi hebedicplnedo r poredt saea horte a ars t Gar rDe . 20, e ng s i i r e t o tt ut iis s e ul. ne cl! . K ur D ep.160- 173- 191- .P1' Ex.26.Garnerr ponded i w rtng,poi i out ek 62, 75, 92, .s es n ii ntng s vealfcua er sa c le ngt a t s c l ins GanerDec. 20- .Klrk e r a t l ror nd halngi he udior' oncuso . r l!! 22, ze D e a 1 1 G a ne al o di c s t r por w ih W a t r ,M c nm e a t a t r p. t 44- 46. r r s s us ed he e t t le s N e, nd he udio s durng a a te tc e e e o M a c 5,201 K ur k D e a 1 47. o o i ca ed t t i n udi xi onf r nc n r h 2. e p. t 46- N ne ndi t ha G a ne m i be r m oved a Exec i D ie t r oro he w i e pe lz d as a r s toft a ta r r ght e s utve r c o t r s na i e e ul he udi t t a t . r e De l!2 . r kDe a 1 8 1 0. h t i Gan r c.) 2 Ku e p. t 4 - 5 me , Hl iGat er' Change i Posii m s n ton: Thr e da l t r on M a c 8,201 W a t r m e w ih Ga ne a ga hi a l te s a i e ys a e , rh 2, le s t t r r nd ve m e t r t tng t the w a be ng r m oved a Exe utve Di e t r ofVB1a r a s gne t D ie t ofV B1 s ha s i e s c i r co nd e s i d o r c or ' M e ia l f r tc a d S tms(d 1 ' dv so Gan rDe l!2 , atr De a 21 - 8 dc l n o mais n yse C S' iiin. r e c. 3. les p. t 7 1 . M ) W , PlsEx.27.Thelte s cfedt tClj r wilbenos lr r duci a s itdwiht s ' etr pe ii ha tthe e l aay e ton s ocae t hi reas gnm ent' Pl sEx.27.l di not how ever pr de any r on f t change.1 A ccor ng si .' ' t d , , ovi eas or he d. di t G a ne ,W a t r t d hi t the,M c a e a St e ha una m ous y dec de t r m o o r r le s ol m ha N m e, nd eg r d ni l i d o e ve Gane duet a t pe fe rs 'Gane De . !24- W ale s howe r doe notr al r r o n t ciid ikv' r r cl! 25. tr , uns ve, s ec l l2 t pr vi nga pa tc a usiiai f Gane ' rmova. W alersD ep a 21 20.OnM ac o di ny riulrj tfc ton or r rs e t 9rh . 1 201 t def nda s s it d pa r or t V i g ni Te h H um a Re our esefec ua i 0, 2, he e nt ubm t e pe w k o r i a c n s c f t tng Ga ne ' c nge i pos to P1' Ex.69 a 2- Spe fca l t y r r r s ha n ii n. .s t 3. cii ly, he eque t d t tGa ne stte be s e ha r r' il 'Durng t pe i c edbyt a t M c a e w a i t pr s ofr t uc urng t Uni r iy' i he rod over he udi, N m e s n he oce s esr t i he ve st s c nlc o itrs p lc a di rpot ga drve p o es De o iino Jc Fine (Fi e De ' a 2 -3 4 o fit fneet oiy n t e ri n e iw r c s. p sto f ak n y ç nn y p.) t 02 , 0 s n s ' 41.Thene polc w a tnalzed a i em e e i Augus 201 ni m on hsa t t a tc l d. d.a 5 53. w iy s ' i i nd mpl nt d n t 2, ne t fer he udi onc ude l t 0- Kur k a t t tVigi aTe h di notpr bi c t n c e dmis ha r ni c d ohi t erai onduc a e s d byt a tprort i e e t to oft s t ddr s e he udi i o mplm n ain hi new polc K u e De a 1 1 1 l 62. le f t rsaedt tt t i a we s' os eoft c r iy. r k p. t 0 - 02, 60- Ktr k urhe tt ha he t ght ns r 't om r he ental ques i cove e by t a td r n' al tons r d he udi û e t wayscl r' l a l0 03. a ea . d. t 2-1 ' 2Alhough W a t r doesnotr ca lpr vi ng Ga nerwih a pa tcul re a to ,het tfed t t t le s e l o di r t ny r i a xpl na i n es ii ha M c a ee St r a he a ee t r m o Ga ne a Exe tveDi e t i o de t e f t t ç r amm a i ' N m , ege , nd gr d o e ve r r s cu i r c or n r r o fec ua e û ogr p tc' c nges i udi s fi VB1 sf ha , ncl ng hitng ' ocusawa fom bi nf nna i s. a t r D e a 200- . y r oi o tc W le s p. t 201 c nge fom k ha d r d utveDie or' o d r c or M e c ll onna isa Syse sDi so 'i Exec i r ct 't c e t , di a nf Di tc nd t m vii n' n or t (beteralgn Garner' appoi m entwih deparm ent expect i ' l der o C t i s nt t t al atons.' d. The f l w i da D e e ntD e s D e n, he ne l a olo ng y, f nda nni a t w y- ppoi ed i erm die t ofVBI nt nt i r c or , ' hel a m e tng wih V Bl s f c t s a f a sude s D e n D e a 66- . a nerdi nota t nd d ei t ' a uly, t f , nd t nt . a p. t 71 G r d te t sm e tng,t ug D ea i t d hi t do s 1 a 62.Dea t tfed t the he d t sm ee i hi e i ho h n nvie m o o. d. t n es ii ha l hi tng i pa tt o s t l dow n r or ' a utt c nge i l de s p a t I tt e.Se i a 6 n r d e te t um s' bo he ha n ea r hi t he ns iut e d. t 2 (ttngt thebeive i wa tmpo tntt t( lriet poitt tt r wa a a tbut sai ha le d t s t ra ha he as he n ha hee s n udi i t ewa nowr her s ongdoi .' . codi t De n,hi rmaksweed r ludaor a ng..' Ac r ng o a s e r ) r ç y a t y bout ve ( r r,' ndt thefs dnos lcousc Ganej'a ha 'ai aa i omme sa thi g hi de gai a thi nt bou m, not ngj nirtng bou m wha s ve ' durng t sm e tng. d. t71. c r ng t G a ne , w e ,D e n t d V B1 t oe r' i hi e i l a A co di o r r ho ver a ol pes lt tGane ha bee rmo df kaii 'hea t Gane De . 26. r ' wie, ronne ha r r d n e ve or t lng't udi. r r cl! Ganers f f K i M e e ,a s t tfed t t s r l afe t sm e tng,D e n t d he a G a ne t tt ha m ni r l o es ii ha , ho ty t r hi e i a ol r nd r r ha t he d puledt t rt safofL )t tlt m t tg r r hadbe nde edbe a eheha l ogehe he tf VBI o el he ha Ganel e mot c us d fie a a t'De iin ofKi M e e (t e e De ' a 9- 0. ald n udi. posto ' m nir k nir p.' t 1 M ) On M a ch 9, 2,V igi a Tec i s d a pr s r l a e s a i t tG a nerha ç t ppe r 201 r ni h s ue es e e s t tng ha r d de d s down'a Exec tveDie t ofVB1i or rt Cea t ( SIdi son..ndf usonhi 's ui rcor n de o t d he MI vii .a oc l s s ho a l r s a ch.' e .s Ex. I t s s a em e ,W a t r des r be t c nge a ç ogr s i c l ry e e r 'D f' E. n hi t t nt le s c i s he ha sd pr e s ve ... f VB1a f Gane,'gve t ttg e ca i or tcshasbe meciialyi tnti t or nd or r r' i n ha tmldi l nf mai co rtc l mpora n he pa t 1 m ont t t s e ii c m uniy a t V B1' l Tha s m e da G a ne w r e t VB l s 2 hs o he ci ntfc om t nd o . d. t a ' y, r r ot o saf sai t tS ha tke onne dieci a i onane tae t y,aveypostveone.. tf, ttng ha I VBI s a n w r tons nd s w rjcor r ii . Goi f wad, wilbedoi wha 1dobes,c i ngt b l a la ( Sj'Pl' Ex. ng or r 1 l ng t t ontnui o uid nd e d MI . .s 28. ' Gar al o w r e t W alersand M cN a eew ihi daysoft change,s atng t the w as(ver ner s ot o t m t n he t i ha d y e husa tca t f ur ofg 1 'a co imi t tt r s t oft audiwoul behedi nt isi bout he ut e M S)' nd nfr ng ha he euls he t d l n confdence.D ef ' Ex.F.Sever m ont l er,however G ar s l counselsentU ni iy i .s al hs at , ner' egal verst Le a Co n e alte f r lyo jci t hi û e to 'De.sEx H. r rh sn tn ke g l u s l etr o mal b e tng o s d moin. f' . Gane a o ivo d d ' t pos - pr va i gre nc pr e esouti i t Ha boo a a tm e. he t de i ton i va e oc dur lned n he nd k t ny i U pon hi r m o lasExe utve D i e t ,Ga ne l tco r oft di c e i r a ta l s e va c i r c or r r os nt ol he s r tona y nd r ve f undsa f ded t hi i t tposton,w hi h heha pr vi us y us t s f or o m n ha ii c d e o l ed o uppor hi ow n w o k a t s r s wela t tofot rVB1pes l s ha he ronnelCobl De a 33,68,71 De nDe a 1 ,Gane Dec. 30. . e p. t ; a p. t 06. r r l! G a ne a s l tt a d oft o f ltm e e utve as it nt , ho ha pr vi l a s s e w ih hi r r l o os he i w ul- i xec i ssa s w d e ous y s it d t s dutesasExec i D ie ora al o wih hi ow n r s a c e f t . i utve r ct nd s t s e e r h f or s Cobl D e a 56- ,G a ne e p. t 60. r r De l!30. r rno r eve a ssa fom oneno e c i lve a ssa ,whos tmemus c. Gane w ec i s sitnce r n-xe utve e l s itnt ei t be s i a o alM 1 f uly. 4.Gane as l tt a hort t de i t VB1f t s r plt m ng l S ac t J- r r lo os he ut iy o sgnae unds o uppo t - hi own lbor t y. çDe n De a 158s a a or Se a p. t 61. O n N ove be 6, 2,Ga ne s gne a Cl r s o Fac t Of e :Re ppoi m e , w hi h m r 201 r r i d t - m f uly f r a -e nt nt' c ' l ea nt ' a ne t hi ne pos ton a Di e t r ofM 1 f a pe i oft e yea s untl t ppoi ed' G r r o s w r ii s r c o S or rod hr e r , i O c obe 2015. tdoc enti c t d t tG a ne ' bas s a y a adm i s r tve s i nd w o d t r Tha um ndi a e ha r r s e al r nd ni ta i tpe ul notc ngeasar s tofhi r a nt nt3i as pr de t tt Sl e a tr a ha eul s e ppoi me ' t lo ovi d ha he ûglnerl ems nd , c tonsofg r rs a nmen asouti di ( s i ta TemsofFac t Ofe dae ondii Gane 'j ppoit t lne n hij niil r uly fr td Ocobe 6, t r 2009 a a e e on Ocobe 1 2009 r m an va i 'J. Thi doc e doesnot nd cc pt d t r 2, e i ld. -, s um nt ' ds m e i t St ge Le t rort fna i t r s c ai d t r i nton he e r te he i nc al e m ont ne he e n. Ga r s f ng w a no r duc d i m e a e y f l i hi r m o lasExe utve D ie t nw ' undi s t e e m di t l olow ng s e va c i r c or i M a 201 ora t rhi S e ppoi m e ' asD iec orofM I i N o m be 201 l f c ,i Apr l n y 2 f e s i a nt nt' r r t S n ve r 2. n a t n i 201 a oxi a el one yea afe he w asr m o d asExe utve D ie t ,G a ne , ih Dea s 3, ppr m t y r tr e ve c i r c or r r w t n' a ova , e t t r s a c r' undsouti i t St ge Le t rt e e t a nt e s ppr l us d he t key e e r he ' f lned n he e r t e o xt nd he ppoi m nt oft o M l K ey Researchersf anot t w S or her hree year D ean D e at154- Byr D ep.at64- 72; s. p. 55; d 66, 3I f c , Gane hasr ceve ar s snc hesgne t sdoc nt Henow eansaba es l yof$288, 1 n at r r e i d aie i e i d hi ume . r s aar 21 a r ceve an a nita i si nd of$63, f at ala ls ll of$35l211 SeeDe .sM o .Summ . at8 nd e i s dmi srtve tpe 000, or ot nnua aa' y , . f' t J. n. Doc tN o.59. 3, ke 6 PlsEx.75( i 8, 3e- i fom Gane t By d,aki t f ngfrt s r e c r be ' Aprl 201 mal r r r o r s ng hat undi o he e esarhe s r we usngihe$500k/ a pr dedt mef M l f uly'. ene d i t t ye r ovi o or S ac t ' ) l ea l A ugus 201 how ev r D ea m etw ih M c n e W a t r ,Uni r iy Couns l a n ry t 3, e, n t N nn e, le s ve s t e , nd J k Fim e t Uni r iy' V i Pr tf Fac t Af ais t di c s G a ne ' f ng. e n ac r y, he ve s t s ce ovos or uly f r , o s us r r s undi D a Dep.a 1 - 133- 36,1 40.De t tted t the i ta e t sm e tng afe G a ne r ue t d t 21 22, 1 38an es ii ha nii t d hi e i t r r r eq s e t na e ofhi is a tup' f be c nge t tG a ne Sus a ni Fund. 1 a 1 Att sm ee i he m s ût r - ' und ha d o s r r t i ng ' d. t 36. hi ' tng, t gr decdedt t mi t t $500, i a llbor t y f ng t thad be n pr dedt he oup i o er nae he 000 n nnua a a or undi ha e ovi o G a ne s nc he w a hied a Exe tve D ie t r ofVB1i 2009.Dea D e a 1 1 .Ga ne r ri e s r s cu i rco n n p. t 40- 41 r r recei a l t f om Fim ey on Augus 14,2013,whi expl ned t hi l ved eter r z t ch ai hat s aborat y f ng or undi w oul e on J 30,201 t e oft ts a ye r Fi y e a ned t tt stsa tup f ng' d nd une 4, he nd he i c l a . nne xpl i ha hi ût r - undi ' h db e S so itdwi ( r e')a p it n a Die tro g q'a dta i ith sa t p a e n t s cae t Gan rs p onme t s r co f VBl, n h t ts l e tr u a h ' g pac ger ee e i (heStge Letr wa desgne t a ss i t i tai ofr s r e r h ka efrnc d n t e r tej s i d o sit n he niiton hij esa c pr ogram atVi gi a Teeh and notaspennanentbase s r ni upport'f hi l at y.P1' Ex.29. ' or s abor or .s l accordance w ih Fi n t nney' l t ,Gar s l s eter ner' aborat y f ng w asw ihdraw n i J or undi t n une 201 GanerDe l!39. S yr e rhe 'f ng, aloi tal outi di t St er 4. r c. The s es ac r' undi was s niily lne n he eg ke Letr ha c i duni er ptd.d. 37. ar ul oft wihdrwa i f ng, me ' te, s ontnue ntru e l ! As es t he t a l n undi Ga rs l bor t y i s a f w ih f w e i vi ua st n w he he w asExe utve D i e t .See Ga ne D e l a a or s t f ed t e r ndi d l ha n c i r c or r r c. !41. a Afi vi! 11. c di t Gane ,hef ngwihdrwa ha ha ( de sai ,De n fda t Ac or ng o r r t undi t a l s d C va ttng a e fc o g s a lt t e fe t n hil biiy o ngagei r eac t manti a a nc g s postona rputtona n es rh o i an nd dva e hi) ii nd e ai s as e itt atac ga f ndi t s cints,o tr t rnt u ng o uppor g s lboaor i pe nty,a t maiti ( s t hij a rt y nde nde l nd o nan hil a de ccae .'d. 40. ca mi rer'I ! ProcvduralH i oa st Gane fl t slws tunde 42U. C.j 1 algi t thepose s albe t a r r ied hi a ui r S. 983, le ng ha ssed i ry nd pr r y i e e ti hi pos ton a Exe utve D i e t r ofV BI a t tt def nda svi a e hi ope t nt r s n s ii s c i r co , nd ha he e nt ol t d s co tt i lrght w he t y de i d hi oft tposton w ihou due pr s . n O c obe 9, ns iutona i s n he prve m ha ii t t oce s O t r 201 t c tdi m i s d m uc ofGar r sc pl i .Se D oc tN o. The co the d t t 4, he our s s e h ne ' om a nt e ke 24. ur l ha G a ne ' lbe t i e e tc a m f ie be us t e pl ym e a ton a l d di notc tt e a r r s i ry nt r s l i a l d, ca e he m o nt c i lege d ons iut s g fc ntr as i e S o a poston out i hi fel ofc c ' I a 1 The c ta s he d i nii a e sgnm nt ç t ii s de s i d hoi e. d. t 9. ' our l o l t t de e nt ,i t i i vi ua c pa ii s w e e e il d t qua ii d i m uniy on Ga ner s hat he f nda s n he r ndi d l a c t e , r ntt e o lf e m t r ' pr r y i e e tcl i f da a ,bec us i w a no S e r y esa i he ' ha t e pl ym e ope t nt r s a m or m ges a e t s t s a l t bls d't t he m o nt cl a ton a i s ha vi a e a pr t c e pr ry i e es . d. t 1 G a ne ' onl r a ni cl i , c i t s ue d ol t d o e t d ope t nt r t l a 4. r r s y em i ng a m t eor i hi pr peryitr tcam f rpr pe tveij tver le a i tt dee nt i herf e,s s o t nees li o os ci nunci eif gans he fnda s n t rof i a c pac tes hei fci l a ii . I isO c obe 9,201 opi on,t c te pha i d t tt d r tca co i r ton' w ih nt t r 4 ni he our m s ze ha he t ii l ns de a i ' t c r s c t t s c ai i w he he ,unde t t r s oft Ha book,Ga r s c nge i pos ton e pe t o hi l m s t r r he e m he nd nw ' ha n ii c tt e a û e r s nc i ' w hi h r quied t the be af o de t s e duepr es a ons iut d û ve e a ton,' c e r ha s f r d he am oc s s r m o lf ca e ora C e s gnm en , w hi h di not 1 a 1 U nde t t nns oft e va or us , d as i r t' ' c d . d. t 2. r he e he Ha ndbook,û C e r s nc i . . r ly i ve a s gni i a l s o pe ly. .s h as but $ s ve e a ton, .gene a l nvol s i fc nt os r na t . uc , a notlmie t arduci i tte,rs nsbiiis ands ay..'1 a 1 1 (ii Ha boo j i td o, e ton n il epo i lte , alr .'' d. t 2- 3 ctng nd k 7. 5) Thec tf 6. . our oundt tGanerha a uaeyal edC h ar duci i tteand ha r d deq tl leg c bot e ton n il rs i lte .'d.a 1 Thus drj t r ucinsgn moneaybe is c tt earduci eponsbiiis'1 t 3. ,tif he ed to i tr nett) onsiut e ton i s l r t n i a a s t c nge i pos to woul c tt e a r duc i i til n a a y, he t ppe r he ha n ii n d ons iut e ton n tte, r po i lt a slr gali s eywihi t keveesnci caego y.'d. es nsbiiy, nd aay' f lngj quarl t n he s r a ton' t r 'I On Febr y 6,2015,bef e di uar or scover w as com pl ed,t def y et he endant fl a m oton f s ied i or s mmayj g n o t i is e a g n ta Gan rsc a ei p sto c nsiue a u r ud me t n h s su , r uig h t r e ' h ng n o iin o tttd Cr i ent'as a m at erofl becaus hi s ar w asnotr teass gnm ' t aw e s al y educed asa res t O n M ay 5,2015, ul . t coutde e t smoto fndi t tt rc da t ttmeCel te t tt pa te he t' nid hi in, i ng ha he e or tha i t fecgd) ha he ris r contnue t diput t scope and nat oft benett conf ed on Gar by hi i tal i o s e he ure he is en' ner s nii 8 conta tw ih t U ni r iy. D oc tN o.54 a 7.The c ta s not t ttd r duc i i tt e r c t he ve st ' ' ke t our l o ed ha da e ton n il , r s i lte ,a s lr i sm pl one e mpl oft sg fca tl sorpe t .i pos f e ponsbiii s nd aa y' s i y xa e a i nii n os naly..m ed or una ce a e conduc a or a s r ousbr a h ofuni r iy polcy'c tt i a s ve e s nc i ' c pt bl t nd/ ei ec ve st i ons iutng e r a ton. ' l a 8.Thustwj t rGane ' r movala Exec i Die t c tt edas veesncton d. t i hehe r rs e g s utve rcor onsiut e r a i e ilnghi t duepr s pr tci ( t nsonanumbe ofdipue f cs i udi butno ntti m o oce s oe tons 1 ur r s td a t,ncl ng, t lm ied t w het G amer' sal y wasreduced as a r ul.'l i t o, her l s ar es t' d. Th p ristldco smoinsf rs mmayj d me to M a 1 , 01 Theemoi n e a te ie r s- to o u r u g n n y 5 2 5. s to s ha be n f ly b i f d,a t c t a d a g e o e c m oto o J 23,201 The ve e u l r e e nd he our he r r um nt n a h i n n une 5. m otons a e now r pe f r vi . i r i or e ew St andard ofRevi ew Summayj me i a opraeo ywhe ûhepl di ,t dic r a dicos e r udg nt s ppr it nl n t ea ngs he s ovey nd s l ur t m a e i son fl a a af i vis s t ral ie, nd ny fda t how t tt e i no ge ne i s ast a m a e i lf ta t ha her s nui s ue o ny t r a ac rd t a t emo n i e tte t j d me t samatro lw. F d R. v. 5 () i h ncosh t h va t s n ild o u g n a te f a ' e . Ci P. 6 a .s e r s ' W moto f s ins or ummayj me ar s te t adititc tea hmoi mus bec i r d r udg nt e ubmitd o src our, c ton t onsde e i vi l and t f s r evantt each m us be vi ed i t lghtm os f ndi dualy, he act el o t ew n he i t avorabl t t e o he no mo a t'M elnv Bt ic 3 7F.d 3 5 3 3(t Ci. 0 3 . tes mmayj d me t n v n . le . mtn , 2 3 5 , 6 4 h r 2 0 ) At h u r u g n ' sa ,t c tc nnotk i jt e de o a s s r t winese cedi lt 'De sv. tge he our a é ghr he vi nce r s e sj he t s s' r biiy. nni we ' Col aColeonM e Ct.I .290F. 639,645(t Ci. 2) I t d,hec lt t umbi lt d. rsnc, 3d 4h r 200 .nsea t otr mus co i ronl w he he a r a ona e t i roff c C d r t r a ve di f t non- ovi pa t ' ns de y t r e s bl r e att coul e u n r ct or he m ng r y. ' Ande s v. be' Lo l ,477U. 242,248( 986 . ron Li ly bby. nc. t S. 1 ) D i si scus on A st cour hasst ed on pr ous occas ons,t crtcali r i t s cas Ci w het he t at evi i he ii nquiy n hi e çs her G ar exper enced a t ner i severe s i 'entti hi t due pr ancton, ilng m o ocesspr ectons,orw het he ot i her e r e e a d e sgnm e w hi h di not' Doc tN o.54 a 8,s e alo Doc tN o.24 a 1 xpe i nc d r as i nt' c d . ' ke t 'e s ke t 2. Agan, ( eve e s ton'i $ sgnii a l sorpe t t af uly m e rs h a ,butnot i a t r anci ' s 1 i fc nt os s a naly o ac t mbe uc s lm ie t a r duc i i tte, es i t d o, e ton n il r pons biii s a s l r ,ors pens o wihoutpa f a pe i i lte , nd a a y' us i n t y or r od no t e e one yea i pos f runac pt bl conduc a / a s r o br a h ofU ni st t o xc ed r m ed o ce a e t nd or e i us e c ver iy polc 'Pl' Ex.1 j7. 5. (ea sgnme ,' t ot rha i 1 c ngei a nitai iy.' .s 0 6. A d s i nt'on he he nd,s û ha n dmi srtve r a tte or s vi y res il uper sor pons biii reassi entt anot posii ordepart ent tans ert a i ltes, gnm o her ton m ,r f o sa fposton,a o r ton i s l r c tf ii nd/ r educ i n a a y omm e ur t wih r uc d r ponsbiii , whi i no ns a e t ed e es i ltes' ch s t ' i e dasape lyf wr ntnde nat or ongdoi J.j7. 3. ng..s 6. Uponrviwi t r c d,t c tfndst ta / e e ng he e or he our i ha n umbe ofmae ilfcua diputsprcl s r tra a t l s e e ude ummayj r udgme ont sis . nt hi sue Fore m pl ,t pa te di put w he he G a ne ' c nge i poston w a V m pos d f xa e he r i s s e t r r r s ha n ii sd i e or una ce a e co uc a or a s r ousbr a h ofUni r iy polc ' na e y,w he herhe w a c pt bl nd t nd/ ei ec ve s t i y' - m l t s r oved a r ul oft a t A tt out e ,t c tnot st tGa ne ' r m ovaloc ur e onl em es t he udi. he s t he our e ha r r s e c rd y t e da afe V i gi a Te h of i i l m e t di c st r s t oft VB 1a t w hi h c l d hr e ys t r r ni c fc a s t o s us he e uls he udi, c onc ude t tGa me ha vi a e c lc ofi e e tr e .Thi tm i ce ti y s ha l r d ol t d onf i t nt r s ul s s i ng ra nl ugges st tt t o e nt t ha he w ve s w e e r l t d. r e a e The def nda sm a nt i ho e r t tt c nge i l de s p w asnoti e e nt i a n, w ve , ha he ha n ea r hi nt nded a a s ûdi ci i y acton.'W aler Dep.at2 17.I t t def ç s plnar i ' t s nsead, he endant i s t iW alersr si s nsi t hat l t eas gned Ga neri or rt c nge V Bl spr r mm a i diec i n a m ove a a f om bi nf m a i . r n de o ha ' og a t c r to nd w y r oi or tcs' ' D ef' M o . .s t Sum m .J a 4,D oc tN o.59.s W a t r D e a 1 201. .t ke , ee le s p. t 97, The c t i t s our t nds hi e a ton di fc tt s r wih t Uni r iy' publc sa e e s i m e a el f l w i xpl na i f i ul o qua e t he ve s t s i t t m nt m di t y olo ng G ar sr oval whi des be bi nf ner' em , ch cri oi onnatcsasScrtcaly i port ' t VBI.See Def' Ex.E. i û ii l m ant' o .s M or ove ,Ga ne m ai ai t tW ale st d hi t the w a be ng r m ove due t i i k. Ga ner e r r r nt ns ha t r ol m ha s i e d o ds ' r r ' De l!!24- Gar rhasas pr uc de de s esi t tDe nt dot rVB1pes c. 25. ne lo od e vi nce ugg tng ha a ol he ronnel t theha be n r moved f rt a lng't a t SeeGa ne De l j 26, e e De a 9- 0.Dea ha d e e o t ii ' he udi. f r r c . g . nir p. t 1 M n, on t ot rha ha t tfed t the t d VBlpe s he he nd, s es ii ha ol r onnelt tt r i asa a tbutt r wasno ha he e t w n udi he e wr ongdoi ' D e Dep.a 62.W ihoutco i r ng t c e biiy oft e w ines e orot r i e ng.' an t t nsde i he r di lt hes t s s he w s 10 w ei ng t evi ghi he dence,t courtsi pl cannotdeci whet Gar srem ovalw as a ts e he m y de her ner' dever s t on' i ended aspuni hm entSf unaccept e conductand/ a s i br anc i ' nt s çor abl or er ous each ofU ni iy verst Polcy-' i ' The pa tesal o diput w he he G a ne e r e e ça r duc i n i tte, e po i ltes ri s s e t r r r xpe i nc d ( e t o n il r s ns biii , a s a y' fti s ua el w ihi t H a nd al r ' itng q r y t n he ndbook' de i to ofa ( e e s nc i ' Se Pl' Ex. s f nii n ' ver a ton. e .s s ' 1 j7. 5. pa tesagret tGn n rsttea r ponsbiii c nge whe hewasrmove 0 6. The ri e ha r e ' il nd es i ltes ha d n e d f om t poston ofExe utve D ie or t y al o a e t thi s l r di notc nge asa r ul of r he ii c i r ct ; he s gr e ha s a a y d ha es t t sc nge.The pa te di a e ho e r a t w he he G a ne ' l s ofl bo a or f ndi w as hi ha ri s s gr e, w ve , s o t r r r s os a r t y u ng c onne t d t hi dem oton,whi h m a s ce o s i c y ugge tt i wasa s ve e s nc i s hat t e r a ton. The de e nt a gue t tt l bor t r f ndi pr de f r i t St ge Le t rw a no f nda s r ha he a a o y u ng ovi d o n he e r te s t i e nt nded t s o uppor G a ne ' l bo a or i fnie y.A c or ng t t de e nt ,Vi g ni Te h, t r r s a r t y nde i t l c di o he f nda s r i a c lkeot runi rii ,i t t d ai ofaltsa tup'pa kage .SeeDe nAf. 9'Fine De i he ve stes lmis he urton lttr- ' c s a f ! , n y p. a 98;M c a t N meeDe a 35. de e nt c endt tGa ne kne ors d ha known t s p. t The f nda s ont ha r r w houl ve he e f unds w o d be lm ie i dur ton,be aus he hasnego i t d num er t t r - 'pa ka ove ul i td n ai c e ta e ous t a tup' c ges r s t c s ofhi ca e r See G a ne D e a 98 1 The de e n st m ai ai t tt dec son he our e s re . r r p. t - 00. f nda t hus nt n ha he i i t t r i t Gal r s l bo a or f ng oc ur ed a a m a t r o c s ,a w ase ie y unr l t d o e m na e me ' a r t y undi c r s te f our e nd ntr l ea e t t ea lerde s on t r m ove G a ne a Exe utve Di e t r The def nda st a gue t tt o he z i cii o e r r s c i r co . e nt hus r ha he r m o lofG a ner sl bor t y f ng i 201 ca m ott a f m hi 201 r s i nm e i o a e va r ' a a or undi n 3 r r ns or s 2 ea s g nt nt s e sancton. ever i The def nda s poston i no w ihoutm e i . e t ,howeve ,i G a ne ' . c r ng t e nt ' ii s t t rt N iher r s r r s A co di o G a ne ,t l bor or f ng s tf ' i t St rLe t rw asi e r r he a at y undi e olh n he ege te t nt nded t pr de o o ovi ngoi ng s uppo tf hi pe s lr s a c SeeGa ne De . l Ga nere r or s r ona e e r h. r r cl ! 0. r mphasz t tt St ge Let r i es ha he e r te is fdoesnotexplcil lm i t dur i oft e f ,even t t el i ty i t he aton hos unds hough ot tnanci t her i al enusi t n hat l t ar so lm ied.See Pl' Ex.11.W hen G ar w asr oved as Executve D iect ,he l tt eter e i t .s ner em i r or os he 11 a lt t de i t V B1f biiy o s gna e undst s o uppo thi own l bor t r es e t a l pe m itng t def nda s r s a a o y, s n i ly r t i he e nt t r m ove hi f ng a t i l i ur Thus G a ne c t nds he e r e ed a s ve e s nc i a o e s undi t he r e s e. , r r on e , xpe i nc e r a ton t t tm e ofhi de oton,des t t f c t tt de e nt di no f l t ough by wihdr w i he i s m i pie he a t ha he f nda s d t olow hr t a ng hi f ng f overa year. s undi or l s e de ei t s n um, vi nc n he ummayj r udgme r or s rsbohpa tes postons The nt ec d uppo t t ri ' ii . c tt c motco l t tet ri e ildt j me a amatroflw. our hus ar ncude ha ihe s ntte o udg nt s te a C oncl i us on Fo tera o ssae ,h pa t s moinsf rs mmayj d me ta ed n e Thi matr r h e s n ttd t e ri ' to o u r u g n r e id. s te e wilbestdownf abe htil a whi t eoul i e t ma us ofa a s yj y. l e or nc ra, t eh he ' ntnds o ke e n dvior ur The t Cl r i diec ed t s nd ce tf e co e oft sm e or ndum o ni n a t a c pa ng or r ek s r t o e ri i d pi s hi m a pi o nd he c om nyi de t a lc o l ouns lofr or e ec d. EN TER : Thi s l' a day ofJul , 2015. y Chi U nied St es Di t ctJ ef t at sri udge 12
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