Brown v. Mathena et al, No. 7:2014cv00020 - Document 59 (W.D. Va. 2014)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Jackson L. Kiser on 9/16/2014. (tvt)
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C E : or l u.s.Dl cour RK' FeE sm A I VIL y T MN L E A R E Q c* LO SEP 15 2 1 24 I TH E I NI N J TED STATES DI STRI CO URT CT x m c. n x u c Rx F T WETNNDslSrO VR II B; EUYLR oR HE R ARKITtcO F IGNA Y PFCEK SEO EDV IN O II' l SRt Ci lA c i N o. 1 c 00020 vi t on 7: 4- v- K E LV IN E.BR O W N , Pl nt f , ai i f M EM ORANDUM OPI ON NI By: R ANDALL C.M ATH ENA,e aI, t . D ef endant s. H on. ks L. ie Jac on K s r Seni U ni e St e D i t i tJudge or t d at s s r c Kevi E.Br ln own,aVigi a i t pr ee ng pr âça a s kno asKa i A . r ni mua e oc di o nd l o wn rm M uha mmad,fldaci lrght Co ai purua t 42U. C.j1 ie vi i s mpl nt s nt o S. 983.Pli ifge r l antf nealy alg st td fn a t, aesafo teVign aDe rme to Co rcin (d l e ha e e d n s who r tf f h r ii pa t n f re to s i e VDOC' a dte 'n h ) Re Oni Stt Prs (d d on ae ion ' ROSP',donotsl ehi nurtona f i co onniywihhi ' ) e' m tii l ood n nf t t s v Ilmi beif.Dee da t fldamoi nf rs mmayj d me ta dPlitf r s o d d, sa c les fn ns ie to o u r u g n, n an if e p n e m a ng t ma t rpe f dipostc .l Afe r vi ngt r or 1gr ntde e nt moton f ki he ter i or s iim t r e ewi he ec d, a f nda s' i or s mmayj g n b c u ePlitf fist e tbihavilto o f d rllw a dd fn a t a e u r ud me t e a s an if al o sa ls oain f e ea a n e e d n s r e ild t qualfe i muniy. ntte o ii d m t 1 . Pli tf fl t sa ton bec us hebei ve ta oft VDOC ' Comm on Fa eM e a n if ied hi c i a e le s r ys he s r nuz (d scommonFae' aenotpr r a s r e a ROSP i c or t wiht r ii r' r ) epaed nd e v d t n onf miy t he elgous r q ic n so teNai no llm (k ', c i Plitf r lgo .Pli if o lis e urme t f h to f sa k ' whih s an ifs eii n ant c mpan NO1 ) f l ec u t dn t uh rz Plitf t fl û be to 't d fn a tsAn we .S eF d R. v P.l ()l( . Th o r di o a to ie anifo ie t j cins'o ee d n ' s r e e . Ci. 2a()C) o 2CommonFar wa devel dt me tt di ay ne ofi tswho ne aKos , H aa,ornon- k dit e s ope o e he etl eds nmae ed her ll por e f r i ousr s a c or elgi ea ons nd annotbt a comm odae b f c t d y oodsonot rV DOC m enus I or rt r cevtCom m on he . n de o e i Fa e,he i t mus a yt prs a VDOC ofi al a de r t nmae t ppl o ion nd fci s nd monsr t asnce er i ousnee f Common Far tae i r elgi d or e. l a ove t i a e m us si t Com m on Fa e Agr m e , om i i t a de by t e r e ofpa c pa i f ppr d, he nm t t gn he r ee nt pr sng o bi h ul s li i ton, V i atonsoft Comm on Fa eA gr m e i l f lngt pikup a las 75% oft Com m o Fa em eass r d ol i he r ee nt ncude aii o c te t he n r l e ve ea m ont eai tadi orpos e snguna t orz f ie s gi ng a a orta ng aCom m onFa ef ie , ch h, tng, r ng, ssi u h ied ood t m , vi w y r di r ood tm pur hasngoreaig f ie si onssentw ih Comm onFa e,a no atndi a lbl rlgi s r cesa l s c i tn ood tm nc it t r nd t te ng vaia e ei ous e vi t ea t t c perm ont An i aewho vi aest Agr m e i r m ove fom Co m on Fa ef sxm ont f afr t wie h. nm t olt he ee nt s e dr m r or i hs or ss ofe e,ayea f as ond ofe e, f ye sf as bs quentofe e.Thes s tonsar i e d t dee t fns r or ec fns and our ar or u e f ns e anci e ntnde o tr he pari i ton ofi a c who l c a s rousr i ous i e es i t e Com m on Fa e pr gr m . tc pa i nm t s a k e i elgi nt r t n h r o a a u telc o h twae f r r i c r as t s bsiuino f ij ief rs ni g o fut bo t h a k f o tr o mo nng ee l,he u ttto f nl uc o e n s f r i, t t s a l rpor i n s z ofCom m on Fa e m ea st n ofo he m e ,t q lt ofCom m on Fa e he m le to i es r l ha t r nus he ua iy r ve t bl s a br ad, he l ck ofr lgi c tfc ton f be r es a br ad,a t m a r ge a e nd e t a e i ous erii a i or ve ag nd e nd he nne tays c ,a ldsus d f Co mon Fa e a eta pored,cea d,a sor i r l to t t r , ups nd i e or m r r r ns t l ne nd t ed n e ai n o he t a t y'f t niar ' oodss r d on ot rmenus antf a s bei ve t tprs wor r a eno uns e ve he .Pl i if lo le s ha ion ke s r t qua ii d t s r Comm on Fa e,t tt a nita i pr e esi plm e e t bea ove lfe o e ve r ha he dmi sr tve oc dur m e nt d o ppr d f ,t r c ve,a t ber m ove fom Comm o Far a eunlwf ,a t ti a e s d notbe or o e ei nd o e d r n e r a ul nd ha nm t s houl f c t c r andpr s ntt ri ntfc ton c dst r ceve Comm o Fa e.Pl ntf ar or ed o ary e e hei de ii a i ar o e i n r ai if guest t ha t ecompl i t vi ae hi rg spur ua t t Relgi La Us a l tt i lz hes a n s ol t s i ht s nt o he i ous nd e nd nsiutona ied Pe s Ac CC PA' a t Fis,Eiht a Foure nt Ame nt Pli ifr quet rons t RLUI ' nd he rt g h, nd ) te h ndme s. antf e ss da ag and dec ar t y a eq t e r i . m es l a or nd uiabl elef De e nt expl i t tVDOC pole r quie Com mon Fa e mea st be pr pa ed usng f nda s an ha iy e r s r l o e r i pr m e s ed l e a s aest e ur pr pe f pori a es r ed, a asa r s t Com m on e a ur adls nd c l o ns e o r ood tons r e v nd e ul, Fa e hasbee a l d a e rii d asm e tng ore e i m i mum da l nu rto l r n nayze nd e tfe ei xc ed ng ni iy tii na r r m e s ROSP' r us bl f ta a ldsus f rCo mon Fa emeasa e wa hed, equie nt . S e a e ood r ys nd i ed o m r l r s s nii ed,a sor s pa a e y fom t taysa c r us d f ot rmenus a a 1Comm on a tz nd t ed e r t l r he r nd ove s e or he , nd l Fa em easa epr pa e s pa ael fom t r ulrm e m e l a plce on s r ng c rst t r l r e r d e r t y r he eg a nu a s nd a d e vi a t ha a er er d f Co m on Fa em e s Fr h pr r es ve or m r al. es oduc i or r d e yw e k a wa hed a e s de e ver e nd s nd c e ne Pr l a d. oducet ti no s t bl f rs r ng be us of f exa e, ormol i dic r ha s t uia e o e vi ca e , Or mpl age d s s a ded. Si ia l br d t ti sa e mol orC d'i nots r d, a Comm on Fa em e si l m l ry, ea ha s t l , dy, t ' s ol e ve nd r al nc ude K os rbr ad. D e e nt f t e a n t tf es f i i s r w hen a iabl , but l00% f t he e f nda s urher xpl i ha r h nzt s e ved va l e rui j c i s ve asana opraerplc ntwhe nofes fui i a ia e D ef uie s er d ppr it e a eme n r h r t s valbl endant adm i s t . t tt s m ebeve ag a e s ve fom t s m econ a ne sr ga dl st t t ofta a ha he a r es r er d r he a t i r e r es o he ype r y n i t r ei ,butt r i not ng i t r or t s nma e ec ves he e s hi n he ec d o uppor t pr ii t tt be r ges t he oposton ha he ve a con ai por r a e i e e sorar c r r t r lgi r quiem e s Def nda s a s tt t t n k- el t d ngr di nt e ont a y o e i ous e r nt . e nt s er ha onl a horze f iemsa e s r d on t Comm on Far me a al a horz f ie s y ut i d ood t r e ve he e nu, nd 1 ut i ed ood t m c ompl wih Kos rand Haalsa ds Def nda sas a s r t talf s vi wor r , y t he l tndar . e nt lo s e t ha l ood er ce ke s i l ng i a ekic wo ke s r ceve tani a s r son i t pr rha i oft ncudi nm t t hen r r , e i r i ng nd upe vii n he ope ndlng he f us d f Com m on Fa e a t tal he t hygi ne,a s f t r es a e e or e ood e or r nd ha l alh, e nd a e y ul r nf c d. ll. Dee d n sfldamoin frs mmayj d me t a g i gt tte aee t ldt q aiid fn a t i e to o u r u g n, r u n ha h y r ni e o u l e t f i mmuniy.Quaiidi t lfe mmuniypemisS r ntofii spef mi dic ei r t r t d nme fcal ror ng s r tonay gove f ons...gobe s ede fom la lt frcvi da gesi ofra t rc undi t ) hil d r ibiiy o i l ma ns a s hei onduc doe not t s vi ae cea l e tbls saut y orc tt i lrght ofwhih ar as ol t l ry sa ihed t t or onsiutona i s c e onabl pe s woul e ron d ha known. Hal v. t e ad, 7U. S00,B1 ( 9B2) ve ' row Fizg r l 45 S, ' B 1 .Onceade e ntr iest f nda as he qualte i ii d mmuniyde e e,apl i ifbea st btr n t s w t ta de e ntsc t f ns antf r he tde o ho ha f nda ' ondud vi a e t pl i if sr ght Br ntv.M ut 994 F.2d 1 ol t d he a ntf i . va h, 082,1 ( h Ci.1 . 086 4t r 993) A p ryi e tte t s mmayj d me t f h pla ig ,h ds o ey a ds l s r a t s n ild o u r u g n i t e e dn s t e ic v r nd ico u e m a e i l on fl a a a fdaviss t tt r i no ge nediput ast a m a e i lf t t ra s ie, nd ny fi t how ha he e s nui s e o ny t ra ac . Fe R.Ci P.56() M aei f t aet ene sar t esa iht elme sofapat s d. v. a. tral acs r hos ce s y o tbls he e nt ry' ca e ofac i A nde s v. be t Lobby, I , U. 24 2 ( 986) A ge neis of us t on. r on Li r v nc.477 S. 2, 48 1 . nui sue m a e i lf c e ssi,i vi wi t r cor a a1 r as na e i e enc dr wn t r fom i a t ra a t xit f n e ng he e d nd 1 e o bl nf r es a he e r n lghtm os f abl t t non- ovi part , a r onabl f -i i t avor e o he m ng y eas e actfndercoul r ul a ver ctf t d et ' n di or he non- ova . l The m ovi pa t ha t bur ofs m nt d. ng r y s he den howi - t ha i , poi i outt t ng d t s ntng t o he 3 dititc t t t r i a a e ofevi nc t s src our - hat he e s n bs nce de e o uppor t nonm ovi pa t sc e.' t he ng ry' as ' Cel exCor v.Car t, U. 31 3 ( ) I t mova stsi t sbur n,he t ot p. tet477 S. 7, 25 1986 . f he nt aifes hi de t n he no movan m us s tf t s cii a s i ef ct t tde onsr t t e se e ofage ne nt t e orh pe fc, dmisbl a s ha m tae he xit nc nui i s off ctf t i l3 L-a 3 2 2 A p ryi e tte t s mmayj dg n i t rc d a a s ue a or ra . ds t 2 - 3. a t s n i d o u u l r u me t f he e or s whol coul notl d ar i ltiroff c t fnd i f voroft non- ova . W ila sv.Grfi e d ea atona re ato i n a he m nt lim ifn, 952F. 820,823( hCi.1991) iM eeuns 2d 4t r . ç r uppore s c ai ...i note td pe ulton s nought defa a o et s mmayj dg n mo in. En i v. tlAs' o Bu . Ed c Ra i ,n=, 3F.d5 6 ( t u r u me t to ' ns Na' sn f s & u . d o l .5 3 5, 2 4h ' Ci.1 . r 995) Pl ntf doesnotsa ef t on whih a r as bl f ti rc d c l t t ai if t t acs c e ona e acfnde oul oncude ha de enda sW a r t She r Pa r orTa o ha a pe s na i vol m e wih Pl i ifs f nt lah, a , r , yl r d ny r o l n ve nt t antf algato .Alo,safsi trt -ac denilofagreva g r pons t alter flsfrs t le ins s tf' ' e -hef t a af i nce or es e o et q al a hor ofet ihi j 1 la lt ' pa av. y, 7:2c 39, sabls ng 983 ibiiy.'De ol Ra No. l v00l 2013U. Dit LEXI S. s. S 11 82,a *23,2013W L 4451 a *8( . Va.J y22,201 ( r nt M ...Libiiy 71 t 236, t W D. ul 3) Sage , J) a lt unde j 1 mayno beprdi t ont t or ofr s r 983 t e caed he he y eponde ts i .Se Monelv. p' of a uperor e l De t Soc.Sevs,436U. 658,663n. ( 978 ,Fihe v.W as ngonM er AraTr i Auhor,690 r . S, 71 ) s r . hi t to. e anst t . F. 11 11 43( h Ci.1 .Acc di y,hes dee nt aeenil t quaiid 2d 33, 42- 4t r 9S2) or ngl t e fnda s r tted o lfe i ni a ds mmayj dg n .Ias n t t tPli tf ha sae n fcst s p o t n mmu t n u r u me t lo o e ha anif s ttd o a t o u p r a y y a tona ec am f m o tr da c i bl l i or nea y mage unde RLUI a def nda sar i s r PA, nd e nt e mmunefom dama r ges i t i of i i lca ii . Se e. ,Sos a on v. Texas n he r f c a pac tes e. c. s m , - U. S. - , 1 S.Ct 1 ,1 ( 1 , 31 . 651 660 201 ) . 3In t t a Plitf c n o us ars n et amoinfrsmmayj d me toc re t ekin isi a oe h t anif a n t e epo s o to o u r u g n t o rc d f e ce n c mplit h l n e b ad fn a tsmoinfrsmmayj d me t S eCla i e v Mc vt 5 5F3d 324, o an c al g d y ee d n ' to o u r u g n . e o nng r . De i 5 t t 336 ( hCi. 4t r 2009)( i t tapli ifma no a ndacomplitt ough a g nti abre opposn s notng ha antf y t me an hr r ume n if ig ummay r jd me t; l u v. fs Mc n l & Co.3 2F.d 1 2 l 1 ( 1hCi. 0 4 (a ) u g nlGi c Gae , Do ad mo , 8 3 31 , 3 5 1 t r2 0 ) sme. . Re d l nv. u e 5 F.d 1 2 1 9(t Ci. 0 9 ; a v La , F.d4 6, 30(t Ci. n ema Ro s , 69 3 8 , 8 4 h r 2 0 ) Gry . ws 51 3 2 4 4 h r 1 .Fi ly, 995) nal 111. Pl i i fa l gest ta f iur t pr de Com m o Fa e m e l t ar nutii ly a ntf le ha a l e o ovi n r a s hat e r tona l e vaentt t me ss r e t t Genc a Po a i vi l t st Foure nt Am e qui l o he al e v d o he r l pulton o a e he te h ndmen rght ti t Eq lPr e ton.TheEqua Pr e ton c a er quie t tpe s sm ia l st t d be te t d o ua ot c i l ot c i l us e r s ha r ons i lry iua e rae ai Pl v. ,457U. 202, ( 98 .I or rt saea e pr e toncam,a lke. yer Doe S. 216 1 2) n de o tt n qual otci li pli ifm us de o taet thehasbee tea e dif r n l fom ot r who a esm ia l a ntf t m nsr t ha n r t d f e e ty r he s r i lry st t d a t tt une lte t ntwa t r ul ofi t ntona dic i na i n.M ori s v. iua e nd ha he qua r a me s he es t n e i l s rmi to rs on Gara y,239F. 648( hCi. 01.d di rl whe asaer gulto orpolc i rght 3d 4t r 20 ) s naiy, n tt e ain or iy s cha lng undert EqualPr t di n Clus unl s i i vesaf le ed he o e o a e, e s t nvol unda nt rghtoras pe me al i us d cl s i i pr um e t beva i a wilbe s t i d $ft r i ar to lr a i hi be we n t as , t s es d o ld nd l usane i he e s a i na eltons p t e he dipa iy ofteam e a s s rt r t nt nd ome l ii t gove m e a pur e.' Ve y v.W yc 293F. eg tma e m nt l pos '' ne he, 3d 7 6, (t Ci. 0 2 ( u tn Helrv. e 5 9U. 31 , 9 3 0( 9 ).Ane ua 2 73l 4 h r 2 0 ) q o ig le Do , 0 S. 2 31 - 2 1 93) q l p o e to v oain o e r i o o t wa s ( )whe t g v r me te piil ca sfe r tcin i lto c u s n ne f wo y : 1 n he o en n x lcty ls iis pe p eb s do rc , r()wh nalw i fcal n ur l u a mi itain o e fr e n o l a e n a e o 2 e a s a ily e ta b t d nsrto r n o c me t dipr tona ey a f t one cas ofpe s ove a t ra dic i naor i e ora m usi s opori t l fec s l s r ons r no he nd s rmi t y nt nt ni s s n. Syl a D e Cpr v.Ca ver Cnt ., 48F. 81 81 1 ( h Ci.1 .Ani e' how vi v. p. l t y 3d 0, 8- 9 4t r 995) nmat s eq lpr t to c am mus bea l ed i lg ofaprs ss ils c iy a m a ua o eci n l i t na yz n i ht ion' peca e urt nd nage nt me c er M orion, F.da 655( tngJ v. C. ione s La Uni l ,433U. onc ns. rs 239 3 t eii ones N. Prs r ' bor onsnc. S. 1l 1 ( 977) 9, 36 1 ). 5 Pl ntf alege t tComm on Fa epori szesa e s al rt n t po to r eve by ai if l s ha r ton i r m le ha he ri ns ec i d t ge r lpopul ton on ot rm e . Howeve ,a i at w ho ha c e t r ce ve Com m o he ne a ai he nus r n nm e s hos n o e i n Far f r lgi r as i notsm iary st e t i aeswilngt e tfom t ot rme . e or ei ous e ons s i l l iuatd o nm t li o a r he he nus Se e. ,Awe v. De tofCor .No. 1 cve. g. Va. p' r, 7:2- 00546, 3 U . Dit LEXI 1 227, t#8, 201 S. s . S 61 a 2 3W L 5 8 6 , t* ( . Va No 1 , 01 )( s r J)(ee tn Eq l o e to cam 01 98 8 9 a 2 W D. . v. 2 2 3 Kie, . rj cig ua Pr tci n li r l t d t t Com m o Fa e di bec us t pl ntf wa ' sm ia l st t d t i t swho e a e o he n r et a e he ai if s k i l ry iua e o nma e not donotrquiemeast bes ci l prpardbas onacli dr ii beif',afd,201 e r l o pe aly e e ed ame elgous le ) f' 4 U. App.LEXI 6031( hCi. .1201 ( rcura .Plitf hasno esa ihedt thei S. S 4t r Apr 4) pe im) anif t tbls ha s t ea ed dif r nty t n ot ri a esr e vi t s m e Com m on Fa e f r t f e e l ha he nm t ec i ng he a r oods a por i s z . nd ton i es Acc di y, ai ifi ûi a 1r l va r s dsa i ' a smia l st t d t i aesr eevi or ngl Pt ntf s kn l e e nt e pe lke' nd i lry iua e o nm t e i ng Com m o Fa e nott ot rm e ,a Pl i iff l t esa ih a e lpr eci cai . n r, he he nus nd antf ais o t bls n qua ot ton l m lV . Pl i ifale st tr uii hi t sgnt Common Fa e Ag e m e vi a e due antf l ge ha eq rng m o i he r r e nt olt s m ove sbe a et Ag e m e dunco tt i ly'pr de f s nci , i l ng r m ova ,i s c us he r e nt ç nsiutona l ' ovi s or a tons nc udi e l f hev oae t p o rm' tr a dc ndto .Plitf beiv s' io a miitao gls ul i lts he r g a s ems n o i ns an if le e t s n d n srtrs ho d i pr notpolce prsonersl' i i ' The Due Pr e sClus a iswhe g r m e a aci de i sape s ofa oc s a e pple n ove n nt l ton prve r on l tma e lbery orpr ry i e e t Se e. ,Bd. Rece s v. h,408 U . . 5 5 7 egii t i t ope t ntr s . e. :. of nt Rot S 64, 76- 7 ( 972) Thetrtse i a yzngapr durlduepr s cli i t i ntf whehe t 1 . ls tp n nal i oce a oce s am s o de iy t r he al ge c le d onduc a f t apr eced i er s, whih a iefom t s r e t DuePr es Cl e t fec s ot t nt e t c rs r wo ou c s: he oc s aus is l and t l w s oft St t s K y. D ep' ofCor v.Thom pson, 490 U. 454, ( 989) I a t ef he a he a e . t r. S. 460 1 . f pr ect i er thas been es ablshed, t co tm us ne de e m i w he he t ti t r tha ot ed nt es t i he ur t xt t r ne t r ha n e es s b e d p i e a di s ,' a n g wheh rtep o e u e atnd n u o ta d p iain we e e n e rv d, n f o Tx mie j te h r c d r s te a t p n h t e rv to r c tt i ly s fc e .'l onsiutona l uf ii nt' d. Pl i ifsduepr es cli mus f lbe a ehedoesnotha apr ece lbe t i e es antf ' oc s am t ai c us ve ot td i ry nt r t i teCo nFaede .Al o hç sttsma u d rc rancru tnc sce t l e t n h mmo r it t ug d lae y n e e ti ic msa e r ae i ry h g b i er sswhih a epr t ctd by t DuePr s Cl us s' hos pr ec e i e essl l be nt e t c r oe e he oce s a e't e ot t d nt r t k l wi g r l lm ie t fe dom fom r sr i whih, l note ee ngt s nt nc i s h a ene aly i t d o r e r e tant c whie xc di he e e e n uc n une xpeced ma rast gi rs t pr t c i by t DuePr es Cl us ofiso f ce t nne o ve ie o o e ton he oc s a e t wn or , nonehees i pos sa ypi la sgnii a ha ds p on t i ae i r a i t t or na y t l s m e t ca nd i fc nt r hi he nm t n elton o he di r i cd n so p io lf v S ndnv. n o , 1 U. 4 2 4 3 8 ( 9 ) s eBe e aiv S t n i e t f rs n ie' a i Co n r 5 5 S. 7 , 8 - 4 1 95 , e v r t . mi ' . h, 1 0F.d 5 0 5 3(t Ci.1 9 )( odigta a miitai es g e ain frsxmo t swi 2 3 0 , 0 4h r 9 7 h l n h t d n srtv e rg t o i n h t o h ve mi ,hum a wa t ,foode t l ; r n' n se' l d oiet unbe r bl hea ;c d f od;dit cot ng,lne ,a a a e t ol o ry l hi i ns nd be ng'l pe i i t c l no outi r c ea i ,no e a i lorr lgi uss l ces a ddi , ong rods n he el; sde e r ton' duc tona e i o ewi ; nd t sf wa nots aypiala t i easg fc hads p) Plitf spa tci toni es ood s o t c s o mpos iniiant r hi . anif ri pai n Comm on Fa edoesno c e t apr e t d lbe t i e e ti et rt pr a is fort m a r t r a e ot c e i ry nt r s n ihe he ogr m tel he nner i whi t tpr a i a i se ed. The f tt tVDOC r quie ofe r t a e t a deby n ch ha ogr m s dm nit r ac ha e r s f nde s o gr e o bi t t r soft Comm on Fa epr a doe notc ea ea i pe nts t ntverg , a he e m he r ogr m s r t n nde nde ubsa i i ht nd prs ofi a sr t n t rghtt i pos s nc i upon i a e who f lt a de by t ion fcil e ai he i o m e a tons nm t s ai o bi he c to o t pr r m i or rt c r c t a m ant i dicplne. See O lm v. ondii ns f he og a n de o ontol os s nd i a n s i i i W a ne ki kona,461U. 238,250- ( 983)(( Stt ma c et rquiepr edur f S. 51 1 6 The ae y hoos o e r oc es or r as ot rt n pr e ton a i tde i i n ofs t ntve rght , . . . buti m a ng t t e ons he ha ot c i ga ns prvato ubs a i i s n ki ha c c t St e doe notcr a e an i pe nts t ntve rght' .Furhemor, ai if snot hoi e he at s et nde nde ubsa i i . ' ) t r e Pl ntf ha s fcenty de c i d how hi pa tcpaton i t Common Fa e pr a ha be n de i ed snc ufi i l s rbe s ri i i n he r ogr m s e prv i e her ce ve Comm on Fa e a hasnotbe n t r i t d ors pe d fo t pr a . e i s r nd c e m na e us nde r m he ogr m V. Pl i ifalege t heha be n s r d r duce pori a r t n,s l d, m ol antf l s hat s e e ve e d tons nd ote poie or dy f o ,i ihu t tl r s t i man tiiiman u ih n , ih ls l l po n so e o ds û c li ey e ul n l urto lo rs me t weg t o s of 7 u d v r wh ma s mor t t yeas,dal ftg me a wihdr l srs ,de esi dep i dofcao i e han wo rq iy aiue, ntl t awa, te s pr son, rve lrc i a ( tmi ,pr ei ,ec) l sofme a f us-notme i rlgi dit yne ntke via ns ot ns t.,os ntl oc etng ei ous ear eds s b e tn t m t h r a d ij r -p ysc lya dp y h l gc l 'aln voain o t Eih h u j cig he o am n nu y h ial n s c o o ial ' l i ilto f he g t y, Am c e . iti wel- t bls d t ti t sm us bepr vi d wih nutii ly ade t ndm nt i s lesa ihe ha nma e l t o de t rtonal qua e f ood,pr pa e a s ve unde c to whi do notpr en a i e r d nd er d r ondii ns ch es t n mmedit dange t t ae r o he heat a welbei oft i t whoc ume i. Shr de v.Whie,761F. 975,986( h lh nd l ng he nmaes ons r t' a r ' t 2d 4t Ci.1 .Ale tonsofi de t prs n f s r cemaybes tce t saeacl m f r 985) lgai na quae io ood evi uf- int o tt ai or i r i unde j1983i t de i tona is i s ro , ioltdi tnc ofs ldf o elef r f he prvai t sue s eius but s ae nsa es poie ood r oc sonala s tlve pr e swih f s vie a e i ufii ntt sa eacogni bl cli ca i nd hor-i d oblm t ood er c r ns fe e o t t za e a m unde t Ei h Am e r he ght ndm e . Se e. ,Ha m v.DeKal Cnt , 77 F. 1 nt es c. m b y. 4 2d 567,1 ( t Ci. 575 11h r 1 8 )(k- f c t a t ef o o c so al c n ansf r ino j cso s mei si s r e c l, 9 5 'l a t h t h o d c a in l o ti o eg b e t r o t -he y me s ev d od w hie unpl s nt doe notam ountt a cons iutonalde i to .' ; l ea a , s o tt i prva i n ' Bedel Angeo No. l l v. lne, 2: c 0,2003 U . D i t LEX I 27755, t*42, 2003W L 24054709, t*1 ( D. Oc. 01 v7S S. s . S a a 4 E. Va. t 3, 2003)( di t tbengs r dr tnf i unpl snta unf t t butdoe no saea hol ng ha i eve ote ood s eaa nd orunae s t tt cai whennos rousdeprvai oc ured) W hiet Ei t Ame me pr e t prs r lm ei i ton c r . l he ghh nd nt otc s iones fom c ue a unus llvi c r r l nd ua i ng ondii ns a i a e i note il d t r i fbe us he hasbe n to , n nm t s ntte o ele ca e e expos t uncom f abl r ti i , ori onve e c tonsofco i m e . Se He r o ed o ort e, esr ctve nc ni nt ondii nfne nt e nde s n v.Viai a,2007U. DitLEXI 7 r ni S. s. S 0207,a * 2007W L 2781 22,a *7( . Va.Se .21 t 26, 7 t W D. pt , 2007)( ad,J)( publs .Rahe,igl t e entt ts hcondii aer titveo Conr . un ihed) t r tto he xt ha uc tons r esrci r e n ha s t y a epa toft pe ly t tc i na o f nde spa f t i ofe e a ns ve r h, he r r he na t ha rmi l fe r y or her f ns s gai t s it ' Rhodesv. ocey. ' Chanma 452U. 337,347( 981. n, S. 1 ) V 1. Pl ntf' c ai ifs ompl nt a ai s boutComm on Fa ea ROSP i vediplyi a i ntfc ton r t nvol s a ng n de ii a i c r unt a ne w o ke s i a t r 't a ,c ,a lds a t c ton oft f he ha a d, r i d r r , d nia y' r ys ups nd i , nd he ondii uns he ood s r e ve i l ng r t n fuisorvegea e ,mol br a and i qua epori ,a la lge y ec i d, ncudi ote r t t bls dy e d, nade t tons l le dl i vi ai ofVDOC polcis, n ol ton i e RLUI a t Fis Am e e ' Fr e Exe cieCl us PA, nd he r t ndm nts e r s a e. Ac r ng t t ROSP Food Se vi eM a co di o he r c nage ,a lkic n sa fa eta ne a utComm on Far , r l t he t f r r i d bo e fuisa vegeabl ar t oughl s r bbed,s l f r t nd t es e hor y cu poied oodsa edica de f i wei d a r s r d, ood s ghe nd s v d w ih pr m e ur d l dl t e lr ade t por i ,Com m on Fa e tays a e pl c i a er e t e as e a es o ns ze qua e tons r r r a ed n s tz dihwas rbef eot rta a ie sus d on t ot rme ,and f tm pe a ur s aniied s he or he r ys nd t m e he he nus ood e r t e a t Com mon Fa ef pr pa a i a eaa e monior nd he r ood e r ton r r t ed. RLU I provi t : PA des hat No gove nme s l i r nt ha l mpos a s t ntalbur n o t r i o e r i eofa e ubsa i de n he elgi us xe c s pe s r i ng i orc i d t a i tt i ... e st gove nm e r on esdi n onfne o n nsiuton unl s he r nt de onsr t t tt i poston oft bur on t tpe s i .., ( )i m ta es ha he m ii he den ha r on s ln f t rnc ofac urhea e ompelnggover ntli e et a ( i t las r srci li nme a ntr s; nd 2) s he e t e titve m ea off t i t tc peli gove nm e a i e es . ns urherng ha om lng r nt l nt r t 42U. C.j2000c 1a .Pli ifbe r t i ta bur ofs wi as bsa ilbur nonhi S. c- () antf a s he niil den ho ng u tnta de s rlg o se ecs .1 j2 0 c - b) Lo ea ev. e 47 F.d 1 4,1 5 8 (t Ci. 0 6 .ç eii u x r ie d. 0 0 c2( ; v lc Le , 2 3 7 8 - 7 4 h r 2 0 ) çAj g s t ntalbur on r lgi e r i e oc ur w he a s a e o l algove n e . . . puts ubs a i den e i ous xe c s c s n t t r oc r m nt g) s t i lpr s ur on t a e t modiy hi r lgi be ora sg tca l vi a ehi ubsanta e s e he dher nt o f s ei ous havi nd i nii nty olt s belef ''4 I a l87(nt na q ttonmaksomit .A bur nt ti meey a is d t i er l uoai r ted) de ha s rl n . . S nconve e e on r lgi e r i e' i notûs t nta . s K o kov v. Or nce Cnt .Fl .41 i i ni nc e i ous xe c s ' s cubs a i l' ' ni a v. a, 0 F.d 1 7, 3 ( 1h Ci. 0 5 .RLUI a t FrtAme d n aen titn e t r me y 3 31 1 23 1 t r 2 0 ) PA nd he is n me t r o ne d d o e d neglge vi a i nso i aes r i o pr c ies Love a e, F. a 1 i nt olto f nm t ' elgi us a tc . l c 472 3d t 94. Viwi diput d ma e ile denc i t lghtm os f vor bl t Pl ntf,1fnd t t e ng s e t ra vi , n he i e t a a e o ai if i ha d fnd n saee tte t q aiidi nt a d s mmayj g n .Pli tf h sn t d q aey ee a t r nild o u lfe mmu iy n u r ud me t anif a o a e u tl s tnta edhi c am t tdipl yi a i ntfcai c r orCo m o Fa ef qua iy, ubsa it s l i ha s a ng n de ii ton a d m n r ood ntt qualt pr pa a i orha i a ROSP duet ade enda ' a orom ison putts t i iy, e r ton, ndlng t o f nts ct si subsantal pr s ur ' hi t m odiy hi be vi and t vi a ehi belef . Se e. ,Loveac 472 F. a e s e'on m o f s ha or o olt s i s e. g. l e, 3d t 1 Ta be tv.J ,7: c 00450 2007U . Dit LEXI 8 62, *19 2007 W L 333931 a 87; l r abe 07- v, S. s . S 29 at , 4, t * 6( . Va. 5- W D. Nov.8,2007)( ad,J (ec zngioltdi de sf f sr c t t Conr ) r ognii s ae nci nt or ood evies ha a lge y vi ae a i a e' r lgi be i si c ea lc ofi e on t pa tofde e nt a le dl ol t n nm t s ei ous lef ndiat a k nt nt he r f nda s nd t ti e i a in mus beetbls d) Acoolav. l Ci lAdi No. 01c 01 ha ntntonal cto t sa ihe ; l Anaeone, vi on 7: -v- 008, 2006U. DitLEXI 62574,a *31n.3,2006W L 25 S. s. S t l 48207,a *8- n.3( . Va. pt 1 t 9 1 W D. Se . , 2006)( k,J (eeci badase tont tVDOC' prctceofs nii ngf taysdi n0t Tur ) rj tng l s ri ha S ai a tzi ood r d rmovea1 f tac l Fr i v.Fecus Ci lAci N0.0 51 2006U. Dit LEXI e l ood r es; azer r on, vi ton 4- 40, S. s. S 4l an i a eesa ihesas bsa ilb de on hsr i ouse r ie adefnda m us s f nm t t bls u tnta ur n i elgi xe cs , e nt t how t tt polc i ha he iy s t las r titvemea off t rng acompeli gove n he e t esrci ns urhe i lng r mentli e es.1 a 1 A cour s dlnotr ad a ntr t d. t 89. t houl l e RLU I t ee ea om m oda i ofr i ousobsr ncesove ani tt i sne t mai anor ra s ey' PA o lvat cc ton elgi e va r nsiuton' ed o nti de nd aft ' a w ili t d a y RLUI Gi anappr prael baa d wa ' Cute v.W iki on,544 U. 709,71l 722 nd l nsea ppl PA tn o it y lnce y. ' tr l ns S. , ( 0 ) Th c r mu t ied edeee c t c mpel gsaeitrsss c a û o dod rsc rt a ddicpl e 20 5 . e out s gv u frn e o o li tt neet u h s i o re, c uiy n s i i , n g n co itntwihconsde ai ofc t a lm iedr s ce ' I a 723. nsse t i r ton oss nd i t e our s, d. t ' 5Pli ifsbur nt saeafe e r s cli unde t Fis Am endm e i a o ust t bur unde antf' de o tt r e-xecie am r he rt nt s nalgo o he den r RLUIA.Lo ea e 4 2F.da 1 89 , 8 Hen nd zv Co r 4 0U.. 8 , 9 (9 9 .Co ta' t telv l P v lc , 7 3 t 9 -9 n.; ra e . mm', 9 S 6 0 6 9 1 8 ) nrl o h e e y ofs r tny unde R LUI a i ae' fe exe cs rg sunde t Fis Am e c ui r PA, n nm t s r e- r ie iht r he rt ndmentm ayber srce t t e en e titd o he xt t ta p io p iyi ûe s n bya a tdt a hivn algtmaep n lgc l betv . Lo ea e 47 F.da 2 0 h t rs n ol s ç ao a l d pe o c e ig e ii t e oo ia o jcie' v lc , 2 3 t 0 . c r ' Thus t Fis Am e e ,whih adopt a l s srngents a d ofr vi , afor ls pr eci t a i ae' , he r t ndm nt c s e s ti t ndar e ew f ds e s ot ton o n nm t s r i ous e r s t doesRLU I :r s bl ne i t d ofsrcts r i . l lafor Pli ift be s of elgi xe cie han PA ea ona e ss nsea t i c utny d. f d antf he nett RLU I ' m or rgo ouss utny,a t t extntPli ifscl m sfi un rRLUI , t y alo f lunde t Fis PA S e i r cr i nd o he e antf' ai al de PA he s ai r he rt A m e en . ndm t 10 1 51 a *9- 0,2006W L 2052421, *4( . Ar J 28, )(i ngnos tntal 01 3, t 1 at W D. k. une 2006 fndi ubsa i bur n underRLUI f a i a c r t d Se n h- y Adve itwho ha t dica d s ef de PA or n nc r e a e ve t da nts d o s r om ood fom vegeai ditt twasa oddswihhi r i ousve ndit;Krthma v. r Ci l r tran e ha t t s elgi ga e) ee r Bead, vi Aci No. 61 2006U. Dit LEXI 49530,a *1 1 2006W L 2038687,a *5( D. ton 05- 08, S. s. S t 6- 8, t E. Pa. J y 18, ul 2006)(i ngnoRLUI orFis Ame fndi PA rt ndme vi aton f i ewhOrcevedKos r nt ol i or nmat e i he ditt twasnutii alys fcentalhoug fod wasrpeii a c d)gf' 241F. x e ha rton l ufii t h o e ttous nd ol , fd, App' 8 ( r Ci. 00 ) Pli ifas fist s o t a tef o i mshed e n twa to e t 63 3 d r 2 7 . antf lo al o h w h t h o d t e os o nt a c omprs as t nta pori oft nutint a c l resi t Com mon Fa e f her ceves ie ubsa i l ton he re s nd a o i n he r ood e i . Asi i atd i hi r pons ,Pl ntf pr f r t r ceve fe ,s e ie artghts l d mea ta of nd c e n s es es ai if e e s o e i r e trl , i-i ea e l r ys f r - r h f pr par d i a s erl e r e a i m edi t l ha delve ed f o t kic n a m f es ood e e n t ie nvionm nt nd m a e y nd i r r m he t he by pr e sona watt fwhoa etaned i l lm i bei f , veno t he a s f et has of s i l isaf r r i n sa c le s ha t ouc d urac hat eve bee nea a por r a e pr r n r k- el t d oduc ora (c m i al' and ç e i d m edi alcl a a e' t delver t s he c ,' k ce ve r c e r nc ' o i fod Ho ve , i p ro l r fr n e a o ttefodo isp e rto b s do e ne zeo o . we r h s e s na p eee c s b u h o r t rpaai n a e n o jdl r r notba e on a s nce e r i ousc sd i r elgi onvi ton do notw a r ntr i ,a prs c nnotbur n s h ci r a elef nd i ons a de uc pe s lpr e enc whe f c w ih r land i e a e l si al budge a y,a s curt r ona ef r es n a ed t ea mm dit ogitc , t r nd e iy c i r tons Furhe m o e t ne i ntpr pa a i ors r c ofComm o Far a s d no onsde a i . t r r , he glge e r ton e vie n e l o oes t e t bls a vi a i n ofRLU I ort Fi s A m e sa ih ol to PA he r t ndm e . The unc r r e r co d r fec st t nt ont ove t d e r e l t ha Comm on Fa e s t ntal a omm oda e Pl i ifsr lgi dit r ne dsasa ad r ntof r ubs a i ly cc t s antf ei ous e a y e n he e NOI a whiePl i ifa s rst thef l hungr a s e i l eswe g eai o y t , nd l antf s e t ha ees y nd om tmes os i ht tng nl he por i ofC o m o Fa e t tm e thi pr f r nce , Pl ntf doesnotal gea r s tng me c tons m n r ha e s e e e s ai if le ny e uli dial c nzt tw a r nt team e .Cgl once ha r a ed r t nt 'lndde a efe ofgo m men pr r m s whi h m a ma nt l f ds ve t og a , e y ke i m or di fc tt pr ctc ce t n r i onsbutwhi h ha no t nc t c c i vi l i o t e f i ul o a i e rai elgi c ve ende y o oer e ndi dua s nt a tng contar t t i r i ousbelef,' nota wayscompelt gove nm e t b i f wa d a ci r y o he r elgi i s'do l he r nt o rng or r c ompelngj tfc ton frisot r s l ula i 6 Lyngv. .ndinCe tr Pr tci li usiiai o t hewie awf ctons. Nw l a meey oe tve As ' 485U. 439,450( 988) s Shebe tv.Ver r 374U. 398,41 ( 963)(Tort Fre sn, S. 1 ; ee r r ne, S. 21 ; he e Exe cie Cl e i wrte i tr ofwha t gove nm e c nnotdot t i vi ,noti r s aus s it n n e ms t he r nt a o he ndi dual n tr o wh t h idviu l a e a fo t eg ven n .)( u ls J, o u rng . ems f a t e n i d a c n x d r m h o r me t' Do g a , .c nc ri ) ' M or over a c ai t tpr s of i al ha notf l w ed t i own i pe ntpolci s or e , l m ha i on fci s ve olo he r nde nde ie pr dur doesno s a e a c tt i lc a m . Se e. ,Unied St t s v.Ca er ,440 U . 741 oce es t t t ons iutona l i e. g. t ae c es S. , 752- ( 978 ;Ri i v.Cnt ofFara 9 F. 1 9,1 ( hCi.1 .Ac di y, 55 1 ) cco y. ifx, 07 2d 45 469 4t r 990) cor ngl deenda saeenttedt qualte i f nt r il o ii d mmuniya s t nd ummayj r udgme . nt VIl. Fo<t f e ngras , enda s moi f rs he or goi e ons def nt' ton o ummayj r udgme i grntd. nt s a e ENTER: i I Ths G d yo S pe r2 4 a f e tmbe, 01 . Se ' U nle St t s D it i tJ or t d a e s r c udge 6las concudet tt rcor s lo l ha he e d upporsafndi t tt CommonFa epr am asc rnty ope aedf t s t i ng ha he r ogr ure l r t urher co peli saei eessby t l tr titvem ea . SeeLyng,s a,Common Fa er gultonsr fec t t m lng tt ntr t he eas esrc i ns unr r e a i e l t ha VDOC and ROSP admi sr or haveunde tkens tntalt f tt d i and i e ntasngl c ntaied nitat s ra ubsa i for o esgn mplme i e e r lz , pr a t i ce tfedby expe t i r lgi a nutiin t a commodaePl ntf sdit r belef a nutiina ogr m hat s rii rs n ei on nd rto o c t ai if e a y i s nd rto l ne . Ifnd i s fevi t tt c ntaiedme a pr ed e f t rl tmaea neur VDOC i e t t as eds i t el- dent ha he e r lz nu nd oc ur s urhe egii t nd tal ntr ss ac tefi ent unior m a os- fci , f m nnerbywhiht a om m odaei aes varousr lgi dit y belef a nu c o cc t nm t ' i ei ous eal i s t V DOC f ciii s See a lte . m er ous . g a 45 ( fowe e mu h we i- t 2 tl v r c mi h wih t a i we eoh r s , gove n entsmpl c dnot . s ç g t s h t t r t e wie rm i y oul oper ei i w eer quie t s tsy e y cii n' r lgi ne a desr s' s e - lo Co e n v J b , . : 1 at f t r e r d o aif vel tze s ei ous eds nd ie . '' - as lma . a e No 7 l l se c 0051 201 U . Dit LEX I 11 vS 4551 a * 1 1 201 W L 408 2, 3 476 a * 5( D. . g 1 & 01 ) , t 6, 4- 5, ( i 8, 3 S. s. W l t 2, W. Va Au . 3 2 3 s n J (e o n zn t a t ee ey imae sr l o sd ma t c a get eCo nFaep o rm c n o b o , ) r c g i ig h t h v r n t ' ei u e nd o h n h mmo r r g a a n t e gi a c mmod t d . co ae ) 12
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