Scales v. Markham et al, No. 7:2013cv00597 - Document 45 (W.D. Va. 2014)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 9/29/2014. (lab)

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CLERK' OFFI U, DI X URT S CE S. ST, ATRA OKE, VA FIED L I TH E UN I N TED STA TES D I I COU RT STR CT FOR THE W ESTERN D I STRI OF VI I I CT RG N A ROAN OK E D I I ON V SI sEF 2 S 2 1 09 N JULW . B . L EX EP E K ON EA L SCA LES, Ci lActon N o.7: vi i 13CV 00597 Pl i if a ntf , M EM O M N D U M O PI I N N O B YRON TM V I M A RK HA M ,etal, S . 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A l t e de e an st n m o t di m i s Sc l s cl i sunde s a e l w si ' s c i ur l hr e f nd t he ved o s s a e ' a m r tt a on t ba i t tt y a e ba r d by t go r ng s a u e oflm ia i . S c fc l t he s s ha he r r e he ve ni t t t i t tons pe ii aly, he de e nt a gued t tt s c a m sa e ba e upon t co ii nsof Sc l s'c i m e a t f nda s r ha he e l i r s d he nd to a e onfne nt t he Roa nokeCiyJ i;t tVigi aCo j8. - 2prs rbesaone- a saut oflmiai f t al ha r ni de 01243. e ci ye r tt e i ttons or c a m sr l tng t c l i e a i o ondii nsofc i m e ;a t tt one- a pe i e r d be or t to onfne nt nd ha he ye r r od xpi e f e he i tnta tonwa fl I r pons ,Sc l a gue t tj8. - 2i nota ia et hi nsa ci s ied. n es e aes r d ha 01243. s pplc bl o s cai sunde sael w, ca et ydo notr lt t hi co to ofco i men , ndbec us he lm r t t a be us he e ae o s ndii ns nfne t a a e wasnol nge co i d a t tm et aci wa fl d. Theltera gum e wass o r nfne t he i he ton s ie at r nt uppore by t s td hi c tsde son i J ks v. e c r No.7: our' cii n ac on Flt he , 09CV0 0408, 1U. Dit LEXI 45 a *29 201 S. s. S 77, t ( . Va. a 1 2011 ,nwhiht c t dt t'hepl ntf' sausa t tmehefl s t W D. J n. 8, ) i c he our hel ha ç ai ifs tt t he i t ies ui . . . deemi whehe g 8. - 2)a i . tr nes t r j 01243. pples' ' The c 'he d a he r ng on t de e n s m otonson A p i 28 201 On A prl 1 oul l t ai he f nda t ' i r l , 4. i 7, 201 el ve daysbe or t he rng, he Supr m e Co tofV igi a i s an opi on i Luc v. 4, e n f e he a i t e ur r ni s ued ni n as W oody,756S. 2d447( 201 , I Luc ,t SuprmeCour ofVigi aco ie e f t E. Va. 4) n as he e t r ni nsd r d or he frttmed t rapl ntf whobrngsape s lij ya tonr ai t t c tonsofhe is i s he ai if whe i rona nur ci eltng o he ondii r c i m e i asa eorl a c r e tona f iiy mus be i a ce a e a t tmehe c us of onfne nt n tt oc l o r ci l aclt t nc r r t d t he i ra e aci i fl i or rf t saut oflmiai i Codej8. - 2t bea ia et t t ton s ied n de or he tt e i ttons n 01243. o pplc bl o ha a ton.' l a 447 48. l a f t t e dec s on,t Supr m e Cour ofV igi a a w e e t s c i ' d. t n our o hr e i i he e t r ni ns r d hi que ton i t ne i . s i n he gatve. W er et tt saut oflmiai pr vii i Codej8. - 2a i t al ul ha he tt e i ttons o son n 01243. pples o 1 pe s ronala tonsr l tng t t c to ofa i vi lsco i m e c i e ai o he ondii ns n ndi dua ' nfne nt r ga dl s ofwhehe t pli ifi sili a c r t d whe s h a ton i fl d. e r es t r he antf s tl nc r e a e n uc c i s ie I a 451. d. t Folow i t A pr l28,201 m o i nshe r ng, he pa te s it d s em e a bref l ng he i 4 to ai t r i s ubm te uppl nt l i s ont is ofwhe he Luc s dbea id i t i t nta ton, c wasfl dbef eLuc he s ue t r as houl pple n he nsa c i whi h ie or as wasde ded. l hi s e e albre s Sc l sr que t d t tt c tposponeisde son on ci n s upplm nt if , a e e se ha he our t t cii t def nda s m o i pe ng a r i on a pe ii f r a i i Luca . Tha pe ii ha he e nt ' tons ndi ulng tton or ehe r ng n s t tton s sncebe n de ed. Thedefnda t m oto a e now rpe f rr viw . i e ni e n s' i ns r i o e e St andar o R e e d f vi w Rul 1 b)6)oft Fe a Rul ofCi lPr edu epe t apa t t movef dimis e 2( ( he derl es vi oc r nnis ry o or s sal ofa com pl ntf r f l e t s a e a cl i u n w hi h r i fca be gr nt d. To s vi di m i s ai o aiur o t t a m po c ele n a e ur ve s s al unde t s r e,ç c pl ntm us con a n s fci ntf t m a t r a c pt ast ue t it t a r hi ul $ om ai a t t i uf i e ac ual te , c e ed r , o s a e cli t r ift ti plusbl onisfce'' As r h v.gba,556U. 662, ( am o ele ha s a i e t a .' hc o l l S. 678 2009)( i quotng BelAt.Com. Two v,550U. 5 5 ( l l v. mbl S. 44, 70 2007). W he r i onamotont dimisf ) n ulng i o s s or f iur t sae ac am , heeo t us a e astuealwelpl a al tonsa d a a1 al e o tt li t ur m t cc pt r 1 l- e ded legai nd r w 1 r as e onabl f t i e e esi t pl ntf ' f vor V iol S. . Prm e os Shi nc Co. 708 e ac ual nf r nc n he ai if s a . t s A v. i r e ppi , F. 527,539( hCi. 3 . Theco tma co i rkheco ai , xhi t atc dt t 3d 4t r 201 ) ur y nsde û t mpl nte bis ta he o he lt e i y. c ant matr ofpublcrco d,a j cilynoe fcs' Bartet v.Fr derck Cnt ,246 ompli , te s i e r nd udi al td a t.' F. x201 205( h Ci.2007) App' , 4t r . l t o g amoinp ru n t Rue1 ( )6 ivtsa iq iyit t lg l u ûce c l huh Al t u s a t o l 2 b () n ie n n ur no he e a s f in y o oft c he ompli ,no a anayssofpotnta d e e t t cai s tf t t r i dim is l ant t n l i e il ef ns s o he l ms e orh he e n, s s a neve t e s i a opra e w he t f c oft c pl i c e r y r vea st e s e e ofa rhel s s ppr i t n he a e he om a nt l a l e l he xi t nc meio i dee e. Br v. t ofW i t saem,85F. 1 1 ( hCi.1 ) One rtrous fns ' ooks Ciy ' nson- l 3d 78, 81 4t r 996 . s h de ens i t tt gove ni s a ut oflm iatons ha r m on a cl i f r le . I ;s a s uc f e s ha he r ng t t e i t i st a m or e i f d. ee l o Unie Sttsv.Ki nc, 1 F. 782,789(t Ci.201 )(( saut oflmiainsi a td ae va 7 4 3d 4h r 3 ( tt e i tto s n The a fr t ed fns t t yb rie i aRu e1 ()6 moint dimisfrfi r t saea fimai ee e ha ma e as d n l 2b () to o s s o al e o tt v u cli1.) k1z' t ' Di scussi on The de e f ndant a s r t tSc l s cl i sunde s a e 1 w a e ba r d by t one- a s a ut s s e t ha a e ' a m r t t a r re he ye r t t e 1 oflmiai stf t i Vigi aCodej8. 243. Tha saut whihha notbe na nde i ttons e orh n r ni 01- 2. t tt e, c s e me d snc 1 i e 999,pr desasf l : ovi olows N o pe s c r on onine i a s a e o l a c r ctona f iiy s l brng orha d n t t r oc l or e i l ac lt ha l i ve br ughton hi be fa pe s na ac i r a i t t condii ofhi o s hal ny r o l ton el tng o he tons s confne e untla1 a l e ad i sr tve r m e esa e e us e Suc i m nt i l vaiabl m ni ta i e di r xha t d. h ac i s l be br ton ha l oughtby o on be fo s h pe s wihi o yea afe c us of r hal f uc r on t n ne r t r a e aci n ac r esorwihi sxm on hsa tra1 a nita i r m e e a ee use to c u t n i t fe 1 dmi sr tve e dis r xha t d, w hi ve occ s l t r che r ur a e . Va. Codej8. -43. Tor ol t is riedbyt dee nt,t c tmus dee mi 012 2. es ve he sue as he fnda s he our t tr ne whehe t si tlq h a ton...br htby...s hpe s ' I t r hi s ssuc ci oug uc ron. d. ' The tsuc Acton' R e r e 4 h i ' qui em nt Thefrtrquie ntt tmus bes tsidi o de f j8. - 2t a yt aplitf s is e r me ha t aife n r r or 01243. o ppl o anif a to i t a (su ha to 'mu tb ai e s n l cinrlt t tec ndto sof s ci n s h td j c cin' s e s ro a a to eai o h o i n hi l p ng i contne nt' 1 ; e as Bi v. ywood, S. 2d244, ( 201 )(iz t one- r i me . d.s e lo ng Ha ' 722 E. 246 Va. 2 tlor he yea lThede endant c det tSc e cl msunderf all ar gover d by t l f s once ha als' ai eder aw e ne he ongert ye wo- ar saueo l tto sst o t i Vigi aCo ej8012 ( , n t th s camsweetmeyfld. Se . . , ttt f i ain e f rh n r ni d . -43A)a d ha to e li mi r i l i e e eM. Le sv. ç mo Ci PoieDe t9 7F.d7 3, 5(t Ci.1 91 . wj Rih nd t lc p', 4 2 3 73 4h r 9 ) y pr son .. t a y,...he c us ofa ton mus r a et pl i ifsçondii of ovii . o ppl t a e ci t elt o antf' c tons c i me .' ( i Va.Codej8. -43.) onfne nt'' quotng ) 012 2 . I t sc e, c ofSc e 'sa et ta c tt i nalcai i ba e onaphysc a tc n hi as ea h als tt or nd onsiuto l ms s s d ial ta k t tt pl i ifa lge y s f r d a t ha oft de e nt whiehewa i r e a e a t ha he antf le dl ufe e t he nds he f nda s l s nca c r t d t he Roa noke Ciy J l Cons s e w ih e s i c e l w , he c tc l st tt s c ai sr l t t ai. i t nt t xitng as a t our onc ude ha he e l m e a e t Sc ls c n iin o c n ie n a tej i a d,h s stsytet suc a to 'r q rme t o ae ' o dto s f o fn me t t h al n tu , aif h t l h cin'e uie n . g SeeBil v.Ca tr 604S. 2d41 41 41 ( .2004)( di t ta i t scai f lups re , E. 4, 6, 9 Va hol ng ha n nmae' l ms or a s ulandbatr weeg r dbyj8. - 2wheet i t alege t taprs sa t tey r ovene 01243. r he nmae l d ha ion e oye f c dhe t e mpl e or e r o ngagei s xua a tl s ealoGa e ihv. ohns n, n e l cs; e s ma hlc J o No. 7:2CV00263,201 U. DitLEXI 201 a *1 1 ( . Va. b.1 201 ( di t ta 1 3 S. s. S 47, t 5- 7 W D. Fe 4, 3) hol ng ha prtildeane ssaet t amsweegovenedby j8. - 2wheet deane alge t t era ti e' tt or cli r r 01243. r he ti e le d ha hewa be tnbyt dee ntde is;Harsv.Co s ae he fnda putel ri mmonwe lh, 3: at No. 07CV701 2008U. , S. Dit LEXI 33834,a *15( D. .Apr 24, )( di t tj8. - 2 g r da s. S t E. Va . 2008 hol ng ha 01243. ovene n i t ssa et tca mswhe et pli ifa lge t tc r to lofi e spus d hi down a nma e' t t or li r he antf le d ha oreci na fc r he m sar l a i oawal. tiwel nd nt l) I I. The dsuch Person' R equi ent s ' rem Att tmet pa te i talbre swe efl d, heSs h per o 'r quie tof he i he ris' nii if r ie t iuc s n' e r men j8. - 2wast s ceofgrae c eni W hiet dee nsmanti dt tt tr 01243. he our e tr ont ton. l he fnda t i ane ha he em r f r t a per o w ho brngsa pe s la ton r l tng t t c t o ofhi c i e , e e s o ny s n i r ona c i e a i o he ondii ns s onfnem nt Sc esas e t t tt t r r e st a pe s who i s ilco i d i a s a e o l a c r c i al s red ha he e m ef r o r on s tl nf ne n t t r oc l or e tonal f c lt Si e Sca esw a no l rc i d a t tm e t sac i n w asf l d,Sc l s a gue t t a iiy. nc l s onge onfne t he i hi to ie a e r d ha j8. 1243. i i pplc bl t hi cli unde sael 0 - 2 s na ia e o s ams r tt aw. Afe t pa tes i tasbre swe efld, hi d s ewasr ol byt Supr me Co t tr he ri ' niil if r ie t s iput es ved he e ur ofVigi a' f t t e de soni Luc sv.W ood 756S. 2d447( 201 . l Luc ,he r ni s our o hr e cii n a v, E. Va. 4) n as t pl ntf a g d,a Sc esdi he e,ha ihea i biiy oft saut oflm ia i nsi de nde ai if r ue s al d r t t i pplca lt t he t t e i tto s pe nt upon whet r a pl i ifi c i d a t tm e he ors brngsan a ton r l tng t c tons of he a ntf s onfne t he i he i c i e a i o ondii c i me .' Luca ,756 S. 2da 450. W hiet Supr meCour ofVigi a r c ze i onfne nt' s E. t l he e t r ni e ogni d, n temao i o i ina t r db J tc Go d n,ha teplitf' itr r tto c ul b h j rt p no uho e y usie o wy t t h an ifs nep eain o d e y s ppore by t lngua oft saut ,t Cour uli ael he dt ts h an i er ea i u td he a ge he t t e he t tm t y l ha uc nt pr tton w oul r ul i S d es t n i anom al ' a i za r ' r s t : ous' nd d r e ' e uls bi H a ng t a i a lt ofa s a ut oflm ia i c ngeba e upon t vi he pplc biiy t t e i t tons ha sd he c i me sa usoft pl ntf a t tme alws ti fld, a he t n t onfne nt t t he ai if t he i a ui s ie r t r ha he pa tc a c us ofa to a s re a t pli ifssa usa t tm et a ton riulr a e c in s e td nd he a ntf t t t he i he c i a r edwoul bea aous I woul r s ti t dif r nta s fi sa uts cc u d nom l . t d e ul n wo fe e nd hitng tt e oflm ia i f t s m e c us ofa ton r l tng t a pl i ifsco tonsof i t tons or he a a e c i e ai o a ntf ndii c i m e . I w o d c ea e unce t i t c er ng w he t s a ut of onfne nt t ul r t ra n y onc ni n he t t e lm ia i f rper onala tonsr l tng t confne en ha r be us a cl i i t tons o s ci ea i o i m t s un ca e a m b re byt esaueo lmi to si Co ej8012 32c udb rvie b a ard h tt t f i t in n d . - 4 . o l e e v d y a e hange i a pl i t f sc i m e s a us a a r uli c ng i t a i a e n a n if onf ne nt t t nd es tng ha e n he pplc bl s a ut oflm ia i . Rea ng t sat e a Luc s t t e i t tons di he t ut s as ugge t ,s h t tt s s uc ha he a ia lt ofCodej8. - 2i de nde u t pli ifscontne nt pplc biiy 01243, s pe nt pon he antf i me s a usa t tm e s ti fl d, oul p od ebi a r r s t . Fo i t nc , tw o d t t t he i ui s ie w d r uc z r e e uls r ns a e i ul a l ac us ofa ton ot r s ba r d b t sa u eoflm ia i t ber vi d low a e c i he wie re y he t t t i t tons o e ve upon t i viua ' r l a efom i a c r i andt n,pe ha ,t be he ndi d l e e s r nc r e aton, s he r ps o e i s d o e a n i t i vi li r i r e a e bef e flng s t The xtngui he nc gai f he ndi dua s e nca c r t d or ii ui. pur eofasa u eoflmia i i t pr depa te a potntalpa te pos ttt i t tons s o ovi ris nd e i ris c rant wihr r t whe aca eofaci i e i s d;hei t r e a i of e ti y t ega d o n us ton s xtnguihe t n e pr t ton Codej8. 243. ur dbyLuc swoul dot o ie. 01- 2 ge a d he ppost J TheSupr Cour ofVigni as e . . I L . eme t r i a lo mphaie t tt Vigni Ge r Ase yd lal sz d ha he r i a neal s mbl d e ry c i e dt i nt nde o mpos adefne e poi 'f rt c e i d nd- nt' o he ommenc men ofcai sr ltng t c tonsof e t l m ea i o ondii c i m e ,a t tt ewa ino ob ousr tonal whih e a nshow e m ptngi vi uas onfne nt nd ha her s s vi ai e c xpli xe i ndi d l fr t s at e of lm iatons upon rel e f i om hat t ut i t i eas rom ncarcer i w oul f t t i ent' I at aton d urher hat nt .' d. 451. The Suprem e Cour ofVi gi a uli at y r ed t it st ut oflm iatonspr si i t r ni tm el ul hat ihe at e i t i ovi on n 6 Codej8. - 2a i t a1pe s lacinsrltngt t condii ofani viua' 01234. pples o l rona to eai o he tons ndi d ls c i m e r r es ofw he hert pl i ifi s ili a c r t d w he s h a ton i f l ' I onfne nt ega dl s t he a ntf s tl nc r e a e n uc c i s ied. d. ' 1 11. Retroactve Applcaton ofL ucas i i i Be a e Luc w asnotde de untla l t i t nta ton w a fl d,t c t us c us as ci d i fer he ns a c i s ie he our m t de e ne w he he t hol ng i Luc s ul bea i d r t oa tve y s a t ba Sc l 'cl i s t nni t r he di n as ho d pple e r c i l o s o r a es a m unde sa el r tt aw. The de e nt ar uet tt sque to i e sl a we e i t afi ma i f nda s g ha hi si n s a iy ns r d n he tr tve, sn et eSu e Co r o Vigni a p idisitr rtto o j8012 4. t t ep risb f r ic h prme u t f r i a p le t n ep eain f . - 3 2 o h a t eo e e i i Luca . l t r toaci t que to i t sc ei ve adecson oft Unied St t tn s f he er tviy si n n hi as nvol d ii he t aes Supr m e Cour on a r e off r ll , he de e e t ul ede a aw t f ndan sw o d und a y be co r c . I Ha pe v, t ul eni bl re t n r r Vigi aDe rme ofTa ton,5 U. 8 ( 993) t SuprmeCour hel t ttl he (t r ni pa t nt xai 09 S. 6 1 ,he e t d ha kwl n i) a isal eoff de a l w t t pa tesbe or i,t tr ei t c r lng i e pr t ton of pple ' ul e r l a o he ri f e t ha ul s he ontoli ntr ea i f de al1 w and m us be gi n f lr toac i e f c i a lc ess ilope on diec r vi w a a t e r a t ve ' e r tve f e t n 1 as tl n ul r t e e nd s o al v n s r g r ls o wh t e s c e e t p e aeo p taegh Co r') n o n e n o t e 1e e t,e a de s f eh r u h v n s r d t r osd t t e u ts a n u c me t f h r e. Ha pe , U. a 97. Theque ton acua l pr e e i t sc e, ul r r 509 S. t si t ly es nt d n hi as howe r i whe he a ve , s t r de son byt Supr me Cour ofVig ni on am atro sa el i e il d t r toa tveefec . cii he e t ri a te f t t aw s ntte o e r c i f t Toa we t squesi t c tmus def t saelw. Seei a l (e ognii t tsae ns r hi ton,he our t er o tt a d. t 00 rc zng ha tt c t rmanfeedolmit rtoaci o rtonoft i o i eprtto ofsaelw' ours e i r s i t he er tve peai t her wn ntr eains tt a ' ) ( ii Gr a Norher R.Co.v,SunburtOi & Rei ncCo.287U. 358,36 66 (932). ctng e t t n s l tni , S. 4- 1 ) Si eHa erwasde ded,heSu e eCour ofVigi a ha c i d t us C quia e nc p ci t pr m t r ni s ontnue o e t t bl e prncpls' o deer i whe he asa ec tde ii s d bea i r toaci l or i i e 't t m ne t r tt our c son houl ppled er tvey pr peci y. CiyofRihmondv. a oc 440S. 2d598, ( 1 . Thes prncpls os tvel t c Blvl k, E. 599 Va. 994) e iie alow a dec s on t be a i d ( os c i l onl ' f l ii o pple û pe tve y y' i : pr (1 t de sons htt bea idrtoa tveyetbls ane prnci eof ) he cii oug o pple er ci l sa ihed w i pl l eiherby over ulng cl pastpr aw t r i ear ecedenton w hi ltgant m ay have reled or ch ii s i by dec di an i s off r ti pr s i w hos r s ut o w asnotc e r y i ng s ue i s m e son e e ol i n la l f es dowed,( t rtoa tvea iai oft new r l wo df t rr tr or ha 2) he er ci pplc ton he ue ul urhe ead iso rton,a ( s bsa ili quiywoul rs tit new lw wer a id t peai nd 3) u tnta ne t d e ul f he a e pple r r pectvel et os i y. l .2 The s t s ha be n us d by ot rc t t ke wih c i rng whehe t a y a d ame e t s e e he ours as d t onsde i t r o ppl V igi a s a e c t i i r t oa tve y. Se se. ,A1Shi a iv.CA CII '. nc. 933 F. pp. r ni t t our dec s on e r c i l e c. m r nt l I , Su 2 7 3 8 2 ( D. . 01 ) F ed r s Ca n n I . Ma s alNo 2 6 - 6 2 1 9 Va Ap d 9 , 0 E. Va 2 3 ; ilce t n o .nc v. rh l, . 5 7 9 - , 9 7 . p. LEXI 1 ( Ct App. .1 1 ) Foxv. c Pr ds Cor ,34Va Ci. 406( Ci. S 95 Va. . Apr , 997 , . Rih o . p. . r 403, Va. r Ct 1 . Theeor ,heco twila yt ts s tf t i Blvl kt deemi whehe . 994) rf e t ur l ppl he et e orh n a oc o tr ne t r Luc ss ul begi n r toa tvee f t a ho d ve e r c i fec . A. N ew Pri pl ofLaw nci e The fr tf t r qui e t co tt c i rw he herLuc es a i hed a d is ac or e r s he ur o ons de t as t bls t prnci e new i pl ofl w ,' ihe by ove t ni cl rpas pr c n , de di a i s oft r ti e s on t twas a 'et r r ur ng ea t e ede t or ci ng n s ue i s mpr s i ha notc ea l f es dow e Bl oc 440 S. 2d a 599. I i undi put t tt s cii i s l ry or ha d. ayl k, E. t ts s ed ha he pe fc s ue pr e e i Luc s-whehe t saut oflmiainsi j8. - 2a i whe t pli ifi esntd n a t r he tt e i tto n 01243. pples n he antf s no l ri a ce a e a t tm et pl ntf fl sata i r l tngt condii ofco i me onge nc r r t d t he i he ai if ie z cton e ai o tons nfne nt - w a one offr ti pr s on.3 W hie t de e nt a gue t tt hol ng i Luc s wascl a l s i s m es i l he f nda s r ha he di n a e ry f es dow ed by t Supr m e Cou tofVi gi a' e r i rdec s on i Bi v.H a oo 7 or ha he e r r ni s a le i i n ng yw d, 22 S. 2d244( 201 ,t e ti una et agee. E. Va. 2) he our s bl o r 2Thi t ti derve fom t Unied Stt sSupr Cour' decii i Che on Oi Co. v. on, s es s i d r he t a e eme ts son n vr 1 Hus 404 U. 9 (971. WhieteS prmeCo r' s bs q e td cso i Hap r( a ts s ro sd u t' p nt S. 7 1 ) lh u e u ts u e u n e iin n r e d sgq eiu o b 'u o he c contnui ç t iy'oft st ti cas si vi f r I Faif x Cove ntChurh v,Farax Cnt Sch. i ng ç alt ' hi es n e nvol ng ede al aw, ra vi na c if v. Bd.1 F. 7 , 0(t Ci. 9 4 , o rsi Vigni c niu t c nsd r q tbl p icpe i d tr nig , 7 3d 03 71 4 h r 1 9 ) c u t n ri a o tn e o o ie e ui e rn ils n eemi n a whehe adeci on on sae l s d beappledr toaci y. t r si t t aw houl i er tvel 3 Alhough t sis had be dic s d i s alf aldititcoul de sons, i udi t s t hi s ue en s us e n ever eder src ' cii t ncl ng hi c u tsd ciin i J c s nv. ec r No 7:9CV0 40 , lU. Dit LEXI 4 7( . Va J n. 8 ' r' e so n a k o Flthe, . 0 o 0 8 201 S. s. S 57 W D. . a l , 2 1,h s d cso ha nobi igpe e n il au . S eViai aSo ' f rHu nLiev. lwel 1 2 01 )t e e e iins d ndn rc de ta v le e r ni cv o ma f Cad l, 5 F. 2 8 2 0( t Ci.1 9 )( mp a iigta f d r l itit o rsda klj idito t a t o i tv l 3d 6 , 7 4h r 9 8 e h szn h t e ea dsrc c u t t c j urs cin o u h rt iey l a c n tu saelgsains a t tt u harln b afdea dsrc c u ti n tbi i u onsaec u t' o sr e tt e ilto ' nd ha t c uig y e rl itit o r s o ndng p tt o rs' ' s ) (ne n l iaina dq tton ma k o te ) itr a ctto n uoai s r s mitd . 8 I Bi t Sup e Cour ofVigi a wa pr s nt d wih t is ofwhehe sa et r n ng, he r me t r ni s e e e t he s ue t r tt o t camsbrug t ap etild tie wees be t oj8012 . so ey a sau eo li o h by r -ra ean e r u j c t . -4325 n -e r ttt f lmia i . Bi 7 S. 2d a 245i t tons nc, 22 E. t 47. Afe r ii t sa u e,heCour sae asf l : tr ectng he t t t t t tt d olows dFort one- a pr soni Codej8. - 2t a y,t pl ntf mus havebe n tonfne t' he ye r ovii n 01243. o ppl he ai if t e c i d' a t tm et c us ofa ton a c ue a t c eofaci m us r l t t pl i ifsCondii t he i he a e c i c r d, nd he aus ton t e ae o antf c tons ofc i me .' LJa 246(uotngVa. onfne nt'' 1, t q i . Codej8. - 2) Alhoug t pli ifa g t t 01243. . t h he antf r ued ha s w a notCc i 'w ihi t m e ng oft sa ut a t therc a m s di notr l t t he he s k onfned' t n he ani he t t e, nd ha li d e ae o r condii ofconfne ntt Cour dia ee J- Appl ngt Blc sLa Ditonay tons i me ,he t sgr d. #. yi he a k' w ci r defnii oft tr ' onfne't Supr m eCour ofVigi ac l d t tt pr -ra i ton he e m ' i y he c ' e t r ni onc ude ha he e ti l deane wa Stonfne wihi t me ni ofCodej8. - 2'a t the C tt a a ti e s sc i d' t n he a ng 01243. ' nd ha r k aus s s p etil ean eg s i tra t t i d tr n to . I . t2 7. Th Co r as c n l d d r -ra d tie wa ) mmaeil o hs ee miai n' d a 4 ' e u t lo o cu e t t hepr -ra de anee' sa et tca msr l t t t c tonsofhe c i ha t e til t i s tt or li e aed o he ondii r onfneme , i et y nt snc he we eba ed o abody ca t s r ht ts unde we a t r gi lc r tona f clt whe e r s n viy ea c ha he r nt t he e ona orec i l a iiy r s w a de ai d. I Acc di y,t Supr e Cour ofV igi a he d t tt t i lc t d he s t ne d. or ngl he em t r ni l ha he ra our di noter i co udi t tt pr -r a de a ne sc a m swe e ba r by t one- a s a ut o r n ncl ng ha he e ti l t i e' l i r r ed he ye r t t e f lmiai i j8. - 2. 1 i ttons n 01243. d. Th q sinp e e tdt y asltr nLu a , f eh rj8012 32a piswh nt e ueto rs n e wo e r ae i c s o wh t e . - 4 . p le e he pl ntf i no l ng ri a ce a e a t tmet pl ntf brngscai sr lt t he co tonsof ai if s o e nc r r t d t he i he ai if i l m ea ed o r ndii c i m e ,û a notdie ty a e s i Bi ' Luca ,75 S. 2d a 450. N orc n i be s i onfne nt t s w r c l ddr s ed n ng. ' s 6 E. t a t ad t tBi Sce f es we 'hehol ngi Luca . Blvl k,440S. 2da 599(mphass ha ng tlady or hado d't di n s a oc E. t e i a ) dded . Bi a Luc w e e bot de i d by t Supr m e Co tofV igi a' s ve a tve ng nd as r h c de he e ur r ni s e n c i j tc s AlhoughBi wasal ni usie . t ng ma mousdecson,t j tce dvi f urt t e i Luca , ii he usi s i ded o o hre n s 9 wi t emao iyh li t a j8012 3. d p ist al es n la to sr ltn t t e t h j rt odng h t . - 4 2 t pl o l p ro a ci n eaig o h h a e c ondii nsofa i vi ua ' c i m e r ga dl s ofwhe he t pl i t f i s ili a ce a e to n ndi d ls onfne nt e r es t r he a n i f s tl nc r r t d whe s h a i i fld. Luc s 756 S. 2d a 451 Thedis ,a hor d by J tc M ilte, n uc cton s ie ' ' a, E. t . s ent ut e usie le t o i e ta temao i sh li wa c nrr t tep anln ua eo t saue a dt a t e p n d h t h j rt odng s o tay o h li a g g f he ttt , n h t h y' thepli lngua i cl '' saueoflmiai pr soni Codej8. - 2a is t an a ge s em':The ttt i ttons ovii n t 01243. pple onl i t rquie nt aeme :f;suc a i i at s a tonrltngt t c tons y f wo e rme s r t i (j h cton' s peronal ci eai o he ondii o gh panifs c ni e n, a dta p ro a a to i çr ug tb o o b h l o s c f t e litf ) o tn me t' n h t es n l ci n s b o h y r n e af f u h pe s ' i ad ronc i di asaeorl a c rci lf iiy.' I a 452( ilte J. ron,who s pes onfne n tt oc l ore tona aclt '' d. t M let, , dis ntng) Thedis nte se i . s e mpha iedt tisr di oft saut wasbas ont smemehod sz ha t ea ng he tt e ed he a t o sau oyc nsr to p e iu l uiie i Big a dta i 'to d t ra o t t( )Co r f tt tr o tucin r vo sy tlz d n n , n h t tt l o ) o e s n ha t s he u t s o l as e lyt i meh d. .n ( c s. I W hl temao iyrc g z dt a t e h ud lo mp o hs t o . i Lu a l' d. ie h j rt e o nie h t h ' dis ntsi eprttonofj8. - 2 i oul bes se ' ntr eai 01243. i dj uppore byt lng geoft saut,'he cg td he a ua he tt e't maort uli t ydeemi dt tt sitr eai woul fusrt t undel ngi entonsof j iy tmael tr ne ha hi neprtton d r tae he ryi nt i t Ge r lAs e bl a pr he ne a s m y nd oduc i z r e r s t ' 1 a 450- . e k a r e uls. d. t bi ' 51 H a ng c r f l co i r d bot oft Supr m e Cour ofV igi a' m os r c ntde sons vi a e uly nsde e h he e t r ni s t e e ci i o j8.12 32 tec u tsc n n e ta temao iy sh l igi Lu a wa n tce ry n 0 - 4 .,h o r i o vic d h t h j rt ' o dn n c s s o lal f e ha or s dowe byt de son i Bi d he cii n ng. Thi c l i n i s s oncuso s uppore i notco pe ld,byt f c td, f m le he a t t tt di s ntr le on Bi t s ha he s e e i d ng o uppor is c r r i e pr t to oft sa ut A c r ngl t t onta y nt r e a i n he t t e. co di y, t fr tf c orm iia esag ns a yi Luc r t oa tve y. he i s a t lt t ai t ppl ng as e r c i l B. Purposes ofL ucas Att s c he e ond sep oft r toa tviy a l i ,t co tm us e m i t pum os oft t he e r c i t na ys s he ur t xa ne he es he nle es abls i Lucas and whet t woul be f hered by r r tve applcaton. See l t ihed n her hey d urt etoac i i i B l ock,440 S. 2d at599. U nlke t trs f or,t sf orcl l wei i f ayl E. i he i t act hi act ear y ghs n avorofgi ng vi 10 Lu a rto ci ee fc. Ast mao i o ii nma e ce r t p i r p r s so t e c s er a tv fe t he j rt pn o k s la ,he rmay upo e f h y hol ng i Luca we et pr o e unior iy i t te t e ofpe s la tonsr l tng t di n s r o om t f m t n he r a m nt r ona c i ea i o c tonsofc i me ,a t t o depa te a potnta pa te c rant wih r ga d t ondii onfne nt nd o ç vi pr ris nd e il ri s e ti y t e r o whe aca eofa ton i e i s d. Luca ,756 S. 2d a 450. Thec ta e wih t n us c i s xtnguihe ' ' s E. t our gr es t he d fnd n s h t h s p riulrg aswo dbefrh rdb a py n t emao i sitr rtto ee a t t a t e e a t a o l ul u tee y p li g h j rt n ep eai n c y' ofj8. - 2t al sae1w camsrltdt condtonsofc 01243. o l tt a li eae o ii onfne nt rgadls ofwhehe me , e r e s t r t c ai sw e e f l d be or Luca w asde de he l m r ie f e s ci d. The Equi i ofR et tes roactve Applcat on i i i The fna f c o r quiest c tt cons de t eq te ofr r ctve a i a i i l a t r e r he our o i r he uii s etoa i pplc ton. W hie Sca esa g t ti w oul be unf i t a y Luca t hi pr e s i cl i st d s a e l l r ues ha t d a r o ppl s o s e xitng a m m er t t lw ,heco ti unabl t c l t tt swoul r s ti d ubsa ili uiy. Bl oc 440 a t ur s e o oncude ha hi d e ul n ' t nta neq t ' ayl k, s ' S. 2d a 599. Ast def nt e E. t he enda s mphasz i t i s plm e albref,t Supr ie n her up e nt i s he eme Cour of t Vigi adi notwihhol a i ton ofisd ii i Luca t t pli ifsdam i t tc e, r ni d t d pplcai t ecson n s o he antf i n ha as e nt ve hough i i vedan is offrti es i t nvol s ue is mpr son. W hiet sf c ,i a ofis l,i not l hi a t n nd te f s dipostveoft r toa tviy is ,i none he e ss ppo t t c uson t ti woul no be s ii he er c i t s ue t t l s u rs he oncl i ha t d t i quia e t a y t s e r e i t i t ntc e Se Ga m a v.Ca pbe lCn y.Sc D it ne t bl o ppl he am ul n he ns a as . e r n m l t h. s . tona l he es ha he e s No.1 46 F.App' 785,791( 0hCi. 2) Addii ly,t courtnot t tt def ndant , 2 x 1 t r 201 . ha c le d t tm elnes ofSc es s a e 1 w c a m sf om t s a t t i t nta ton, nd ve ha l nge he i i s al ' t t a l i r he t r of he ns a c i a t a t i i n t c s i whe t epan ifwo l b a r pl d p ie ofaj d me ti h sfv r h t hs s o a a e n ih h litf ud e b u ty e rv d u g n n i ao. See e. ,Smihv.CiyofPitburh,76 F. 1 1 ( Ci.1 ( di t ti woul not s c. t t ts c 4 2d 88, 96 3d r 985) hol ng ha t d be i nequiabl t r t oac i l a y a ne de i i by t Unie St t s Supr m e Cour on t t e o e r tve y ppl w c son he t d a e e t he a ia esaut o lmiai ,snc t c s wasS g t tha be n)tido i whiht r pplc bl tt e f i ttons i e he a e ' one ha d e re r n c hee not wasar a ma svedic r ). Thi i as notaca ei whiht pli ifwoul bel twih le dy si s ovey' s s lo s n c he antf d ef t 11 nor dy f t de e nt 'a lge m ic eme or he f nda s le d s onduc . Asnotd a t e bove Sc l s f de a c am s , ae ' e r l li agans t defnda swe etm ey fld, ndt ecli sr m anpe ng. Fi ly, hec ti of i t he e nt r i l ie a hos am e i ndi na l t our s t opi on t ta ha ds p t Sca esi out e ghed by t i e e t ofunior iy a ce t nt he ni ha ny r hi o l s w i he nt r s s f m t nd rai y t a t eLu a mao i d sr dt p o t. h t h c s j rt e ie o r mo e y C oncl i us on l s , he c tc l n um t our onc udest tat ha lhough Luca dec de a i s o fr ti pr s i t t s i d n s ue f is m e s on ha wasnotcea l f es do l ry or ha wed,hebaanc oft f cor s tf t i Blyl k we g i f vorof t l e he a t s e orh n a oc i hs n a r toaci y a yi Luca shol ng i t i t ntca e. Unde Luca , hepli ifssae lw er tvel ppl ng s' di n he nsa s r st antf t t a ca ms e c ofwhih r l t t hi c tonso co i me a t Roa li , a h c e ae o s ondii f nfne nt t he noke Ciy J i,a eba r d t a l r re byt oneye rsaueoflmiai stfrhi Vigi aCo j8. -43. Ac or ngl t he - a ttt i ttons e o t n r ni de 012 2. c di y,he c twilg a t de e nt 'motonst dimist sa e1w c am s our l r nt he f nda s i o s s he t t a l i . The Cl r i di e t t s nd c pi s of t sm e or nd opi on a t ac om pa ng e k s r c ed o e o e hi m a um ni nd he c nyi or t al counselofr d. der o l ecor ENTER: i C# d yo S pe e, 01 . Ths a f e tmb r2 4 Chi fUnie St t D i ti tJ e t d a es sr c udge 12

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