Hahn v. C/O Michaels, No. 7:2013cv00592 - Document 34 (W.D. Va. 2014)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Jackson L. Kiser on 07/23/2014. (kab)
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Š- - u..oj x uv s sx A T- N FI I T EU IE SA E DSRC C U T N H NTD T TS IT IT O R FOR THE W ESTERN DI STRI OF VI NI CT RGI A R O AN O K E DI I O N V SI U V A J r32jkcj J . DL ny: EP A R I C H R I O PH ER H AH N , N ST Pl nt f , ai i f . E C i lA c i N o.7: 3- vvi ton 1 c 00592 M EM OM NDUM OPI ON NI C/ M I AEL, O CH De e f ndant . By: H on.Jacl on L.K i er ts s Se orU nied St e D i t i tJudge ni t at s s r c Pl i ifArn Chrso rHa aVigni i t pr ee ng pr K , ie ave ii d cvi antf i it phe hn, r i a nma e oc di o fld rfe i l rgh sCompli pt s ntt 42U. C.j 1 3.Pl ntf nnmedt Norhwes Regi lAdul it ant l ua o r S. 98 ai if he t t ona t Dee to Ce tr(7a1)a dJ i Co rcin Of e (& O' Be j mi Mih e a d fn ns tn in n e ( i' n al re to s fc r ç ' na n c a l s ee da t, ' C/ ) a dp e e tyb f r mei C/ M ih e' mo inf rsl r u g n ,owhc Plitf n r sn l e o e s O c a ls to o l mma yj d me t t ih an if r s o d d. Afe r ve n ter c r , g a tC/ M ih e' mo inf rsl r j d me t e p n e ' tr e iwig h e o d l rn O c a ls to o l mmay u g n . 1. Pl i ifalege t f l i r l va f c s a utC/ M i ha li t ve ii d Com pl i . a ntf l s he olow ng e e nt a t bo O c e n he rf e a nt t No mbe 1 (01 1 Iwa a sul db C/ M ih e l i t eb sme to t e( e eik l on ve r , 2 3 , s sa t y O c a ll n h a e n f h Frd rc e Co ny Co rh u e Hea k dmet se o to ( lc l (nd t e p h dmeb c i a d u t) u to s . se o tp u f t el a l h n us e he ak n n t rw met t eg o n 1wa lo e a b ten rea d s ec ni e gh t mylf c e kb n he o h r u d. s o k d t y h u s n h o fnn d t a) e t h e o e i fa t rdd et g O)M iha l)a to s' s rcu e u o C/ c eg cin . ' I s p o t ftemoi nf rsl r j d me t C/ M ih e fldh sa fd vt te n u p r o h to o l mmay u g n, O c a l ie i fi a i,h a tdavisoft ot ofi r who we e pr s ntdu i t i i nt andan a fdavi ofanu s a fi t wo her fce s r ee rng he ncde , fi t re t t J l The re de r vea s t f l w i f c s he ai. i vi nce e l he olo ng a t . C/ M i ha a St war we ei t ba e ntoft Fr rc Coun y Courhous on Os c el nd e t r n he s me he ede ik t t e N ove be 1, 3, ih Fr de i k Count She ifs De y J Pi c one t t a f rPl i if m r 201 w t e r c y rf put ohn c i o r ns e a ntf be w ee t J la t Co t e Pl i t f bega ba i on hi c l doora co pl ni t n he ai nd he ur hous . a n if n ng ng s el nd m ai ng 1Idim is t cl msa ns t J i a tr i t t J i asadefnd by a e ri o de . s sed he ai gai t he al nd em naed he al e ant n a ler r r how heha be a t c t ea 1da a wa e t goba k t t J l De y Pi cone d en t he ourhous 1 y nd nt d o c o he ai. put c i ope d t c ldoora t d i t Pl ntf t tt pa wor wasnotr a ye a Pli if ne he el nd ol nma e ai if ha he per k e dy t nd a ntf n e e t st o .Pli t f eldba k,t une dt d yo r o a dg g tmyp pewo k e d d o i d wn ani y le c t f Yo e o o u j b n o e a r r now ! 1ha be n her sncefrtt ng t sm or ng. De y Pi c onee ane how heha no ve e e i is hi hi ni ' put c i ' xpli d d c r ove t pa r ka t tPl ntf ha t wat Of erMiha alos d,tgl ontol r he pe wor nd ha ai if d o i. fc c el s ai tlt WO ln' b a yf se i Plitfjwe t nt t c u t o a dg the hi ef' M ih e ud t e n atr f an if n i o he o rr m n o t m ms l.z c a l o ' Af. 4. f! Pl ntf wal d outoft ce l a O f ke M i ha pus d hi ba k and f l d hi ai i f ke he l, nd f r c el he m c olowe m i i t c l.Pli ifwasc s t c s wih Ofi rM ihae and cenc hi fss whih nsde he e l a ntf he t o he t t fce c l l hed s it , c we e no r tai i ha r t esr ned n ndcufs f .To bo h Ofi rM ihae a De y Pici ,Pl ntf t fce c l nd put c one ai if a a e t be pr pa i t as a tOf i e M i ha a o fe t ce l Ofi e M i ha lg a d ppe r d o e rng o s ul f c r c el nd/ r l e he l. t c r c e r bbe Pl i ifa l we e Pli ift t foort a y ha ufs Pli tf r us d or r t ofe hi antf nd o r d a ntf o he l o ppl ndc f . a n if ef e de s o f r s ha f r sr i s a Ofi e M i hae sr c Pl i ifsuppe lf t g a lf s de .The nds or e tant , nd fc r c l t u k antf r e t hi h nd e t houl r o tc r uli ael r tai Pl i ifi handc f a pl e hi a s pa a ec l. fi e s tm t y esr ned antf n ufs nd ac d m e r t e l C/ M iha de e srki Pl i ifi t f cea a tme.Pl ntf sf em a ha O c el ni s ti ng antf n he a t ny i ai if ac y ve co a t d t foo whe Ofi e M iha l r d Pl i ift t foorbutno wih e nt c e he l r n fc r c el owe e antf o he l t t nough f c or e t c u ea y ij r Theewa n v sbl ij r t Plitf sfc , ndPlitf ddn ttl a o a s n nu y. r s o ii e nu y o anif a e a an if i o ie r ue tf team e twhiea t co t eorupon r t i t t J l Pl n iffrt eq s or r t n l t he urhous e um ng o he ai. aitf is c pli d ofl r lf or t lpa n on Dec m be 1 201 des t bei pr vi l s n i t om a ne owe -e t bia i e r 9, 3, pie ng e ousy ee n he J i ' m e c lde rm e on D e e be 1 ,201 A n X - a a a CT s a s e t tno a ls di a pa t nt cm r 5 3. r y nd c n how d ha f a tle oc ur ed. r c tr c r 2Pl ntf alege i hi unve ii d r po et tOfke M ihae ake ,IDOyou wa t go ge yourpa m o k ai if l s n s rte es ns ha t r c l s d G nt o t pe r fo t Clr yolr el 't whi Plitf r pled,t . r m he e k zs o' o ch an if e i tYes' ' II. A p ryi e tte t st r ud me ti tepla ig ,h d s o eya dd s ls r at s ni d o t l mmayj g n f h e dn s t e ic v r n ico u e m a e i so tl a a a fda t s t ral n ie, nd ny fi vis how t tt r i no ge nediput ast a ma e i f c . ha he e s nui s e o ny t ral a t Fe R. v. 5 () seW ila v. ifn, 2F.d8 0 8 3(t Ci.1 91 (e og iiga d. Ci P. 6 a ; e lims Grfi 95 2 2 , 2 4h r 9 ) r c n zn p ryi e tte t s mmayj d me ti t rc r a awh ec ul n t e darto a tiro a t s n ild o u r u g n f he e o d s ol o d o la ain lre f fc t tn i fv o teno mo a t.k ae il a t'aet s fcsne e s r t etbiht e a to i d n a or f h n- v n ) û tra fcs' r ho e a t c say o sa ls h M ee n so apat sc us o a to An es nv. be t Lo y l c, 7 U. 2 , 48( 9 6 . lme t f ry' a e f cin. d ro Li ry bb . n .4 7 S. 42 2 1 8 ) A ge ne i s ofm a eralf c e s si ,i vi w i t r cor a a1 r s bl i e enc s nui s ue t i a t xi t f n e ng he e d nd 1 ea ona e nf r e dr wn t r fom i a lghtmos f vo a et t no movi pa t ar s bl f c -i rco d a he e r n i t a r bl o he nng ry, ea ona e a ttnde ul rtu' aveditf t non- nt Ll et n r c or he mova . tsThemovi pa t ha t btr nofs ng-iha i, ng ry s he zde howi t t s t poi i outt t diti tcour - t t r i a a e eofe de t s ntng o he src t hat he e s n bs nc vi nce o uppor t nonmovi t he ng p ry' c s . Ceoe Co p v. tet4 7U. 31 , 2 ( 9 6 .I t emo a tstsisti a t s a e' ltx r . Cart, 7 S. 7 3 5 1 8 ) f h v n aife h s ' bur n,t n t non- ova m us s tf t s cik ,a s i ef dst tde onsr t t de he he m nt t e orh pe t dmi sbl a ha m tae he e senc ofage neis offc f til J a 322- Thepa t opposngs xit e nui s ue a t or ra. #. t 23. ry i ummay r j d me ti td mo et a smpl s w t a t r i s memea h sc l o b a t t e ug n d mus o r h n i y ho h thee s o tp y ia d u t s o h m a e ilf c s ...W he et r c d t n asa whol c dno l a ar tonalti roff c t fnd tra a t . r he e or ake e oul t e d a i re ato i f rt nonm o ng pa t t r i no t nui is f ti l'' M a s hiaElc.I usra Co. o he vi ry, he e s ge ne s ue or ra .' tus t e nd til v. Ze i Ra i Cop.4 5U. 5 4, 8 - 7( 98 )(o t t o te ) Plitf' r s o s t te nt d o r , 7 S. 7 5 6 58 1 6 f onoe mitd . anifs e p n e o h h moinf rsl r j g n c n it o a u v rfe n rai eo e e t a da g me t S e to o l mmay ud me t o sss f n n eiid a rtv f v ns n r u n . e . eg, n Rig Co lCo. Lo a 8 7 a W .l 7F.d41 , 2 ( t Ci.1 9 )( o igap ry ..Pie d e a v. c l 3 7 UM 8 3 5 4 2 4 h r 9 9 n tn a t o p igamo inf rs mmayj d me th sa o iaint prs n s metpeo e ie c t p osn to o u r u g n a n bl to o ee t o y f vd n e o g t c u t e nsrtngt ee itnc o a is eoffcl W iln v. ifn, 2F.d8 0 8 3 he o r d mo tai h xse e f n su a t; lims Grfi 95 2 2 , 2 ( h Ci.1 )( i ave iidcompli c ai ngalegai bas onpes lkno edge 4t r 991 notng rfe ant ont ni l tons ed rona wl i t e uvae to a a fd v t p osn s mmayj d me t.A c u t y n trs led s u e s he q i ln f n fia i o p ig u r u g n) o r ma o e ov ip td 3 f c s we ght evi nce, m a de e na i ofc e biiy.Rus elv.M ir a t , i he de or ke t nni tons r di lt sl c odyneCor ,65 p. F.d 1 29 1 3 (t Ci.1 9 ) S s b ev. u p y 7 7F.d 1 9 1 2( t Ci.1 8 ) l ta , 3 2 , 2 9 4h r 9 5 ; o e e M r h , 9 2 7 , 8 4h r 9 6 . nse d a c ta e sast e t e de e oft non- o ng pa t a r ol a1 i e a c lc sand our cc pt nz he vi nc he m vi ry nd es ves 1 nt m l onf i t i e enc i t non- ovi pa t sf vor Cha bomwxc deFr nc v.Sm ih,597 F. 406,41 nf r es n he m ng ry' a . r a e t 2d 4 (t Ci.1 . 4h r 979) 11 1. Asapr ti ldeai e, antf se es i f r ecli i gove e byt Fouree h era t ne Pl i if xc sve o c a m s m d he t nt Ame ndme .Orm v.Re nt e phnnn,523F.d442, ( h Ci. ) pr valonhi Fo te h 3 446 4t r 2008 .To e i s ure nt Am e e e es i f cec am ,Pli tf mus s tsy t s l ga sa r t ta s nt nc ndm nt xc sve or l i a n if t a if he ame e l t nda d ha e e ed p io e mus stsyt e t tEihhAme d n : eh ra o fca' a to weeo j ciey rs n r t aif md r h g t n me t wh te n fiils cins r b e tv l hn mf e r ul noug t e t bls c u a unus lpunihme ,a whehe t ofi i a t d wih a h o sa ih r el nd ua s nt nd t r he fcal c e t s fiin l c l besaeo mid.W is nv. etr 5 U. 2 4 2 8( 9 ) Si v. u e u fce t upa l tt f n y lo S ie, 01 S. 9 , 9 1 91; mms Br c , 1 F.App' 853,857(t Ci. 4) Ese i l t c tmus deemi whehe t f ce 04 x 4h r 200 . sntaly,he our t tr ne t r he or a i wasi n a g f ih e f tt m ant i o r sor dici i ormalci l a s ditc ly ppled t i ood at for o i an r e t e s plne i ousy nd a si a l f rtev r p r os o c u igh r ' W h te v. b r, 7 U. 31 , 2 - ( 9 6 .W heh r o h ey u p e f a sn a m. ily Ales 4 5 S. 2 3 0 21 1 8 ) ' te t f c wa nec s ar ori e i ly am e a i lci unne s a yphysc lhnr de ndso he or e s e s y nt ntonal i d t nfitng ce s r i a m pe n f c or s h a t ne d f t a ia i off ce t r ltons p bet ent ne a t a t s uc s he e or he pplc ton or , he ea i hi we he ed nd he a un o f reu e ,h e tn o ij r ifitd tee tn o tet ra t t s ft o sa f mo t f o c s d t e x e t f n u y n lce ,h xe t f h h e t o he aey f tf a i a e r as bl pe cevedbyr s nsbl ofi i s a a eforsma t tm pe t nd nm t s e ona y r i e po i e fcal, nd ny f t de o e r he s veiyofaf ceulr pons s e rt or f es e how.1 a 3 s e. g.W iki v.Gaddv,559U. 34( 0) d. t 21; e e. , l ns S. 201 . $ imaewh c mp anso ap s o s veta c us sn dic mi eij r amo tc ran y t n t o o li f u h r ho h t a e o s e bl n u y l s e til An f ist s a e a vald e es i f c cl i . W iki ,55 U . a 38. al o t t i xc sve or e a m ' l ns 9 S. t ' Ba e on t r co d be or m e,hee de e e t bls st tC/ M ihae r as bl s d he e r f e t vi nc sa ihe ha O c l e ona y pe c ve Pl ntf sa tonsa atle tt s urt orofi rs f t Ofi e M i e pr ve e r ei d ai if c i s lr a o ec iy fce a e y. tc r cha l e nt d 4 Pli iffom lavi t c lwihunr sri dha ,e ee t celt r tai Plitfla antf r e ng he el t etane nds ntrd he l o esr n anit nd de e ne Pli if who had cenc hi fss pr e t d ar al i e aet e tt t ofi r t nni d a ntf, l hed s it , es n e e , mm di t hr a o he tce s a publc s e y.I or rt m ant i co r ,C/ M iha lplce Pli ifon t gr nd i aft n de o i an ntol O c e a d antf he ound, Pli tf con i d t physcal r ss a tm pt t s c ehi ,a C/ M iha lsr c Pl i ifs a n if tnue o i ly e it te s o e ur m nd O c e tu k antf t g a s de t i hi h nd houl r o nducec planc om i e.Not t t ndi Pl i ifst uppo td be ift thi wihsa ng antf ms re le ha s c k wa fa tle durng t si de ,t X-ayand CT s an c l i l co im t t hee s r c tr d i hi nci nt he r c oncusvey nfr ha Pl ntf c e w asnotf a tle Fur he m o e O fi e M i hae di no s rke Pl i ifi t ai ips he k r c tr d. t r r , tc r c l d t t i a ntf n he fc , n t ef lt t efo rddn tifit n c n ttto l sg iia tij r .Ac o dn l , a e a d h al o h l o i o n lc a y o siuinal in fc n n u y c r ig y yt r c d t ke a awhol s he e or a n s e howst tt f cea id by C/ M iha wasi agood-at ha he or pple O c el n f ih e f t o m a nt i orr t e di c plne a notm a i i l a s di tc ly f t ve y pur e of f or t i a n es or s i i nd lc ous y nd a s i a l or he r pos c i ham,a nortonaltiroffctc dfndf Pli if Se j. ausng r nd ai re a oul i or antf. e .. /s 1 . 57 Fo tef rg i r a o s Ig a tC/ M ih e' moi nfrs mmayj dg n . r h o e ong e s n , rn O c a ls to o u r u me t ENTE R :Thi da ofJ y, 4. y ul 201 % . 5 ( Se rUnie Stt sDititJ ni t d a e src udge
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