Wall v. Looney et al, No. 7:2013cv00587 - Document 45 (W.D. Va. 2014)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Jackson L. Kiser on 11/3/2014. (tvt)
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eteRx' oFFt u : ol touv : tc st A n N l iv T A vt uA ) . L FL:l r41: I E (, 4 I THE UNI N TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT FO R TH E W ESTE RN DI STR I T O F VI G I A C R NI RO AN O K E D I I O N V SI G AR Y W AL L, Pl nt f , ai i f V. SAM L O O N EY ,e al, t . D efendant s. N2V C3 2 1 24 B:ICDDE CEK YéA . tX Lj JL e CLERK U&tJ . DEPUTY Ci lA ct on N o.7: cvvi i 13- 00587 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) M EM O R AN D U M O PI O N NI By: H on.Jackson L .K i ser Se or U ni e St e D i t c Judge ni t d at s s ri t Ga y W a l a V i g ni i a e pr e ng pr K ,fl d a s co a e d co pl nt r l, r i a nm t oce di o ie e nd m nde m ai , purua t 42U. C.j 1 a Vigni lw.Pli ifna a dee nt H. ake t s nt o S. 983 nd r i a a antf mes s fnda s Clr ,he Die oroft Vigi aDe mentofCore tons(t rct he r ni pM r ci û VDOC' ; ' VDOC Ombuds n G. ) me Ro i o a G. r e R. ahe a W a d no teRe Onin SaePrs n(( P'; . bns n nd Hil ; M t n , r e f h d o tt io ( kl ROS ' J ) M c e t ROSP l tt i l tgaor ROSP LtD. il a ROSP K- Ha e S. oue n,he nsiutonal nvesi t ; . Stl; nd 9 ndlr Lo n y.Dee d n sfldamoinf rs mmayj d me t a dPlitf r s nd d ma n t oe fn a t i e to o u r u g n , n an if e po e , kig he matrrpef rd s osto Afe rv e n t er c r ld n sz r j d me ta an t te i o ip iin. tr e iwi g h e o d, e y l mmay u g n g is Ofie Loone a g a ts fc r y nd r n umma yj r udgme a t t ot rdee nt. nt s o he he fnda s 1. I t A.l a at c Pli tf whiet y a a oxi t l t nt o he i a e mna e ngr m ta ked a n if l he nd ppr ma ey we y t r nm t s w e e o t RO SP pr s n ya d. Pl i ifa l a f l t t gr r n he i o r 1 antf nd ngr m e l o he ound, a t pr e thi s l , nd o ot c m e f Pli ifke l a i abe rhug a t y r ld a ou . Ofk e Loone a he K - Epo, antf pt ngr m n a s he ole r nd t r y nd r 9, ap oa he I r m al Pl i ifa tui . w ane t tEpo woul ber l as d a or r t m pr c d ng a td antf nd l c e r d ha d e e e nd de ed he Wall v. Looney et al ngr m s ngage , e n ahe o he ofi e sus d d ve t s op fghtng. N e t rPl i ifnorI a die o t i i 2 ihe antf r t r fc r e Doc. 45 1RO SP i a t s < l S,'(e.s g e ae )c re to a f cl yt a h u e o f n e swhoa eca sfe a Leve - ' i , e r g td o r ci n l a ii h t o s s fe d r t r lsiid s hih s trt rs a who a es oft m os vi e ofe r i r e aedi t VD OC. M a ofe r g ecliy iks nd r ome he t olnt fndes nca c r t n he ny fnde s i r e acdatROSP s gr tonho i be us t y a edir ptve, a s uli ,haves ve ebe vir lpr e s nca c r t e egai usng ca e he r su i s a tve e r ha o a oblm de onsr t pr t y-ypebe o s a a e e ca rs . RO SP ge r l pr de m a m um s urt m tae edaol t havir , nd r s pe i ks , ne aly ovi s xi ec iy s r so a ahi l lofphysca r sr ntt m ai an c r , pr ve e c ,m i m i rs ofsaf a upe viin nd gh eve i l e tai o nti ontol e nt s apes ni ze ik t f nd imaeij r , ndmananod ryisiuin l p rto . n t nu y a iti rel n t to a o eains t 2Co r to lsaf pr nt oneoft ot ri ae o t ya dfo recina t f eve ed he he nm ts n hc r r m j i n tefg ta a1oh r onig h h, nd l te Dockets.Justia.com ol r snca ium (- ' s ay. of e toone a r t tEpobi pli irslf cafwhie eo e i psc -oc' pr 3 uc r - y ves ha ) t antf et l l Pl i ifa I r m r m a ne cl pe a t s i c t gr a ntf nd ng a e i d as d nd us lng m he ound.O nc a he K- ar i a e not r 9 rved nd bi l r m , ai ifa l r m r l as e c ot ra s pa a e t ng a Pl ntf nd ng a e e ed a h he nd e r t d. Thepa te d s gr wha ha ned o et i a e s par t Ofi rLoone ave s ri s i a ee t ppe nc he nm t s e aed. fce y r t ts ga Pl i ifadie tor rt 1eon hi somac wih hi ha ou a t tPl i if ha he ve antf r c de o i st h t s nds t nd ha antf, i t ad,l y o hi s de a be n t ki k Epo i t he d t m a t dog r l a e hi l f c l . ns e a n s i nd ga o c n he a o ke he ee s s e t af Ofi e Loone a ss t n ga Pl ntf s r or r bot t sop kiki Epo a t 1eon fc r y ver he he ve ai if eve al de s h o t c ng nd o i hi s om ac w ih hi ha o . O f i e Loone ave st ts or r Epo t r l as Pl i if s st h t s nds ut fc r y r ha he de ed o e e e a ntf l f ca fo ePl i ifc e t l nc antf ompled by notki ki Epo a l ng o hi somac .4 i c ng nd yi n s t h l c tas,Pli ifa r t ta s n a hea I r m s pa aed, i medit l r ld n on r t antf ve s ha s oo s nd ng a e r t he m a ey ole ont hi s om ac w ih hi ha o e n t o st h t s nds ut ve hough O f i erLoone ne ror r d orw a ned fc y ve de e r Pl i ifa antf bouta hi Pli ifa r t tEpo t r i ohi lf c l whiehewa ar a nyt ng. a ntf ve s ha o e nt s e t a f l s le dy pe e bl c ac a y ompla a l ng so a hint nd yi t m c down on t gr he ound,whih d fe sfom Ofi e c if r r fc r Loone sa lgai t tEpo bi Pli ifwhiehewast si wih l a .De piehi y' le ton ha t a ntf l us lng t ngr m s t s com pla a s i sve pos ur ,Pl ntf a r t tO f i rLoone c m a d Epo t C l i nt nd ubm s i t e ai i f ve s ha fce y om nde o t et f hi ,biehi as ' m t s sl' The biewo t Pl ntf sl f cafwasdes rbe asû lr rwo wih lr vei t und o ai if e t l c i d ( a ge und t a ge n a e xpos butt ven a a edt bei ac '1 lr a e o s pa a e ts ueplnest ti sil ed he i ppe r o nt f' t a ge r a f e r t d is 7a a ha s tl o nj ta vetefs l a eo mu de'a (o nt ltr l af h r wa as l o nig pe us bo h a da pln f s ' nd t l he aea e lt e e s mal pe n ; g i e o ye or r t ly somac do on t gr nmats be d des o a t h wn he oundwhieofi e sr s l tc r e pondedt t i den o he nci t 3OC s a i ache ialag sm iart whati co m onl knownaspe rs ay orm ac a irt t a pry s m c ent i l o s m y ppe pr .e nd r ia es pe s se ,t oa,andnos See e. ,Pa kv. htet 2 0F.d8 3 8 9(eciigtep y ilgia efcso ron' yes hr t e. . a. r S i t 5 3 4 , 4 d s rbn h h soo c l fet f l - OC s r y . pa) 4Dee a t c nc d t th y d n t n w wh nEp ij rdPlitf' lf c l: i e whe Panif as fnd ns o e e ha te o o k o e o nu e anifs et afet r n litf w h e br i l am orafe Pl ntf hads r td fo l a . m acng ngr tr ai if epa ae r m ngr m wihlr e a e u d r aht t a sp r to o tsu pa e . t ag r r a n ene t ha h s e aain f is e ln s' V !8 En l s r A. 'Ex. , co u e Pl ntf ha r t d hi pan l vela 8 o of1 ai if d a e s i e t ut 0. Def nt pr de a e oft vi o r or ng oft i i fom as e iy enda s ovi d opy he de ec di he ncdent r e urt c r . Onc t c m e azo si on t fght Pl i ifa I a c n bes e cl ped ame a e he a r om n he i , antf nd ngr m a e n as t t ra t si on t gr oge he nd us lng he ound, t net ri a ebeng a et ove po e t ot ror wih ihe nm t i bl o r w r he he r l a ehi s l fom t o he ' gr p.Thevi r ve st tEpo ke a s t ne bieon e e s m e f r he t r s as deo e al ha pt usai d t Pl i ifsl tc fwhie t i aeswe e silt t ra whiePli tf r led outoft fght antf ef al l he nm t r tl ogehe nd l a n if o l he i o o hi r g s de a pr ee d i m e a e y t le on hi s om a h di e ty i f ontofO fi r nt s i ht i nd oc de m di t l o i s t c r cl n r fce Loone and Epo.Pl ntf a y ai if ppea st 1easpe e uly aspos i e al rbengr l fom t r oi ac f l sbl fe i oled r he fg whie Epo m ant i hi bie.Epo c i ue t bieandt on Pl ntf sca ff rne ry i ht l i aned s t ontn d o t ug ai if l o a l t ry s ondsa trPli ifha l n on hi som a h.Thevi s hit ec fe antf d ai st c deo howst tt co r tona ha wo rec i l ofi e sa onesa f ra e sa ngne t Ofi e Lo y,Epo, nd Pli ifd i t tm e fc r nd t fe r t ndi xt o fc r one a antf urng he i Pl i ifa lgedl ki ke Epo i t he butt y dono at m p t r sr i Pli if Alhough antf le y c d n he ad, he t te t o e ta n antf . t t evde c n o r v a wh nPlitf s san dteij r t h sc l tevd oc uds p r h i o a n t e e l e an if u tie h nu y o i at h i e o l u po t l Pl i if s a l ga i t the di notki k Epo i t he d. a ntf le ton ha d c n he a lI. A pa t i e ildt s ry s ntte o umma yj r udgme i t pla ngs t dic ya dicos r nt f he e di ,he s over nd s l u e m a e i so tl a a a fdaviss t ral n ie, nd ny fi t how t tt r i no ge nediput a t a m a e i lf t ha he e s nui s e s o ny t ra ac . Fe R. v. 5 () s eW ila v. if 9 2F.d 8 0 8 3 (t Ci. 9 )(e o n znga d. Ci P. 6 a; e lims Grfi 5 2 2 , 2 4 h r 1 91 r c g ii n, pa t i e ildt s ry s ntte o ummayj r udgmen i t rco da awhol coul notl dartonaltirof t f he e r s e d ea ai re fc t fndi fvoroft non- nt.Themovi pat ha t bt de ofs ng-tha i, ato i n a he mova ) ng ry s he l n howi û t s r t poi i outt t diti tco t t tt r i a abs nc ofe de et s ntng o he src ur - ha he e s n e e vi nc o uppo tt nonmovi r he ng pa y' cas ' Cel ex Cop .v.Cat e ,477 U . 317, 3 5( 9 6 .l t mo n s tsisti rt s e.' ot r tt S. 2 1 8 ) f he va t aife h s O 7 . bur n, he t nonde t n he mova m us s tf t s ii ,a isbl f c st tde nt t e orh pecfc dm s i e a t ha monsr t t ta e he e s e e ofa ge ne i s off c f t i . I a 322xi t nc nui s ue a t or ral d. t 23.ï a e i lf t ' ar t e f c s t t r a ac s' e hos a t M ne es a y t esa i h t el m e s ofa pary' c us ofa ton. Ande s n v.Li rv Lo c s r o t bls he e nt t s a e ci ro be t bbvsl , nc. 477U. 242,248( 986 .A ge nediput ofmaeilfc e ssi,i viwi t r c da S. 1 ) nui s e tra a t xit f n e ng he e or nd alr a ona ei er nce dr wnt r fom i alg mos f vor bl t t non1 e s bl nf e s a he e r n i ht t a a e o he movi pa t a ng ry, r s bl fc-i c dr t n aveditf t nonea ona e a tfnder oul eur r c or he movan .J sA c tma notr ol t J- our y es ve diput d f ds wei t e de e,orm a e de e m i to ofc e biiy.Rus e lv.M ir s e a , gh he vi nc k t r na ins r di lt sl c odyne Co p.6 F.d 1 2 1 9( hCi.1 9 ) So e e v. u v 7 7F.d 1 9 1 2( t Ci. r , 5 3 2 9, 23 4t r 9 5 ; s b e M mh , 9 2 7 , 8 4h r 1 6) l ta ac tac e sast et e de oft non- ngpa t a rs vesal 98 . nse d, our c pt nl he vi nce he movi ry nd e ol l i e nalc lc sand i e e si t non- ovi pary' f vor Cha bonna de Fr ev. nt r onfit nf r nce n he m ng t s a . r ces anc Smih,5 F. 406,41 ( h Ci.1 . t 97 2d 4 4t r 979) 111. De e f ndan sa guet tt f de a c am sf da ag a s re agans t m i t r t r ha he e r l l i or m es s e td i t he n hei idi dua ca iisaebardbyt docrneofquaii i n vi l pacte r re he ti lfed mmuniy. Quaiidi t s lfe mmuniy t p r t ( o en n o t asp ro migd srto ayf n to s. .t b )s il e fo e mis û v r me t fkil ef r n ieei n r u cin . (o e h ed d r m g la lt f cvi dama i of ra t rc uc doesnotvi a ecla l esabls saut y or ibiiy or i l ges ns a s hei ond t olt e ry t ihed t t or c tt i lrght ofwhih ar as bl pe s n woul ha known.' Ha l v.Fizc a d, onsiutona i s c e ona e r o d ve ' row t er l 45 U. 8 0 8 8( 98 ) 1fn t t 1d fnd n sb tOfie Lo n ya ee tte t q aiid 7 S. 0 , 1 1 2 . i d ha a1 e e a t u fc r o e r n i d o u lfe l i uniy duet Pli ifsf l et esa ih a c tt i lvi a i , butdipu esofm ae il mm t o antf ' aiur o t bls onsiutona olton s t tra f c pr cl awar ng qualf e i m uniy t Of i rLoone . Se Gr y v,Spil a 925F. a t e ude di iid m t o fce y e a lm n, 2d 5TheElvent Am e e bascai sf rda a sa ans Defnda si t i ofi alc ii e h ndm nt r l m o m ge g i t e nt n her fci apactes Mi . W i v. l l c D e tofStt Polce 4 U. 5 , ( 9 9,-tle t Civ Sc Dit Bd.ofEduc. v.Dovl 429U . h. p' ae i , 91 S. 8 71 1 8 ) M .- alhv t h. s. . l 27 4 e, S. . , - - - 28 ( 9 7; a v La , F3 4 6 4 0(t Ci.1 9 ) 0 1 7 ) Grv . ws 51 .d 2 , 3 4h r 9 5 . 9 , 5(t Ci. 9 )(idn s mmayj g n p e l d dwheer s lto o cam d p nd 0 9 4h r 1 91 fn ig u r ud me t rcu e r e ou in f li e e s once biiydeemi ton) rdi lt tr nai . A . Of i e Loone fc r y A pr s r a l gi e es i f c i vi a i n oft Ei h A m e i one le ng xc s ve or e n ol to he ght ndm e m us s nt t how t t ha ade e nt'i lced unne s a y a wa o pan a s f i ' W hily v. ber ,475U . f nda dnfi t ce s r nd nt n i nd uferng.' te Al s S. 31 , 2 ( 9 6 ; e W is n v S i r 5 U. 2 4 2 ( 9 )( o dn ta a Eihh 2 3 0 1 8 ) s e lo . et , 01 S. 9 , 98 1 91 h l ig h t n g t e Ame d n cam f re c si ef rerq ie a o j cied p i ai no ab sch ma n e n me t li o x e sv o c e ur s n be tv e rv to f a i u n e d a t a prs no fcass b e tv l a tdwi as fce tyc la esaeo mi ) Th r f r, nd h t io fiil u j ciey ce t ufiinl up bl tt f nd . ee o e h t pr ri r i w he he t f c a i d w ast n a good f ih e f tt m a nt i o r s or he ope nquiy s t r he or e pple i i a t f or o i a n r e t e di ci i orm a i i l a s s i a l f t ve y pur e ofca i ha m .' W hil y,475 s plne lc ous y nd adi tc ly or he r pos us ng r ' te U. a 3 - .Th s b e tv c mp n n e c mp s e s c fco sa t en e f rt S. t 2021 e u j cic o o e t n o a s s u h a t r s h e d o he a i a i n off r e t r a i hi be w e n t ne a t a ountoff cet tw a us t pplc t o o c , he el tons p t e he ed nd he m or ha s ed, he e tn o ij r ifitd t ee tn o t etr a t tes ft o safa dimae ra o a y x e t f n u y n ce , h x e t f h h e t o h a ey f tf n n ts e s n bl pe c ve by r po i e ofi i l,a any e f t m a t t mpe t s rt ofaf ce ul r ei d es nsbl fc a s nd fors de o e r he eve iy or f r po e. l a 3 . Cou t r c ni e t tc r c i nsofk i l m us a tC n ha t unde es ns d. t 21 r s e og z ha or e t o t as t c i s e, i r pr s e and fe nty wihoutt l y ofas c c es ur , r que l t he uxur e ond hanc ' W hil y,475 U. a 320. e.' te S. t Cons que l t c tmus gi prsm ofi il ( de r ng de e e i t a i and e nty, he our t ve ic fca s k -angi wi f r nce n he dopton e e uin o p lce a dp a tc st ti t ij d me taen e e t prs r eitr a o d r x e to f oiis n r cie ha n her u g n r e d d o e e v ne n l r e a dici i a t m ai ai i tt i ls urt .' nd s plne nd o nt n nsiutona ec iy 'Huds v. c ila 503 U. 1 7 on M M li n, S. , ( 924 s se. , iki v. ddv,5 U. 3 38( 0 19 4 ee u.W l ns Ga 59 S. 4, 201 ). Afe c n ie igt W hi e fco s 1fndds tso maeilfcsr q iea u yt tr o sd rn he t y a t r, i ipue f tra a t e ur j r o l de e m i whet r Of i e Loo y us d Epo i a good f ih e f t o r s or di c plne or t r ne he f c r ne e n a t f or t e t e s i i m alci l and sadit caly f t ver pur e ofcausi har . l Pl ntf ' t s i ony i t i ousy s i l or he y pos ng m f ai i f s e tm so be bei ved, ai iff l Epo tari o hi c l whiehe wasc pla , yi f edown,a no le Pl ntf e t e nt s af l om i nt l ng ac nd t e tt a o ea trt i mae h db e spaae e l v S z v , 5F.d2 5 2 ( t hra o ny n fe he l ts a e n e r td.S e ko . h e e 53 3 2 , 40 4h z Ci. r 2008)(i i t te de c ds ac rci ofi rsus ofpe rs a vi aed tndng ha vi nce oul how ore tonal fce ' e ppe pr y olt t Ei ht A m e m e whe i e a i t r wasltl r a ona e t ea f om t i a e w ho he g h nd nt n, nt r la, he e ite e s bl hr t r he nm t wasnotc r ato landha c mple wih a or rt lyont foo ) Viwe i alght onfont ina d o id t n de o a he l r. e d n i m os f vor e t Pl i if t vi o s ppors Pl i if s a l ga i t the di no ki k Epo a t a abl o a nt f , he de u t a ntf le ton ha d t c nd had l i on hi s om a h pea ef l a s aspr tc upon be ng dr an s t c c uly s oon ac i al i agge f om l a ' d r ngr m s l he e s d or he pplc ton or o e a e a ntf nd ngr m he e gr p. w hie t r w a a nee f t a i a i off ce t s par t Pl i i fa I a , t r as 6 doesnota art bea r as na ene d f t K- t ke bii Pli if scafandt rnghi ppe o e o bl e or he 9 o ep tng a ntf l ea i s te h f rne ryt ry s co afe he wasr las fom I a ,ha l i pe ce uly o t l s o a l hit e nds tr ee ed r ngr m d an a f l n he gr ound,a wass r nd uroundeda wache byco rci saf I aj ybele Pli ifs nd t d re tonal tf. f ur ives antf v rin o e e t, o htes b e tv a dt eo j ciep o g o a e c si ef recam wo d eso f v n s b t h u j cie n h b e tv r n s f n x e sv o c li ul beme , l wigt j r t rtr av r i i h sfv r t al n he u y o eu n ed d n i a o . o A lhough 1gi de er ncet core tona ofi r who m a difc tdecsonsi t ve f e o r c i l fce s ke fiul ii n t e tni st tons aj y c ddeemi t tyelng,t thi biehi a s'a usngaKhrae ng iuai , ur oul tr ne ha li t Ge m, t s s l' nd i 9 t bie a pea ea e i a e w ho i no l o t c bl nm t s onge e r ngage i a fghtf r ne r y t ry s c d n i o a l hi t e onds v tt e a m a i ous a s di te us o f e ons iut s ld nd a s i e f or e.Se e. ,M a v. ie N o.1 6446, si op. e, a. nn Fa l v, 3lp a 1 ( t Ci. uy 1 , 01 )(e ri s mmayj d me tn fv ro c re to a o fc r t 7 4h r J l 7 2 4 rvesng u r u g n i a o f o r cin l fie s be a s (ti plil t e s t a aj yc u dfndt t heo tc r . . o tn e t a pyf r e v u e t s any he a e h t m o l i ha t f e s . c n iu d o p l o c i s a ans rh i t)wel fe h h dc a e hi rssa e'.Bu i aj r b l ve Ofie g i t t e nmae l atr e a e s d s e itnc ' ) t f u y ei s fc r e Looney' vesonofe nt,t j yco drt n ave dc i he fvorf agood-at efo t s ri ve s he ur ul eur r it n r a or fih fr 6 evie rc r n do sn ts û ltnl c nrdc'ete Panifso Ofie Lo n y' v rino Th d o e odir e o o f aa ty o ta it i r litf r fcr o e s eso f b ' h eve s a t dicr di t rt tmony. Se . e..Sc tv.Ha rs 550U . 372,38 ( 0 ) nt s o s e t hei es l e n , ot r i, S. 0 20 7 . 6 m adei hasea unde pr s u et r t edici i ,i ,Ofi e Loone alowedEpo t bie n t nd r e s r o esor s plne e. fc r y l o t Pl i ifuntlPl i ifso d ki ki Epo i t he Acc di l De e antf i antf t ppe c ng n he ad. or ng y, f ndan s m oton f t ' i or s ummayj me i de e f t scai r udg nt s nid or hi l m. B. W ar M at den hena Pl i ifa guest tW a de M a he w a dei r t l i fe en t t s t ntalrs antf r ha r n t na s lbe a ey ndif r t o he ubsa i ik t tK - ha e s a R O SP w ilha m i na e ,i vi a i oft Ei h Am e ha 9 ndl r t l r m t s n ol ton he ght ndm e . The nt Ei ht A m e m e pr ec si na e f om c uela unus llvi c g h nd nt ot t m t s r r nd ua i ng ondii . H e lng v. tons li M c nne 509U. 25,31( ) l or rt ma outaprmaf i c s t tprs Ki v, S. 1993 . n de o ke i ace a e ha ion c n iinsv oaeteEihh Ame d n , pli tf mu t h w boh( )a o j cie o dto i lt h g t n me t a anif s s o t 1 n b e tv , ( u fce ty s ro 'd p i t n o ab sch nne d a d( )aprs no fca' s b e tv , t fiin l-eius' e rvai f a i uma e , n 2 s o io fiils u j cie d lb rt id fee et ta d p i ai n t c e v. ae s 98 F.d 1 75 1 7 (t Ci. ei eae n ifrnc o h t e rv to .Sl klr W tr, 9 2 3 , 3 9 4 h r j 1 ) Delbe aei fee rquie t tasaeadorwa pe s l a r offcsi iai 993 . i r t ndif rnce e rs ha tt s ronaly wae a t ndc tng as t ntalrs ofs rousham a t tt adora ly T og z d 1 e se , ofs h a ubsa i ik e i r nd ha he dual ee ni e he xit nce ue rs Fame v.Brnnan,511U. 8 838( 994) C ei rt i fee ema be ik. r r e S. 25, 1 . r lbeae ndifrnc y de onsr t d by e t rac uali e orr kl s di r r .' M ite v.Be n,8 F. 848 851 m ta e ihe t nt nt ec e s s ega d ' li r or 96 2d , ( t Ci. 9 0 .( d fn n a t r c e syb d se adngas b tn il'ko d ng r ha i 4h r 1 9 ) t e e da t cs e kls l y ir g r i u sa ta ls f a e t t s A i eihe known t t def nda torwhih woul bea r ntt ar s na e pe s i t t r o he e n c d ppa e o ea o bl r on n he de e nt sposton. l a 851- . E -l evi nc mus s f nda ' ii ' d. t ' 52 ûlhe de e rt how t tt ofi a i quesi ha he fcil n ton s j ci l r c zedt thi a tonsweedna opraei lg oft trs ''Pa s e r ub e tvey e ogni ha s ci r i ppr it n iht ha ik.' ni h x el . Leev. e lnd,372F. 294,303 ( hCi, Clvea 3d 4t r 2004) M eene i nc doe notqualf as . r glge e s iy de i r t i f e e e. D a ds v. nno 474 U .S 3 4 3 7( 9 6 , a o ,1 5F.d a lbe a e ndif r nc vi on Ca n, . 4 , 4 1 8 ) Grys n 9 3 t . 695, Pl ntf f ist esa ih t tW a de M a he wasdelbe at y i fe e t a ai if a l o t bls ha r n t na i r el ndif r nt o s tntalrs ofha m e us byt e es i us off ceby ROSP' K- ha e s.Pli if ubsa i ik r a ed he xc sve e or , S 9 ndlr a ntf f ist de o taet tW a de M ahe knowso o e t bls d apolc orc t ofRO SP al o m nsr t ha r n t na f r sa ihe i y usom o tc r usngK- sohe ta f r u tfa l s l- e e s , r tcin o oh r , r tcino fie s i 9 t r h n o j siib e efd fn e p oe to f te s p o e to f pr pe t pr ve i ofes pes a t m ait n orr gai c r .K- m a belwf l us d as o ry, e nton ca , nd o n ai e n ontol 9s y a uly e agood-aih efor t ma nt n Orr sor dicplne, nd t r i no e de i t r co d t tt f t f t o i ai e t e s i i a he e s vi nce n he e r ha he pr e eoftaned dogsa ROSP pos an u e ona e rs t t c tt i rght or es nc ri t es nr as bl ik o he onsiutonal i s physca we lbeng ofc i l l- i ompla i t sorpos a rs gr a e t n ot rlgii a et sof i nt nma e es ny ik e t r ha he e tm t ool prs n s urt s h a fr r s OC s ay,o se lr sr nt Se Stnl v. eii ,1 F. i o ec iy, uc s iea m , pr r t e e tai s. e a ey H irka 34 3d 629, ( h Ci.1 )( i prs a nitaor mus bea or dwi -a ngdeee e 634 4t r 998 notng ion dmi sr t s t cc de der ngi frnc t de i a i emen polce a pr tce ne dedt pr e eor ra s ctiyl seas o sgn nd mpl t iis nd aci s e o esnr de nd e trt ; e lo CivofCa o v.Hars 489U. 378,388( 989)( i afiur t tai cam unde j1 3 t ntn ri, S. 1 notng al e o r n li r 98 rquie as ngofdei r t i fee t as tntalrs ofham) Pli ifsrla e e rs howi lbe ae ndif rnce o ubsa i ik r . antf einc o l bel a co l i t a s ta cl i aga ns W a de M a he ca n a s nd nc usons o s er am i t r n t na nnoto r om e W a de s ve c r n' Mah nasmoin frs mma yj d me t S eBel lCo . Two l, 5 U. 5 4 5 5 t e ' to o u z u g n . e l At. p v. mby 5 0 S. 4 , 5 ( )( tngapli ifsbai frr le rquie mor t nlbesa c usons 2007 noi antf ss o eif e r s e ha a l nd oncl i ). Ac o dngy, tn W ad nM ah n i e t ldt q aiidi nt a ds c r i l Ii d r e t e a s ni e o u lfe mmu i n ummayj d me t t y r ug n f t s c ai . or hi l m I . V I a ton t t f r c a m spur ua t t Ei ht Am e n ddii o he ede al l i s nt o he g h ndm e , Pl ntf a l est t nt ai if leg ha D e e nt c m it ne i nta t i vi ato ofV i g ni l w . Afe r e ngt r or 1 f nda s om ted glge c s n ol i n ri a a l r eviwi he ec d, fnd t tt cl i s ofne i nce a i tO f i rLoone s l pr e t ti la t tt o he i ha he a m glge ga ns fce y ha l oc ed o r a nd ha he t r defnda saee il t s e nt r ntted o ummayj r udgme f t camso ne i nc a sre a i tt m nt or he li f glge e se td gans he 8 . A .Ofk e Loone f r y Pli ifalege sae-a cli sofa s t sm pl ne i e e,a E lf a w a t ' antf l s t t lw am s aul, i e glg nc nd i lul nd n on' wi o hale he rt hes neg i nc aga ns Of i e Loo y. D e e n se enott c lnget me isoft e lge e i t f c r ne 1 f nda t hos alg to s l se d,he a g dta te ecamss o l b ds se wi u p eu c , l ai n . n ta t y r ue h t h s li h ud e imis d t t rj die e ho pms ntt 28U. C.jl3 c) Be us 1a no dimisnga1cl msove whih lha ua o S. 67( . ca e m t s si l ai r c ve o ii a j rs ito lwil tds s t s saelw camsp ru n t j 1 67 a Dee d ns rg n l u idcin, lno imis hee tt a li u s a t o 3 /) s fn a t r s .I m uc asDe e nt c enott chal nget me isoft sa e l eai s t y eque t nas h f nda s hos o le he rt he t t -aw l m , he s l pr ee t ti lwih t f der lc am a ns Ofi erLoone hal oc d o ra t he e a l i gai t fc y. B. Die t Clr ,Om buds e Ro ns n a Hi kl W a denM ahe ,l ve tgaor r cor a ke m n bi o nd n e, r t na n si t M coue n,a Lt Stl e nd . il Howe ,Def nda sdi c lenget me isoft sa elw cli ofsmpl neglg nc ver e nt d hal he rt he t t a am i e ie e al ge agans t ot rdef nda s Pl ntf al gest tDiecorCl r Ombuds e le d i t he he e nt . ai if le ha r t a ke, m n Robi ona Hi e,W ade M ahe l si t M c e a Lt Stl ne i ntyfie t ns nd nkl r n t na,nvetgaor oue n, nd . il glge l ald o i tga ePli if sgre nce o c nvesi t antf iva s r ompli sa ant boutOfkerLooney' al ge us ofe es i t s le d e xc sve f c dir a de i t s c or e; s eg r d nma e ' ompl i sofe es i f r eatROSP;a f ie t e ur t tus ant xc sve o c nd a ld o ns e ha e off c pr c i es i pl m e e a R O SP ar i ac danc wih V D OC gui lne . Thes or e a tc m e nt d t e n cor e t de i s e d fn a t aee tte t s e e d n s r n ild o umma yj d me tf rt s camsb c u ePlitf fist e tbih r u g n o he e li e a s an if al o sa ls t s de e nt 's c fc l galdut t Pl i ift i tga c t c ai sa ans r g i anc he e f nda s pe i i e y o a ntf o nvesi t he l m nd we r ev es i awa f vor bl t Pl ntf,abr ac oft tdut pr ma eca e a Pl i ifsr s tng n y a a e o ai if e h ha y, oxi t us , nd antf ' e uli 1D eenda sconsr d Pli ifscam ofw ilula wa onne i nceasgr sneglgenc ,butVigi a f nt tue antf ' li lf nd nt glge os i e r ni r cog ze t e deg ee ofneglg e:si e gr s a wilula wantn.Cowanv. pi Suppor Ca e e ni s hr e r s ienc mpl, os, nd lf nd o Hos ce t rs l .2 8Va 4 2 48 - 7 6 S. 2 9 6 91 -9( 0 4 .Wilu a dwa tnn gie emensç cig nc, 6 . 8 , 6 8 , 03 E.d 1 , 8 1 2 0 ) l l n n o e lg nc a l tn f a ' cons i l i dir ga dofanot rpe s srght o a tng wih r kl si fe e t t c eque s wiht cousy n s e r he r on' i s r ci t ec es ndifr nce o he ons nce , t he def nda a a e, e nt w r &om hi knowl dge ofe s i cic s a s a t condii ,t thi c uc pr bl woul s e xitng r um t nce td tons ha s ond t oba y d c u eijr t a oh r' 1 , 6 Va a 4 7 6 3S. 2 a 9l (uoigEte tnv. e 26 Va 2 9 21 -4 5 7 a s n uy o n te. d.2 8 .t 8 , 0 E.d t 9 q tn h ro Do , 8 . 0 , 3 1 , 9 ' S. 2 8 , 0 ( 0 4 ) S mpene lg n eçn o v stef iu et u et ed g e o c r t a a o d n rl p u e t E.d 7 9 2 0 ) . i l g i e c < v l e h alr o s h e r e f a e h t n r i a i r d n i y p ro wo de ecs u d rsmia cru tn e t a odij r t a oh r' I.2 Va a 48 - 7 6 3SE.da es n ul x r ie n e i lr ic msa c s o v i nuy o n te . d, 68 . t 6 8 , 0 . 2 t ' 91 . 8 9 ij r fo g iv n er s ns sa i v si ai nt a o c re a trt ei cd n .S e e:. n u y rm re a c e po e nd n e tg to h t c u r d fe h n ie t e . . , Talyv.Da kM ed.I ,1 F. 1 1 ( h Ci.1 .Pl ntf srla eonlbesa le ne nc. 79 3d 54, 57 4t r 999) ai if einc a l nd c l i nst a s r s h ca msa ns t e de e n sc nnotove comet i m oton f oncuso o s e t uc li gai t hes f nda t a r her i or s mmayj dg n .Se Two l 5 0U. a 5 (o igap an ifsb ssf rr l f e ur s u r u me t -e mbv, 5 S. t 55 n tn litf a i o ei r q ie e mo et nlbesa concusons. r ha a l nd li ) F rt f r g igr a o , d n De e d n s moi nf rs mmmyj d me ta t t e o he o e on e s ns 1 e y fn a t' to o u u g n so h cai a ns Ofk e Looney a g a i a t a 1ot cai sag ns t ot rde enda s 1 l ms gai t t r nd r nt t s o 1 her l m ai t he he f nt . alo de Pl ntf ' m oton t a e t s m o asm o ,a t sa ton s l ber s i ne s ny ai ifs i o m nd he um ns ot nd hi c i ha l ea sg d t t doc toft H onor bl J m esP.J ne , nie St t s Di t i tJ o he ke he a e a o s U t d a e s rc udge oft s c t f hi our , or f t rpr ee ngs urhe oc di . EXTER: s 3r. d yo *ou., 01 ,2 4. Thi g a t N. . , y ; . ; C 1 ) . Seni rUni d St t DititJ t aes src udge 10
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