Oakes v. Patterson et al, No. 7:2013cv00552 - Document 30 (W.D. Va. 2014)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Michael F. Urbanski on 4/17/14. (mka)

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- 4eF I U8 FeE ATl RqsoÃ»BuqaEO tR % l QI Q lT '' . I L& I T H E UN I N TED STA TES D I STR I C O U R T CT FOR THE W ESTERN DI STRI O F VI CT RGI A NI ROANOKE DI I ON V SI A AP Rr -* Y JULI sv A C. DUD CLERK R 7 21 24 : DE, YCL K pPUT ER BR AND Y O A K E S, ) ) Pl nt f , ai i f ) V. ) Ci lAdi No7: c 552 vi on 13-v) DUSTI HARLEY PATTERSON, 1 ,) By: M i N M chaelF.Ur ki bans ) UniedSt e Dit c Judge t ats srit D efendant s. ) M EM OR ANDUM OPI ON NJ Plitf, a d Oa e (1 k s' fldt i a to a an td fnd n sDusi H. an if Brn y k s Ã§ e ' ie hs cin g is ee a t tn Oa ) P te s n(i p t Patro ), l Hu t(s rf Hu t) Bi Ov ro (ih rf Ov ro ' a tro t u y tes n' Ewel n t heif n' , l e tn Ã§ eif e tnl, De i ' l s a t W etr Vigi aRe ona J lAut iy(t VRJ', s ri cai unde 42U. C.j nd he sen r ni gi l ai hort 1 W ' ase tng l ms r ) S. 1 a Vigi a lw .Thi m a tri be or t co tont m otonst dim isfld by She if 983 nd r ni a s te s f e he ur he i o s s ie rf Hunt She ifOveron,a t W VRJ Thei s ha be n f l bre e a or a gume was , rf t nd he . s ues ve e uly if d nd al r nt hel on M a c 18, 4.Fort r as saedbe o She ifOve t a t W vl ' m otons d r h 201 he e ons t t l w, rf ron nd he u s i t di m i s w ilbe G I N TED ,a She ifH un ' m oton t di m i sw ilbe G R ANTED I o s s l G nd rf ts i o s s l N PA R T a D EN I I PA RT . nd ED N 1. Oa s'cli sa iefom an al ge s xuala s ta ba tr by De y Pa tr on,a ke am rs r le d e s aul nd te y put te s Fr nkln Count She if sD e y, hie O a w a a pr ti lde ai e. Oake o i na l fl d a i y rf put w l kes s e r a t ne s r gi ly ie t saci i t Cic tCour f rt Ciy ofRoa hi ton n he r ui t o he t nokea She ifHuntr moved i t t sc t nd rf e t o hi our o teba i o fd r l u si nj rs ito 1De uyPatro fie t fl ars o sv n h ss f e ea q e to u idcin. p t te s n ald o ie e p n ie 1Oa hasale acli unde 42 U.S C. 1 8 a an tS rf - n a dDe u yPa tr o Oa e ha n t kes lged am r . j 9 3 g i s heiflu t n p t te s n. k s s o l algedan f r lcam sagans t W VRJorShe ifO ve t Howeve , a s'saelw cam sagans t s le y ede a li i t he rf ron. r O ke tt a li i t hc e de e nt a ieoutoft s meaci t tfr t bassofhe s ta i tShe ifHt ,s h t tt cl msa e f nda s rs he a tons ha o m he i r ui gans rf mt uc ha he ai r p r o tesmesi. u ,h c u t ye ecs sp e naj rs ito u d r2 U. C. 1 6 at fh a utTh s te o r ma x rie u plme tlu idcin n e 8 S. j 3 7. u pl a ng i s a e c ta i i de a t See N o i ofRe o l D k . o.1 a 2. The n e d e di n t t our nd s n f ul. tce m va , t N ,t m nde c pl i a s r s c ai s a i tD e y Pa t r on,Sherf H t ,who wasFr nkln Coun y om a nt s e t l m ga ns put te s if mt a i t She ifa t tmet a l d e nt oc ure She ifOve t t c r ntFr nkln Count rf t he i he lege ve s c r d, rf ron, he ur e a i y Sherf,a t W VRJ She ifHunthie De y Pa tr on on Nove r1 201 howe r if nd he . rf r d put te s mbe , 0; ve , De y Pa l s w asno l nge e pl d a a s r f sde y whe She ifOve t bec m e put ter on o r m oye s he i f put n rf ron n Fr nkln Count She i f n i y rf. Thef l ng f c s whih a et ke fom t a e d co pl nt a ea e e a t e olowi a t , c r a n r he m nde m ai , r cc pt d s nl f pur e oft d e nt'm otons e Edwa dsv. t ofGol bor 1 F. 231 244 or pos s he ef nda s i .Se r Ciy ds o, 78 3d , ( h Ci.1 .Oa ,asaprti deaneeoft FrnklnCount Sheif wasbenghedi a 4t r 999) kes eral ti he n i y rf, i l n hol ng c l l a e i Roc M ot t V i gi a,a tng t a por t t W VRJ. D e t di e l oc t d n ky m , r ni waii r ns t o he pu y Pa tr on,who wa on dut wasawar t tOa ha be dic r fom t hos t l te s s y, e ha kes d en s ha ged r he pia i medit l pro t he a r t a wa i t mi to adi c m a ey i r o r res, nd s n he ds f vor e.Though Oa sha ne rm e ke d ve t De y Pat r on, hecli st the i t br t ri l w ofOa s da e ' f t r a t put te s s am ha s he o he -n-a ke ' ughtr s a he , nd hus kne ofhe fa l e i sa e.W hies wa i t hol ngceli Roc M oun , put w r r gie motonal t t l he s n he di ln ky t De y Pa t s w a t us ly s i ious l ng i t he ce lon m uli e o as o ,a Ã§a ki he ter on s m ua l olc t , ooki n o r l tpl cc i ns nd t s ng r rpe tdl whehe s nee da hi ' Ame Compl, . 13,a ! 1 Oa sal s e ae y t r he de nyt ng.' nd. .DktNo. - t 9. ke lege De yPatronbe ve t swaytogr Ms. sf hi plnneds ladva es' Ja put te s ha d hi t oom t Oake or s n exua nc . #. ' a ! 20. t Be wee a o matl 1 00 a. .a 1: a. .on Ocobe 22, 1 De y Pa tr on t n ppr xi e y 2: m nd 00 m t r 201 , put te s r m ove O a f om he hol ng c l t t a por he t t W VRJ D e y Pa t r o w as e d kes r r di e l o r ns t r o he . put t e s n i tucedt ta por Oa susngata por va e ppedwih c m e a s v il nc Howe r nsr t o r ns t ke i r ns t n qui t n r ur e la e. ve , i t a he pl ce O a i t f ontpas e e s tofhi s r i ve c e. W hie ta lng t t ns e d, a d kes n he r s ng r ea s e v ce hi l l r ve i o he W V RJ D e y Pa t r on f ed Oa s br s s a a t runl ki O a 'l tha c f , put te s ondl ke ' ea t nd, f e oc ng kes ef nd uf , 2 de a d t ts t uc hi g oi D e t Pa l r on d ove pa tt W V RJ e r nc t ane r m nde ha he o h s r n. pu y te s r s he nt a e o a by c c pa ki l twhe ehe c i d t s xualy as a tOa s2 On1 whe adipache c l hur h r ng o r ontnue o e l s ul ke . n s t r aled y ove t r di ta ki De y Pa tr on f hi l ton a i rng why i wa tki s l r he a o,:s ng put te s or s ocai nd nquii t s a ng o ong f hi prs rt arve'di heso hi a sula ta po the t t W VRJ. J a ! 43. or s ione o ri ' d tp s sa t nd rns r r o he 3Z t CountIa lgescl msf a s ul and ba tr a i tDe y Pa tr on,Sherf Hunt a le ai or s a t te y ga ns put te s if , nd She ifOve tn,i hi ofi a c pa t Count1 a lgesane i nc cli a ns t W VRJ rf ro n s fcil a ciy. 1 le glge e a m gai t he . Coun lla l escli f g os ne i ncea i tShe ifHunta She ifOve t i hi t 1 leg a ms or r s glge ga ns rf nd rf ron, n s ofiilc ciy.CountI brngsacl m unde 42 U. C.jj l a 1 a i tDe y fca apa t V i ai r S. 983 nd 988 gans put Pateron a She ifHunt Fi ly,t a t s nd rf . na l he mende c d ompli a s as f punii dn a s ant lo ks or tve m ge a i tDe y Pa tr o Sherf Hunt a She ifOve t i hi ofi a c pact De e gans put te s n, if , nd rf ron, n s tcil a iy. f ndant s Sherf Hunt She ifOve t a t W vl.ha move t dimi sOa s cai spurua t if , rf ron nd he tl ve d o s s ke ' l m s nt o Rul 1 b)6)oft Fe r Rul ofCi lPr e e. e 2( ( he deal es vi oc dur II. Tos r ieamo int d s s u d rFe e a Ru eo Cii Pr c dze 1 ( )6 , u vv to o imis n e d r l l f v l o e l 2 b () a r c mplitmu t o ti s fiin fcu l te whc a c p e a tu ,t aes acam t o an s c n an u fce t a t a matr ih, c e td s r e Stt l) li o s rle t ti plusbl onisfc ' hcof v.I l 556U. 662,678( eif ha s a i e t a e.'As r t gba, S. 2009)(uoi Bel q tng l At. r . . mb y 5 0U. 5 4 57 ( 0 7 lCo p v Two l , 5 S. 4 , 0 2 0 :.Un e tep a sblt sa d r , c mplit d r h lu iii tn ad a o an y mus c an Ã§mor t n l l a co l i 'oraGf mul cr iai oft e e nt ofa t ont i s e ha abes nd ncusons' lor ai ect ton he l me s c us ofaci n. Twombl 55 U . a 555.Thi plusbiiy sa r r uie apl ntf t a e to ' ' v, 0 S. t s a i lt t nda d eq r s ai if o de monsr t m or t n Ã§ s e pos i lt t ta de e ta e e ha d he r sbiiy ha a f ndan hasa t d t a uly. l ba,556 t c e ml wf l ' g l ' 2De yPa tr onpa ke a r vedOa fo t ve ce whe eheunf t d hi pa s e edhi pe s, put te s r d nd emo kes r m he hil r asene s nt, xpos s ni , a r d a ns he . Oa r pea e y t d hi t ' n e e r he puthe i t r rofhi ve cl nd ubbe gai t r kes e t dl ol m t ' r aAe , no. r n he ea s hi e, postoni hi el s t thi e edpeni wa i he f e. Oa satmptdt movea y fom hi a i ii ng ms f o ha s xpos s s n r ac ke te e o wa r m, gan s yi Ã§ . a ng Ã§ ' no ' 3Thea e d c pli doesno s ciy whehe t dipache wasfo t Fr nkln Co y She ifsOfk eor m nde om ant t pe f t r he s t r rm he a i unt rf' t t w VRJ. he U . a 678. W he r i o a m oton t di m i s t c t us Ã§ cc ptt w e lpl S. t n ulng n i o s s , he our m t Ã§ e he l- ed a alega i oft c pl i ast u 'a Ã§c t ue t f c sa r s bl i e enc s de i d l tons he om a nt r e' nd t ons r he a t nd ea ona e nf r e rve t r fom i t lghtm os f vor bl t t pl ntf. I rav. t d St t s 1 F. 472,474 he e r n he i t a a e o he ai if' ba r Unie a e , 20 3d ' ( h Ci.1 .W hiet c t ta e ast ealwel- e dedfcta al to ,t 4t r 997) l he our mus cc pt nz l lpla a tzl legains he s me i no tuef lgalc usons E ea r r ia soft elm e sofaca eofa ton, n s t r or e oncl i . Thr dba e ect l he e nt us ci s uppored by m e e c l or s a e e s do no s t e. I l 556 U . a 678; e a s W a t r onc us y t t m nt , t ufk ' qba , ' S. t &e l o g M or Dogs LLC v. r,68 F. 359,365( hCi. 2)(Ã§ t ughweaeco tane t e s Cozat 0 3d 4t r 201 Ã§ ho Al r nsr i d o tket f t i t lghtm os f vor bl t t pli if wenee nota e l alc usons a he ac s n he i t a a e o he a ntf, d cc pt eg oncl i c he a fcsorunwa rnt i ee e ,unras bl c usons o arume s' (nenal ouc d s a t ra ed nfrnc s e ona e oncl i , r g nt.) itr ' quottonmakso te .Thus i o de t s vi aRul 1 b)6)moi t c antmus ai r mitd) ,n r r o ur ve e 2( ( ton,he ompli t pr s nts f c e nonc us r f c ua a l a i t s e e uf i i nt oncl o y a t l leg tons o uppor a r a ona e i e e e t tt t e s bl nf r nc ha he pli ifi e ttedt r le a t de enda i la ef t unlwf ac oromi son aleg a ntf s n il o e if nd he f nt s ibl or he a ul t s i l ed. Se Frnci v.Gic l,588F. 1 196 197( hCi. e a s a omeli 3d 86, - 4t r 2009)(ii l ,556U. a 678ctng gbal S. t 79,a Goode v. nd n HowadCnt . d.954F. 960,969- ( hCi.1 (nba l. r v.M , 2d 70 4t r 992) e nc) De e mi ng whet ra c t r ni he ompli saesaplusbl c am f r le i Ã§ contxts ik t k ant t t a i e l i or ei f s Ã§ a e -pect as ta rq ie t erviwigc u tod a o is u iil x re ea d c mmo sns . I ba, h t e ur s h e e n o r t rw n t j dca e peinc n o n e e' q l ' 556 U . a 679. S. t 11 1. A . SherifO vert f on Sherf O ve t br ngs a m oton t di m i sco sla Il oft a e d co pl nt if ron i i o s s unt nd l he m nde m ai . Sherf Ove t as e t t the c nnotbe s d i hi of i i c pa iy. H e fz t ra g st the if ron s r s ha n ue n s f c al a c t trhe r ue ha c nno be he d vi rous y la e f t ac i of De y Pa t s bec us he w asnotShe i f a t l ca i l i bl or he tons put ter on a e rf ofFr nkln Count a t tm e oft a l ed s xua as a ta he ne rs r i e ore pl d a i y t he i he leg e l s ul nd ve upe v s d m oye 4 De y Pae s Oa r s put tr on. kes e pondst tÃ§ t t pr ha Ã§ her he operde e nti t s rf a t tmeof whe f nda s he he if t he i t t r ort s ifa t tm e oft l w s t...i one oftr ti pr s i ' Res t She i f he o t he herf t he i he a ui s i s m e s on. ' p. o r f O ve t n' M ot t Di m i s D kt N o.1 a 5. ro s .o s s , . 2, t Thea e m nded c ompl i doe no sa ecai sa ns She ifOve tn s fce t ant s t t t l m gai t rf ro ufi int o wihsa am oto t dimis.The a nded c t t nd in o s s me ompl i al ge onl sa e1 w cli sa i t ant le s y tt a am gans She ifOve t ditnguihi t sc s fom i t nc whe ecou t ha f und t ts c s rf ron, si s ng hi a e r nsa es r rs ve o ha uc es or labiiy ofas rf i a opra e.l Ki v.M c iln,No.7: v05 20 U. Dit i lt he if s ppr it n ng M la 05c 21, 06 S. s. LEXI 51 5 * - 20 6W L 21 6 7 * ( . Va J y2 , 0 6 , anifb o g taTil S 8 9, 12, 0 2 2 9, 1 W D. . ul 8 2 0 )pli tf r u h te VI a ton agans a s rf,a lgi a l ci i t he if le ng, mong ot rt ngs t tt s rf ha mai ai d ahosie he hi , ha he he if d nt ne tl wor e r k nvionme .Afe ane s rf t ofi ,t cour s tt e t ne s rf a t nt tr w he if ook fce he t ubsiut d he w he if s he d fn a t u s a tt Fe e a Ru eo Cii P o e u e25d .Then w s rf a g e t a t i e e d n p ru n o d r l l f v l r c d r () e heif r u d h t hs s tt i wa i o rbe us s wa no t f r e s rf ss c s wihi t mea ng ubsiuton s mpr pe ca e he s t he o m r he if uc es or t n he ni o Rul 2 ( ) Ho v r tec u t ee tdti a g me t c n ldigt a an w s eifi t f e 5 d . we e,h o r rj ce h s r u n , o cu n h t e h rf s he f m e s rf ss c s a i , he ef e,la eunde Til Vl i a aci f rda or r he if uc es or nd s t r or ibl r te I n n ton o mage .I ; s d. seas Brg sv. aes 4 5F. u p. d 5 , 1 - 6( D. . 0 6 .Sg iia ty wh l e lo i g W tr, 5 S p 2 08 5 551 E. Va 2 0 ) infc n l, ie t c ti Ki v.M c ilan s tt edt ne s rf i he ofi a ca ciy ast pli ips he our n ng M li ubsiut he w he if n r fcil pa t o antf Til Vl cai s t f r rs rf r ma ne a de e nti hi i vi lc pact a t te l l m , he o me he if e i d f nda n s ndi dua a iy s o pl i ifsot rcli s i l i sa e1w cli s antf he am , ncud ng t t a am . l t i tntc e, heonl cli a s td agans She ifOve t a e sa e1 w cai n he nsa as t y a ms s ere i t rf ron r tt a l ms f as a ta ba t r and gr sneg i nce. A ddii ly, a e She i fOve t di not or s ul nd te y os lge tona l bec us rf r on d s r i e orem pl D e y Pater on, he e i no bas salege t hol hi vi a i l la e f upe v s oy put ts t r s i l d o d m c rousy i bl or D e y Pa t r on' a l ged w r put te s s le ongfz a t . Si ia l be a e She i fOve t w a no She ifof t c s m l r y, c us l rf ron s t rf Fr nkln Count w he t e nt oc ur ed, he e i no ba i f ra g os ne i nce c ai r a e a i y n he ve s c r t r s s s o r s glge l m el t d t ove s engt s rf sde m e a s rf sde i durngt ttm e o r e i he he if pm nt nd he if putes i ha i . A c or ngl t c t ilgr ntSherf Ove t sm oton t di m i sco mt Ia I I o c di y, he our w l a if ron' i o s s t s nd I f t a e d com pl nt he m nde ai . B. W V RJ The W VRJbrngsamotont dimi sco I, c a s t ac am f rne i enc i i o s s unt l whi h s ers l i o glg e unde sa e t tl w . To s a e a cl i f ne i nc Oa sm us a l ge t e s e e ofa l gal r t t or a tt a m or glge e, ke t le he xi t nc e dut a br a h oft dut a pr m a ec us ton r s tng i dn a Ati Uni Owne s y, e c he y, nd oxi t a a i e uli n m ge. rum t r As ' v Kic 2 6Va 28 , 9 5 5S. 2 5 5 5 8( 0 3 .Oa e camsta t W vR.wa sn . n , 6 . 8 2 3, 8 E.d 4 , 4 2 0 ) k s li h t he l s t es t pons bl f t a por i .f m a e de ai es .f om t Fr nkln Coun y J i t t W VRJ, r i e or r ns tng. .e l t ne . .r he n i t a l o he ' ' a had adut t bo h l ur t s f t a s c iy ofa lprs r bengta pore t a nd y o t s ens e he a e y nd e urt l ione s i r ns td o nd fom t W VRJ' nd t Ã» upe viea m oniort vi niyoft W VRJ. Ame Compl r he 'a o t r s nd s t he ci t he ' ' nd. , Dk . 13,a !!58- TheW VRJa srst tiha nor ponsbiiyt ta por Oa t t No. - t 60. se t ha t d es i lt o rns t kes o t W VRJ I poi st Vigi aCodej53.- 1 whihpr dest tle c poltc l he . t nt o r ni 1 1 3, c ovi ha,Ã§a h iia s b iiinpat iaigi aji o j i fr s lbe rt c s o ta p rigisp io est u dv so ri p tn n al r al am hal a he o t f rns o t t rs n r o c n a fo t ej i o j i fr ' TheW vllf te ag e ta i ddn t mpo De uy nd r m h al r al am.4 ' t urh r r u s h t t i o e ly p t Pa tr o a ha no dut o powe t tai ors r s a s rf de y.The W VRJsa e i te s n, nd d y r r o r n upe vie he ifs put tt s t wa C i y t desi ton f ta porai n' a i notapr pe de e nt M o . o Dimi s s Ã§ mpl he tna i or r ns tto ' nd s s o r f nda . t t s s , D kt.N o.10,at4. 4I s n uppor oft ar e t tihadnor ponsbiiy f t tans r ofOake t isfciiy, t W vlla t he t he gum nt ha t es i lt or he r po t s o t a lt he t tac d aSer ieAgr em e t ism emor ndum i s rt m oton t dim is H owe r t c tc nno c i rt s vc e nt o t a n uppo of i o s s . ve , he our a t onsde hi d c me twi o trn fr n tepe dn moint dimisit asmmmyj d me t r c e n .S eFe . o u n t u ta so mig h n ig to o s s no u h u g n p o e dig e d R. Ci. l ()CÃ§lo amoinu e Rue1 b)6 o 1 ()matr o tietepedig aep ee tdt a dn t v P. 2d l n to nd r l 2( () r 2c, tes usd h la n s r rsne o n o t e cu e b t ec u ttemoinmusbetetda o efrs mmayjdg n u d rRue5 .Alpat smu t e x ld d y h o r,h to t rae s n o u r u me t n e l 6 1 ri s b e gve ara o a l o p rt t t p ee ta1 tra ta i p rie t otemoin) Ac odigy t c ut o s i n e sn be p o t y o rsn 1maeilh ts et n t h to . c r n l,he o r d e mi n no c i rt sdocum e i maki isr lng. t onsde hi nt n ng t ui 6 Thec ttfndst tOa sha notpl s tce f c ss otr i ha ke s ed ufi int a t howi t tt W VRJhadt ng ha he he d i a lged. De ut Pa tr on wasa s rf sde y ta po tng Oa fom ahol ng c li utes le p y te s he if put r ns ri kes r di el n Rocky M ount Vigi a,a ha notye a ve a t W vllwhe t al ge as a toc ure , r ni nd d t ni d t he t n he le d s ul c r d. l e De y Pa tr on Si e i l pa s d t ne es a y t n of 't t W VRJ a d o nde d, put te s Ã§ntntonaly s e he c s r ur f o he , nd r ve t ac u c paknglt Ame d. mp .Dk . .13 !3 Al g to o d t a c mpa id o h r h r i o . n Co l tNo - , 4. l ains f uy, c o ne , e by no f t s acual uppo t a e i ufi i ntt s r, r ns fc e o uppor ar as bl i e e et tt W VRJi la e. t e ona e nfr nc ha he s ibl Se Gic l,588F.d a 1 ( tngIbal556U. a 679,a Twombl 550U. a 55 e a omeli 3 t 93 cii q , S. t nd y, S. t 7) ( ngt taco anti i ufiinti i rle u n Ã§ ke ase tons' ndÃ§una ne fndi ha mpli s ns fce f t eis po s d sri 'a s dor d na concus yalgai 'de i ofCacua e nce nf).Furhe ,Oa s cam t tt W VRJ l or le tons' vod t t l nha me f t r ke ' li ha he f ld t pr ry tan ise oye t pr ve st to whe e amal de y ta pore a aie o ope l r i t mpl es o e nt iuai ns r e put r ns td f m aeprs ralnei i e l ione o s nappost a t r i no alegai t tDe y Pateron wa a ie, s he e s l ton ha put ts s n e pl e oft W VRJ. m oye he Ac or ngl t c t l gr ntt W VRJ' moto t dimi sc mt1 oft n e d c di y, he our wil a he S i n o s s ot 1 he m nde com pl nt ai . C . She i fH unt rf She ifHuntbrngsam oton t dim isc s1 11 a I oft n rf i i o s s ount , 1, nd V he mende c d ompli . ant ( )Cot 1 ViaiusLibiiv a StitLi lt 1 mt : c ro a lt nd rc abiiv. Theame nded c ompli al gest tDe y Pat r on' a s ul a ba tr oc ure whiehe ant le ha put te s s s a t nd te y c r d l wa o du y a aci wihi t s opeofhi e oyme a as rf sde y,a t tÃ§he s n t nd tng t n he c s mpl nt s he if put nd ha t t Fr i Count Sherf i srcl a via i l la e'f t a t ofDe y Pa tr on. nnkln y if s ti ty nd c rousy ibl ' or he c s put te s Ame Compl,DktNo.13,a ! 53- Then ndedc antas algesCa f me nd. . . - t ! 55. me ompli lo le Ã©s or r FrnklnCount She if ( rflHunti la ef hi ownacinsa i ci a a i y rf, Sheit s ibl or s to nd na tons nd vc zo syl befrDe t Patro sc nd c . .' 1 .a ! 5 - 6 ia iu l i l o puy tes n' o u t . . d, t ! 5 5 . a ' To s a e a cl i unde V i g ni 1 w t tShe ifHunti vi arous y la e f r De y tt am r r i a a ha rf s c i l i bl o put Pa t s sa lge c teron' le d onduc ont bassofr s t he i eponde s pe i ,Oa mus aleg t tt at u ror kes t l e ha he a s ul a ba tr oc ured whieDe y Pa tr on wa pe f mi hi e oye ' b i sa s a t nd te y c r l put te s s ror ng s mpl rs usnes nd a tng w ihi t s ope ofhi e pl e .5 See Bute v.Sout r St t s Coo l . 270 V a. ci t n he c s m oym nt lr he n a e p. nc , 459,465,620S. 2d768,773( E. 2005) s ealoCo r a Bus Syssl v.Bel h Se vs, ; e s mmecil . . nc. lsout r . lc, 4 Va 3 , 3 4 , 5 S. 2 2 , 6 ( 9 5 (un e t ed crneo rs n e n .2 9 . 9 4 - 4 4 3 E.d 61 2 5 1 9 ) t d r h o ti f epo d at t s pe i r a empl rm a be la ef a e oyee' t to co uc whe et aci t t t u ro , n oye y ibl or n mpl s ori us nd t r he tviy ha gavers t t t tousa wa wihi t s opeoft e oy nt' Scopeofe oyme ie o he ori ct s t n he c he mpl me .) ' mpl nt ha bee de i d asf l : s n fne olows Ge e al , n a ti wi nt es o o tee ly n i ()i wa e prsl o n r ly a c s t h c pe f h mpo me t f 1 t s x e sy r hi i ple y die t d by t e oye ,or i na u al i de t t busnes ,a m i dl r c e he mpl r s t z ly nci nt o he i s nd ( i waspef me at ug mitke y o iladvie y,wih t i e t 2) t ror d, lho h sa nl r l- s dl t he ntnt o f rhe t e pl ' i t r t o fom s e i u t r he m oyers n e es, r r om mpule oremoton t twas t s i ha he na ur lc eq nc ofa at mptt do t e oye ' busne s.... t a ons ue e n te o he mpl rs i s Ke i onAs ocae v.W es,234Va. 43 36 S. 2d 900,901( 98 .Howeve,i nsngt s its t 430, 2, 2 E. 1 7) rn ca e i vi awilula wr ula ofa empl yee s h a De y Pa tr on' aleg s s nvol ng lf nd ongf ct n o , uc s put te s s l ed s xuala s ul,a e oye m a behel la ee n i t c e s a t n mpl r y d i bl ve f he onduc wasnott ra n wih t t mde tke t he i e off r he i t e pl r si e es . Se Gi Chi & A s ocs v. r tU ni Ba 260 nt nt u t rng he m oye ' nt r t e na n s . Fi s on nk, Va 5 3 5 , 3 S. 2 5 3 5 7( 0 0 .Th S p e Co r o Vigni h sd fn dl blt . 3 , 41 5 7 E.d 7 , 7 2 0 ) e u rme u t f r i a a ei e i i y a i unde c r um s a esi vi aw ilula w r ula tofa e pl e,a f l w s: r ic t nc nvol ng lf nd ongf c n m oye s olo The c t.. ve l ours .ha ong snc de red fo t nle of non-i biiy of a i e pa t r m he l la lt n e pl r f w if l or m a i i a s ofhi e pl ee. Unde t m ode n vi m oye or l u lc ous ct s m oy r he r ew, t w if l s or w r ul m otve w hi h m oves a e pl e t com m i a he l u nes ongf i c n m oye o t n a twhih c us sijzyt at id p ro d e n to i efe u et ee l y rs c c a e nt o hr es n o s o f t l xc s h mp o e' r s la lt t r or The t s of la lt i not t motve of t e o i biiy he ef . et i biiy s he i he mpl yee i n 5I K ofm a v. Ga n t, 6 Va 1 5 4 S. 2 2 8( 0 3 ,heS p e Co to Vigni e plie t a t Ã§ o t n f n r et 2 5 . 2, 7 E.d 5 2 0 ) t u r me m' f r i a x an d h t he s r t ofa s ul consssofanac i e edt c us eihe ham f o ofe i c ac w ih a he pe s or sa t it t ntnd o a e t r r ' r fnsve ont t t not r r on ul a e nsonofs contc,andt tceaesi t tohe pes sm i ar s bl a e nson ofa i m i t ppr he i uch at ha r t n ha t r ron' nd ea ona e ppr he i n m nen b tey' l . t1 a 2 (i to o te ) Th Co r d fn dtetr o batr a Ã§ nu wa tdtu hn whih atr . d a 6, t 61 ct in mitd . e u t eie h o t f tey s t n ne o c ig c ' a a i n i e c ne tdt , x usd n rusiid. l (iain o te ) s et r o sne o e c e , o j tte ' d.ctt s mitd . h ' o c mitng t a tc om ti he c ompli d of butwhehe t ta twa wihi t s ope of ane , t r ha c s t n he c t dutes ofe oyme a i t e c i of t s r i e f r whih he was he i mpl nt nd n he xe uton he e v c o c engaged. Pl n rv. n e Ps c arss 2 2Va 2 3 2 623 4 6 S. 2 1 2, 7 ( 9 6 ( u t t me Ce tr y hitit, 5 . 3 , 3 - 7, 7 E.d 7 1 4 1 9 ) q oi u ng CommecilBusnes Syse ,249Va. t45,453S. 2da 26 .Thus t rl ntts t r a i s tms a E. t 6) ,he eeva et o dee newhe he s h co uc i wihi t s ope ofe oy e i twhehe t s r i is l, tnni t r uc nd t s t n he c mpl m nt s t t r he e vce te f i whi t t tousa twa do ,wa wihi t or na y cou s o t e pl r sbusne s' n ch he ori c s ne s t n he di r r e f he m oye ' i s. ' Bli v Dee d rS r s, n .3 6F.d6 3 6 7( t Ci. 0 4 (uoain o te ) seas ar . fn e e v .I c, 8 3 2 , 2 4h r 2 0 ) q tto s mitd ; e lo Mc l v.Spi e ,l Va.685, 4- 62 S. 2d 1 1 ( 95 (ft sr ntse a i Neil ndlr 91 69 695, E. 3, 8 1 0) 1 he e va tps sde fom hi m a t rsbusne sa i e r s se ' i s nd s ngag i a i pe ntve ur ofhi own,her lton of ed n n nde nde nt e s t e ai ma t a s r a i frt tmes pe d.. ser nd e v nt s o he i us nde ) W h na e l y n r lto hpi etbih d t i ce t saprmaf cerb ta e e n mp o me t eains i s sa ls e ,h s r ae i a i e u tbl pr s pton oft e pl r sla lt Gi Chi & A s ocs , V a. t542,537 S. 2d a e um i he m oye ' i biiy. na n s . 260 a E. t 577- (Ã§ he t pli ifpr e se de es fce t s t e se ofa e oye78 t n he antf esnt vi nc ufiint o how he xitnce n mpl r W e o e r lto s i s eh se tbls e aprmaf cec s tig rn ap eu to o mply e eain hp, h a sa ih d i a i a e rg eig r s mpin f la lt ' .Thebur n i t nont e oye t pr t tt e oyeewa nota tngwihi ibiiy.) ' de s he he mpl r o ove ha he mpl s ci t n t sopeofhi e oyme whe hec he c s mpl nt n ommitdt t t Jz;Ke i t Asocit , Va a te he or. # . nsncon s aes 234 . t 433,362 S. 2d a 9 9Br ddus v.St nda d D r Co,211 Va.6 653- 1 S. 2d 497, E. t 01 oa a r uz 45, 54, 79 E. 5 4( 9 ) M c il 1 Va a 6 5 6 S. 2da 1 .Ã§ f h d v ai nfo tegmp o e ') 0 1 71; Nel, 91 . t 9 , 2 E. t 8 s t e e ito r m h e l y rs l busne si s i ton t o ha orm a ke a unus lo t ot r t i s i f rt c t i s s lgh he ne nd, r d nd ua n he he , he s ue s o he our . W h r t ef cspa et c s bewe nt o et e te s teq e to i f rt jty. ee h a t lc he a e t e h s wo xr me ,h u sin s o he t ' r ' M c l,1 Va. t695,62 S. 2d a 1 Dr kev. f k St m La v Cor ,1 Va.35 Neil 91 a E. t 8; a Norol ea undr p. 35 4, 11 S. 668. 6 E. She ifH unta guest tt c ts d tnd on a m o i t dim i st tDe y rf r ha he our houl i ton o s s ha put Pa t r o wasnota tng w ihi t s ope ofhi em pl ym e . l s te s n ci t n he c s o nt n uppor oft s a glm e , t hi r l nt Sherf Ht a tm p st ditnguih Pl e v.Ce t rPs hitit,252 Va 233,476 S. 2d if mt te t o si s umm r n e yc a rss . E. 1 a He kenl bl v. Pe ns aRec' J l491F. 72, nd c ai e Va. ni ul l ai. supp.2d5 ( D. 2007) I 44 E. Va. .n Pl m er t Supr m e Cour ofV igi a he d t ta a l a i t tt e pl e t r pi thad um , he e t r ni l ha n leg ton ha he m oye he a s e ngag i a i pr rs xualr l to hi wih apa intsaed ac us ofa ton a i thi ed n n m ope e e ai ns p t te t t a e ci ga ns s e pl ye u rt dodrneofr s m o r nde he i eponde s pe i at u ror.She ifHt a g st t i t tc s ,t r rf mt r ue ha , n ha a e he e wasa al ga i t tt t r pitsS duc ton, xpe ince, nd knowl n le ton ha he he a s ' t a i e re e a edgeoft pli if' he antf e bldhi t Sloovec )he wils t ts wa una et ac wih volto ' I a 237. na e m o Ã»t rome r l o ha he s bl o t t iin.' d. t She ifHunta s rst tÃ»mlket ... yc ogitss xua a sul i Plz r ( put rf s et ha t i he ps hol s' e l sa t n lmme ,De yj t Pa t s sa lge s xualas a ti t sc s wa no ac i ofo teron' le d e s ul n hi a e s t rme pporuniy,m o i t d by a t t tvae n i pul e t ta os fom hi dute .' o . o D i m i s Dkt N o. a 5. H owe r t Supr m e m s ha r e r s i s ' M t t s s , . 25, t ve , he e Cour ofV igi a' decs o i M aor nav.Cr Ce .Per e Com . i i t uctve on t s t r ni s ii n n i a own nt tol um , s nsr i hi - poi : nt W hl wen t d i Plmme ta t emoin f rj g n i t a c s c nan d ie oe n u r h t h to o ud me t n h t a e o ti e s ik al ga i of cic sa e t t f iiatd t wr u a t whi h pect le tons r um tnc s ha aclt e he ongf l c c c u e tepanifsij r ,h s alg to swe en tds stv t o rd cso . a s d h li tf' nu y te e le ain r o ipo iie o u e iin The s e i s i t t c e w a w he he t ti l c t e r d by hol ng, as a ol s ue n ha as s t r he r a our r e di matro lw,h t h moinf r u me t i no saetene e sr ee n so te f a t a t e to o j dg n d d t tt h c say lme t f rs eponde s pe i wihi is f c ua al gai . Cla l t moton f at u ror t n t a t l le tons e ry, he i or j d me t h r c nan a alg to o a ij r c u e b te wilu a d u g n ee o tis n le ain f n nu y a s d y h l l n f wr u a t a empl ongf l c n oyee commit i t coure of t e oye ted n he s he mpl rempl e oye r a i hi and w ihi t s ope of hi e pl e . I alege t t B a ns w a el tons p t n he c s m oym nt t l s ha i s Cr s e oye t t he a s ule M ao a a hi rgulr plc of own' mpl e, ha s a td j r na t s e a a e empl e ,a t t he di s whie he wa pe f mi t busnes of hi oym nt nd ha d o l s ror ng he i s s e pl r f whi s was t e oye ' c t m oye or ch he he mpl rs usomer Thus as we s i i . , ad n Pl m e ,a t s s a of t pr ce di ,t e s m pl ar no s t i nt f c s um r t hi t ge he o e ngs her i y e t ufk e a t w hi h w oul pe m i us t hol as a m a t r of l w ,t tt de enda has m e is c d r t o d, te a ha he f nt tt bur n of s i t t is e pl e w a no a tng wihi t s de how ng ha t m oye s t ci t n he cope of hi s em pl ent. oym 260Va. ,527( 521 2000) . 10 l He ke abl t c t l t twheherac r ctonalofi e wa a tng wihi t n c nli e,he our hed ha t ore i fc r s c i t n he s o eo h se ly n wh nh sxu lya sul d ap io ri h rc l wa aj r is .4 c p f i mpo me t e e e al sa t rs ne n e el s u y sue 91 e F. supp. 5 SheifHunte 2d 44. rf mphasz t c tsfndi t tÃ§lhec rci lofie ') ies he our' i ng ha Ã§t ore tona fc rs i mpulet ha s xualc ac wihHec nl i ema we lha a ie a l s i pa t fo t s o ve e ont t t ke abl y l ve rs n, t ea t n r, r m he fc t thewa rquie t viw Hec nl bl whies wa uncot di t s r' J a a t ha s e rd o e ke ai e l he s l he n he howe . Z t ' 551 H owe r t Hec nl i e c ta s no e t t . ve , he ke a bl our l o t d ha : El c erfe t ast tonwhees ca crumsa esr ltd t emplyme t 'hel as elcs iuai r pe il ic tnc eae o o n fcltt t al ed i e i lt t ( c rci ofke)co d notha a iiaed he leg ntntona or. The ore tonal t r ul ve r a he Hec nl i e wihi t c i of he c l we e i not f r hi ec d ke a bl t n he onfnes r el r t o s e pl e w ih t J i Aut iy. A l o, n a m oym nt t he a l hort s i nnounc ng t the was e t r ng he i ha ne i r c lt c el o onduc as ac (hecore tona ofie qagua y usd t a hort of t e rh, t rci l fc r r bl e he ut iy hi ofi e t a om pls t wr ngf a t Suc f c s w e gh sr y aga ns s fc o cc ih he o ul c . h a t i tongl i t r s vi t s ope of em pl e t i s ,as a m a t r of l w ,i f vor of t J l e ol ng he c oym n s ue te a n a he ai Aut iy. hort J Za 55 Si lry,De yPatronwo dno ha ha ac e st Oa s a s csc ly #. t 2. mial put tes ul t ve d c s o ke , nd pe i al a ce st he a one,i t m i e oft ni , e e i notf hi e pl m e a a s r f ' c s o rl n he ddl he ght w r t or s m oy nt s he if s de y. put Thi cour ma uli ael de e m i t t asam a troflw , i pr pe l pl cng s t y tm t y t r ne ha , te a by m o ry a i Oa si t fonts a ofhi own s r i eve c ea drvi pa tt W VRJt ac c pa ki ke n he r et s e v c hil nd i ng s he o hur h r ng 1 w ih t s cii pur e ofs ot t he pe f c pos exua l a s uli Oa ,De y Pa t s e ge i a ly s a tng kes put ter on nga d n n i pe n ve ur ,s pe ng t r l ton ofm a t ra s r nt Se B l i v. e ende nde nde t nt e us ndi he e a i s e nd e va . e a r D f r S r s.n .3 6F.d 6 , 2 (t Ci. 0 4 ( u tto o te ) s eas M c il 1 Va a e v .Ic, 8 3 23 6 7 4 h r 2 0 ) q o ains mi d ; e lo Nel, 91 . t t 694- ( heee oye ha e r tdt e oye wih atu kt rm as ct e rnda 695 W r mpl r d ntuse he mpl e t r c o t pe ik ra nd ha gi nhi s cii i tu tonswhe et r t n i,a t e oyeeha diobe t d ve m pe fc nsr c i r o e ur t nd he mpl d s yed he i t u tonsa drve t tuc t a he pa toft t c ry o ape s lma tr am a ke nsr c i nd i n he r k o not r r own o a r ut r ona te , r d de ai wa s viton s hown)6I ed,Sherf Hl aguest tDe yPatron' a tonswee . nde if mt r ha put te s s ci r 6Thesupr cour ofv igi asaed i Gi chi & As oc , 260 Va. t542- asf l : eme t r ni tt n na n s s a 43, olows 11 l e e t t d' i t thetg oom e he f i;hedio ye ... de sa sa r ' m dia e ' n ha pr sr d r or t s be d or r nd tnda d ta poratonpr t ol...a de aedfom hi rgul rut t t j i.'SheifHun ' M ot rns t i ooc nd vit r s e ar o e o he al' rf ts . t D i m i s D k . o.25,a 5. H owe r f t r de l pm e oft r cor i ne de t m a t s o s s, tN t ve , urhe ve o nt he e d s e d o ke hi de e naton. t nni i Assa e unde Vigi a lw,Oake ne d onl esa ih a e o e r a i hi t t t d, r r ni a s e y t bls n mpl ym nt eltons p o ce t aprmaf i r b ta l p eu to o t ee ly rsla ii Oa e h salg dt a rae i ace e utbe r s mpin f h mpo e ' iblt y. k s a le e h t De y Pat r on wasa e oye ofShe ifHunta t tm eoft al ge s xuala s ul. put te s n mpl e rf t he i he le d e sa t Ame Compl,DktNo.1 3, t! 5,7.Thec tfndst t a t ssa i t pr e ng, nd. . . - a ! our i ha, t hi tge n he oce di a wihoutye ha ngt o nd t t vi he pporuniy t ofe e de eouti oft pladi ,She ifHt t t o f r vi nc sde he e ngs rf mt ha no me hi bur n ofs s t t s de howi t tDe y Pat r o wasnota tng wihi t s opeofhi ng ha put te s n ci t n he c s em pl ent oym . Ac or ngl t c t ildeny She ifHuntsm oton t dimisc c di y,he our w l rf ' i o s s ountIoft n nded he me c ompl i r r ng vi a i la lt o t bassofr s ant ega di c rous ibiiy n he i eponde s pe i at u ror. To t e en Oa sa s rsacli i c he xt t ke s e t am n ountIa i tShe ifHuntf rsrc gans rf o ti t la lt f rDe t Pat r on' aci ns t c t l gr ntShe ifHt ' moto t dimis ibiiy o pu y te s s to ,he our wil a rf mts i n o s s . S eAme d. mp . 5 (t n kl Co ny S eifi srcl .l bl f rt e .a t o De u y e n Co l ! 4 Ã» n i u t h rf s tity..a e o h ..cs f p t Fr n i Patro ) l W e t r ln v. o 8 3F. u p 6 , 7( D. .1 9 )t ec u t ee td te s n. n smo ea d Br wn, 8 S p . 7 7 E. Va 9 5 ,h o r rj ce Ad te l,t tilc u tsts ma b p riual df ti c ssi whih te ij r i mitdy he ra o r' ak y e a t lry it n ae n c h nu y s c kul ca e by a i entona, ofen c i na, t tous a whih cla l wo d not have be us d n nt i l t rmi l ori ct c e ry ul en co emplt by t e oye asbei wihi t s nt aed he mpl r ng t n he cope ofe o mplymen ,bu whih nonehel s t t c t es was pero me i i nt t t empl nt and eve f clt e t e f r d ncde o he oyme n a iiatd herby. Such c es i as nvoke consderton ofw hehe t e e pl i ai t r h m oyeede aed fo t sc ofhi empl e bec us ofa vit r m he ope s oym nt a e n e er ,i xt nal ndepe nt a pe s nalmotvet dot ac upo hi own acc nt I t r ga d,we nde , nd r o i o he t n s ou . n hat e r ha ditnguihe bewe t m otve of t e pl e a t r eva quesi whehe t ve si s d t en he i he m oye nd he el nt ton t r he s r cepero med wasw ihi t s opeofe plym e . l m a ng t sditncin,weha hel e vi fr t n he c m o nt n ki hi si to ve d t tt m otve of t e plye i c ha he i he m o e n omm itng t a compli of i notdee m i tve of ti he ct aned s tr nai whehe i t plc w ihi t s ope of te empl e r ltons p. Rahe ,t is i t r t ook a e t n he c h oym nt ea i hi t r he s ue s wh t rte s r ie is l i whih t et riu a twa d ne wa wihn t o d n r c u s o ehe h e v c t et n c h o t s c s o , s t i he r i ay o re f l o s h busne s uc i s. (nen l u tto sa dctt nso te ) itr a q oain n iai mi d . o t 12 pli ifscli t tt s rf wa ttityla ef t co uc of( de yltke unde antf am ha he heif s Ã§ rcl ibl or he nd t a put a n s r c lro lw'a dt ee o eCib ef rteatc a an tglitf , oht e j1 8 a du d r oo f a ' n h r fr Ã§a l o h ta k g is panit b t md r 9 3 n n e l l s a e 1 w ofas a ta ba t y. The a e d c pl i doe no s fc e l a l ge t t tt a s ul nd ter ' ' m nde om a nt s t ufi i nty le ha De y Pa tr on wa a tng unde t pr t ns ofhi a ho iy a ade y whe hec put te s s ci r he e e e s ut rt s put n omm itd te tealg ds x a a s uta ans Oa s7 S eW e t r 1nd, F. h le e e u l s a l g i t ke . e smo ea 883 Supp a 7 - 8(s e i t 7 7 i p cf l k . l ua i t sr c la lt de i i alo s ang ge n he ti t i biiy c s ons s uppor st r a ng t tt de y m us ac unde t he e di ha he put t t r t prtns oft a hort ofhi ofket ce t src la lt ') Oake 'a sri t t he ee e he ut iy s t o rae tit ibiiy. . ' s se tons ha De y Pat r on wasca ng outFr i Count She ifsbusnes i ta po tng Oa st put te s nyi nnkln y rf' i s n r ns ri ke o t W VRJ wa dr s ed i hi t f r ,a wa c ryi afr ann do notesa ih t tDe y he , s e s n s mio m nd s a r ng ie t bls ha put Pa t s pur t d t ha l w f laut iy t s xua l a s ul he . M or ter on por e o ve a u hort o e ly s a t r eove ,t n e r he m nded c ompl i doe no a lget tOa spe c i d De y Pat r ont ha s h lwf la hort ant s t le ha ke r e ve put te s o ve uc a u ut iy. Ac r ngl t t e e t tc co di y, o he xtnt ha ountIalege ac am f rsrc la lt a i tShe if l s l i o ti t ibiiy ga ns rf Hunt t co tgr nt She ifHuntsmoton t dim is , he ur a s rf ' i o s s. ( Co lI- Gr sNe i nc 2) unt l os glge e To sa eacli f gr sne i e e Oa mus al get t de e nte tt am or os glg nc , kes t le hat he f nda ngag i ed n c onduc t te bie d heute dir ar ofpr nc a t ha xhi t d t t t r seg d ude e mountngt c plt neg e toft i o om e e l c he sft ofa he . Vol v.CivofLe ngo 281Va.630,6 708S. 2d 8 8 ( 1; aey not r' pe t ' xi tn, 39, E. 24, 28 201 ) s as CiyofLvnc cv. own,270Va 1 61 S. 2d407,41 ( ee lo t hbur Br . 66, 3 E. 0 2005)( os Gr s 1Oake ct t f Vigi asaec tde sonsf t pr posto t ta s rf i srcl la ef hi de y' s ies o our r ni t t our cii or he o iin ha he if s tity ibl or s put s c n u ta iiweehso S eMo b sAd rv Mob sAd r 5 Va 58 , 0 (8 3 (csa dd fut o a o d c s ft r i wn. e s y' m' . sy' m', 0 . 4 6 3 1 5 ) a t n ea ls f d p t , ooeot iaec nsd r di lw teat a dd fut o s rf Mo r ' Ad rv Da e ,1 Va 1 7 e uy c lr fki, r o iee n a h cs n ea l f heig; o es m' . wn y 3 . 2 , s 1 2( 8 )(a lo su o s eifa dd p t a o ep ro ) Jme v M' b i 6Va 2 3 2 4( 8 0) s rf 3 1 08 lw o k p n h rf n e uy s n esn ; a s . Cu bn, . 7 , 7 1 0 (heif sal n we cvl fral cso hsd puy ;M ie v J n s5 Va 5 4, 0 ( 8 3 .Ho v r a dsu sd h la s r iil o 1a t f i e t) l r . o e, 0 . 8 6 2 1 5 ) we e, s ic se y l a bove,i W esmor a 883F.Supp.a 77- t co tf n t elnd, t 78,he ur ound t tt de ymus a tunde t prtns oft ha he put tc r he ee e he a toi o hi ofc t cet s c la it.Fu temoe i Mo b sAd nitao,h c u tttddh e c i uh rt f s fie o rae kitibly rh r r,n s v' mi srtrte o r sae t ln e t y i g i,ha te( se)i n v rla l frh u a h rz d wi u o maiiusa t rtep s o tesr a t. 5 Va s t th matr s e e ibe o te n uto ie , l l r l o c o rsa s fh lev nq' 0 . f c ' a 6 3; tsePlmme, 5 Va a 2 6(Thec u t . . a eln sn ed p re fo t r l o n nla ii o t 0 Bu e u r2 2 . t 3 $ o rs . h v o g ic e atd rm he ue f o -ibly f t t a e o e frwi'l rmaiiu a t of i e ly e' . n mply r o lu o lco s cs hs mpo e .) f ' 13 ne i nc Ã§ sahee e sa pal bl vi ai n oflga du y r pe tng t rght ofot r .l i glge e Ã§ i dl s nd pa e olto e l t es c i he i s he s t s wa to e e s a t aea n u t t tea e c o sih dlg n e' (n en lctto a d n f v n c n c r nd mo n s o h bsn e f lg t iie c .) itr a iain n ' quottonmaksomitd) ai r te .Unde Vigi alw,gove n nt a nt aei r r ni a r me al ge s r mmunefom s tf r ui or s m pl ne i nce butnotf r g os ne i nc Gr n v.l n , V a.281 290i e glge o r s glge e. ee nar m 269 , 291, 608 S. 2d91 ( E. 7 2005) . Thea e d co pl ntal st ti pon i onnaton and bti f' put Pa tr on ha m nde m ai lege ha Ã§ u nf i le De y te s d ahit y durnghi e oyme oft ha ng i ppr i t y t r f m a eprs r' a sor i s mpl nt < vi na oprael owa d e l ione s' nd, be prort hi as a tofOa s ha be n Ã§nvesi t d f ot ri t nc ofs xualy ofe i i o s s ul ke , d e s tga e or he nsa es e l f nsve i b ha ir' Ame d Co l, tNo. - , t 6 e vo . ' n . mp .Dk . 13 a ! 4. Thea e d compl ntdoe no s iy wha t sdna r it be vi 'c it o , m nde ai s t pecf t hi t pp opra e ha or' onssed f i cl r f w he he D e y Hunte ge i s h be vi rw hie he wasa s r f ' de t or a iy t r put nga d n uc ha o l he if s pu y, co r nty a l ge t tShe i fHuntkne a he e l le ha rf w bouts h ii ppr i t beha o . The am e d uc 'na opr a e vi r ' ' nde compl i f t ra lgest tt Fr nkln Co y She ifbr ac d isdu i st ove s et ant urhe le ha he n i unt rf e he t te o r e he Fr nkln Count She i f sdeputes i l ng r s nsbiiy f hii t a ni a fr ng,a a i y rf i , nc udi e po i lt or rng, r i ng, nd ii s wel sisd te t k e Oa e s f whl s ewa ap era d tie .l a ! 6 - 7 Fn l , l a t u is o e p k s a e ie h s r til ean e d. t ! 5 6 . ial y t a e d compl ntsm pl sa e , t he m nde ai i y t t s wihouts cii f t s pe fc acual uppo t ha : rt t g h rf Hun ' lx,n ifr n, r syn gie ta dr c ls ma n ro rlnig s eit ts a idfe e tg osl e lg n n e ke s n e f l n l n t Fr nkln Coun y She ifs De rm e c e t d a e r he n i t rf pa t nt r a e n nvionme ofe il me nt ntte nt a l wls ne s a nd a e s s mong t de i t t e he putes ha mbol ne De y Pa tr on t de d put te s o s xualy vi a e a f m a e prs r w ihout s fci nt f a of r pr s lt de e hi e l ol t e l i one t uf i e e r e i a o t r m f om hi pr da i . r s e tons Ame . mp .Dk . .13 !6 Theealg to sd n tsaeacam f rg o sn gi e c . nd Co l, t No - , 9. s le ain o o tt li o r s e lg n e Se U. AilnePiot As ' v. ppa LLC,61 F. 31 31 ( h Ci.201 (uoi e S. ri l s sn Awa . 5 3d 2, 7 4t r 0) q tng Twombl 550U. a 556)( di t tt c aitmus pr e Ã§ no hf tt riea y, S. t hol ng ha he ompl n t esnt Ã§ ug ac o as e ras bl e caint tdic r wilrve e de e'oft alge a i t ). e ona e xpe tto ha s ove y l e al vi nc ' he le d ctviy' 14 Ac or ngl t c t ilgr ntShe ifHun ' moton t dim isr ar ng c c di y,he our w l a rf ts i o s s eg di ount11 1. ()CountI -i1 3 V 983 Toetbls la lt unde j1 3, pli ifmus s t tt defnda , tngunde sa ih ibiiy r 98 a antf t how ha he e ntaci r c orofl vi a e t pl ntf f r lc tt i orsaut r rght,a t e c us d ol aw, olt d he ai ips ede a onsiutonal t t o y i s nd her by a e ij r Br wnv. th l, 0 F. p 2 6 2, 9 ( D. . 0 4 .S cin 1 3i av hce nu y. o Mic el 3 8 Su p. d 8 6 2 E. Va 2 0 ) e to 98 s e il f t vi c ton ofpr e si f r lrght r t rt n a i pe nts c ofs t ntve or he ndi a i e- xitng ede a i s ahe ha n nde nde our e ubsa i rg s I She ifHuntmovest dimisOa scai unde 42U. C.j 1 a i thi i iht. d. rf o s s ke l m r S. 983, gans m n hi i vi s ndi dualc pa iy,on t g oundst the i entte t qua ii d i m uniy. She ifH u a ct he r ha s il d o lfe m t r f nt a g st the i e il d t q lfe i muniy be a ea r as bl ofi ri hi posto woul r ue ha s ntte o uaii d m t c us e ona e fce n s iin d notha knownt thi a tonswer unlwf l SeeShaw v.Stoud,13F. 791 8 ( hCi. ve ha s ci e a u. r 3d , 01 4t r 199 ( pr t ta ofie lc quaiidi miy,apli ifmus s i e ala,ha 1 4) To ove ha n fc r a ks lfe mmt t antf t how,ntr i t tÃ§ a ra o a l pes ni ( eo fc rs p sto wo l ha ek o ta hi a to sweeu lwf l'. e s n be ro n t fie 'l o i n u d v n wn h t s cin r na u .l h i ' Oa hasnote t bls d t tar as kes sa ihe ha e onabl pe s i She ifHuntsposton wo d ha e r on n rf ' ii ul ve kno t thi a i we eunl wf .The n nde c wn ha s ctons r a ul me d ompl i doe no a uael a lget t ant s t deq t y le ha She ifHuntw a awar ofpr o s xua m i cond tby D e y Pa t r on,or t tpr o s xual rf s e ir e l s uc put te s , ha i r e m ic s onduc e n occ r Then e d co pl ntm e ey alege t tShe ifHt f ie t t ve ured. m nde m ai r l l s ha rf mt a ld o esabls pr dur s whi h lwoul have r vea ed De t Pa t s n' hi t r ofi ppr i t t i h oce e c s d e l pu y ter o s s o y na opra e beha ort r f m al i a e and/ t f c t tDe t Pa t r o w ast t r e ofpr vi vi owa d e e nm t s or he a t ha pu y te s n he a g t e ous i si tonsofs xua l ofe i conduc or des t knowldg ofs h be vi rand or nve tga i e ly f nsve t , pie e e uc ha o / i si tonsi vi De y Pa tr on,r t ni De y Pa tr on a pe mitnghi t nve tga i nvol ng put te s eai ng put te s nd r ti m o h vet u r ie a c s t fmaed tie s' Ame d. mp.Dk . .13 a !7 .Th a ms pevs d c e s o e l ean e . ' n Co , t No - , t 9 e am e d c pl i doesno i c t wha t i na r pr a e be vi ' i ve whe i nde om a nt t ndi a e t he t pp o i t ha or' nvol d, n t i occ r e w ho c u r d, onduc e t i tga i , t out m e ofs h i s i tons t d he nves i tons or he co uc nve tga i . 15 Furher or e n as um i qualf e i m t iy doe no a y,Oa hasnota l ge a t m e, ve s ng ii d m m t s t ppl kes le d t bls upe v s y i biiy s t c e c a m f r s r s y la lt a i tSherf H u . T o es a i h s r i or la lt , ufi i nt l i o upe vi or i biiy ga ns if nt8 apl ntf mus s w:()t tt s r iorha acualorc t ci knowl t thi ai if t ho 1 ha he upe vs d t onsnztve edge ha s s di t wase age i c ubor nae ng d n onduc t tpos d ape va i a t e ona ers of t ha e r sve nd mr as bl ik c n ttto a ij r t ctz n l et epanif ( )ta t es p r io ' r s o s t t t o si in lnu y o iie s i h litf; 2 h t h u e vs rs e p n e o ha u k k nowl dge w a s i deq t ast s e s o na ua e o how de i r t i f e e e t ort c ta ho i a i oft lbe a e ndif r nc o a i ut r z ton he alge ofe i pr cies a ()t tt r wasa afr tvec us llnkbewe nt le d fnsve a tc , nd 3 ha hee n fimai a a i t e he s p r io ' ia to a dtepat ua c nsiuin lnu ys fee bytep anif S a 1 u e vs rs n cin n h ri lr o ttto a ij r u fr d h litf h w, 3 c F. a 799(ntr lquottonmaksomit ) Thepl ntf a sl sahe vybtr n ofpr i 3d t i e na ai r ted . ai if slme a tde oofn esabls ng dei r t i fe e e be a e: t ihi lbe a e ndif r nc c us o dnaiy ( epanit c n ts tsyhi b r no p o fb p itn t asn l r i rl , t litf a no aif s ude f r o y on ig o ig e h l i i ntoriol ed i i nt ,f r a s pe vs c r be e pe t d t pr m ul t nc de s at nc de s o u r ior a mot x c e o o gae r l a pr edur s c r ng e r c ei bl oc ur e e wihi t a e ofhi u es nd oc e ove i ve y onc va e c r nc t n he r a s r pons biii s N orc n he r s na y be e c e t gua d a i tt de i r t es i lte . a ea o bl xpe t d o r ga ns he lbe a e c i i la t ofhi pr ry tai d e pl e w he he ha no ba i upon whi h r m na c s s ope l r ne m oye s n s ss c t a ii t t m iconduc . A s r s ' co i o ntcpae he s t upe viors ntnued i c i i t f c of na ton n he a e docume e wi s e a es howe r pr vi a i pe nt bass f r nt d de pr ad bus , ve , o des n nde nde i o fndi heeihe wa d i r t y i fe e orac es d i t consi i ly i ng t r s elbe ael ndif r nt qui ce n he tmtona l ofe i c f ns ve onduc ofhi s t s ubor na e . di t s laa 799( i Slka v. tr 737F. 368, 73( h Ci.1 4). k.t quotng a n Pore , 2d 372- 4t r 98 ) The a e d c m nde ompli a lgest tShe ifHunta t wih de i r ei fe e by a nt le ha rf ced t lbe at ndif r nce f lngt e t bls o e or pr e e whi woul ha r ve l De y Pa tr o shit y aii o sa ih r nf ce oc dur s ch d ve e aed put te s n' sor ofti ppr it be vi , a wo d ha pr ve ed De y Pa tr o fo bo h ta pori tna opra e ha or' nd ul ve e nt ' put te s n r m t r ns tng 8W hieDe y Pa t s salgeds xua asa tofOa vi ae acea l esa ihedconsiutonalrght She if l put teron' le e l sul kes oltd l ry tbls tt i i , rf Hu tcn o b h l vc ro sy l befrDe uyPatro sc n u tu d rj1 8 .S eFih rv. s izo n a n t e ed iaiu l i l o p t tes n' o d c n e 9 3 c s e Wahn tn a Mer oia AraTrn iAuho.6 0F.d 1 3 ,14 43(t Ci.1 8 ) S cin 1 3rq rsas o n o top l n e a st t r, 9 2 1 3 1 2- 4h r 9 2 ( e to 98 e ui h wig f t e pe s lful ont pa tofad e ant ba edeihe ont defnda ' peronalc r ona a t he r efnd , s t r he e nts s onduc ora he ' co uc i t not rs nd t n e c to of h d fn a tsp i iso c so ) S rc lrv W ae s 98 F.d 1 7 ,1 8 ( t Ci.1 9 )(h rf xe u i n t e e e d n ' ol e r u t ms; tik e . tr, 9 2 3 5 3 7 4 h r 9 3 s e if c s e p ru n t Se to 1 8 S a n tb h l v c ro syla l f ra y c nd c o h ss b r i ae ' ; v nev u d u s a t o ci n 9 3 t n o e ed ia i u l ib e o n o u t f i u o dn t s' Re e . c ) Ch re Co n yCo 's 8 2F. 8 0 8 4( t Ci.1 8 )(le ai nof n de u t tanig wa o y b sso al s u t mm r , 8 2d 7 , 7 4h r 9 9 alg to i a q ae r i n s nl a i n whih t hol s ifla eG a eno cl m i m a t thewasdiecl i ve ...a t ei no vi rous c o d herf ibl Ã§ us bec ai s de ha r ty nvol d nd her s cai la ii u de j1 8 ' . ib l y n r 9 3' t ) 16 Oa i hi s vieve cea Ã§ viti fo a opraeprs rta porai pr ocol' kes n s er c hil nd Ã§ alngl rm ppr it ione rns tton ot . de ' Ame Compl,DktNo.13, t!79.Ho r Oa s rfr et De t Patro shit y nd. . . - a weve, ke ' eeenc o puy tes n' sor ofti ppr i t beha o ' a t e ousi si to ofs xualy ofe i c sna oprae vi r' nd d vi nve tgai ns e l f nsve onduc 'doe no pr t' s t s fce l a l e wha t be vi ri ve whe t i tga i oc ured,heoutom eof ufi inty leg t he ha o nvol d, n he nvesi tons c r t c t i tga i ,ort tShe ifHuntkne a he nvesi tons ha rf w boutt s uns c fe be vi sori tgai he e pe ii d ha or nvesi tons a s d ha a i i t d Deput Pa t r on' alege c i i a t Thes ba e a l ga i , nd houl ve ntc pa e y te s s l d rm nal c . e r le tons wihou f c ua s t t a t l uppor orde al,l a onl t sngl i de ofas a ta i tOa sa s t t t is e ve y he i e nci nt s ul ga ns ke s e f t i t a nde c ait a ca ts tcinty etbls la lt t rj1 3. orh n he me d ompl n, nd nno ufi e l sa ih ibiiy mde 98 Fu temo e Oa e c ncus r alg to t tÃ© s eit Ht ' lx id fee tg o sy rh r r , k s o l o y le ain ha t h rf mts a ,n ifrn , r s l g l neglg nt a r kl sma rofnz ng t Fr nkln Count She ifsDe rmentc eaeda i e , nd ec es nne nni he a i y rf pa t r t n e r nvionme ofe il me a l wls ne sa ongt de i t te bol nedDe y nt ntte nt nd a e s s m he putes ha m de put Pa tr on t s xualy vi a eaf m a eprs ne wiho s fce f a ofr prs lt dee hi te s o e l ol t e l io r t ut uf int e r e ia o tr m fom hi pr dai 'doesnotdemonsrt c us ton.l ,a !80;seSlka 737F. a 376 r s e tons' tae a ai d. t e a n, 2d t ( ustoni etbls dwhent pli ifde taesa Ã»afnnai c usllnk' Ca ai s sa ihe he antf monsrt n ifi tve a a i ' bewe nt s r iorsi ci a t ham s fr dbyt pli if) l s tt a nded t e he upe vs ' na ton nd he r ufe e he antf.. n hor,he me c pl i doesno pr s ntt nough f c t r s a r s bl e c a i t tdi c r w il om a nt t ee s e a t o ai e ea ona e xpe t ton ha s ove y l r ve le de e' ha She ifHunta t d wih dei ae i fe e e. Se Twombl 55 U. a e a vi nc 't t rf c e t lber t ndif r nc e v, 0 S. t 55 . 6) Ac or ngl She ifHuntsm o i t dimisc c di y, rf ' ton o s s ountI wilbeg a e V l r ntd. ( Punii Da ge 4) tve ma s Oa a s brngsa c am f rpunii da kes l o i li o tve mage agans She ifHunt al gi t tShe if s i t rf , le ng ha rf Huntti via i l r s ss c rousy e ponsbl f t aci ofDe y Pa tr on a a1 r e n tmes' i e or he tons put te s t 1 elva t i .' Ho ve,unde Vigni lw,tg tve dama ca tbea r a i tamatror we r r r i a a tpunii q ges nno waded gans se 17 prnci lf rt w r ulac o hi s r a ora nti w hi h he di notpari pa e a whi h i pa o he ongf t f s e v nt ge n c d tci t , nd c hedi nota horzeorr tf ' Fr e a v. ol ,204 Va 353,358,1 S. 2d 41 41 d ut i a iy.' e m n Spr es . 31 E. 0, 4 ( 963)( i Hocav.Plnt 1 Va.1 1 ,1 S. 759) ke doe no alget t 1 quotng a , 45 75, 81 33 E. .Oa s s t le ha She ifHuntpari pa e i o a horze t a lge s xuala s ul, rdoe s aleg t t rf tci t d n r ut i d he le d e s a t no s he l e ha She i fH untr tf e D e y Pa t r on' c rf a ii d put te s s onduc . t Ac or ngl She ifHuntsm o i t dim isOa 'cli sf punii dmnage wil c di y, rf ' ton o s s kes am or tve s l begr n e a t d. l . V Fort r s nssa e def nda sShe ifOve t a t W VRJ Smotonst dimis he ea o tt d, e nt rf ron nd he ' i o s s unde Fe r Rul ofCi lPr e e12( ( )mus beGRANTED.SheifHuntsmotont r deal e vi oc dur b)6 t rf ' i o dim ismus beGRANTED r ga di c t IIa l a GR ANTED I PART a s s t e r ng oun s 1 nd V, nd N nd DEN I I PA RT a t c ED N s o ount1 H ow e r O a hasnotyethad a opporuniy i f de al . ve , kes n t t n e r c t o a e he pl a ngs a t r o e,Oa s cai sag ns t e de e nt wilbe our t m nd r e di , nd, he ef r ke ' l m ai t hes f nda s l d s se wih u p eu ie wihla et fl as c n a n e c mpan wi nf u te (4 imis d t o t rj dc , t e v o ie e o d me d d o lit t o re n 1 ) hi da oft e r oft ac om panyi Or r9 O a s a he c m s a e a oni hed, w e r ys he nty he c ng de . ke nd r ot el r dm s ho ve , t ts ul s r fl wihou a uae al tonst sae ac am ,s nctons i l ngm o t r ha ho d he e ie t t deq t lega i o t t l i a i ,ncudi nea y a e de i r s nc i ,maybe i nd vi nta y a tons mpos d agans he a he c e i t r nd r ouns , s ntt Fe r Rul elpur ua o de al e ofCi lPr e e 11 vi oc dur . An a opra eOr rwilbee e e ppr it de l nt r d. E trd Api/7, 0 3 nee : r 2 1 l @ :> @ 1 ba s . Unied St esD it i J t at s rct udg 980t t co ai a t amende c h he mpl nt nd he d ompli weefld i saec ta ,aspl ntf sae a or lagum e , ant r ie n tt our nd ai if t td t a r nt s ha notye ha acha t fl apla ngm eei t f r lsa r ;ass h,t c twil nni he l ve he s t d nce o ie e di tng he ede a tnda ds uc he our lpe t r ea t tl as co a e d c pli . o ie e nd m nde om ant 18

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