Collins v. Clarke, No. 7:2013cv00474 - Document 11 (W.D. Va. 2014)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 09/24/2014. (kab)

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5 OFPI U. Di . CE S, ST AT F(,?t .EVA . t 6': F, 7 ,J+' . ;! - ! -. gcj n j ?)j cr j tJ , e . . . IN TH E U NITED STA TES DISTR ICT CO UR T FO R TH E W ESTER N DI STRI T O F V I G I I C R N A RO A N O K E D I SI N VI O SH M N CLAUDE CO LLI NS, JUL! C. .-'.-'6uEF) A Jk.-., ' . 1 ' u , . ': ' I BY. KB DEPU' CLERK T Y CASE NO.7: 13CV0047 4 Petti i oner, M EM OM NDUM OPI ON NI H A R O LD W .C LA R K E, By:G l n E.Conr e ad C hi fU nie St e D it i tJudge e t d at s s r c R espondent . Sha n Clude Coli ,aVig ni i t pr e ngwih c i a lns r i a nma e oce di t ouns l fl ape ii f awrt e , ied tton or i ofha a c pus ptrua t 28U. C.j2254.Coli c le t valdiyofhi be s or , ls nt o S. lns halnges he i t s c n i e n p ru n t tej d me to t eCic i Co r o Ta e lComt atraj r o fn me t u s a t o h u g n f h rut u t f z wel t y fe u y c ced hi ofr bbe y,saut y btr a y, e ofa fr a i t c mi son ofa r r a onvit m o r t t or lglr us ie nn n he om s i obbe y, nd we rng amas i publc Afe c e u r viw oft pa te 's isonsa sa ec t ai k n i . tr ar f l e e he ri s ubm s i nd t t our r cor , heco tc l e ds t ur onc udest tr s ha e ponde ' moton t dim ism us begr nt d. nts i o s s t a e I W hie wea i a ma k a br ndihi afr r ,Coli r d ac e k a t Dor n l rng s nd a s ng iea m lns obbe l r t he a G r e y i Taz w e lCount oc r n e l y.The c e k,who w ast onl e ines ,t tfed a t i lt ts lr he y yew t s es ii t ra ha he r cognied Coli 'voie,e s a c k bonesbec us Coli wasa fe ntc t e oft e z lns c ye , nd hee a e lns r que usom r he sor Thec e k a s t siid s i ii d Coli a t r rd i a ç ho u 'a Coli ' t e. l r lo e tfe he dentfe lns s he obbe urng E w p' t lns s hous on t ni oft r r .1 Coli s e nty a it d t polc t ther e he ght he obbe y lns ubs que l dm te o ie ha obbedt he clr a gunpoi .Howe r Coli t sii d a tilt tt polcetle t ne hi a ek t nt ve , lns e tfe t ra ha he i lr a e d m nd m iunde sood hi saeme s Coli alot tte t thecoul nothaver s rt s t t nt . lns s esii d ha d obbedt Dor n he a Gr e ybec us hewasathome wih hi wiee e f brel g ng t a r ltve' ho e a a oc r a e t s f xc pt or i ty oi o ea i s us nd 1Rshow u ar es e ily sngl- r on lne : sngl s pe ti pr e e t awine st m a a ps e s ntal i epe s i ups a i e us c s es ntd o t s o ke n ie ttc t n.. s natr( ci 'lc mmiso . Saev He d ro , 7A.d8 2 9 20 ( J 2 1 (i dhy d ni ai i o .oo fe a rmes o sin' tt . n es n 2 3 7 , 0 -3 N.. 01 ) ct . ' e . UntdSae v. ene 7 4F.d2 , 0 (t Ci. 01 :. ie tts Gre , 0 3 93 3 7 4h r 2 3 RT dfe e t tr n me F M ak t Th j r c n itd Coln o r b r , ttt r b r lr , ifr n so e a d &M r e . e u y o v ce l s f o bey sau o y u ga y i us ofafr nn i t c mi son ofar be y,a we rng amas i publc a t Cic t e ien n he om s i ob r nd a i k n i , nd he r ui Co r o Ta e l Co nyi o e tej r ' s n e c ofl epls5 y a s Co l u t f z wel u t mp s d h u y s e tn e i u 4 e r . li f ns t s e s uly a a e t t Cou tofA ppe l ofV igi a and t Supr m e Cour ofVi gi a. m ucc s f l ppe l d o he r as r ni he e t r ni Coli alo fl ape ii f a wrtofha sc puswih t Supr lns s ied tton or i bea or t he eme Cour ofVigi a whih t r ni , c deni t pe ii a trc i rng ism e is ed he tton fe onsde i t rt . Coli aleg t f l i c a m si t i t n ha spe ii lns l es he olow ng l i n he ns a t bea tton: 1 Col wa s be tdt a u n c saiys g etv a dtitdie ttc to p o e u e A. lns s u j ce o n n e e srl u g sie n ane d n i ain r c d r ; i i 1 B. Co elr nde e i f e tveas itnceby notflng am oto t s e sColi ' uns e r d ne f c i s sa ii i n o uppr s lns ie tfc to b t ev ci n tn siaigtes p r sinis e a dn to j cigt d n iiain y h itm, o ivetg tn h u p e so su , n o b e tn o t i nttc ton a ti ; he de ii a i t ral 2A . Thepolc di no a s Coli ofhi M ia 2rg s di notobt i a wai ro t an ve f he ie d t dvie lns s r nda i ht , d M iandarg s and di notso t i t roga i whe Coli a ke f a a t ne r i ht , d t p he n e r ton n lns s d or n tor y; 2B. C o elr nde ed i f e tve as i t nce by noti s i tng Coli 's a e e s t t uns e r ne f c i ssa nve tga i lns t t m nt o he polc a notf lng a m oton t s pr s t s s a e e s a i e nd ii i o up e s he e t t m nt ; nd 3. Cot s r nde ed i fec i as it nceby: m el e r ne f tve ssa A . Stpul tng t e de e t tColi wasa c c e f on; i a i o vi nc ha lns onvi t d el B. No o j cigt tsi n t a Col wa ac n ce fln; t b e tn o etmo y h t lns s o vitd eo i C. Notcr se os xnmi ng orno a uael c os e m i ng t vitm a Deeci M i ni t deq t y r s xn ni he c i nd t tve ke Sha v r w e; D. No o j cigt p eu iilirlv n , n p iie e tsi n fo Co l ' f , o t b e tn o rj dca,ree a t a d rvlg d e t y r m li wie n t mo ns f lng a pr ti lm o i abou s ii e r a ton t pous prvieg a noti t r i w i t w ie be or t i l al i l e, nd n e v e ng he f f e r a ; E. N otflng a m oton t s rket evi nce a t co l i oft Com m onw e lh' c s ii i o ti he de t he nc uson he at s a e i c e; n- hi f F. Noti si atng a pr s ntng e de eofColi 'a i def ns a nve tg i nd e e i vi nc lns lbi e e; nd G. Notpr parng Coli t t siy a ti a nota qua e y a sng Coli a twhehe e i lns o e tf t ral nd de t l dvii lns bou t r t t tf o esi y. Res ponde fl d am o i t dim is a t tm et r pond e r d,m a ng t ma t rpe f nt ie ton o s s , nd he i o es xpie ki he ter i or diposton. Afe r vi wi t r c d,hec tfndst tColi pr dur ly de aule c am s s ii tr e e ng he e or t our i ha lns oce a l f t d l i I a d2 a dta t S p e Co r o Vign asaj dc to o t er mann camswa n t A n A n h t he u r me u t f r ii ' du iai n f h e iig li so c r r t o anunr as bl a ia i of cl ry e t bls d f r l1w orbas d o an onta y o, r e ona e pplc ton , ea l sa ihe ede a a e n 2M ia v. Arz n , 4U. 4 6 ( 9 6 . r nda io a 3B S. 3 1 6 ) unr as bl de e m i ton oft f c s A c or ngl r ponde ' m o i n t di m i sm us be e ona e t r na i he a t . c di y, es nt s t o o s s t ga e r nt d. 1 1 A .Pr e alD e aul oc dur f t A peii ne pr edu aly de a t a f de alha scai whe û sa ec thasde i tto r oc r l f uls e r bea l m n û tt our a clned t c i rt c am ' m e ison t bassofa ade t a i pe ntsa epr edtr lnle' o onsde he l i s rt he i n quae nd nde nde t t oc la l .' He ikv.Tr e,443F. 3 359( hCi. drc u 3d 42, 4t r 2006) TheSuprmeCour ofVigi ade i t . e t r ni clned o 3 co i rcamsI a 2A purua t Slvt v. rian,205S. 2d680,68 ( 1 . nsde li A nd s nt o a on Para E. 2 Va. 974) TheUnied St t Cour ofAppeasf t Fourh Cic thasG e a e y r ogni d t tt t aes t l or he t r ui û pe t dl ec ze ha he r pr dur lde a tr e s tf t i Sl yt co tt e a a quaeand i pe ntsae 1w oce a f ul ul e orh n a on nsiut s n de t nde nde t t a g o n f rd cso ' F s e v Anc ln ,1 3F.d8 5 8 4( t Ci.1 9 )(n en l u tto s r u d o e iin. ih r . eo e 6 3 3 , 4 4h r 9 8 itr a q o ai n ' omitd) The eor,Coli pr ed al d a tdcli I a 2A.Thi c t ynot te . r f e lns oc ur ly efule ams A nd s our ma rviw t e ecamst e sCo l sd mo tae et e ( )c u ef rd fula da t l rj dc , e e h s li mls li e nsrts ih r 1 a s o ea t n cua p eu ie n o ( )afn n n a û s ara eo j sie' u t p tto e ' a t a imo e c .W of v. r 2 u d me tlt c rig f u tc 'd e o eiin rs cu l r c n e mi le J ms 565F.d 1 1 ( h Ci.2009) Coli r lesont i fci a ssa eofc e ol on, 3 40, 60 4t r . lns ei he nefe tve sitnc ouns l dam s I a 2B t e us t pr dtr de a t Ho i B nd o xc e he oce lal f ul. weve ,t Supr r he eme Co tofVigi a ur r ni r e e cl i s I a 2B,a ong wih t o he cl i s ofi f ec i a s s a ofc evi w d a m B nd l t he t r a m ne f tve s i t nce ouns l a e , nd de e m i d t tt y a ll ke m e i.A sdic s d $ t co tha r vi we c am s I a t r ne ha he 1 ac d rt s us e n9:, he ur s e e d l i B nd 2B a fndst tt s t cli sdono c tt eca et exc et pr e za def ul of nd i ha he e wo am t onsiut us o us he oc dlr l a t c am s I a 2A , nd Coli f l t esa ih acua imoc e. l i A nd a lns ais o t bls t l l enc 3sa npe ld dt S pe Co r o Vignafo rve n ano -uidcina cam i apeio fra lgo r cu e he u rme u t f r ii rm e iwig njrs ito l li n tin o t wrtofha asc uswhe t tcai coul ha bee pr e e a ti a onappe butwasnot i be om n ha l m d ve n es ntd t ral nd al . 3 B.St andar ofRe e f Adj caedCl ms d viw or udi t ai Afe asa ec ta e s st m e isofacl m a s r s d i a f de a ha a peii a tr t t our ddr s e he rt ai lo aie n e r l be s tton, f rlc t ynotgr tt peii unls t saec rtsa j cai ofacam i c r y edea our ma an he tton e s he tt ou ' dudi ton li s ontar t ora unr s bl a i to of cea l esa ihe f r 1w orbas o a unr s o, n ea ona e pplcai n , l ry t bls d ede al a ed n n ea onabl e d tr n to o tefcs 28U. C.j2 5 4 Th e au to o wh t rasaec u t e iin eemiain f h a t. S. 2 4 *. e v lain f ehe tt o r d cso i ûc r yt ' ta l e ona ea i to of'f de all w i bas d on a i pe n r vi w s ûontar o'or tn mr as bl pplcai n ' e r a s e n nde nde t e e ofea hsandad.W ila v. yl ,529U. 36 41 1 ( c t r lims Ta or S. 2, 2- 3 2000) A saec tdeer nain . tt our t mi to i Gc r yt 'edea lw i i l ri sa ac usonoppost t t rac dby (heUnie s lontar o'f rl a f t: rve t oncl i a ie o hat e he t td Stt Suprme Cour onaquetonof1 ori t saec tde de aca edif e l t n aes e l t si aw f he tt our ci s s fernty ha (heUnie SttsSuprme Cour ha o astofmaeily i si uiha efcs' I a 41 t td ae e l t sn e tral nditng s bl a t. d. t 3. ' A f de alc tma is t wrtundert ûmr a ona ea ia i 'c a e i t e r our y s ue he i he ç e s bl pplc ton' l us f he l f rlc ti t tt saec tûdeniist c r c g ni lga prncpl fom (he edea our fnds ha he tt our t tfe he ore t over ng e l i i e r t i Suprme Cour' de sonsbutunras bl a ist tprnci et t fcsoft prs rs e l ts cii e ona y pple ha i pl o he a t he ione ' c s . I Thi r a o a ln s sa d r i a o j cieo e d a 41 A Vigni c u ts a e' d. s e s n b e e s tn ad s n b e tv n .1 . t 0. r i a o r' ' fndi c nnotbede m e lnr s bl m e e y be aus i doesno ct esa ihed Unie St t i ngs n e d l ea ona e r l c e t t ie t bls td aes Supr m eCour pr e nton a i s i t r ul r a d i notc r r t t tesabls d e t ec de n s ue f he es t e che s onta y o ha t ihe pr e nt M ic lv.Es ra,5 U. 1 1 ( ec de . thel paz 40 S. 2, 6 2003) . A fd r l o r rv e n ah b a peiini r s me s te(ttlc u tsfcu li dng e e a c u t e iwi g a e s t o t e u l) h sae o r' a t a tn i s t p t bes mdt e sg ii r rbut thepr umpto ofco cnes bycl ra c ncng o ot mls pettonel e s t es in ne t s ea nd onvi i e de e.' MilrElv. eke,5 U. 231, ( 05 ( i 28U. C.j2254()1) vi nc '' le- Drt 45 S. 240 20 ) quotng S. e( ). ûllviw u d rj2 5 ( )1 i lmie t t erc r t a wa b f r tesaec u th t çke e n e 2 4 d ( ) s i td o h e o d h t s e o e h tt o r t a l a j c tdt cam ont meis' Cule v. nholtr 563U. d udiae he li he rt. ' ln Pi se , S. ( 01 ) 2 1. 4 ,1 S.Ct 1 ,1 31 . 388 398 C .Cl m s ofI f e tve A s i t e ofC ouns l ai ne f c i s s anc e Th S p e Co r o Vignaa pidS rc ln v. a hn tn, 6U. 6 8( 9 4 ,o e u r me u t f r ii p le tika d W s ico 46 S. 6 1 8 ) t rj c Coln 'ief ci a ssmweo c u s l li no p e e tda cams1 2 a d3 ee t lis n fe tve s it f o n e cams w r sn e s li B, B, n AG. Afe r viwi t sa ec t e or t c rtfndst tColi had f l d t esa ih tr e e ng he t t our r c d, he ou i ha lns aie o t bls c u e' d fce t ro ma ea dr s li p eu ief rcams1 2 a d3 G i te o ns ls ei in pef r nc n eu t rj d c o li B, B, n A- n h ng pe ii pr s nt d t t Su e Cour ofVigi a Thus t Supr m eCo tofVigi a s tton e e e o he pr me t r ni . , he e ur r ni ' r s f dim isng cai s1 2B,a 3A- we e no c r r t ora unr as bl ea ons or s s i l m B, nd G r t onta y o, n e ona e a i ton of c ea l es a ihed f de al1 w orbas on a un e ona e de e m i ton oft pplca i , l ry t bls e r a ed n r as bl t r na i he f t. ac s Coli f ie t s tsy t t pr nge t ts tf t i Stikl nd.The fr tpr of lns a ld o a if he wo- o d es e orh n rc a is ong Sti kl nd r quied Coli t s rc a e r lns o how ç ha co e m ade e r s s s r oust tc m s lw asnot l t uns l t r or o e i ha ot e f toni a t ç uns 'guaa e t deenda byt Si hAme nt,'me ni t t unci ng s he co el rnted he f nt he xt ndme ll' a ng ha c u e ' r p e e tto flbeo a o j ciesa d r o ra o a ln s. S rc lnd 46 U. o ns ls e rs n ai n el lw n b e tv tn a d f e s n b e e s4 tika , 6 S. a 687- The s ond pr ofStikl nd r uie Coli t s t tc t 88. ec ong rc a eq r d lns o how ha ouns lsdet int e' k e p ro ma c p eudc dhi b d mo srtn aE e s na l pr b blt t a, u f rc t e' e fr n e rj ie m y e n taig û a o b e o a ii h tb t o o ms ls r y er s,her s toft pr ee ngwoul ha be difrnt' d at694.TheSuprem e Court ror t eul he oc di d ve en fee .' a sL - ofVigi apr ry deenni d f e h i f tveas it ncec am t r s why Coli r ni ope l t ne or ac nefeci ssa l i he ea ons lns f i dt e tb ihd fce tp ro ma c a dr s tn p eu iea r q rdb Src ln . al o sa ls eiin ef r n e n eulig rj d c s e uie y tik a d e 4Stikl esabls aEsr pr umptont c ns ' conduc flswihi t wi r ngeofr s bl rc and t ihed Etong es i hat ou els t al t n he de a ea ona e pofsina a ssa e.' Src ln , 6 U. a 6 9 tu ca srtn o c u s lsp roma c mu t ehg l r eso l sitnc l ' tika d 4 6 S.t 8 . t diil cuiy f o n e' efr n e s b ihy l l d fr n il,'a d ç v r e f r ( sl ema et ei n t t ed so t g e fc so hnd ih . . n t e a u t t e e e e t ll n s ey fo t mu t b d o lmi ae h it ri fe t f i sg t . a d o v l ae h a ' e n (h le g dlc n u tfo c u s lsp rpetv a tetme' I c aln e o d c rm o n e' es cie th i . d. ' 5I apeii ha nots tsid onepr oft Sti a t t acou tdoesnotneedt i r whet r f ttoner s aife ong he rcklnd es, r o nquie he peiinerha s ifedt ot rpr tto s atsi he he ong.I a 697. d. t Coli a gu i cl i I t tc lns r es n a m B ha ouns lw asi f e tve by notflng a m o i n t s ppr s e ne f c i ii to o u e s t vci si e tt to o Co l s n t n siaigt es p r sinis e a dn t b e tn t he itm' d ni in f li , o ivetg tn h u p e so su , n o o j cig o ka n t i ntfc ton a ti . The Supr m eCour ofVigi ade e m i d t tt r cor de o taed he de ii ai t ral e t r ni t r ne ha he e d m nsr t t tthevi i kne ( lns prort t r r be us ( lns wa ac t ra t sor ha t ctm w Coli l i o he obbey ca e Coli l s usome t he t e, t heha be n i t so e ne ry e r day f rs r lmont a a l s t c on t da oft d e n he t r a l ve y o eve a hs nd t ea t wi e he y he r r and s ha be wac ng hi cl ey durng hi viisbe us s s pec e hi of obbe y, he d en thi m os l i s st ca e he us t d m s itng.Thevitm i ditl r c ze ( lns dtrngt r r be us ofhi hoplfi ci mme aey e ogni d Coli l li he obbey ca e s voi e, l a t pori ofhi eye a f cewhih we evii e de piehi mas ' Coli c buid, nd he tons s s nd a c r sbl s t s k. ' lns v. r t , 1 72,si op. t2( .J y 1 201 .Thus t vitm' i ntfc tonof Diecor No. 221 lp a Va ul 9, 3) ,he ci s de iiai Coli wa ba e on t vitm ' own kno e a notba e on t al ge y t ylns s s d he c i s wl dge nd s d he le dl mdul s ugge tve s w u s i ho p. Coli a guesi cl m 28 t tc ms lw a i fe tvebyno i si a i Coli ' lns r n ai ha ot e s ne f c i t nve tg tng lns s a e e t t t polc a no flng a m o i t s es t e sa e e s The Supr m e Cour t t m n s o he i e nd t ii ton o uppr s hes t t m nt . e t ofV igi a de e mi d t tt r c d dem ons r t d t t r ni t r ne ha he e or t a e ha : Cot e i e viwe t ofke si ve i t quesi ng a t y i or e he ms l ntr e d he t r nvol d n he toni nd he nf m d r t a t y h d a v sd g lis o h srg t,ta heh d wav d tos rg t, n h t he a d ie coln ) f i ihs h t a ie h e ih s a d t the ha neve a ked f a a t ne Cot s lw as a s d by D e ec i M uli ha d r s or n tor y. m e dvi e t tve lns a t pr ec ort ta r c di oft quesi ng ha be n a tm pt butt nd he os ut ha e or ng he toni d e te ed, he r c di de cehad no wor d.Theofi e st tfed a ti c it nty wih t e or ng vi t ke fc r esii t ral onsse l t he i or ton t y ha pr vi l pr dedco e . nf ma i he d e ousy ovi uns l I a 4- Co eque l c ms ldi i tgaet cic sa esoft i e v e and wasno d. t 5. ns nty, ot e d nvesi t he r um t nc he nt r i w t de i intf notflng a f tl moton t s es . fce or ii u ie i o uppr s Coli a gue i cli 3A t tc ms wa i fec i by si ai t e de et t lns r s n am ha ot el s ne f tve tpul tng o vi nc ha Coli wasa c c e f on,a hear si c am 38 t tc ms lwasi fe tve byno lns onvit d el nd gue n l i ha ot e ne f c i t o j ci t t si n ta Co l swa ac n itd fln.Th S p e Co r o Vigni be t o e tmo y h t li s o v ce eo ng n e u rme u t f r i a de e mi t tc t r ned ha ouns lwasnotdeki ntf t s c am s Cot ela ee t t si a i e t e or he e l i . ms gr d o he tpulton bec us Coli wascha ge wih pos es i ofafr a m by ac ced f l a c ms ldi a e lns r d t s son ie r onvi t e on, nd ot e d n twa te i e c ofCol ' ro c n it n t b r i r tdt tej r .Afe c u s ls o n vd n e lns p ir o vci s o e et ae o h u y tr o n e' i o e m oto t s rt c r wa g a ed,t si a i waswihdr wn,a couns m ove t i n o eve hat ha ge s r nt he tpulton t a nd el do pr cude t Commonwe lh fom elcii e de e o Coli 'prorco c i durng t guit e l he at r i tng vi nc f lns i nvitons i he l p a eo til TheCo n at ddn t b e t n isnltdiswi s e no t me to ta h s f ra . mmo we 1 i o o j c a d n t ce t t s s t o ni n h t h ne Coli had ar dy be n c c e ofsm ia c i e .W he awine st c t sii d t tColi lns lea e onvit d i lr rm s n t s wie e tfe ha lns a mitdt b igac n ce fln,h til o r s san dc u s lso j cina di sr ce t e d te o en o vitd eo t e ra c u t u tie o n e' be to n n tu td h j r t dir g r b t sae n sa o tColn 'ci n l so y F rhe mo e Coln a mitd u y o se ad oh ttme t b u lis lmia hit r . u t r r , lis d te durng c os e i r s xami ton t beng pr vi l c ce off rf oni sfom t dif e na i o i e ousy onvi td ou el e r wo fer nt i i nt s par t d by û 1toftme. ncde s e a e û o a i ' ' Coli a guesi cl m 3C t tco e w a i f e tve by no c os e m i ng orno lns r n ai ha uns l s ne f c i t r s xn ni t a dequael c os e m i ngt vitm a Deeci Sha r The Supr me Cour ofVigi a t y r s xn ni he c i nd t tve wve . e t r ni de e mi d t tt r we eno m aerali onssencesbe wee t vitm ' t si ony a t t r ne ha he e r t i nc it i t n he c i s e tm nd he vi tm ' saeme st t E- 1oper t r On c os e m i ton, ot ela tc d t vitm ' ci s t t nt o he 91 ao . r s xn na i c ms ta ke he c i s c i nc i i ntf ng Coli a t m a ke r ra r e e d t c os e m i ton onfde e n de iyi lns s he s d obbe nd ef r nce he r s xa na i dlrng cosng a g e s TheSu e Co tofVigi a a s de e m i d t tColi f l t zi l i r um nt . pr me ur r ni lo t r ne ha lns aied o pr f rwha Deeci Sha rst si ony woul ha be n orhow t unpr f r d t si o ofe t t tve wve ' e tm d ve e he ofe e e tm ny woul ha c d ve hange t ti ' o c e Nonet e s couns hadno ne d t c os e mi d he rals ut om . hels , el e o r s xa ne De e tve Sha v rbec us hi ve y bre t tm o a tci w e a e s r i f esi ny bouthow hef md no physca e de ot i l vi nce lnki Coli t t c i e eve a t rColi ga hi pe m i s o t s a ch Coli 'ho e w as i ng lns o he r m n fe lns ve m r s i n o e r lns us co pl t l f vor bl t Coli . Cot s l unde s a bl f r sr egi r s , d notc os m e ey a a e o lns m e, r t nda y o tat c ea ons di r s e m i D e e tve Sha ve a xn ne t c i w r boutt w hie c r Coli dr a ay f om t D o a Gr e y he t a lns ove w r he r n oc r w hie w e rng a m as bec us c m s ha ale dy add e s d t i s w hie c os e i ng t l ai k a e ot el d r a r s e he s ue l r s xam ni he pr o Com m onw e t w ine s a c os exn i ng De e tve Shaw v r a ir alh t s , nd r s m ni tci e boutt ca w o d ha he r ul ve f c e t ej r a yfo t ed tciesfv rbl tsi n o us d h u y wa r m h ee tv ' a o a e etmo y. Colnsag e i cam 3 7t tc u e wa ie fcieb n to j ci gt p eu iil l r u s n li 1 ha o nsl s n fe tv y o be tn o rj dca i t si ony fom Coli wieasir e nta prviege notflng apr -ra m oton a t e tm r lns' f relva nd i l d, ii e til i bou s a prviege a noti e viwi t wiebef r ti .TheSupr me Cou tofVigi a pous l i l , nd nt r e ng he f o e ral e r r ni de e mi d t tt scai lc dm e i.Couns lcontc e Coli wiet s me da s t r ne ha hi l m a ke rt e a t d lns' f he a y he l n n d t Com monwe 1h i e vewed Coli 'wie, t y dic s t c e oft e r e he a t nt r i lns f and he s us ed he ontnt he Com monwe t si er e a t wie' e alh' nt viw nd he f s xpecedtilt tmony.Pe Coli 'r ques,c t ra esi r lns e t ouns l e i t ndedt c lColi 'wieasa wines f a a i def ns . Ho ne o al lns f t s or n lbi e e weve ,t wiedi no t l r he f d t el co elt ts pr vi usyt d t Comm onweat a thow Coli ha be a i dr gs uns ha he e o l ol he lh bou lns d en busng u , a t Com m onw e lh elc t d t s i or a i durng cr se m i ton. Thus c m s lc d nd he a t i ie hi nf m ton i os xn na i , ot e oul r s na y ha de e mi d t r wasno r a ont dic st s a prvie wih Coli ea o bl ve t r ne he e e s o s us he pous l i l ge t lns w he t w ie t d c n he f ol ouns lo y t f vor bl a pe t ofhe a i i t d t s i ony. e nl he a a e s c s r ntc pa e e tm Coli a guesi cai 3E t tc elwa i fec i by notm a ng amoton t srke lns r n lm ha ouns s ne f tve ki i o ti t e de e a t c l i oft Com monwe lh' ca e i c e .The Supr m eCour of he vi nc t he onc uson he at s s -n- hif e t Vigi ade e mi d t scli l ke m e i. Pe ii rdi no a tc ae t ny gr r ni t r ne hi am ac d rt ttone d t riul t t a oundsupon whih c elc dha m ove f am iti ort sa ewhy s h gr c ouns oul ve d or sral o tt uc oundswer wave by e i d c elsf l et mo t srket e de a f l t atcult t a lt is ( lns ouns ' aiur o ve o ti he vi nce nd ais o ri ae he ppelae sue Coli l c e wasw ai d by c m s ' f lze. Coli ,s i op. t 11 Fur he m o e a a t ney' ont nds ve ot els ailr ' ' lns lp a . t r r , n tor s de s on w he he t m ake a m o i t s rke t e de e i a s r t gi one e il d t de e e e. ci i t ro ton o t i he vi nc s t a e c ntte o f r nc Se e. ,J v. r s 463U. 745,751( 983)( s rbi c e' dicei t ma e. g. ones Bane , S. 1 de ci ng ounsls s rton o ke c ran lgalde sonslkewhehe t fl amotont srke. e ti e cii i t r o ie i o ti ) 8 Coli ar si c ai 31 t c lns gue n l m 7 hat ouns lwasi f e i by noti tga i and pr s ntng e ne f ctve nves i tng ee i e de eofColi 'albide e eby s vi nc lns i f ns ubpoe i s esr cept orvi o r or ngsfom t nang al e i s de ec di r he F& M M a ke a by s r t nd ubpoenang Coli 'phoner co ds i lns e r .Coli t tfed t thec d notha lns esii ha oul ve r d t Dor Gr r be us hewa wih hi wieexc ptf r mi enu dst ar a i s obbe he an oce y ca e s t s f e or ur ng o eltve' hous a t t F&M M a ke . The Supr m eCour ofVigi ade e m i d t cli wa e nd o he r t e t r ni t r ne he a m s m e il s Couns c l Coli 'wie a ne w t t siy a tColi 'a i . Furhe mor rtes . el aled lns f nd phe o e tf bou lns lbi t r e, Gl ouns i tgae Coli 'cai t thewasa t F&M M ake a ln n t clr di tcl elnvesi td lns l m ha t he r t nd e r ed he ek d notr mbe ( lns bengi t sor ont ni oft r r butdi rc lamancomi eme r Coli j i n he t e he ght he obbey d e al ng i t t so eaf w daysafe t r r a t li he he ha be i t sor t tni ta n o he t r e tr he obbe y nd e lng r d en n he t e ha gh nd as nghe t t l a ki r o el nyonewho i r d t theha be n t e. nquie ha d e her ' 'Coli , lp o a 1 M or over lns si p. t 2. e , Coli t tfed t thewe t t F&M M a ke a trt polc ale a ved a t Dor n lns esii ha nt o he r t fe he i e r ady ni t he a Gr e y,a t r oc r nd he obbe y oc r e s q c yt ti wa noti plusbl t tColi r d t r cu r d o uikl ha t s m a i e ha lns obbe he Dor n Gr eri bewee t s ve a phonec l wih r a i . a oc n t n he e r l als t eltves Coli a g i c am 3G t tc lns r ues n l i ha ouns lwasi fe tve bynotpr parng Coli t t siy e ne f c i e i lns o e tf a tila f no a t ra nd or t dequael a sng Coli a t y dvii lns boutwhehert t tf TheSupr me Cour of t o esiy. e t Vignarj ce t i cam be a ec t e a v s dColn a o te tf i .S e iial, r i i ee td hs li c us oms l d ie l s b u tsiyng p cfc ly i co m s la s how Coli w oul ne t e a n w hy he c e s d t t polc i he di not t e dvi ed lns d ed o xpl i onf s e o he i e f d co mi t r r a wn n hi t tt Comm onweat woul q si n hi abou hi m t he obbe y nd r ed m ha he lh d ue to m t s c i i lr or Coli di notalegewha addii na a c c rm na ec d. lns d l t to l dvie ouns ls d ha gi n hi e houl ve ve m a utwhehert t tf how c bo t o esiy, ouns ls d ha pr pa e hi t t tf orhow t tpr pa a i e houl ve e r d m o esiy, ha e r ton wo l h v h dara o a ep o a iiyof h n i gt ej r sv r it ud a e a e s n bl r b b l c a g n h u y' e dc. t I sl a y,t Supr m eCour ofVigi a dee m i t tColi f ie t esa ih n lmm r he e t r ni tr ned ha lns al d o t bls b t c u s lsd fce tp ro a ea drs tn prj d c f ra1 fcams1 2 a d3 G. o h o n e' eiin ef nn nc n eul g eu ie o 1o li B, B, n Ai 9 Tot ee tn Col alg st tc u e ' alg dc muaieer r r s tdi p eu ie hs h x e t lns l e ha o ns ls l e u ltv ro s eul n rj dc , i i e e e cli f isbe a e t l a t ney' acsoromi sonst ta eno unc tt i li vi ly a m a l c us i l tor s t a s i ha r t onsiutona ndi dual ca tbe a d t t rt e e t a c tt i vi ai n. s rv.Angeone 1 F. 835, nno dde ogehe o r a e onsiutonal olto ' he 'Fi l , 63 3d 8 2 5 ( t Ci. 9 8 .Th c u t i st tt eS p e Co r o Vign asa j d c to o 5 - 3 4h r 1 9 ) e o r fnd ha h u r me u t f r ii ' du iain f t s cai swa no c r r t ora unr as bl a ia i of clary esa ihed f de a 1w he e l m s t onta y o, n e ona e pplc ton , e l t bls e rl a orbas d on an t r as bl de e m i ton oft f c s e m e ona e t r na i he a t . II I l c us on,t c tg a sr s nde ' m oton t di m i s a di m is t pe ii n oncl i he our r nt e po nt s i o s s nd s s es he tton f awrtofhabe sc pus or i a or . DATED t i 2t a of e tmb r201 h s éod y s pe e, 4. Chi fU nie St t s D it i tJ e t d a e s rc udge 10

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