Al-Habashy v. Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Juvenile Justice et al, No. 7:2013cv00459 - Document 52 (W.D. Va. 2014)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 9/24/2014. (lab)
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CL SOFFI U.S' ST. ERK' CE DI COURT ATY OKE, A V FI LED I THE UN I N TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT FO R TH E W ESTERN D I STRI O F V I GI I CT R N A RO AN OK E D I VISI ON sEF 2# 2 1 21 JULI . e EM LURK z Dt B -' ' PUTY L A M I A A L- BA SH Y , N HA Ci lA c i n N o. 13CV 00459 vi to 7: Pl i if a ntf , M EM O R AN DU M O PI O N NI COM M ONW EALTH OF VI NI RGI A DEPARTM ENT OF J UVENI LE J STI e a . U CE, t 1, By:Hon. e E. Gl n Conr ad Chi Unie St t sDititJ ef t d a e src udge Dee f ndan s t. I t se pl e tdi c i i ton a i t Co m onw e lh ofV igi a D e rm e of n hi m oym n s r m na i cton, he m at r ni pa t nt J nieJ tce(û J', dne Hubbad,a Ki ryDoyl (ole tvel r e rdt ast uve l usi k ' Ro y DJ ) r nd mbel e c lci y efre o he ' Jdef nt' ha move f pari dimis oft sconda nde c antpurua t S DJ enda s' ve ) d or tal s sal he e me d ompli , s nt o Rul 1 b)l a 1 b)6)oft Fe rlRul ofCi lPr e e. Fort f lwi r s ns es 2( ( ) nd 2( ( he dea es vi oc dur l he olo ng ea o , t m oton wilbeg a ed i pa t nd d e i par. he i l r nt n r a enid n t Bac ound kzr Pl ntf Ami All a s i a Afi a Am e i a woma oft M usi f t who i ai if na -- ba hy s n rc n- rc n l n he lm aih, s ove t a of40. Shewa e oye b t Ciy ofRo no fom 1 untlSe e r201 r he ge s mpl d y he t a ke r 996 i pt mbe 2. Ataltmesr lva t t i t nta ton,Alla s wor asapr r m c di t f r l i ee nt o he nsa c i -l ba hy ked og n oor naor o teCi l ta po i o Alla a h wa rs o il f ri na ln ja c o dn tig a h t n h t st n, -- b s y s e p nsb e o k g ig nd o r iagn q y. i l ma c mmu i s r iep og a fry uhs b e totej rs ito o teCiyo Ro n k J ve i & o nt evc r r m o o t u j c t h u idcin fh t f a o e u nl y e Dome tcRe ai nsDiti tCour a ort 23 Cour Se vi Uni'oft DJ 2d Am . s i l to src t nd/ he A t r ce t' he J. Compl!21 Doc tNo.38. .( , ke 1Ac di t t DJ Def cor ng o he J endant bref ,Hubba dpa s a y onJa r 30,201 Asoft sdae, s' i s r s ed wa nua y 4. hi t n f r lsae n ofd ahha b e tld. S eFe R. v P. ()1. o o ma ttme t e t s e n ie e d. Ci. 25a( ) Alhough All a hy' s a y wa pad by t Ciy,s c endst tt DJ e cs d t -- bas s alr s i l he t he ont ha he J xer ie s tce c nr l v rh r ob c nsd r dh rCon e ly r' J-!8 . Empo e so t eDJ uf int o to o e e t e o ie e e j it mpo e . .a 2 i ' d ly e f h J dr cl s p r s dh rwok, v lae h r o pef r n e a dh dt a t rt t ds iln ie t u evie e r e au td e j b ro ma c , n a he uho i o icp ie y y he f rmi c r o s onduc . Two ofAll a s sDJ s r s swe edef nda sRodne Hubba da t -l ba hy' J upe vior r e nt y r nd K i be l D oyl m ry e. I 2009,AlHaba hy a i d f apr ton s r s poston wihi t DJ ' 23r n s pple or obai upe vior ii t n he JS d Cour Se vi Uni. Alla hy i eviwe f t poston,b s di nota nc be t r ce t -- bas nt r e d or he ii ut he d l dva e yond t he i ta i e viw . All a s ' ompli t the f iur t pr e sbe nii l nt r e -- ba hy t l c aned ha r al e o ogr s yond t i ta he nii l itr iw sa ewa d t d srmiainb sdu o h ra e r c g)a drlgo ' 1 !3 . n eve tg s ue o ic i n to a e p n e g , a e , n ei in. d. 8 ' t-e co ai sc it ofi enalc ant t DJ ... ChageofDici nai gie dlr mpl nt onssed ntr ompli s o J, a r l s rmi ton fldj wi t eEq a Emply n Op ru i Co sin($ t h ul h o me t po tnt mmiso i y EEOC' i t s mme o 2 0 a d ' n he u r f 0 9 n , ) utmaey, ac mplitfld i teUntdSttsDititCo r f rteW e tr Ditito li tl g o an ie q n h ie ae src u t o h se n src f Vign aa Roa o e' 1 !3 . Th f d rl cinrman dp n i fo J n 2 , 01 u tl r ii t n k . d. 9 e e e a a t e ie e dng r m u e 9 2 1 ni ' o F br ay2 , 01 , e teDJ wa a r e s mmayj d me t S eAlla ahyv. p' o e u r 8 2 2 wh n h J s wad d u r u g n . e -- b s De t f l J nieJ tc No. 1 uve l usie, 7:1CV00306,201 U. Dit LEXI 248 ( . Va. b. ,201 2 S. s. S 69 W D. Fe 28 2) ( is J) W lon, .. Allaba hy e am st tDJ of i l,i l ng Hubba d,s eque l t a ve s -l s l i ha J fe a s nc udi r ubs nty ook d r e e pl m e a tons a i the i r t la i n f he co pl nt ofdi c i i ton. i a n if m oy nt c i ga ns r n e a i to or r m ai s s rm na i t i tf pl tmey 5ldaChageofDici nai wiht EEOC a utt srtlain. 2dAm.Compl! i l e r s rmi ton t he bo hi eaito ' ' . She t n fl d a s cond a ton i t scou t a s ri a c a m f r t i ton a i tt D J he ie e c i n hi r , s e tng l i or e ala i ga ns he J. Th s c n a to wa v l naiyds se wih u p eudc o De e e 2 , 01 . s e e e o d ci n s o u trl imis d t o t rj ie n c mb r 0 2 22 e Alla hvv. p'ofJ nieJ tce No. 1 -- bas De t uve l usi , 7:2CV001 ( . Va. c. 201 ( is J.. l 00 W D. De 20, 2) W lon, ) l l t 2011, ll a hy a i d f a t rpr i s pe vi orpos to w hi h bec m e n ae A -- bas pple or no he obaton u r s l ii n, c a va a when oneofhe s r s sr tr d fom t DJ , Allaba hy i e viwe f t c nt r upe vior eie r he J -- s ntr e d or he l s r s yposton i Nove upe vior ii n mber2011. Hub r s r on t i e viw pa a s l t t ba d e ved hc ntr e nel nd eeced he ot rpa membe s Noneoft pa me be swe eM usi . he nel r. he nel m r r lm All a hy al ge t tt pa lme be sbe a ea r ofhe r lgi bei f durng -- bas le s ha he ne m r c m wa e l r e i ous le s i t i e viw . Shewasdr s edi ta ii na M usi cot ng, c l f o yhe f ea ha he nt r e e s n r d to l lm l hi whih e4 nl r ac nd nds unc r d. Addii ly, --ab hy deci t s ove e tona l All as l lned o hakeha wih am a epa lm e nds t l ne mberf or r i i r a ons elg ous e s . A l l a hy di notpr ee i t s e ton pr es be -- bas l d oc d n he el c i oc s yond t i ta i e vi w . She he nii l nt r e alg st a s ewa t o l a pl a t o tep iinwi s p r io ye p re c i aj ve ie le e h t h s he ny p i n f r h osto t u evs r x ein e n u nl c h cou ts ti a t tKi be l Doyl,whowasuli t l s lctd,lsa Ca asa f mal m o e r etng, nd ha m ry e tma ey ee e ii uc i n e e r t n 1 ye syounge t n Pl ntf, ha 2 ar r ha ai if who doe no pr c iet M usi r i i who hasfw e s t a tc he lm elg on, e r ye so r lva ts r cet n Pli ifa who, i Pl ntf, ar f ee n e vi ha antf nd unlke ai if neve pr vi l hed aposton r e ousy l ii wh r s e ecs ds pev so o e ohes' 2 Am. mp .g 9 ee he x r ie u r iin v r t r. d ' Co lj5 . All a hy t fl d a he cha geofdic i i ton wih t EEOC ( l ng -- bas hen ie not r r l s rm na i t he t egi al dicrmi tonon a ountofa , a e, nd r lgi a ar s tofno beng hiedf t s pewior s i nai cc ge r c a e i on s e ul t i r or he u l s poston. l T63. Sherc ve argh t s l t fom t EEOC f t tc r ii ' d. ' e ei d i t o ue eter r he or ha hage. 2Acc di t anagr ementsgne bycouns f t pl ntf and t DJJon Aprl3, 201 t s ond or ng o e i d el or he ai if he i 3, he ec ac i wasvol arl dim i e i or f addii lal tonsofdicrmi i t pr eedt ought ton unt iy s ss d n der or tona legai s i naton o oc hr he EEOC' admi sr i pr s Thos ale tonswe eas e td i Char No.438S nitatve oces . e lgai r s re n ge 201200489. Afe t tr he pl ntf r cei d herrghtt s lterf ChageNo. 201 00489,t DJ agr edt per tAlHabas t ai if e ve i o ue e t or r 438- 2he J e o mi hy o dely flng s ton ma t sr s i t char untla addii ,fnalchar ofdicrmi i a i tt DJ a ii ui ter aied n he ge i n tonal i ge s i naton gans he J wa a j dc tdb t EEOC. Se Ex. t Pl' Br i Op nt DJ Des' o.oDimis Do k tNo 3 5. s du iae y he e 5 o .s .n p' o J f.M t t s s, c e . 23 De e ntDoyl bec m eAlla hy' s r s . All a s a lgest tDoyl f nda e a -- bas s upe vior l -- ba hy le ha l e tmme itl . . g nt h rs, eaitr a dds rmi aea ans r r b , mo ohe ' daey . be a o a a s rtlae , n ici n t g i t he) y a ng t r i l b h vo s rf sn tanngo p ru iis, h n e igPlitf fo o tii r i u sme t o e a ir, eu ig r ii p o tnte g i d rn an if r m banng emb re n f r j e p n e ic re i h re o me tb i o el a dd s aaeyc i c l f r o p ro n e x e s s n ur d n e mply n , eng v ry n ip rt l rt a o he j b ef nna c , i dici i nghe f a tonst to he sm ia l st t dpe s whowe enotM usi a o bl k s plni r or c i ha t r i l ry iua e r ons r lm nd/ r ac w e e no di c plned, ef i t pe s ly i e ac w ih Pl i i f a i i Pl i ifi publc r t s i i r us ng o r ona l nt r t t a ntf , nd gnorng a ntf n i aea oft ofie. 1 !67. r s he fc ' d. ' All a hy s ug me c lte t e t as ithe i deai wih Csr s ' a te i -- bas o ht dia r am nt o ss r n lng t ste s' nd dmotonal l dite s' l !70. tpli ifsme ca pr de sopi t tPli ifssr s e tonal srs . d. ' i antf' di l ovi r ned ha antf tes, moi dite s, a physc lc tonc tttdasro medc lc ton,a r o nde t t sr s gq nd ia ondii onsiue eius ia ondii nd ec mme d ha s etk tmeoffo wo k. .' 1 !71 h a e i f r m r . . d. . ' I J y 201 All a s no ii d t Ciy ofRoa n ul 2, -- ba hy tfe he t l noke' Hum a Res c De t nt s n our es parme t ts ne dt t ketme of fom wor Alllbas c am st talhough t Ciy ha he ede o a i fr k. --a hy l i ha t he t c t a iy pe m it e pl ee t t ketm e of r ga dl s ofwhe he t y ha l a a l bl , us om rl r ted m oy s o a i f e r es t r he d e ve vaia e dl no di no a f r Pli tf t sc t m a pr c iebuti t d ... e m i t d he i oa ke d t fo d a n if hi uso nd a tc l nsea t r na e r e oymen . J !74. Alla hyalgest tt DJ ,Hubba d, e, dee ntJ me mpl t' ' is -- bas le ha he J l r Doyl and fnda a s O' r d a t i ae i t ed cso t tr naegel a de c u a e teCi t tr n t h r' Ha e d ri p td n h e iin o emi t h r, n n o r g d h t o emiae e . p c y ' 1 !78. d.( A ll a s fl a tona cha ge o di c i i ton a i tt Ciy ofRoa -- ba hy ied ddii l r s f s rm na i ga ns he t l noke a t nd he DJ . I t o ec a g s s et le e d srmiaino a c u to rc , ei in ds b l y , a d J n h s h r e , h t lg d ici n to n c o n f a e r lgo , ia ii g n a t ) a 'a welasi eaitonf c ani a dsrmi ton. 1 !81 OnSe tmbe 27, ge, s l s tlai or ompli ng bout ic i nai ' d. . ' r ' pe r 201 a tr r c vi r g t s l te sf bot c r s A l l a hy f l t i t nta ton 3, fe e ei ng i ht o ue e t r or h ha ge , -- bas ied he nsa c i l agai tt D JJ,t Ciy ofRoanoke,H ubbar Doyl and O ' ar a Ciy em pl ns he he t d, e, H e, t oyee. OnM a c 1 201 Allab hy wasg a e l vet fl ana e d c r h 2, 4, -- as l r ntd ea o ie m nde ompli . Al fve ant li def nda st m oved t di m i s pori oft a e d c pl i . The c t l a hea i e nt hen o s s tons he m nde om a nt our he d rng on t m otons on M ay 1 201 Folow i t hea i t c te e e a or rpe m itng he i 9, 4. l ng he rng, he our nt r d n de r ti A ll a s t fl a s c a e d c pl i . - - ba hy o ie e ond m nde om a nt l A ll a hy f l d a s ond a e d c pl i ton J 16, 4, n w hi h s a s r st - - bas ie l ec m nde om a n une 201 i c he s e t he f lo n cams rtl to i vilto o Til V1 o t Cii Rih sAc o l 6 (i-l V1' o lwig li : eai in n oain f te I f he vl g t t f 9 4 tlte l) a -i ' a an theDJ a t eCiyo Ro n ke( u t1, ici n to o a c u t fr c a dr l in g is t J nd h t f a o Co n ) d srmiain n c o n o a e n ei o . g i v oaino Til Vl a ans teDJ ( u t 1. ici n to o a c u t fa ei vilto o n i lto f te I g i th J Co n 1) ds rmiain n c o n o g n oain f , t AgeDici nai i Empl ntAc of1 (WDEA' agans t DJ t mt11; he s rmi ton n oyme t 967 C ' i the J cot 1) ) ha a s e on a cou ofr c a r lgi i vi a i ofTil V 1 aga ns t D J a t Ciy of r s m nt c nt a e nd e i on n ol ton te l i t he J nd he t Roa ke( no Countl ;dic i nai i vi ai oft Ameia wihDia lte Ac of1 V) srmi ton n olton he rc ns t s biiis t 990 (' $ ADA')a i tt CiyofRoa ' gans he t noke( CountV) vi ai ofhe Fis Ame ; oltons r rt ndme rghtt fe nt i o r e s e ha he Fouree hAmen n rghtt duepr es pu s ntt 42U. C.j 1 a i t pe c nd r t nt dme t i o oc s rua o S. 983 gans Hubbad,Doyl,a O' r ( r e nd Hae CountV1;ac dici nai i vi ai of42U. C.jj1 ) r e srmi ton n olton S. 981 a d 1 3a an tt DJ,heCi o Ro n k , b r , y e a dO' r ( u t I; n 98 g is he J t t f a o e Hu bad Do l, n Hae Co n VI) y v oain o t eFarLa o Sa d r Ac o 1 3 (FLS 'a ans t Ci of a o e( u t i lto s f h i b r tn ads t f 9 8 i A' g i the t Ro n k Co n ( ) y V11;a i e i litre e ewihe oy nta ns t DJ , l) nd ntntona nefr nc t mpl me gai t he J Hubbad, Doyl ( r and e Count The DJ ,Hubba d,a Doyl ha m o f rpa taldi m i s loft s c a e J r nd e ve ved o r i s s a he e ond m nded c antpu s ntt Rulsl b) )a 1 b)6)oft Fedea RulsofCi lPr e e. The ompli , rua o e 2( (1 nd 2( ( he rl e vi oc dur m oton ha be n f l bre ed a i rpe f r vi w . i s e uly i f nd s i or e e St andar ofRe e ds vi w Rul 1 b)1 oft Fe alRue ofCi lPr e epemisapa t t movefrdimisl e 2( ( ) he der ls vi oc dur r t ry o o s sa o a a to frlc o s b e t te j rs ito T panifb ast eb r e o p o igta f n cin o a k f u j c matr u idcin. he litf e r h u d n f r vn h t s b e tmatr u idcine ss Ev nsv. F. r i Co.1 6F.d6 2 6 7(t Ci. 9 9 . u jc te j rs ito xit. a B. Pekns , 6 3 4 , 4 4 h r 1 9 ) Dimis lfrlc o s b e t te j rs ito i a p o raeC n yi temaeilu id ci n l s sa o a k f u j c matr u idcin s p r p it c l f h tra j rs ito a o f c sa e noti diput a t m ovi pa' i e il d t pr va lasam a t rofl w .' l (ntr l at r n' s e nd he ng ly s ntte o e i t te a ' d.i ena ctto a dq o ai nmak o te ) l d cdn amoi nt ds s f rlc o s b e tmatr iain n u tto r s mitd . n e i ig to o imis o a k f u j c te j rs ito ,h e ur s o l ûe a dt epe dn sa meee ie c o teis e a dma u idcin t e o t h ud k g r h la ig s r vd n e n h su , n y r c i re denc out i t pl adi w ihoutc ons de vi e s de he e ngs t onve tng t pr ee ng t one f s m m a y ri he oc di o or u r j d me t' J u g n. . ' Z Rul 1 b)6)oft Fe a Rul ofCi lPr e epemisapa t t movef dimis l e 2( ( he derl es vi oc dur r t ry o or s sa ofaco aitf f l et saea c am upon whih r le c n begr nt d. W he d i ng a mpl n or aiur o t t l i c e if a a e n ecdi moton t dim isf f iur t saea cai ,he c tmus ac e a tue alwe lpl a d i o s s or a l e o t t l m t our t c pt s r l l- e de al ga i a dr w a lr as le tons nd a 1 e onabl f c ua i e e esi t pl i ifsf vo . Viol S. v. e a t l nf r nc n he antf a r t . A. Prme os Shi ncCo.708F. 527,539(t Ci. 3) ûW hieacompli atc dbya i r e ppi , 3d 4h r 201 . i l ant ta ke Rul 1 b)6 motont dimisdoe no ne ddealdfcua aleg tons apli ifsoblgaton e 2( () i o s s s t e tie a t l l ai , antf' i i t pr det goundsofg r entte ntorlefr rsmor t nlbesa c l i , nd o ovi he r hej ilme t ei equie e ha a l nd oncusons a a f m ul i r c t ton oft e e e s ofa c e of a to w ilnotdo. Bel A t.Cor v. or a c e ia i he l m nt aus ci n l ' ' l l p. Twombl 55 U. 544,555( )(nena ctto a quottonmaksomitd) Tos vi y, 0 S. 2007 itr l iain nd ai r te . ur ve dimis lf f iur t sae acai ,ç c s s a or a l e o t t l m ' ompl i mus c an s fc e f t ma tr ac e e a ant t ont i ufi i nt acual te , c pt d ast u ,t û t t a c ai t r le t ti pl us bl on is f c '' A s r t I , U . 662, r e o s a e l m o e i f ha s a i e t a e.' hc of v. nbal 556 S. 678( 9)(uotngTwombl 550U. a 5 . l de i ngaRul 12( ( moto t dimis 200 q i v, S. t 70) n cdi e b)6) in o s s, t c t y c i rtheco pli , hi t at c dt t c he our ma onsde i t m a ntex bis ta he o he ompl i , te sofpublcr c d, ant ma tr i e or a j cal not fcs' Ba tetv.Fr deikCnt ,246F. p' 201 205( hCi. ) nd udiily ed a t. rlt ' e rc y. Ap x , 4t r2007 . D i si seus on 1. M oton t Dim isunde Rul 1 b) 1 i o s s r e 2( ( ) Be or apli ifmay fl s tund Til V1,s i r quie t fl ac r of f e antf ie ui er te 1 he s e r d o ie ha ge ds rmi ai nwi t EEOC. Se 4 U. C. 2 0 e5t() ûA1fiu eb t ep anif o ici n to t he h e 2 S. j 0 0 - ( 1 . 6 alr y h lit t ) g f e us a nitai rme esconc r ngaTil V1 cai de i t fdea c 'sofs j t xha t dmi srtve e di eni te 1 l m prves he e rl oul t ubec matr u idcino e tecam. J ne v Cav r Gr u . d.5 1F.d2 7 3 ( t Ci. te j rs ito v r h li ' o s . le t o p Lt , 5 3 9 , 01 4h r ' 2009 . ) l t sc e, ll a hy c a m st tt aleg i i he s cond a e n hi as A - - bas l i ha he l atons n r e l m nded c pl i w e e om a nt r r ie i f ure r sofdie i i tont ts fldwiht EEOC,a t ts r evedrght o as d n o ha ge s rm na i ha he ie t he nd ha he ec i i t s lter frt c r s. See2dAm. ue et s o he hage Compl!5. I t t r c r ofdici nai ( r . n he hid hage s rmi ton Cha ge No. 201 00687) sgne onJ 3,20l All bas al edt tt DJ dici naed 438- 3, i d une 3, -da hy leg ha he J s rmi t agans he on t bassofr c a r lgi i vi ai ofTil Vl. Shea s al dt tt DJ i t r he i a e nd ei on, n olton te 1 lo lege ha he J r t la e a ns he f e agi i pr eced a tviy,i vi a i ofTil VI . Thec r e a it d gai t r or ng ng n ot t c i t n olton te 1 ha ge i ntfe t D J ast a nc r pons bl f rdi c i i i a r t i tng aga ns he , nd de i i d he J he ge y es i e o s rm natng nd e ala i i t ra ls ed t a es f rt DJ ' 23 A Co tSe vi e U ni i Roa it he ddr s o he J S ur r c tn noke, igi a. Se Ex.3 t Pl' V r ni e o .s Br i Opp' t D J Def . M ot t D i m i s D o ke N o.32.n n o J s' .o s s, c t 3. The DJ now s ks di m i s oft Til V I cl i st tw e e r i e i Cha ge N o. J ee s s al he te I a m ha r a s d n r 438 201 0068 The D J a guest ti ne rr c ve a c oft spa tcul rc r a t , - 37. J r ha t ve e ei d opy hi r i a ha ge nd, hus t tt pl i iff ie t pr pe l e us he a i sr tve r m e es The D J e pha i est t ha he a ntf a l d o o ry xha t r dm ni ta i e di . J m s z ha t EEO C' N otceofCha ge ofD i c i i ton f Cha geN o. he S i r s rm na i or r 438- 3201 00687 w a a e s t s ddr s ed o Car yn Gl ol over,who i notan em pl s oyee oft D J buti t ser ast H um an Resources he J, nsead ves he Die orf t Ciy ofRoa ke.3 Se Ex. t P1' Br i Opp' t DJ Def . M o .o Dimis r ct or he t no e 4 o .s . n n o J s' t t s s , D oc tN o.3 4. ke 2- Ha ngc i r t pa te 'agume s t c t oncl t tt Rul l b)1 vi onsdeed he ris r nt,he our c udes ha he e 2( () m o i t dimism us bede e W hiei i wels tl d t taTil Vl pl i ifmus e us ton o s s t nid. l t s l ete ha te 1 antf t xha t he ad i sr tver m e esbef r tlng s ti f de alc ti i a s we lesa ihe t ts h r m nitai e di o e ii ui n e r our, t s l o l tbls d ha uc pl ntf i d c r dwiht ( ai if s s hage t he EEOC'Ifiur t pef issaut ydutes' Ruselv. not S al e o ronn t tt or i . ' sl Ameia Toba coCo.5 F. 357,365(t Ci.1 ;s ealoB. B. M a Polc De t rc n c , 28 2d 4h r 975) e s K. v. ui ie p', 276F. 1 ,11 (t Ci. 02)(mphaszngt tçg nyot rr ewo dbei onsse 3d 091 02 9h r 20 e ii ha ial he ul ul nc itnt wiht rmedi pur esoft saut s' Unde t r l antsaut t EEOC i t he e al pos he tt egj). r he eev tt e,he s rs i ef rsr ngnotc ofac geofdici nai ona e oye . Se 42U. C.j e ponsbl o e vi ie har srmi ton n mpl r e S. 2000e5( (t he verac r i fldbyoronbe l ofape s cli ngt bea ive ... - b) C ne W ha ge s ie haf ron ami o ggre d, algngt t n e ly r. . a e g g d i a u lwf l mpo me tp a tc ,h L le i ha a mp o e . h s n a e n n na u e ly n rcie te EEOCIs l hal srv anotc oft chage... s e o r.,..) Consque l t EEOC' fit et e e ie he r on uch mplye '. ' e nty,he S all o r f flti sau oyd t d e no b rap aniffo s e igj d ca r l f Ev nsv. ulilh s tt tr u y o s t a litf r m e kn u iil ei . a e MAAXKSD Cor , 06p.No. 2804,2006U. Dit LEXI 8 42,a *8- ( D.Pa. S. s. S 71 t 9 E. Nov.3 0, 2006 ;s eas W ilamsv.Oc nBe chCl LLC, 2: v461, 1U. Dit LEXI ) e lo li ea a ub. No. 09c 201 S. s. S 55276,a * ( D. .Apr 29, 1 ( dngt tt pl ntf e usedhe a nitai t 20 E. Va . 201 ) holi ha he ai if xha t r dmi srtve r e e whe s fl a c r wih t EEO C,i e r es oft EEO C ' a r ntf iur t em di s n he ied ha ge t he ' ga dl s he r S ppa e a l e o pr deDee nt noi ofi'. ovi fnda s tce t' ) I t sc e, r N o. n hi as Cha ge 438- 3201 0068 w hi h w a sgned by Al l a s i ntfe t 7, c si -- ba hy, de i i d he l DJ a t a nc r ponsbl f re J s he ge y es i e o ngagi i dic i i ton a r t iton, nd lse t a es ng n s rm na i nd eala i a it d he ddr s 3 Thecour not t tt se r lkey r uledfom t f tt tAll a s tl a s aechar of t es ha hi ror i l es t r he ac ha -- ba hy ied epar t l ge dicrmi i agai tt CiyofRoanoke on t s dayt ts fld ChageNo.438- 3s i naton ns he t he ame ha he ie r 201 00687 a ns gai t t DJ. he J 8 f rt DJ ' 23- Cour Se vi Uni. Thec r em a nor e e t Ca ol Gl rora o he J S A t r ce t ha g de ef r nce o r yn ove ny o he em pl yee oft Ciy ofRoa t r o he t noke,a Al l aba hy had no r e i pr rng t notc t t nd -- s l ol n epa i he i e ha c a ne i or e ti or a i n i t sr ga d. Be a e A ll a s pl i y i ntfe t D J i ont i d nc r c nf m to n hi e r c us -l ba hy a nl de i d he J n Cha geNo.438- 3r 201 00687, nd r ceve argh t s lte fo t EEOC wihr s tt t t a e i d i t o ue et r r m he t e pec o ha c pl i ,t cou tc ude t ts a qua e y ex us e he a i sr i r m edi s om a nt he r oncl s ha he de t l ha t d r dm ni tatve e e. Ac o dngy t ep ril to t d s s f rlc o s be t te j rs it nwil ed nid. c r i l ,h a ta moin o imis o a k f u j c matr u idci lb e e o l. I M oton t Dim isunderRul 1 b)6 i o s s e 2( ( ) Th DJ d fn a t h veas mo e t ds s c rancamsu d rRul 1 ( )6 . e J ee d n s a lo v d o imis e ti li n e e 2 b ( ) Spe ii a l t y s k di m i s lofA ll a s sc a m f rr lgi usdi c i i ton i vi a i of c f c ly, he ee s s a -- ba hy' l i o e i o l s rm na i n ol ton Til V I ;he c ai f ag di c i i ton i vi a i oft AD EA ;he c ai f ha as m en on te 1 r l m or e s rm na i n ol ton he r l m or r s t t ba i ofrlgi i vi ai ofTil V1; rco tt ina cai unde 42U. C.j1 3, nd he ss ei on n olton te Ihe nsiuto l l ms r S. 98 . a he cam f rr c dic i nai i vi ainof42U. C.jj1 1a 1 3. Thecour wil r li o a e srmi ton n olto S. 98 nd 98 t l a e s e c oft s cl i s i t n. ddr s a h he e a m n ur A. Relzi D i m i i i ous scri nat on l Co 1 oft s cond a e n unt 1 he e m nded c pl nt A ll a s c a m st tt DJ om ai , - l ba hy l i ha he J dici nae a i the ont ba i o he r i o i vi ai ofTil V1. See42U. C.j s rmi td gans r he ss f r elgin,n olton te l S. 20 e- a( )( ohi tnga e oye fom dici nai ' gans a i vi lwihrs c 00 2()1 pr bii n mpl r r s rmi tng l i t ny ndi dua t e pe t a t gh l. .ems c n iins o p iie e o e l y n, e a s o s hid vd a' r c , o te . tr , o dto , r rvlg s f mp o me tb c u e f uc n i iu ls a e col , ei on,sx, nai lorgn'. l movi t dimist spo tonofCo t1 unde Rul orr lgi e or tona ii ' n ) ng o s s hi ri un 1 r e 1 b)6) t DJ aguest tt pli ifûaist alget s ii c 2( ( ,he J r ha he antf ' l o le he pecfc onduc whihwa f t c s di c i i t y a ns he bas o herr lgi ' ork he t c s r m na or gai t r ed n e i on, ' s n he onduc o ur e ' D J ' Br i w t cc r d. ' J S .n Supp.ofPartalM ot t D i i s 9,D ocketN o.41. Fort f l i r ons,how ever t court i . o sm s he olow ng eas , he i unabl t agree. s eo 9 l Co 1,Alla s s ii al cli t tt DJ dic i i t d agans he on t n unt 1 -- ba hy pecfc ly a ms ha he J s rm na e l i t r he bas sofherr lgi when i f ie t s l c he f t s r s y post o t ts a i d f i i e i on t a l d o e e t r or he upe vi or ii n ha he pple or n 201 All a s a l est tt ts wasqualfe f rt posto a t s wa 1. -- ba hy leg ha ha he l ii d o he ii n, nd hat he s i e vi we by apa ofDJ e o si Novembe of2011 Ac or ngt All a hy, ne ntr e d nel J mpl yee n r . c di o -- bas no l oft pa lm e be swer M us i . She a l ge t tt pa m e be s be am e a e ofhe he ne m r e lm le s ha he nel m r c war r r i o bei f whe s a rve f t i e viw, a es wa dr s d i tadii lM usi elgi us le s n he ri d or he ntr e bec us he s es e n r tona lm a tr a dec i d t s ke ha w ih a m al pa m e be f r lgi r s . A l l a s ti e nd lne o ha nds t e nel m r or e i on ea ons -- ba hy l alg st a s ewa teo l a pl a tfrt ep sto wihs pevs r e p re c i aj v nl l e h t h s h ny p i n o h o iin t u r ioy x ein e n u e i e c e c ts ti a t tt DJ none hel s s l c e a l s qua i i d, our e tng, nd ha he J t e s e e t d es lfe non- us i a i a . She M lm pplc nt f t ra l gest tt DJ ha ne rhied a pe s o t M us i r i on a a s r i ori t urhe le ha he J s ve r r on f he lm elgi s upe v s n he 23r Cour Se vi e U ni. d t r c t A s um i t tut ofA ll a s sale tons t c tc l st the c a m of s ng he r h -- ba hy' l ga i , he our onc ude ha r l i l r lgi dic i i ton i s fc e t wihsa t DJ Smoton t dim is SeeBa av. e i ous s rm na i s ufii nt o t t nd he J' i o s s. l Vicn aDe t fCo s r ain& Re rain 5 2F. p' 3 2 3 4 3 ( t Ci. 3 r ii p'o n ev to ce to , 3 Ap x 3 , 3 - 5 4h r 201 ) (mp szngt ttapli ifne dnotetbls aprmafci ca eg dici nai i or rt e ha ii ha t antf e sa ih i a e s of srmi tonl n de o s rv ve am oton t di m i s' a hol ng t tt pl ntf ' cl i ofr c a na i lo i n u i i o s s ,' nd di ha he ai i f s a m a e nd tona r gi di c i i ton w a s fci nty pl d w he e t pl i ifça l d t tl squa ii d a i an sw e e s rm na i s uf i e l e r he a ntf i lege ha es lfe pplc t r s e t f r(nji evi a t tt sr e ngpa lf t postonc itdofonl one elced o a ntr ew nd ha he c e ni ne or he ii onsse y Ca sa mae'. Ac di y,t Rul 1 b)6)motonwilbede e wihrs c t t s uca in 1 ' ) cor ngl he e 2( ( i l nid t e pe t o hi Cj ln. .' af . B. A eeD i m i i scri nat on I Count1 1 Al H abashy cl m s t t D J di cr m i ed agai heron accountofage, n 1, ai hat he J s i nat nst i vi ai oft ADEA. Se 29U. C.j623()1 ( ki itunlwf f a e oye . .o n olton he e S. a( ) ma ng tû a ul or n mpl r . t 10 d shag o oh r s ds rmiaea ans a yidv d l t r s e to ( r c mpe sto ic r e r tewie ici n t g i t n n iiua wi e p c t heq o n ain, h t ms c tons orprvie ofe o ntbec us ofs hi vi lsage'. Fo t er , ondii , i lges mplyme , a e uc ndi dua' ' ) r he f l ngr a ons t c t oncl st tt scli i ba r by t Elve h Am e e t t olowi e s , he our c ude ha hi am s red he e nt ndm nt o he U nie St t s Co tt ton. t d a e ns iu i Pur ua t t El ve h Am e e ,t n unc e i St t i i m une f om s t s nt o he e nt ndm nt t a ons ntng a e s m r uis br oughti fdealc 'sbyhe owncii ns' Edema v.J da 41 U. 651, 63( 974) n e r oul t r tze . ' l n or n, 5 S. 662- 1 . Thi pr e ton a s e e t s a e a nci s a a nt , ce sofUni ofCa . D oe, 9 U . s ot c i l o xt nds o t t ge e nd ge s Re nt v. l v. 51 S. 4 , 2 ( 9 7 , ih aec nsd r dE r s o teSae'M t He l y Ci S h. s. . f 25 4 9 1 9 ) whc r o iee k mgl f h tt , . at t c Dit Bd o a ' h y Educ v.Doyl,429U. 27 28 ( 977) . e S. 4, 0 1 . l t sca e A ll a s doe no di p e t tt DJ i a s a e a nc N ordoess n hi s , - l ba hy s t s ut ha he J s t t ge y. he a s r t tt Com m o ea t sEl ve h A m e s e t ha he nw lh' e nt ndm e i m uniy ha bee a oga e by t nt m t s n br t d he AD EA orw a ve by t D J l e A ll a hy a know l dged i a pr vi usbr e t tt CDJ i d he J. nde d, -- bas c l e n e o i f ha he S J i i m une f om s tf m o y dam a unde t A ge Di crm i ton i Em pl m e Ac , sm r ui or ne ges r he s i na i n oy nt t purua t Ki lv. a. ofRec s 528U, 62( )5 P1' Br i Opp' t DJ SMott s nto me Fl Bd. ent, S. 2000 . .s .n ' n o J' .o D i m i s 3,Doc tN o.20. l K i e ,t Unie St t s Supr m e Cour hel t t( he AD EA s s ke n m l he t d a e e t d ha C t g s n t vai e ecs o Co r s ' we u e j5o t eFo re nhAme d n l 'a d wa q o a l x r ie f ng e s po r nd r f h u te t d n me t,' n , l tus ta ist r re a r g to o teS ae ' o rini nt . .waji v ld' Ki l h ,h t t û po td b o ain f h tts s veeg mmu iy . g s n ai. me, pu ' 528 U. a 91 Ac di y,theSt t 's r gn i S. t . cor ngl l t aes ove ei mmuniy i t a eaofa dic i nai n t n he r ge s rmi to rmai i ac. Skaaursv.CivofNe Yor 444F. x466,468( Ci. 1. e ns nt t' ' lf i t w k, App' 2d r 201 ) I a ton t m one a y da age , ll a s spr ye f r lefi l n ddii o t r m s A -- ba hy' a r or e i nc udesa ge r r que t l ne al e s fri r s e tv ij n t erl f' 2 Am. mpl2 Cli frij n tv r l fa an t tt o k o p ci e nu ci ei . d p v e ' Co . 4. ams o nu cie ei g is sae e of i al ar notneces iy bar ed by t El f ci s e sar l r he event A m endm ent l Ex part Y oung,209 U . h . n e S. 1 ( 908)t SuprmeCo te nie a e e i t Elve hAme 23 1 ,he e ur rcog z d n xc pton o e nt ndme i niy, ch ntmmu t whi i emisafd r l o r t is ep o pe tv ,nu t rle a an tasaeo sc rt p e n ' r t e e a c u t o su r s cie ij nci eif g is tt f e o rve t p ve ong ng vi a i off de a l on t r to l t ts h s ti nota s tag ns t s a e f r oi ol tons e r l aw he a i na e ha uc ui s ui ai t he t t o pur e oft Elve hAme pos s he e nt ndme .' M c r vv.Cuc i li61 F. 393,399( hCi. nt' Bunç cnel, 6 3d 4t r 201 . Toi oket e e i howev ,t pl ntf mus brngs tagans t pr rsat 0) nv he xc pton, er he ai if t i ui i t he ope t e of i a s a no a i tt sat ag nc is f A st Su em e Cour m a c e i Pue t Ri o fci l nd t ga ns he t e e y t el he pr t de l ar n ro c Auue & Se rAuhort v.M ec f& Ed l ,506U. 139( 93 ,heExpat Young dud we t iv tal dy,nc. S. 19 ) t re exc pton i no a i ton i s t a i tt St t a t i age e ,whi h a e ba r d e i d has pplca i n uis ga ns he a es nd he r nci s c r re r dl oft relefs egar ess he i ought' 1 a 146. .' d. t l t sc s ,heme efc ta Alla a h s e p o pe t ,n u ci r l fd e n t n hi a e t r a t h t -lb s y e ks r s ci ij n t ei o s o ve ve e pr l t a i to oft El ve h A m e ec ude he pplca i n he e nt ndm e . Aspr vi l s a e Al l a s sAD EA nt e ous y t t d, -- ba hy' l cli i a s redonl a ns t DJ , saea nc Ac or ng y,heExpareYou e e i am s s e t y gai t he J a t t ge y. c di l t t ng xc pton t El e h Ame e i o ev nt ndm nt mmuniy doe nota y. Be aus t El ve h Am e t s ppl c e he e nt ndme ba st nt r he co tf om co i i A lH a hy' A D EA c a m asi i c r nty a l ge Countl1w ilbe ur r nsderng bas s li t s ur e l le d, l l d s se wih u p eu ie S eS a i v. lwae 5 3F. p' 1 6, 98( dCi. 01 ) imis d t o t rj dc . e h hn Dea r, 6 Ap x 9 1 3 r 2 4 ( di t tt pli ifsADEA cam wa bardbyt ElvenhAme me wheet hol ng ha he antf li s re he e t nd nt r he pli iftie s tagans t Stt ofDelwaea g saea nc a di notna a sae antf û ld ui i t he ae f a r nd a tt ge yl nd d me ny tt ofi as';s ealoHa t nv.Uni ofM d.a Bali e No. fcil' e s rma ) v. t tmor, ELH- 0- ,201 U. Dit 1 2041 3 S. s. LEXI 1 S 79454,a *16- ( M d. e, 20l ( di t tt Expat Younge pto di t 17 D. De 20, 3) hol ng ha he re xce in d nota y t t pl i if sA D EA c a m ag ns as a e u ve s t a t tt c ai w a ba r d by ppl o he a ntf ' l i ai t t t ni r iy, nd ha he l m s r e t Elve hAme he e nt ndme ) nt. C. Relai v H os ie W ork Envi i ousl tl ronm ent l CountI oft second am ended com pl nt Al ll bas aleges t D J em pl n V he ai , --a hy l hat J oyees thaa s d ( r on a c û rs e hel c ount( helrlgi 'ceai ahosiewor e r of r ei onn r tng ' tl k nvionme i vi ai of nt n olton 12 TieVI. 2 Am. mpl!1 5. C saeah si wo ke vio me tcam,t epanif mu t t I d l Co . 1 C tt o tl r n r n n li gh litfl s TO e alget t ( )s e re dunwelomehaasme '()t ha a s n wa ba e onhe le ha : 1 he xpeince c r s nt 2 he r sme t s s d , r Lelginq ( t haa s ntwa s fcenl s veeo per svet ale t c tonsof r i o ; 3) he rsme s ufii ty e r r va i o tr he ondii e oymenta c e t a a i amos r a ( t r i s mebassf i i la lt mpl nd r ae n busve t phee; nd 4) hee s o i or mposng ibiiy ont e oye . Bas v. l DupontdeNe he mpl r' ' s E.. mour & Co.3 F. 761 765( hCi.2003 . s , 24 3d , 4t r ) H a ng ca e uly r vi w e A ll a hy' s c a e d c pl i a t a gum e t vi r f l e e d -- bas s e ond m nde om a nt nd he r l ns c anedi he brefi opposto t c tsconsr i dt eoncudet tt scam i s b e tt onti n r i n iin,he our i tane o l ha hi li s u j c o di m i s . I herbr e i o s s al n i f n ppost o A ll a s q t s f om t f l i pa a a oft ii n, -- ba hy uo e r he olow ng r gr ph he l s c a nde c e ond me d ompli ,whi h s mant i i s fcen t sa eavi bl hosie wo k ant c he i ans s ufii t o tt a e tl r e r m e c ai : nvi on nt l m l mmeditl ( nbec nghers r s lDoyl bega t ha a s... ai if aey upo omi upe vior e n o r s Pl ntf by,a ong o he be vi s r usng t a ni o m t r ha or , ef i r i ng ppor unii s f Pl i ifa f ded t t te or a ntf f or o ot rsm ia l s t t d em pl es hi i Pl i iff om obt i ng he i l ry iua e oye , nderng a ntf r a ni r i bur e e f e ns s i ur ed i he e pl m e , i ove l a e m s m nt or xpe e nc r n r m oy nt be ng r y nd dipaaey ciialofhe j pef ma e, si i nghe f a tonst tot s rtl rtc r ob ror nc dicplni r or ci ha her s m ia l st t d pe s w ho w e e notM us i ... e e notdi c plne r us ng i l r y iua e r ons r lm w r s i i d, ef i t pe s l i e ac w ih Pl i i f a i r ng Pl i tf i publc a e oft o r onaly nt r t t a ntf , nd gno i a n if n i r as he of i e. fc 2dAm . Compl!67. Thec ta e wiht DJ t tt ef t dono desrbet tpeof . our gres t he J ha hes acs t ci he y s ve e orper s ve r lgi - s ha a s e tne s a y t s a e a hos ie wor e r e e r va i e i ous ba ed r s m n ce s r o t t tl k nvionm nt cam. Se Buc na v. CFI '.I .545F. x 21 21 ( hCi. 3)( di t tt li e ha n I ntl nc, App' 7, 9 4t r 201 hol ng ha he c onduc de c i d i t c t s rbe n he ompli f l s t be ng s ver orpe vasvee ant el hor of i e e r i nough t e t bls a o sa ih n a i e r e ,whe e t pl i ifa l ged t the s r i or ove t c r e ofni bus ve nvionm nt r he a ntf le ha r upe v s , r he ou s ne mont ,yelda he a meei ,ma çni co nt't he,C a e f vo ieswih hs le t r t tngs de k de mme s'o r i ygdl a rt t s pl e oyee andpite e oy sagans e hot r'a û arysr i z ed)a ciii d' mpl s tgdj mpl ee i t ac he, nd û il cutnieg nd rtcze ' ' unf t pli tf ' us ofl vea he c i nc wiht s r s ' die tve l s ea s Ba s 324 he a n ifs e ea nd r ompla e t he upe viors r c i s ; e lo s , F. a 765(mphaszi t twhiet pli ifsco antwa 'ul ofpr blmss 3d t e i ng ha l he antf' mpli s t l o e he f 13 e pe i nc d wih he c x re e t r owor r a s pe vs s' i di noti s rbet t peofs ve e o ke s nd u r ior,' t d d c i he y de e r r peva i ge r rc ora ba e a tviynec s ayt saeahosiewo ke r ntcam' . r sve nde ,a e, ge s d ci t e s r o tt tl r nvionme li ' ) A c r ngl t m oton t di m i sw ilbe g a ed w ih r s c t t spori ofCo tl . co di y, he i o s s l r nt t e pe t o hi ton un V D. Constt i i ut onalCl m s ai I CountV I A ll a hy a s r sa num be ofc a m saga ns H u r a Doyl unde 42 n , -- bas s e t l r li i t bba d nd e r U. C.j 1 whihi escvila lt ona perona tngundercol ofsae1w t S. 983, c mpos i l ibiiy ny s ci or tt a o de i a t rpe s ofrght a prvie ss cu e byt Co tt i a l wsoft Unie prve nohe r on i s nd i l ge e r d he nsiuton nd a he t d St t . Spe f c ly,A ll aba hy c a m s t tt s de e nt de i he ofa pr ec e a es cii a l -- s l i ha he e f nda s prved r l ot t d pr r y i e e ti vi a i oft Due Pr es Cl us oft Four e nt A m e e ,a t t ope t nt r s n ol ton he oc s a e he te h ndm nt nd ha t y r t la ed a i the f r e r sng he Fi s A m e m e r ghtt f ee s e h. he e a i t ga ns r o xe cii r rt nd nt i o r pe c 1. D ue Process Cl m ai W ih r pe tt t tr tcli ,All bas a lgest ts ha a û onsiutona l t es c o he is am -da hy le ha he d û tt i ly c pr e t pr pe t i t r ti he e pl e ' asa non- oba i r e pl ot c ed o ry n e es n r m oym nt' pr tona y m oyee oft Ciy of he t Roa ke. 2dAm.Co . !20,1 Shef t raleg t tt Ciytr nae he no mpl! 33. urhe l es ha he t emi td r e pl m oymen ,t Hu r a Doyl pa tci t d i t t r nai n de ii a t tt y tdi t hat bba d nd e ri pa e n he e mi to c son, nd ha he s d notafor g r duepr s befr tki a rea tona ns he . J . 77- 1 f d heq oce s o e a ng dves ci gai t r' #a! 78, 37. ' Eve a s i t tA ll a s ha a pr ec ed pr t i er s i herc i d n s um ng ha -- ba hy d l ot t opery nt e t n ontnue e pl en w ih t Ciy, he coul c nc ude t ts ha f l d t a m oym t t he t t ' o l s ha he s aie o dequa e y pl ad a pr dur l t tl e oce a due pr es c a m ag ns t s de e nt . I Cl ve a Boa d ofEduc ton v. oc s l i ai t he e f nda s n e l nd r ai Loude m il 470 r l, U. 5 ( 985 ,heUniedSttsSupr Cour outi t duepr s pr eci t tmus S. 32 1 ) t t ae eme t lned he oce s ot tons ha t be a f de t t nur publc e pl yee . The Cour he d t tk l t pr s t ti due i f or d o e ed i m o s t l ha s l he oce s ha s a s provi by a pre-er i i opporuniy t r ded t m naton t t o espond,coupl w ih pos -er i i ed t t t m naton a nita i pr dur .' L- a 547- W he a e oye i afor d a qua e dmi sr tve oce es' d t 48. z n n mpl e s f de de t pos-e m i ton pr ed es t pr -em i ton he rng û ednotbeelbor t 'ord fniel tt r na i oc ur , he e t r na i ai i ne a a e' s i t y de r s ve t pr i t oft di c r ' 1 a 5 e ol he opr e y he s ha ge.' d. t 45. l ne onl s r e asi n i ta c c a i t t ed y e v û nii l he k ga ns a m i t ke de s ons' 1 D ue pr es i s ts i d w he e t e pl e r c vespr -er i ton s a n ci i . d. ' oc s s a i fe r he m oye e ei e t m na i S a orwrte noi oft c r a i t( r, ne a tonoft e oye ' e denc ,a i l itn tce he hages gans hel a xplnai or he mpl rs vi e nd a opporuniyt pr e ( r sdeoft sor ' 1 a 546. n t t o esnt hel i he t y. d. t ' l t s c e, ll a hy' s c a e d c pl i i e i e y de d ofa s cii n hi as A -l bas s e ond m nde om a nt s ntr l voi ny pe fc alega i o pr dur lde i e i sr l t d t he t r i to She k nota l ge a f c s l tons f oce a fci nc e e a e o r e m na i n. ' has le d ny a t s ugge tng t ts w asno a a e oft c s i ha he tw r he onduc f whi h s w a t r i t d,t ts di not t or c he s e m na e ha he d have a opporuniy t r po pr ort he t r i ton,' t s w a nota f de ac es t n t t o es nd i o r e m na i ' or hat he s f or d c s o pos - e m i ton a i s r tve pr ed es J hne tv. a i N o. K B- - 552, 1 U . tt r na i dm nit a i oc ur . e r Fr nkln, J I1 201 S. Dit LEXI 98 a *1 ( M d.Fe 1 2011. I t a enc ofa fcua alegai t s. S 42, t 0 D. b. , ) n he bs e ny a t l l tons o s uppor he c us r as e ton t ts w asde ed due pr e sby H ubba d a D o e t c t t r oncl o y s r i ha he ni oc s r nd yl , he our c l onc udest the due pr e s c ai a ns t e de enda t m us be dim i s d. See a s ha r oc s l m gai t hes f n s t s se lo G l st t v.Rehab.Ser Com m ' N o.2: cv-125,2008 U . D it LEX IS 25070,at*29 as eter vs. n, 07S. s . ( D.Ohi Ma .28,2008)( di t tt pli ifsvag ,c l or ase tont ts wa S. o r hol ng ha he antf' ue oncus y sri ha he s de e due pr s di nots ts y t pl ad ng r quie e sf a pr - prva i pr ed a due ni d oce s d a i f he e i e r m nt or e de i ton oc ur l pr es cl i ,a e pha i ng t tt r w a no a s ngl f c ua a l a i i t c pl i oc s a m nd m s zi ha he e s t i e a t l leg ton n he om a nt r ga d ngt e e t whih t pl ntf wa pz de notc a a opporu t t r s e r i he xt nt o c he ai if s ovi d ie nd n tniy o e pondpro ir t he tr nai . o r emi ton) 2. Fi tA m endm entCl m rs ai A lll hy al o asser sa Fis A m endm entr ala i cl m agai tHubbar and D oyl --abas s t rt et i t on ai ns d e. Specii l Alll hy alegest s engaged i pr ect speech w hen s com pl ned about f caly, --abas l hat he n ot ed he ai e oyme dicrmi ton,ha Hubbada Do edookad r ea tona i tg r t i ude mpl nt s i nai t t r nd yl t t ve s ci gans heq o ncl afe tng a t r nai he e oy e , a t the pr ece s c i a s t nta o f c i nd e mi tng r mpl m nt' nd ha r ot td pee h s ' was ubsa il r motvai fco i t edee nt'de sont tkea reaci agans r r. 2dAm. i tng a tr n hes fnda s cii o a dve s ton i t hej' ' Co . 1 35. mpl!! 32a. Oualfe l m uniy ii d m t To t ext ntt tAl l aba hy' Fis Am e e c ai i as e t d a ns Hubba d a he e ha -- s s r t l ndm nt l m s s r e gai t r nd Doyl i t i i vi lca c tes t DJ defnda sa g t tHubba d a Doyl a ee ild e n he r ndi dua pa ii , he J e nt r ue ha r nd e r ntte t q lfe i o uaiid mmuniy. k ii i t k fed mmuniyprtcsg r ntofii sfom cvi da ge i oual t oe t ovemue fcal r i l ma s n aj 1 a tonçns a ast i c 983 ci i ofr her onduc doe no vi aecla l etbls dsauol or t s t olt e ry sa ihe ttt y c tt i ons iutonalrght ofwhi h a r s na e pe s w oul ha know n.' Edw a ds v.Civ of i s c ea o bl r on d ve '' r t Gol bor 1 F. 231 250( h Ci.1 (uoi Hal v.Fizg ad, 7U. 800,81 ds o, 78 3d , 4t r 999) q tng row t erl 45 S. 8 (98 ) $ndee ni whehe adee nti e ildt quaiidi 1 2). ; tnni ng t r fnda s ntte o lfe mmuniy,ac tne not I t our ed fr tdetnni whe he t de e nta t ly vi aed t pl i ifssat or orc tt i is e ne t r he f nda cual olt he antf ' t ut y onsiutonal rg t. Sike v S t el 41 F. p' 2 8 2 ( t Ci. 1 )( i n P as nv. la a , ih s' tc ly . u h ry, 6 Ap x 6 , 71 4h r 20 1 ct g e ro Calh n ' i 555U. 223( ). Rahe,Chec 'ma frtdee mi whehe t rghti quetonwa S. 2009 ) t r t oul y is tr ne t r he i n si t t s ' e ry e tbls d'a t tme oft aleg vi a i a i i wa no ,t cour nee gono cla l sa ihe t he i he l ed olton, nd f t s t he t d f t r' l urhe . d ' l t sc s , hec t i s ha l i fe biiyt bepa tc a l a opra ea t , n hi a e t our fnds uc naytc l xi lt o ri ulry ppr it nd, hus w ilc i ronl whe he A ll a hy' r g t c pl n a l ons de y t r -- bas s i ht o om ai boute pl entdi c i i ton was l m oym s rm na i c e r y esa i he a t tm e ofhe t r i ton. C r g i c e r y es a i hed i t c our of l a l t bls d t he i r e m na i 1 i ht s l a l t bls A f he ont s t rg aes fce ty ce s t tar s bl g tcal woul ha unde sood,u rt he iht r ufiinl lar o ha ea ona e ofi i l d ve rt nde he c r um s a satha t thi be vi vi a e t rght' Ca pbe lv. a l ic t nce nd, ha s ha or ol t d he i . ' m l G loway, 483 F. 3d 258, ( hCi.2007) l ohe wor ,kxitngprce ntmus ha plc t sautr or 271 4t r . n t r ds de si e de t ve a ed he tt oy 16 consiutonalque ton'c r e byt ofi i l' yond de t .' As r tv.a - dd,131 S. tt i si ' onfontd he tc a t be ba e' hc of lKi Ct 2074,2083( ) . 2011. W he he a publc e pl e' s e h i pr e t by t Fis A m e t r i m oye s pe c s ot c ed he r t ndm e de nds i pa t nt pe n r upon whe he i t a be 'ary c r trz asco tt i s c on am at rofpublc t r t i y f il ha ace ied m nsiutng pee h te i c en.' l ( i Conni v. yes 461U. 1 ,1 ( 983). M atr ofpublcconc l onc r '' d.quotng ck M r, S. 38 46 1 ) tes i em a e t e of'gr a s a , ii al oro he i t r s t a c m t iy. Ri t v.Bd. r hos t e t oci l poltc , t r n e e t o om m t ' dpa h ' of Govenor ofM as l Uni ,4 F. 292,31 (t Ci. r s rhal v. 47 3d 6 4h r 2006) Suc matr l )noti l . h tes i dog ncude t r onalc pl i s a gre nc a pe s om a nt nd i va es boutco t o ofc pl m e .' Dur m v.J ndii ns m oy nt'' ha ones 737 , F. 291 300( hCi.201 )(uoi Ca 3d , 4t r 3 q tng mpbel, 3F. a 267) seas Stomanv.Coleon l48 3d t ; e lo r lt Cnt Sc Dit,981F, 15 l ( hCi.1 (t ro lgre nc ,c ant a t v. h. s. 2d 2, 56 4t r 992) k s na iva es ompli s bou pe c ondii ofem pl ent ore es i abo ot m a t r ofpe s li e e tdo notc tt e tons oym , xpr s ons ut her te s r ona nt r s ons iut s ec aboutm a t r ofpublc c e n t ta e pr e e by t Fis Am e pe h te s i onc r ha r ot ct d he r t ndm e , a e m a t r nt but r te s mor i ditl c er dwiht s fi e etoft s a ra e oye '. W hehe e mme aey onc ne t he el-ntr s he pe ke s mpl e.) ' tr s e addr s a m a t r ofpublc conc r ore es e aprva e gre nc i de e m i by is pe ch es es te i en xpr s s i t i va e s t r ned t l tnt fr a c e . Dur m,737F. a 299(ntr cttonandquottonmaks t e om nd ontxt' con ' ha 3d t i enal iai ai r omit . ted) l t se e, he pl i i fc a m s t ts w ast r i t d i r t la i f he pr o n hi as t a ntf l i ha he e m na e n e a i ton or r i r c ompli sofempl e dic i na i ant oym nt s rmi ton. Thec ompli sçc it d ofi e nalc ant tonsse nt r ompli st ant o DJ , . Ch r e s o Dici n to gie )wiht eEq a Emp o me tOp o tni J . . ag gl f s rmiai n fld t h u l l y n p ru t y Commison, a l uisprvi l tldi t sc t 2dAm.Co . 39. l t s si ' nd aws t e ousy ie n hi our. ' mpl! n he e compl nt t plitf a sre kha he fiu et pr e sbe ai s,he anif se td k t r alr o ogrs yondt i talneviw sa go t he nii itr e tge fr t s pevior postonswiht DJjwasduet dici nai ba e uponhe age rce a he u r s y ii t he J o s rmi ton s d r , a , nd 17 r l in. I . 38 s eas i . 63 Th plitf as a sre t a teDJ rtlae a an th r ei o ' d ! . e lo d ! . e an if lo se td h th J eaitd g is e g ' , f c m pl ni a utdi c i i ton. or o ai ng bo s r m na i W hie c pl i t ofunl w f di c i i ton a r t i ton ca c tt e m a t r of l om a n s a ul s rm na i nd e à la i n ons iut te s publc co e n,s h c pl i sa e i ta w a 'm a t r ofpublc c e n. Ca pbe l 483 F. i nc r uc om a nt r s l ys' te s no i onc r m l, 3d at268(mpha i i orgna) W hehe s h c ai sa e ss n ii l. t r uc ompl nt mountt mat sofpublcc r i o ter i oncen n any gi n c e t ve as û ndson t co e ,f m a c e oft compl nt' I a 269. S si depe he nt nt or nd ont xt he ai . d. t ' ' Thi s a hi y f ti e i i r whi h m ay be i l nc d by a va i t off c or , Stc e 41 ghl ac -nt nsve nquiy, c nf ue e ny r e y a t s' i kl y, 6 ' F. pp' a 27 i l ng w he he a i i dua w a m e e y s e ng r dr s f he ow n per onal A x t 2, nc udi t r n nd vi l s r l e ki e e s or r s empl ntgiva s Co r Br v. t ,68 F. 367,37 37 ( hCi. 2) oyme re nce . mpae ooks Arhur 5 3d 2, 4 4t r 201 ( di t tt plitf sEEO c ant whihrfre t rc a rlgi wa notona hol ng ha he anif ompli , c eerd o a e nd ei on, s m at rofpublcc er wher t c te i onc n, e he ompl ntwa C e eewih 1sa m e''a di noti e k ai s t plt t ' nd r s' nd d de s a hi ot t na i ove n ofhi ownst ton' ; t Campbelv.Galo y, 3F. nyt ng her ha n mpr me t s iuai ' wih ) l lwa 48 3d 258,269- ( h Ci.2007)( di t tafmaepolc ofie ' lte c ani ofsxual 70 4t r hol ng ha e l ie fc rs etr ompli ng e ha a s e ta ge rdic i na i t he on mat r ofpublcconc r whe et l te r s m n nd nde s rmi ton ouc d te s i e n, r he et r çi l edc ant a i pr praec uc die t t dsot rfmae ( fc s'a çncud ompli s boutnap o it ond t r ced owar he e l ofierl' nd C mbe soft publc'a di no meel s e (or s vegheofie 'lownpes na s me r he i,' nd d t r y e k t eol t fc rs t ro l pr e ';s as Hil v. ofEduc.No. DQ- - 672,201 U. Dit LEXI 1 oblm' ee lo r Bd. l ks , W 09 1 0 S. s. S 29005 a ,t *1 ( Md, c,7, 0)( di t tapl ntf salgai we ei ufi e t e tbls t t 5 D. De 201 hol ng ha ai if le tons r ns tcint o sa ih ha hi s e h i ved a m a t rofpublc c s pe c nvol te i once n,whe e t pl i ifa l ge t the c pl i r r he a ntf le d ha om a ned a boutdi c i i t y k i t e t e die t d a hi pe s l a w hi h a r nty a f c e onl s r m na or û s r a m nt r c e t m r onaly, nd c ppa e l f e t d y m hi ' (ntr lciai a quoai maksomitdl Ta orv. m' i ena tton nd tton r ) te ; vl Count ofPuls , v akiNo. 7: 06CV00467,2008U. DitLEXI 79228,a * ( . Va Oc. 2008 ( di t tt S. s. S t 20 W D. . t 8, ) hol ng ha he pl ntf ' EEOC char and race di cri i t on l s tdi notcons iut m atersofpublc ai i f s ge s m na i aw ui d tt e t i 18 c nc r , ic ç oh o r emigyf c se ju o t ec nd c dr ce a ans (h p an if o en sn e û t vewh l n l o u ld p n h o u t ie td g i t t e litfl b a t ham t talge yrs tdt hi '. nd he r ha le dl eule o m' ) l t s c e t r co d i c t t tAll a s sc pl i sofdi c i i to a n hi as , he e r ndi a es ha - l ba hy' om a nt s rm na i n nd r t la i wer pe s na i na ur a ge r ly r l t d t he own s t ton. A sde c i d i he e a i ton e r o l n t e nd ne a l e a e o r iua i s r be n r b ifi o p sto , -- b s ys o eo t b u t n a u e ly n p a tc sg t rj re n p o iin Alla a h p k u a o tk lwf l mp o me t r cie t wee l u ha vi ied upo her' nd i a f e pl m e pr tc s s w ass f rng. D oc tN o. a 6st n ' a k w ul m oy nt ac i e he unl uf e i ' ' ke 48 t 7 (mpha i a d) Basd o t e si c s lw,ncl ngt de ii cie a e ss dde . e n he xitng a e a i udi he csons td bove,hec t t our conc udest H ubba d a Doyl co d ha r s na y be i ve t ts h pe s l hat r nd e ul ve ea o bl le d ha uc r onalgre nc i va es di no i vema tr ofpublcc d t nvol te s i once n a t ,we enotpr eced byt Fis Ame e . r nd, hus r ot t he r t ndm nt Be us i c nnotbe s i t tH ubba d a D oyl vi a e a C e r y e t bl s d' cons iutona ca e t a a d ha r nd e ol t d d a l s a i he ' cl tt i l rght t y a e a e e il d t qua ii d i m uniy on t pl ntf sc a m a i tt m i t i i , he r r ntte o lfe m t he ai if l i ga ns he n he r i vi c pactes SeeCa ndi dual a ii . mpbel,48 F. a 27172( di t tt dee nswee l 3 3d t - hol ng ha he fnda t r e il d t qualf e i m uniy, he e t f c sw e e ' l e e ug t t il de i lne be w e n ntte o ii d m t w r he a t r t os no h o he l- fned i c t e prvaes ec a s ec i vi matr ofpublcco r ''s as M a ai l v.Sumner i t pe h nd pe h nvol ng tes i ncen' , ee lo cirelo l , 973F. 295,298( hCi.1 (mphaszngt tsaeofiil aeonl s j c t la lt i 2d 4t r 992) e ii ha tt fcas r y ub e t o ibiiy n t i i vi lc pa te f k r ns e s ng brghtlne ,' nd i t...f r ba gue s s i gr y he r ndi dua a cii s or ' a gr s i t i i s'a d no o d se n a ae '. ras' ) b. El event A m endm entIm m univ h t Alla hy' Fis Ame ntcli unde j1 i as ad nc ag ns Hubbada -- bas s rt ndme am l r 983 s lo va ed ai t r nd Doyl i t r of i i lc pa ii . Fort f l i r as ,t c t e n hei fc a a c tes he olow ng e ons he our conc ud t tt sc a m i l es ha hi l i s bar ed by t El r he event A m endm ent h . l i wels tl t tj1 3doesnota og t Elve h Ame t s l eted ha 98 br ae e nt ndmenti mmuniy. Se t e M cco lv. ms 829F. 1 9,l (t Ci.1 )( tngOuenv. or n, U. 332, nnel Ada , 2d 31 328 4h r 987 cii r J da 440 S. 19 341( 979). l opposngt i tntmoint dimis Alla s aguest tt algai i 1 ) n i he nsa to o s s , -- ba hy r l ha he le tons n he s co am e d c pl i a e s fci ntt i r e nd nde om a nt r uf i e o nvoke t Ex pa t Young e e i di c s he re xc pton s us ed a o e sn eh rp a e f rr l ficu e ag nea de n f rt r p cieij n tv r l f' b v , ic e r y r o ei n ld s e rl ma d o ç os e tv nu cie ei . e p e' 2d Am . Com pl 24. H ow e r A ll a s f ist e a n how D oy e orH ubba d,w ho i . ve , - l ba hy a l o xpl i l r s de a e woul be c pabl ofpr di s h r i . Asot rc t ha pr ousy e aned, ce s d, d a e ovi ng uc elef he ours ve evi l xpl i t Ex pa t Y o e ep i onl a horz s t a i ts a e of i i l who ha t powe t he r e ung xc ton y ut i es uis ga ns t t fc a s ve he ro pr det ij tver ifr quetdbyt pli if See e. ,Kli v.Uni ofKa asM e ovi he nunci ele e se he antf. s c. en v. ns d. Ct.975F.Supp.1 1 1 ( Ka 1 (mphaszi t tShesaeofiilmus ha t r, 408, 4 7 D. n. 997) e i ng ha ' tt tca t t ve he p we t p rom tea trq ie i od rt o ec metej rs ito a b ro teElv n h o r o e f r h c e urd n r e o v r o h u idcin l a f h e e t Ame ndme ' ( ii Expa t Yo 209U. a 1 *Ki eonv. hie, l 974- S, nt' ctng ) re unc, S. t 57) mblt W t No, 2- GM , 201 U. DitLEXI 1 4 S. s. S 23091 a *1 ( DelSe . 201 ( di t tt Expat Young , t 4 D. . pt4, 4) hol ng ha he re e pto di nota ywheenet rdee ntwa c pa eofpr vi ngt ij tverle xce in d ppl r ihe fnda s a bl o di he n unci eif r quesedbyt pli ig. Be a eAlla hyha fie t algea fcss fce t e t he antf c us -- bas s ald o le ny a t ufiint o l es a ih t tH ubba d or Doyl c d r i t t hert he pr vi uspos ton wih t Ciy of t bls ha r e oul e ns a e o r e o ii t he t Ro n k , rp o i ea yo h rf nno p o pe tv ij n tv r l f h rcam a ans Hu b r a o e o r v d n t e o f r s ci e nu cie ei , e li g i t b a d e a D oyl i t i o fc a ca c tesm us be dim i s nd e n he r f i i l pa ii t s s ed. E. R ace Di m i i scri nat on l co tV 1 oft s co a e n un 1 he e nd m nded c pl nt A ll a s c a m st tH ubba d,D oyl , om ai , -- ba hy l i ha l r e a t DJ dici nae a ns he ont bassofhe rce i vi ai of42U. C.jj1 nd he J s rmi td gai t r he i r a ,n olton S. 981 and 1 983. Se on 1 ( )pr vi sa f l : di 981 a o de s olows A1pes n wi nt j rs ito o teUntdSae s al a tesmerg ti 1 ro s t he u idcin f h i tts h lh ve h a ih n hi e ever St e and Ter ior t m ake and enf y at rt y o orce cont act t s be partes,gi r s, o ue, i ve evi nc a t t f la e de e, nd o he ul nd qualbe ftofa ll w s a pr e di f rt ne i l a nd oc e ngs o he s u iyofpe s a pr rya i enoye bywhiectze , nds lbes j t ec rt rons nd ope t s s j d t ii ns a hal ubec 20 t lke puni hm e ,pa ns pe li s t xe , i e e ,a e tonsofe r ki o i s nt i , na te , a s lc ns s nd xac i ve y nd, a t no o he . nd o t r 42U. . j 1 1( . SC. 98 a) All a s ha c ede i he brefi o -- ba hy s onc d, n r i n pposton t t pe ngm o i t tt DJ i l ii o he ndi ton,ha he J s i mmunefo la lt unde jj1 1a 1 purua t t Elve hAme r m ibiiy r 98 nd 983, s nt o he e nt ndme . Se Pl' nt e .s Br i Opp' t DJ De s 'M ot 3,Doc tN o. .n n o J f. . ke 48. Fort r as saed a he e ons t t bove,hec t t our lke ie c l s t tHubba d a Doyl a e i m une fom labiiy i t rof i a c pac te , i w s onc ude ha r nd e r m r i lt n hei fci l a ii s a t tt a l ga i i t s c a e d c m pl nta e nots f c e t i nd ha he le tons n he e ond m nde o ai r uf i i nt o nvoket e ep i he xc ton a tc aedi Expa t Young. Ac or i y,Alla s scam f dic i nai u rj riult n re c dngl -- bahy' li or srmi ton nde j l 1 1a 1 3 agans t DJ wilbe d s is aswilt cli a i tHubba d a Do ei 98 nd 98 i t he J l im s ed, l he am ga ns r nd yl n t i of i i lca cii s he r f c a pa te . On t ot rha t DJ d e nt ' oton t di m i sw il de e w ih r s c t t he he nd, he J ef nda s m i o s s l be ni d t e pe t o he c ai f di c i i t o as e t d a ns Hubba d a Doyl i t ri vi lc pac te . The l m or s r m na i n s r e gai t r nd e n hei ndi dua a ii s c u tee t t ed fn a t' r u n t ts c cam i b re byteS prmeCo r' d cso i o r rj cs h e e d n s ag me tha u h li s ard h u e u ts e iin n J tv. lasl pe ntSc Ditit49lU. 701( 989) I J t,t SuprmeCour hel et Dal nde nde hool src, S. 1 . n et he e t d t tj 1 prvi 'hee usvefdealrmedyf vi ai oft rght guaa e i j ha 983 o des û xcl i e r e t or olton he i s rnted n 1 1' saea t s l a 733. Thus i nsaeacor vi aeapes srght de aedi j 98 'by tt cor. d. t ,û whe tt t s olt ron' i s clr n 1 81 t a p ro ( s b ig s ip ru n t j 1 8 . S lvv Al. p' o Trn p, 7 F. 9 ,h t es n mu t rn l ut u s a t o 9 3' mie . a De t f a s .7 8 ' Supp.1 1 7 ( . Al.2011;s ealoM ve W hitdv. Stt Uni , F.Supp.2d 283, 29 M D. a ) e s ng- te Va. ae v.927 275, ( D. 201 (x ani t t$ pl ntf mus bi s tunde j 1 t e orehe 276 E. Va. 3) e pli ng ha C ai if t rng ui a r 983 o nf c r rg sunde j1 1'. iht r 98 ' ) I t sc s , --a s ha donej tt t Ii ce rfom t sconda nde c ant n hi a e All bahy s l us ha. t s la r he e me d ompli t the cam ofr edici nai i vi ai ofj 1 i br ha r li ac s rmi ton n olton 981 s oughtd s ntt ...j 1 5 ç ua o pur 983. ' 2d.A m . Com pl . A c or ngl he c a m aga ns H ubba d a D o e i t r i vi l c di y, r l i i t r nd yl n hei ndi dua 21 c p cte i n ts b e tt ds sa u e J t. S eBod n v. t o To e a 4 F.d 1 2 , a a iis s o u j c o imis l nd r et e le Ci f p k , 41 3 1 9 y 11 11 ( 0t Ci. 34, 37 1 h r 2006)( tngt tt pli ifsj1 cai woul ha es pe dimis l noi ha he antf' 981 l m d ve ca d s sa i t pl ntf ha alge t thes f he ai if d le d ha oughtr ifon t cam unde j 1 3,a hol ngt tt ele he li r 98 nd di ha he dititc ts dha pemitdt pli ift a ndhi c antt do s ;s as Numa src our houl ve r te he antf o me s ompli o o) ee lo v.Ca zz r No.1 51 201 U. Dit LEXI 43598,a *25n. ( D.La M a.31 201 nni a o, 3- 5, 4 S. s, S t 4 E. . r , 4) (ee tngt dee nt agume t tt pli ifsj1 1cai wa notpr ryprmie o rj ci he fnda s' r nt ha he antf' 98 l m s opel e s d n j1 3,wheet pli ifs i ly alge t the r c dicrmi toncamsweeC s red 98 r he antf pecscal le d ha r a e s i nai li r t et as k r42U. C.j 1 lt ough42U. C.j 1 '. unde S. 98 hr S. 983'7 ) Concl on usi Fort r a ons sat d, he D J de e he e s te t J f ndan s pa ta m o i t di m i sw ilbe gr nt d i pa t t ' r i l ton o s s l a e n r a de ed i pa t The Cl r i die t d t s nd c es of t s o der a t a co pa ng nd ni n r . ek s rce o e opi hi r nd he c m nyi me oa m r ndum opi on t al co e ofr or ni o l uns l ec d. ENTER: i AV d yo Se e e, 201 Ths a f ptmb r 4. Chi fU nied St t sD i ti tJ e t a e sr c udge 22
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