Gardner v. Mould et al, No. 7:2013cv00429 - Document 31 (W.D. Va. 2014)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 7/14/2014. (tvt)

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CLERKS OFFI U,.DI X URT CE s ST, ATROANOKE,V A FI LED J !i 2 1 Ut 24 I THE UNI N TED STATES DI STRI CO URT CT FOR TH E W ESTERN DI STRI OF VI I A CT RG NI ROANOKE DI SI VI ON JEFFREY GARDNER, JULS . A D BY; L CASE N o. 7: 3CV00429 1 Pl nt f , ai i f V. M EM OM NDUM OPI ON NI T.M OULD ,e a . t I, By: Gl n E.Conr e ad C hi fU nie St e D it i tJudge e t d at s s r c D e endant . f s J fe y Ga dne ,aVigi a i t pr ee ng m o s i pm s ng t s cvi rg sadi n efr r r r ni nma e oc di e, s ui hi i l i ht o pu s a tt 4 U.. j 1 3 algn vo ai n o hsrg t u d rt Frta Fo re nh ru n o 2 SC. 98 , le ig ilto s f i ih s n e he is nd u te t Am e ndment. He al ges t t on f s le ha our occ sons prs ofi i l r e t t mai or r a i , ion fc a s ul d ha l de c omm e c a phot r phshe had ptr has vi l t d prs r gul to a i me ael r bln ril og a lc ed o a e ion e ai ns nd m di t y e r ed t m t t ve s. Defnda s ha tld a m o i t dim is a Ga dner has fld a he o he ndor e nt ve ie ton o s s , nd r ie he ec d he our wil a r pons 1 Afe r vi w oft r or , t c t l gr ntde e n s moton. es e. tr e e f nda t ' i I Ga d ri ic re ae a Po o o tsS ae Co rcin lCe tr(TS '. l 2 3 h rne s n ac r td t c h n a tt re to a n e E CC' n 01 , e ) s itd f s pa a e or r f phot a ofnudem ode st ve ubm te our e r t de s or ogr phs l o ndor ,i udi Ca e N al s ncl ng s y l a Br nlts. PSCC mair m sa f pr s ed ea h o de t nd a e t loo t f oce s c r r mder Vigi a De t nt of r ni parme Core tons(û rci t VDOC' Ope ai Pr dtrs(t ' 8 1a 8 2. ' r tng oce le û ) 03. nd 03. ) OP' OP 803. conti varous r srctons a pr dtr s t e tr ûhe e fce ,s f and 1 a ns i e ti i nd oce le o nsle i fi int a e, t s c r h n ln a d p o e sn o (n o n a d o t on ) c re p n e c ' f r VDOC e u e a d ig n r c s ig f ic mig n u g ig o r s o d n e' o 1Gad rs rs o s t te moin fr smmay j d me tp ee t a dto a d c me tt n a d rne' ep n e o h to o u r u g n r sns d iin l o u nai n o a glme .Alhoug Gar rdoe notmovet a nd hi compl ntt addt emaeral,hecour ha c i r r l nt t h dne s o me s ai o hes t i s t t s onsdeed t m f pu pos ofunde sandi hi alegai . he or r es rt ng s l tons CLE i aes2 OP 8 3.() i mmecal diG b td o p ro lp oog a h ...t tb t e nm t . 0 11. t co ril s u e r e s na h t r p s y ha y h n tr o te c ne tp s l)a tra t p ro lo f clt s ft a s cliy,o me tt e au e f h o tn o e h e t o e s na r a ii aey nd e t t r e h y r S e i Crtra f r P l ain Dia p o a i g 8 32 ae p o i td' OP p cf k i i o ubi to e c sp r v l n OP 0 .) r r hbi . e ' 8 3 1I B)8 () Th r frn e ciei i OP 8 32sae , npet e t a t 0 .(V( ( )a . e e ee c d rtra n 0 . tts i ri n p r: n TheFa lt Uni Hea s d dia pr apublcai n f r cepta pos es i ciiy t d houl s p ove i to or e i nd s son by o f nde s...i t publc ton c n ber a o bl doc e e t vi ae a of fe r f he ia i a e s na y um nt d o olt ny t f l i c ie i he olow ng r t r a: A. M a e i lt tem pha i s e i i or gr phi de c i o de c i i of t r a ha s ze xplc t a c pi tons r s rptons s lac s i l ng, notlmie t exua t, ncudi but i t d o: Acua s x a itr ols ( a i a, a a, o o a) icu ig t l e u l ne c t e v g n l n l r rl n ldn r i nmaeo j c p n tain na i t be t e erto 3. 4. Se r ton or e r ton of bodiy fui or s t nc i t c ei xc e i l l ds ubsa es n he c e ofs xua ac i t ont xt e l tviy Bondag s ditc, m a oc si , o ot r vi en a t i t e, a si s hitc r he ol t c s n he c e ofs xua ac i t ont xt e l tviy Any s xua a t i vi a i ofsa eorf der llw. e l c s n olton tt e a a NOTE:Thi c ie i n s l notbeus d t e l publc tonsi t contxtofa s rt ro hal e o xcude ia i n he e so y orm or lt a hi unl s t des rpton ofs h acsi t prma y pu pos tr a e c ng e s he c i i uc t s he i r r e of t publcai n. No publcai n ge al r c z d as ha ng aritc or he i to i to ner ly e ogni e vi tsi ltr r val s d be e l d unde t s ciei Quesi e maeil ie ay ue houl xcude r hi rtron. tonabl tras s al es b te t t PRC() h l b u mitd o he . Op : 32 I ( ( . 0 .(v)L)A)3 W he mair n loom sa ffnd t ti om i core ponde e c ansie sr gult d by OP t f i ha nc ng r s nc ont i t m e ae 803. ,s h asc me cilpho og a ,a i l s ie st t i d t rt polc t y 1 uc om r a t r phs nd ncude t m mau horze mde he iy, he wil l and r t n t c r ponde e,i l ng t pr bie ie s t t s nder OP l og eur he ores nc ncudi he ohi t d t m , o he e . 8 3 1I ( ( )a . Th itnd d r cp e timae wilbenoiid t a h sic mi p c a e 0 .(V)B)8() e ne e e iin n t l tfe h t i n o ng a k g wasdial s lowed a r t ned,a m a fl g iva e a nd eur nd y ie re nc s boutt i de ,buthehasE i pu on he nci nt t n t no diposto 'ofs hie . OP 8 1l ( ( () Ont ot rha i prs ofi asrj t s iin' uc tms 03.(V)B)20)i. he he nd, f ion fcil eec 2Se h s/v d cv ag va o fpo e me/o u ns8 o8 3 lp f(atvstdJ n 1 , 01 ) e o : a o .kgli.o /b u rc d sd c me t/o / o -.d ls ii u e 8 2 4 . / e 3Se h s/v d cv nag va o f r c d sd cl ns8 o8 3z.d (atvstdJ n 1 , 01 ) e e : a o .kgii.o /b u p o e ce/o l t/ o / o - p f ls ii u e 9 2 4 . / me e a of e rs i om i publc ton a s xual e i i t r t polc c ie i ,t ofe n f nde ' nc ng i ai s e ly xplct mde he i y rt ra he f nder ma s e rviw oft tde iin by t Publc ton Re e Commite(TRC' i Ri y ek e e ha cso he iai viw te ç ' n chmond. ) I t PR C di a ove a i a e' publca i n,t i a e m a i or s af ho he w i hes t f he s ppr s n nm t s i to he nm t y nf m t f w s o dipos oft dia oved ie s e he s ppr t m. I Ga dnersfrtor r pl c on M a c 20,201 one oft t e e l sr c ve i n r ' is de , a ed rh 3, he hr e nve ope e ei d n t PSCC m aloom was r tmz d t next da bec us i e e d a one- unc lmi f he ir et e he y, a e t xc ede o e i t or ic mi c re p n e c u d r OP 8 3.(V)B)3 () Ho v r a a a pr v d v n o , n o ng o rs o d n e n e 0 1I ( ( )a . we e , s h p o e e d r Ca e Nalwa n ts jc t ti o eo n elmi. Ast t i o d r Ga d e fld ag iva c , sy l s o ube t o h s n - u c i t o h s r e, r n r ie re n e a ofki l a knowldge t m it ke nd t a s c e d he sa .The t n alowe Gar rt r de t phot a . y he l d dne o eor r he ogr phs Ga dne compl i t tofk il di no notf hi orpr dehi ac nc t a r r ans ha t a s d t iy m ovi m ha e o ppea bef et l or hey iy e ii e lr d t de s r t ne t ie s4 Be a e t vendorhas a polc ofnotr m a lng r ilne pho o or r , e ur d he t m . c us he Ga dne hadt pa f t r plc nt . r r o y or he e a eme s Ga dne pl c d a s cond or r on Aprl 3,201 W he t t or r a rve fom t r r ae e de i 3. n ha de ri d r he ve d r PSCC o t asrj ce a d rt r e e v lp sc n anigtn p o o a d sxe np t n o, fkil ee t d n e un d n eo e o ti n e h t s n ite hoo c t ogs Ga dne ha ptr s d, bec us t ie c ai d s xual explct ma e i aal r r d lcha e a e he t ms ont ne e ly ii t ral pr bied by OP 8 1. I r pons t G a dne ' gre nc ofi i l s a e t tt ca a ogsha ohi t 03. n es e o r r s i va e, fc a s t t d ha he t l d b e G rviu l ds p r v db t ePu l ai nRe iw Co te f rc nann ( g so e n û e o sy ia p o e y h bi to ve p c mmite o o t iig i e q ma bodiy iui ,pe tai mat bai ec.l the phot wee de ed due t co ani l ds nerton, sur ton, t and l os r ni o nti ng i mage ofbodiy tui a wel aspho osoff m alst hi t m s l s a orm a t ba i ' s l l ds s l t e e ouc ng he eve nd/ sur tng.' ( mplEx. . Th r ve n o f ru h l telv lo er s o s . Co . 9) e e iwig fke p ed h e e n e p n e Fr Ga dne ' t r or r pl c on Aprl 1 201 ofi i s de e a r t ne om r r s hid de , a ed i 0, 3, tcal nid nd eur d e v lp s c nanng tn p oo rp , b c u e t e icu e < gr p i a d o e pl i n eo e o t ii e h tg a hs e a s h y n ld d é ja hc n r x i t l c 4 Ga dne alo c r r s ompli t tofiil di no pr dehi wih a una horz d malnotcef t ans ha fcas d t ovi m t n ut ie i i or he rj ce p oo rp . eetd h tga hs n d /e n ec mmeca p oo 'p o btdu d rOP 8 3 1a d OP 8 3. ( mp . .1 . u es mi ud o r il h ts' r hii n e e 0. n 0 2. Co l Ex 1) Ga dne fl a g i va ,agan a gui t tt phot r phshe ha or r d di notmee t r r ied re nce i r ng ha he og a d de e d t he c ie i f pr bie s xualy e ii ma e i . He r c ve a lvelone r pons sa i 4 he rt ra or ohi t d, e l xplct t ral e ei d e es e ttng i t phot r phs t twe e de e o 5/ / 3 we e done s ba e on c ani i a of wo e og a ha r ni d n 3 1 r o sd ont i ng m ges m n t li t m s ves a o masur tng; pe polc t s i not pe m itd f c ouctng he el nd/ r t ba i r iy hi s r te or omm e c a ril p o o rp . ( mp . 1 . Th r s o s as sae ta be a s c mme ca p oo rp h t ga hs' Co l Ex. 3) e e p n e lo ttd h t c u e o r il h t g a hs ' ae n td fn d a p bl ain ,t e d cso t d n t m u d rOP 8 3 1 i n ts b e tt r o e ie s u i to s h e iin o e y he n e c 0 . s o u jc o r vi w a e e bovet f ciiy lve .On a he a lt e l ppea,t r vi wi ofieruphed t l ve o r pons a l he e e ng fc l he e l ne es e s a a opra ea ia i oft polc n ppr it pplc ton he i y. Ga dne ' sna or r of phot a , pl e on J r rs l de ogr phs ac d une 26, 201 co it d of e gh 3, nsse i t e ope wih Gvepi t esi e c e ope.Ofi i sde e t oft eghte opest r nvel s t cur n a h nvel fcal nid wo he i nvel mde OP 803.1 bec us t ve a e he ndor i ude fee s xualy e ii c t l i t e e opes5 ncl d r , e l xplct a a ogs n hos nvel . Of i l r t e t t o e l pe of pho ogr phs t t ve r Ga dne r ceved t fc a s eum d he w nve o s t a o he ndo . r r e i wo publc ton dia ova f msf t t dia o c t ogs butdi notr ei t ut i e ia i s ppr l or or he wo s ppr ved a al , d ec ve ma horz d m alno i s f t r t ed pho os Gar rfld a gre nc r ga di t sor rwihi t i tce or he eum t . dne ie iva e e r ng hi de t n he fve- tm epe i Hedi notat c t t dia ovalf mst s i day i rod. d ta h he wo s ppr or o how why ofi i sr t r d fcal e u ne t o d r t tev n o , o ve, n o ta g o n o t ase e tal rj ce hsg iv n e he r es o h e d r h we r a d n h t r u d, fkil v nu ly ee td i re a c a t i ey and i omplt s mtm l nc e e. I t sj 1 a i Gadne s sPSCC M aloom Supt viorT.M otl W ade S. n hi 983 cton, r r ue ir rs ld, r n K. Yot VDOC Die t r Har d Clr a Re onalDie t G . Hi e.Gar ras e t t t mg, r co ol a kes nd gi r c or nkl dne s rs ha t PSCC i er ea i oft c me cilpho o polc vi a e hi Fis Am e he nt pr tton he om r a t iy olt s s r t ndmentrght a i s nd 5 Gadners t aphot py oft r ubmis oco humbnai rplca oft phot fom hi f urh o de l e i s he os r s o t r r on whih heha hi c s , ghlght t t phot r phst thebei sofi asr t i ed he en og a ha leve fcil e mned. ( so eEx 4 ,ECF No 252. Be a s te Rep ns . 7 . - ) cu e h r t n oft s phot wa ba ed on t f c t tt e o si l d caaogsale y dia oved by t PRC, em' os s s he a t ha he nvelpe ncude tl r ad s ppr howe r he e ve he , tepoe icud do ti s e aen trlv n t terj cino hsoh rod r b sdo tec ne t h ss n l e n hs het r o ee a t o h ee to f i te r es a e n h o tn of t e phot t hos os hems ve . el s 4 de i d hi oflbe t and pr ry i e ess wihoutdue pr es .6 le s e c pe a or prve m i ry ope t ntr t t oc s l e ks onl ns t y da a s f mone he s nton r plc ntphot a posage a ong wih punii dn a s m ge or y pe e a eme os nd t , l t tve m ge a dl p cfe ijlcierle. n l e iid nl tv eif ns n 11 The c t i r quie t dimi s a a ton or cli fld by a prs r agans a our s e r d o s s ny c i a m ie ione i t go m me a e iy orofi e i t c tdeer i st a to f l t sae a cai o whi ve nt l ntt fc r f he our t m ne he c i n ais o t t l m n ch r le ma be grnt Fed R-Ci P.1 b)6 . G'o s vve amoi t dimis a c ant eif y a ed. . v. 2( () û' ur i l ton o s s , ompli m us c ai s fce f cua m a tr a e ed ast e,t sa e acli t r i t ti plusbl t ont n ufi int a t l te , cc pt nl o t t am o elef ha s a i e o isfce. BelAt.Co p.v.Two y,55 U. 5 570 ( ) Theplusbiiy sa r nt a ' l l r ' mbl 0 S. 44, 2007 . a i lt tndad r quiesm or t n tas e pos i lt t tadef ntha a t d unlw f ly. As r tv. qbal e r e ha 1 he r sbiiy ha enda s ce a u l ' hc of I , ' 5 6U. 6 2 6 ( 0 ) F rh r r ,o saeac u eo a to u d rj 1 3 ç plitf mu t 5 S. 6 , 78 2 09 . u te mo e t tt a s f cin n e 98 ,û an if s a al get vi a i ofarghts c led by t Co tt i a lwsoft Unie Stt ,a m us le he olton i e tr he nsiuton nd a he t d a es nd t s how t tt al ge de i ton wa c ha he le d prva i s omm itd by a pe s a tng underc orofsa e lw. te r on c i ol tt a ' ' W e tv.At is 48 U. 4 ,48 ( 9 8 . Dee d n sag e ta d s sa i r q ie b c u e s kn , 7 S. 2 1 8 ) fn a t r u h t imis l s e urd e a s Gad rsalg to d n ts e a y c n t ui n lcam a to a l u d rj 1 8 a an tt e rne ' l ains o o /t n o si to a li ci n be n e 9 3 g is h e t de e nt . The c tag e s f nda s our r e . A .Fi s A m endm e C l m s rt nt ai Se l e e son whih i i e but not obs e i m ot c e by t Fis xua xpr s i c s ndec nt c ne s e td he r t Ame d n . Re o v. rc n Cii Lie t sUno 5 U. 8 4,8 4 ( 9 7 . Asap io n me t n Ameia v l b ri e in, 21 S. 4 7 1 9 ) rs n i t howe ,Ga dne r a ns o y t e û rtAme e rght t ta e noti nma e, ver r r eti nl hos Tis ndm nt i s ha r nconsse it nt wi hs sau a a p io ro wih te lgtmae p noo ia o j cie ofte c re to t i tt s s rs ne r t h e ii t e lgc l b e tv s h o rcins h 6 TheFis Ame e s hal ke aw es tng n sa ihmentofr lgi ei on, rt ndme pr de t Scongrs s lma no 1 r peci a e tbls nt ovi s hatt orpr bii t feeexe cs t r of....'U. Co t a nd.1 The Fouree h Amendme sae , i r eva ohi tng he r r ie he e ' S. ns. me . t nt nt tts n el nt p r,t t4no Saes al...d n t a yp ro wi n i j rs it n tee ua p oeto o te lws' U.S. at ha t l tt h l l e y o n es n t t uidci h q l rtcin f h a . hi s o ' Co s. me . V j 1 n t a nd XI . s t m .'Pel v.Pr yse ' l ocunir 7 U .S.81 8 ( 974) Prs ofki s ma lwf ly ado e ,41 7, 22 1 . ion t al y a ul pt r gul tons t t r s r c a i a e' Fi s A m e e rght a l e ai ha e t i t n nm t s r t ndm nt i s s ong a t r a i a e s he egul tons r t e ona y r lt t lgii ae pe ogial i e e t o' Tur r v.Sa l y,48 U .S. 78, 87 û as bl e aed o e tm t nol c nt r ss ' r ne fe 2 (9 7. 18 ) The Tur rdec son i ntfe a f -a t i r a cour mus appl t de e m i i a ne ii de ii s ourf c or nquiy t t y o t r ne f c lnge r gul to wihsa c tt i ls r tny: hale d e ai n t tnds onsiutona c u i ( )wh t e t eei at ld r t na c n e to 'b t e t ep io r g lto 1 eh r h r s é i , ai l o n ci n' ewe n h rs n e uain va o oraci n a t i e es a s re by t gove nm e , o whet rt si e es i to nd he nt r t s e td he r nt r he hi nt r t s d ormoea t r n e t p lc abtayo ir to a' ()wh t e t lenai e ç e t s o e d r he o iy r i r r rai n l' 2 eh r é tr tv s r ' a me ofexe c sng t rg ...r m an ope t prs i t ' ans r ii he i ht e i n o ion nma es' ;( wha 3) t . . . i pac t de ie a omm odai woul ha o s c iy saf, i a e ,and t m t he sr d cc ton d ve n e urt t f nm t s he al c to o p io rs tv s a d () wh t e t ee e s a y û b ius e s lo ain f rs n e ou e ; n 4 eh r h r xit n t v o , a y o ale ai s't t c le d r gulton o a ton, whih ma s tm tve ' o he hal nge e a i r ci c y ugges t ti i t ha t s û tra o a e b ti (n ta )a e a g rtdr s o s t p io c n ens' t e s n bl, u s ise d n x g eae e p n e o rs n o c r . no ' Lovelcev.Le 472F. 1 4,200( h Ci. a e, 3d 7 4t r 2006)( i Ttme,48 U. a 89- (nt l quotng l r 2 S. t 92) i ema q oainmaksa dctto so te l. Th s d frn ilsa dad rs o tewele tbls e u tto r n iain mitd ) e e e ee ta tn r s e t n h l-sa ih d prncpl t tprs n admi sr t sa e be tr e pped and postoned t n c t E o maket i i e ha io nitaor r te qui ii ha ours t t he dfkutj d me t c n e n i ttto a o rto s' Th r bu v.Ab ot 49 U. 4 , it l u g n s o c mi g nsiu in l peain . o n txh ' b t 0 S. 01 4 9 ( 9 9 ( u uto s a d ctto o te ) Th iq iy fr te c u ti n twheh rte 0 1 8 ) q o in n iains mitd . e n ur o h o r s o te h r gul ton ac al a nc s t sa e go r m e i e e t butonl whehe t polc a r e ai m ly dva e he tt d ve n nt ntr s, y t r he iym ke G g tr a o a l ha et ug tt ti wo l ' Amae v. n 1 6 F.d 1 2 1 8 ( C. r û h e s n by v ho h ha t ud. mi ' tl Re o, 5 3 9 , 9 D. Ci. 1 98 . Th pan if b as te utmae bzd n o e tbls i t a a p io r g lto i 9 ) e litf e r h li t t e f sa ihng h t rs n e uain s r u c nsi in l S e Ha s v.Va u t 9 3 F.d 1 7 ,1 2 (t Ci.1 9 ) An o t rs n o tmto a. e u e u h , 9 2 0 9 08 4 h r 9 3 . fke ' neglge c i nt onduc t ti e f r sw1, a i t sFis Am e t ha nt re e t1 n nma e' r t 1 ndme rght i no a tonabl under nt i s s t c i e j 1 8 .Lo lc , 2 F.da 2 ; as n v Si , 4 F. u p. d 5 5 51 ( M d 2 0 ) 9 3 vea e 47 3 t 01 Pe ro . mms 3 5 S p 2 1 , 9 D. . 0 3 , a fd 8 F.Ap x 6 9 ( t Ci.2 0 ) (o dn t tt c a in licd n s o d ly o n n f', 8 p' 3 4h r 0 4 h l ig ha i c so a n ie t f ea r o o dei r ofmai'aenota tona et rj1 3) lvey l' r ci bl mde 98 . 1. M arc 20, 3 Or r: M iapple W e g Li i h 201 de s id i ht m t Ga d rha no a tona e Fis Am e r ne s c i bl rt ndme c am ba e on a ofk e ' r tml of hi nt l i sd n t rs et s M a c 20 or bec us i e ede t one- e we g lmi f r i omi m al W hen rh der a e t xce d he ounc i ht i t o nc ng i. Ga dne c r r ompl i ofi i sa ee t tt polc di no ba hi pac aned, fcal gr d ha he iy d t r s kage. The t d hi t t y ol m ha a mair loom ofi i ha sm pl overooke t t f c Cas y N alwa a a ove ve fcal d i y l d ha a t e l s n ppr d ndor who wa n ts b e tt t weg tlmi. Ga d e d e n tsaea y fcss g e tn t tt o fca s o u j c o he ih i t r n r o s o tt n a t u g si g ha he fiil i e i l m ia id t we g lmi t hi phot a or r The ofi ers ne i nt ntntonaly s pple he i ht i t o s ogr ph de . fc ' glge i e f r nc wih Ga dne ' i nt re e e t r rs ncomi ma ldoe notsae a Fis Amendme cli a tona e ng i s tt rt nt am ci bl unde j1 3.Lovel e, 2F. a 201 r 98 ac 47 3d t . 2. M at al Barred as Sexualy Explci eri s l it Li r l c t ed,Ga dne ' s bmisons a s r t tt pho ogr ph polc sa e i be aly onsnl r rs u si s e t ha he t a iy, t t d n OP 803. a O. 8 2 by r f r e,i f i l i i be a e i i ove br d,whih al 1 nd P. 03. e e enc s acaly nvald c us t s r oa c lowed i t be a bir rl a i d t pr bi r c ptofhi Aprl3,Aprl1 and Jme 26,2013 or r . to r ta iy pple o ohi t e ei s i i 0, t de s Hi a gum e s r s on t f c t t t polc does not e iil ba hi fo pos es i s r nt e t he a t ha he iy xplcty r m r m s sng depitonsofmasur ton orf m aest hi t m s l s The c tco l ci t bai e l ouc ng he eve . our ncudest tt polc ha he i y s vvest sc tt i nalc le t rTur r ur i hi onsiuto hal nge mde ne . Thi co tf md t taptorve son ofOP 803. wasove br a a bir rl a i d. s ur ot ha i ri 2 r oad nd r ta iy pple Se Couc v.J be,737 F. zd 5 5 ( h Ci.201 ) Specfc ly,t co tf e h a supp. 61, 67 4t r 0 . iial he ur ound t t ha t p lc , ste wo d d alwe t iar itr rtt nglo (h !rg lto whc rs lld he o iy a h n r e , l d t z re ne p eai s f te e u ai n ih e ute ) o b o i t p o i to o J me J y e sUl se b t(l we )t e dsrb to o S rsllsrtd n he r hbi n f n s o c ' y ss u al d h itiu in f po t lu tae i o Swi s tEdii ' l a 571. The c tnled t tbe us s h r s t we e notr as bl m ui ton. d. t ' our l ha ca e uc e uls r e ona y r l t t t polc s goa s of e ncng ç e urt dic plne, good or r a ofe e aed o he i y' l nha i ç c iy, s i i s de nd f nder r habiia i ' t r gulton was t e lttons' he e a i mconsiutonal l at 5 tt i . d. 67. The VDOC s e nty ubs que l n e d t polc t core tt spa tc a pr e . m nde he i y o r c hi riulr oblm l a ay i g OP 8 32 ho v r t e c u th l t tte p lc so j cie a d g as n n lzn 0 ., we e , h o r ed ha h o iy' be tv s n o l we e unque to bl l ii a e a c e - uta . 1 The c t as e r si na y eg tm t nd ontntne r l d. our lo mphasz t i ed hat c mon s ns conne tonslke t et Couc de e nt ofe e ca be s t i e de of om e e c i i hos he h f nda s f r d n ufk ent vi nce a rto a ln b t e lgt t o jcie a d a c aln e r g ain t stsy t e srt ain l ik ewe n e imae be tv s n i h le g d e ulto o aif h s rq ie n o t eTt e sa dad l a 5 0 (iig Amae,1 6 F.d a 1 9 ) l d e ,t e u rme t f h mzr tn r . d. t 7 ctn tl 5 3 t 9 ). n e d he c u t o n i ç nd na l ta O. 8 32c n b a pidt maeil c ma b ij ro st o r f u d t i e ibe h t P. 0 . a e p le o tra whih y e n u iu o u p io o j cie ,a d wih rs c t t o ep b iain t erguain wo l b s p re b a rs n b e tv s n t epe t o h s u lc to s h e lto ud e u po td y 7 n r ne ' as r tona c a i l onneci ' l .a 571. I Ga d rsc e, undert c r ntve son ofOP 803. t ton.' d t he ur e ri 2, he c t fnds s t int c our i ufk e omm o s ns r a o t t t r gulton' pr bii ns of e ii n e e e s ns ha he e a i s ohi to xplc t phot a of s xua a t ,i l ng m a t ba i a e r tona l r l e t f rher nce of is ogr phs e l c s ncudi sur ton, r a i ly eatd o u t a t polc goa s iy l. Prs ofk i s m i r as bl ha be ive t tt cure OP 8 2 pr bii ns ion t al ght e ona y ve le d ha he r nt 03. ohi to a es t s me potntalda e s a m'u d by t de e nt i Co h:t tal t e ly ddr s he a e i ng r s g e he f nda s n uc ha l t xua l s e ii ma e i l a e consde e val bl c r ncy a us i ba trng whhi t prs xplct t ras r i r d ua e ure nd ed n re i n he ion sti ;t t the posesi of s h ie ma l d t se lng,fght,a s uls a ot r et nf' ha û t s son uc tms y ea o tai i s s a t nd he dir ptve a tvii ';t tk t nte s u i c i tes' ha t consa xpos e t s xual e ii m ae ilma pr ot vi e e ur o e ly xplct tra y om e ol nc a mong c ran of e r who ha a pr diposton t s e ng i e a e . e ti f nde s ve e s ii o e ki mm dit gr tt ai a ik ton s xualy'; t t ç r itng a es t s ly e ii m aera s t r ne r ha lt ton e l ' ha t m ti cc s o exua l xplc t t il mde mi s e biia i pe e f t'; a t t < xcudi s xualy e i i m a e il i nec s r t r duce t s l fors' nd ha t l ng e l xplet tra s s es a y o e e he exua ha as me of sa f a t r e r s nt t f nd hei xpos e t a hosie wor e r e .' I a 570. Ga dne ur o tl k nvionm nt ' d. t r r 1 Se as Ho z sv Vù na 8 F. u p. 7 8 6( . Va 1 9 ) rvdo oh rgo n , o tam e lo d e . xii, 71 S p 8 3, 7 W D. . 9 4 ,e ' n te ru dsM nc l - Pu l Com.v Bek,8 F. 1 ( t Ci.1 9 )(mdig u d rpirv ri ofrg lto ta Sth i eet b. l . c 0 3d 05 4h r 9 6 f n n e ro eson e uain h t çle ntrss l ariult byt VDOC,s cu iy,dici i ,or r publcs f y,a r ha ltton,ne no de e e tc aed he e rt s plne de , i aet nd e biiai ed f ns '. ' ) 8 . c ranl ofe sno r tona ewhih c e ti y f r ai l c ompe st c uso t tt pr bii i OP 80 2 a e l he oncl i n ha he ohi tons n 3. r notr as bl r lt d t pr ven i s h c e ona y e ae o e tng uc omm on s ns pot ntal ad r e e f t on s c iy e e, e i ly ve s fec s e urt a or ramong prs r and sa f nd de ione s t f. M o eove , Ga dne f is t de r r r r al o monsr t t t ba ng phot r phs of wome ta e ha nni og a n m asur tng ort hi t m s l i a s xua mnnne i a il c orune ct a ia i t ba i ouc ng he eves n e l r s n logial xpe ed pplc ton oft OP 803. lnguage s ast i lda e t polc asa bir r Unde OP 803. ,ofkil he 2 a o o nva i t he iy r ta y. r 1 f as m a denypos es i ofs h phot upon fndi t tt rc e û e at e tt perona or y s son uc os i ng ha hei ont nt ç s hr a o s l pos 2. t a n fcl v s ft a d s c rt ,o me ts' t e c ieri i OP 803. 8 The crieri i OP 8032, a ii a ev n e u iy r el!' h rt a n t . i or a e by r e e it OP 8 1 r quie dia ovalof ie t tt an be r as bl nc por t d ef r nce n o 03. , e r s ppr t ms ha t c e ona y d u n e t .. e h sz l1e pl i o ga i d p ci n .. o s xlla t.n ldng b t oc me td o . mp a ie x i t r rphc e ito s . f e l cs icu i . u c n n tl td t ' lse e n e ofa t t a me tt sg n rld fnto . OP 8 32(V)L)A) o i e o' itd x mpls cs h t e hi e e a ei iin mi 0.I ( ( (mphassadde . M asur in/ouc ng o s l c ti y quaii asa sxuala tt tfls e i d) t bato t hi ne ef eranl lfes e c ha al t rt G ncudi butnotlmie t 'phr e ofOP 803. M or ve ,prs ofi i l c d mde he l l ng, i i td o' as 2. eo r ion fc as oul r as bl ha bei ve t tbanni pit e ofm ode s sm ultng masmba i wo d a d e ona y ve le d ha ng cur s l i ai t ton ul voi e m a ng i t st pe f m smia s xua a t i publc t ha a ssa fme r .Ther f e, nco gi nma e o ror i lr e l c s n i o r s t f mbe s e or t OP s ts i st fr tpr ng unde Ttm e . 482 U . a 89he a i f e he i s o r l r S. t 90. The s ond f c or of Tunl a ks whe he a tm atve me of e r sng t rght ec at er s t r le i ans xe cii he i rmai o nt prs n i ts J a 90. TheVDOC polce ce l stsyt sf co .Unde e n pe o io nmae . #. t iis lary aif hi a tr r OP 803. a OP 803. Ga d rm a or rawi va it ofpublc tonsa n pit esa 1 nd 2, r ne y de de re y ia i nd ude c ur s B To t ex e t tGa dne f t defndant f ctng t wr polc i de ng hi or r , he saes he t nt ha r r auls e s or ii he ong iy n nyi s de s tt n c n t uin l li W elrv. p'o So ilS r ie , 0lF. 3 7, 9 (t Ci.1 9 )(mdigvoai so o o si to a cam. le De t f ca evc s 9 2d 8 3 2 4h r 9 0 f n ilt f t on s elw b sae ot asd n tprvd b ssfrc nttto lcamsun e j 1 8 ) Moe v r b cu ete ot a y tt f l o o o ie a i o o siuina li ki d r 9 3. ro e, e a s h pr sonr gultng c m e calphot a ovii e ai om r i ogrphs,OP 803.,i por tsapori ofOP 8 2by r fr nc a ofi r 1 ncor ae ton 03. ee e e, n fce m i trghtulycieeihe pr edur num be ast ba i f denyi a i om i m aior rofphot aphs gh i f l t t r oc e r he ss or ng n nc ng l de ogr . 9 l as t y do not de c s xual a t Gar r a is t t he ha s es f l or r d ong he pit e cs. dne dm t ha s ucc s uly de e nt ousnudepi tlest tofi a sdi no ba a s xual explctunderOP 8 2. mwr ctr ha fcil d t r s e ly ii 03. Thet r f t as wha i hid acor ks t mpac t a omm oda i oft a s td rghtwoul ha on t he cc ton he s ere i d ve s urt sa f i aes a t a l a i ofprs r otr s Tur r 482 U. 90. spr vi l ec iy t f, nm t , nd he loc ton ion es lce . ne , S. A e ousy m e i d,t s xua l explctphot a c n e otr s xualha as me and t r i ntone he e ly ii ogr phs a nc lage e r s nt mde m ne r ha lt ton e f t. Thephot c n a s be ea iy cr ult d t oug e biiai fors os a lo sl ic a e hr houtt prs ca i a he ion, usng n a r e t i eefe t' ot i aesorprs sa f I dve s , t ppl f c 'on her nm t r ion tf . d. Fi ly, Tl z as whehe t e e ss a ço ous ea y at m a i ' t t nal m er ks t r her xit ny tbvi , s le tves' o he c le g d rg lto o a to whih ma s g e tta i i t o ra o a e b ti (n ta )a haln e e u ai n r cin, c y u g s h t t s ç t e s n bl, u s ise d n n exa rtdr pons t prs c er . I ( i t tt si notalas rsrci atr tve ggeae es e o ion onc ns' d. notng ha hi s ' e t e titve lenai ts,butwhehe a prs rc a s ta at nai a X mi mi c tt vald pe ogia et t r ione an ser n ler tve t ni s os o i nol c l i e et) Gadne ha nota s td a atmai ,a t co tc c i ofno l f t ntr ss. r r s sere ny le tves nd he ur an onceve ne. n ac, Ga d e sae het n e sa dl)ten e t r src t maeils to ti OP 8 32 ss e i rn r tts ç d rtn s h e d o e tit he tra e u n u 0 .' p ct k c ie i f dia ova ... EFC No.25.The ef e,t sf c ori m e a we l l s q Ga d r rt ra or s ppr l ' ' r or hi a t s t s l. n hor r ne ha n - a ca t -esa ih t tOP 803. i u s ot nd nno - t bls ha 2 s nconsiutonalon isf ce. tt i t a To t extntGa dne cai st tPSCC ofii l a id OP 803. i ope l t ba hi he e r r l m ha fc as pple 2 mpr ry o r s phot a an c t l ,t c ta s fndsheha notsaed a va i cli f r le . Ga dne ogr phs d a a ogs he our lo i s tt ld a m or e if r r co e t tt e s a pit e s wspe tai n ora s cond per o i doesnotde c a s xua nt nds ha mls cm ho ner to e s n, t pit e l a t tc d be pr pe l bare unde OP 803. He f rhera s t t tsnce hi or f m ct ha oul o ry r d r 2. ut s ers ha i s der or e e sy as dt vendor t e udepe ta i pi tles t ve swoul nothaves nthi xpr s l ke he s o xcl ner ton ctr , he ndor d e m a s h pi t es orcaal ,and PSCC ofk il e r d i r t ni hi or r . Ga dne as ny uc cur t ogs t a s re n eur ng s de s r r lo a s rs t the ha pos e s d pho ogr phs a caal fom t s m e ve s a ot r VDOC s e t ha d s se t a nd t ogs r he a ndor t he f iii s aclte . 10 l i welesabls d t tGwl et rgultonsa is c m t e r ofmaeil t s l t ihe ha t her he e ai t sue once he nty l tras i o t prs ns...a r gul to whih gi sprs au hortesbr d dic e i i a oprae. nt he io e ai n c ve ion t ii oa s r ton s ppr i t ' ' Thor g 490 U. a 41 The r uie e r ie ofdi c e i m a r ul i s e t e m i nbur h, S. t 6. eq r d xe cs s r ton y es t n om t e ng s i onsse es'i va y ng a ia i oft polc a dif r nti ttzi ove tm e. l a nc it nci ' n r i pplc tons he iy t fe e nsit ons r i t d. t 41 n.15. M e e va ibiiy i no nec s rl a bir r orir tonal howe r s ast i lda e 7 r ra lt s t es a iy r ta y ra i , ve , o o nva i t t polcy is f I ed,s h s e i y i onsse r ulsm ihtber me e onl by a m o e he i tel. nde uc e m ngl nc itnt es t g e di d y r r titve polc whih c d l a t t e l i of phot a esrci i y, c oul e d o he xcuson ogr phs t t woul ha be ha d ve en ot r s a e abl Sm al v.J ms No.7: he wie cc pt e. ls ol on, 06CV000 2006 W L 2456343,a * n.2 29, t 4 ( . Va Au .21 2 0 )( u tn Tho u a 4 0 U. a 41 n.1 (t v n te lk l W D. . g , 0 6 q oi g mb r h, 9 S. t 7, 5 l e h i ey Gi va i biiy wihi and bewe n i tt i ove tm e gr a e c it y m ihtbe a ti bl ra lt t n t e nsiutons r i , e t r ons senc g tana e onl a t c tofa mor br dl r srci r eagans admison ofi om i publc tons') y t he os e oa y e ti tve ul i t si nc ng ia i . l . Ga dne ' e de e i not s f e t de r r s vi nc s ufkint o monsr t t t OP 8 .2 i i ta e ha 03 s nconsse l it nty a id,1taone t tis wor ng i nots c fc e pple e l ha t di s pe ii nough t pr ventar tar a i to o e bir y pplcai ns Fr . om Ga dne ' s r rs ubmi sons i i e de t t t PSCC de e mi tons t ba pho ogr s i , t s vi nt ha he t r na i o r t a phs of m a t bai n a t uc ng we e c it ntwih pa t PRC sur to nd o hi r onsse t s r i s r ga di smia i a s i ulng e r ng i lr m ge n publc i iatons. ( ,eg. Compl Ex.9,ECF No 1 1 (Thefyest twee de e wee See . , -) t l r ha r nid r . pr vi l di a o e ousy s ppr ved by t he . . PRC)f r c nanig b dl tuds pe ta i m a t ba i o o ti n o i l i , ner ton, sur ton y , ec.) Gadne doe no a lge t t prs ofii l had al w t '. r r s t le ha ion fc as ' lo mastr ton or s xual s tlbai e ly uggesi t hi i t tve ouc ng n he e hi t pos es il ges of d m o s s na pa t Cerai y, t me e f t t t he s. t nl he r ac ha pos es e phot r phs o caal fom t s m e ve s sd og a r t ogs r he n ndor i t n h e pa t does notpr t t t s ove ha he r t ne e l fom hi 201 eur d nveopes r s 3 od r c nan dn p tso jcin bet erOP 803 res o tie o hoo beto a l md F .2. ort satd r a ons t co tdoe no fnd t he t e e s , he ur s ti h a ofkil 'i e pr t to t f a s nt r e a i 803.2 r slc i t i ud n of t OP he e ti tons o ncl em a t ba i a t hi o s l sur ton nd ouc ng ne ef wa s ar tay orir to last s o bi' r r rai na o 11 i ldae t polc or r pr s nt a c tm to ly sgnii a m ia i to o t polc nvai t he iy e ee onsi i nal i fc nt s pplcai n f he iy. Bec us prs ofii sc d r as a e ion feal oul e onabl be ive t tba ng s h pitle f rhe ed l gii t y le ha ni uc c tr s u t r e tma e i e ess i lm ii s xua ha as me a e nc ng s c t a r ha lhton, t c t nt r t n i tng e l r s nt nd nha i e miy nd e bii i he our c ncu e t a Gad e h s n Fis Ame d n cam a to a l u e j1 8 a t t e o ld s h t r n r a o rt n me t li cin b e nd r 9 3 s o h rj cino p oog a sa dc tl sfo Ap i a dJme2 3o d r. ee to f h t rph n aaog r m rl n t 01 r e s B. DuePr e sCl m s oc s ai Alegai ns t t prs ofi i l r ndom l de i d a i t ofhi pr ry,whe he l to ha ion fc as a y prve n nma e s ope t t r i e i ly o a a r s tofneglge e,do notsae a c tt tonalcli t fa m e ni u nt ntona l r s e ul i nc tt ny onsiu i am û i n ngf l p s- e rv to rme yf rt els i a albl. Hu s n v Pame, 8U. 51 , 3 ( 98 ) o td p i ai n e d o h o s s v i e' d o . l r 46 S. 7 5 3 1 4 . a ' An ofk i doe notvi ae a i t s f de aldue pr es rght me ey by vi a i E sa e t al s ol t n nma e' e r oc s i s r l oltng t tt a c eaed r e r gultng t de i ton ofa pr pe t i e e t' Rici v.Cnt ofFar a Va. r t ul e a i he prva i o ry ntr s.' c o y. if xs , 9 7F.d 1 9 1 9( t Ci.1 9 )(i dn t thete e a sa d r o wh t r e si d e. . 0 2 45 , 46 4h r 9 0 fn ig ha t û d r l tn ad f a p oc s s u . f i n td in db saec e tdp o e u e ' s o e e y tt-rae r c d rs). Unde t e prnci es t PSCC ofi a who i dve t l r ur d Ga dners fr t r hes i pl , he fcil na renty et ne r ' is or r of phot r phs a e e ng a i pplca e we g lmi di not vi ae t i ae' de og a s xc edi n na i bl i ht i t d ol t he nm t s f der ldue pr es rg s M or ove ,Ga dne pos es e t tr m e esunde Vig ni s e 1 e a oc s i ht . e r r r s s s or e di r r i a kt aw t s e r c r offnanc a l s c e by aprs ofk i ' ne i nce. Se Vigi a Code o e k e ove y i i l os es aus d ion t als glge e r ni j801 1 53 Th rf r ,h c u twi g a tt emo in t ds s a t Gad e ' d ep o e s . - 9 .. e eo e te o r l r n h to o imis s o r n rs u r c s l c am sr r ng hi trtor r l i ega di s s s de . The due pr s a yss i si hty dif r ntwhen prs ofk il de i a i ae of oce s nal i s lg l fe e ion t a s prve n nm t li pr ry i e esspur ua t prs n polc s h as OP 803. and OP 803. Coursha zs ope t nt r t s nt o io i ys uc 1 2. t ve a oved t f l ng m i m a s e r f wihhol ng ofprs r i om i publc tons ppr he olowi ni l af gua ds or t di ione s' nc ng ia i : 4 1 a p o it n tc ;( )ar a o a l o p rt t t c aln et ei iild tr nain;a t ) p rprae oie 2 e s n b e p o t y o h le g h nta eemi to nd ( mi 12 ( ) a utmae d cso b a dsn ee td pa t n t p i y t t iiil c n o s i 3 n li t e iin y iitrse ry o rv o he n ta e s rhp d tr n to . Ho knsv. lis 5 F.d 5 3 5 4( t Ci.1 7 ) Th stid s fg ad c n eemi ai n' p i Co l , 48 2 0 , 0 4h r 9 7 . i hr a e u r a ' n be s tsi d i c a ife f ompl i s a t t wihhol ng of a i ant bou he t di n ncomi m a lie a e G e e r t a ng i t m r û f red o r prs ofi a ot r t n t pe s n who orgi l dia ove t co r s nde .' L us ion tcil he ha he r o i naly s ppr d he r e po nce' d . ( u t P o t e v.M a t e ,41 U..3 6,41 (97 ) F rhemo e wh r t e imae q oi r cmir ng ri z 6 S 9 n 9 1 4 . u t r r, ee h n t mai ai c r ove t dipos lofa pr bied ie ,t r i no d i ton ofa pr e e nt ns ontol r he s a ohi t t m he e s eprva i otctd pr ry i ees. See W iln v.M e s ,9 F. 99 998 ( 1 Ci. 1 )(i ng no ope t ntr t lims e e 26 2d 4, 10 r 991 fndi de i ton ofpr t whe e rng a posage sn prvai opery r i nd t t mps s i e by prs ofk i sa s ntt a ez d ion t al nd e o n a d e so imae sc o i ) P v rElv Kel 8 2 F.S p 2 ,2 ( D. 1 9 )(idng d r s f n t ' h osng ; r o - . l 9 v, u p. 61 71 D. C.9 5 fn i no de i ton whe e prs ofk il al prvai r ion t a s lowed s pmen ofi t sdialowe pe s lpr pe t hi t nma e' s l d r ona o ry t hi ho a hi e ns . Eve i aprs n ofiilrtunedmalt t s nde whe i miht o s me t s xpe e) n f io fca eti o he e r n t g ha be n de m e pe m isbl pr ry f t i m ae t pos e s iolt d i de s of ve e e d r s i e ope t or he n t o s s , s a e nci nt G o g tl r tr e mald )no rs a o en gie c a d t r f r , al qt saeacam t n fz y eun d i og t ie b v e lg n e n , heeo e f il o tt li wr l t e j 1 8 . W hth u e v.Co e,No.11 c 0 0 CMH/ ) 2 2 W L 5 8 2 ,a * md r 9 35 ' ie o s m r :0 v1 2 ( TRJ, 01 068 t 3 ( D. . 01 )(ii Da il v. ila ,4 4U..3 7 3 8 ( 9 6 (idngn d p o e s E. Va 2 2 ctng n es W l ms 7 S 2 , 2 1 8 ) fn i o ue r c s i p o lm wh r ot a rt r e p o oo smin d ifn) r be ee f l eu n d h t f e - u e n a t. ki Ga dne has no due p oc s cai r r ng a of t c t l fom hi s c r r r e s l m ega di ny he a a ogs r s e ond a nd f t or r t the c d notpos es unde O P 8 1. The e publc i ie s wer r vi w ed ourh de s ha oul s s r 03. s i aton t m e e e a dia ove t r OP 803. by t PRC a a dii e ese pa t M or ove ,Ga d rwa nd s ppr d mde 2 he s snt r t d ry. e r r ne s notde rve ofhi pr ry i e e ti t caal ,snc he ha a opporuniy t c r t pi d s ope t ntr s n he t ogs i e d n t t o ontol he m a ri whih o t i l dipos d oft m . nne n c fk as s e he The c ta s f nds t tG a dne ' lbe t a pr r y i e es s i t phot r phs i a 1 our l o i ha r r s i ry nd ope t nt r t n he og a n l tre o hi rj ce o d r we ea e u tl prtce b te p o e u e i OP 8 .. Gad e h e f s ee td r es r d q aey oe td y h r c d r s n 03 1 r n r had pro notc t ough t lng i r ie hr he a uage oft polcy t ti m i mai co ani pr hi t d, he i ha nco ng l nt i ng o bie nonpublc ton ie woul be r t ne t t s nde i s ey pos i e,wihou ofi i l frt ia i t ms d e ur d o he e r f af l sbl t t fc as is co uli hi . He a s ha prornotc t tc ns tng m lo d i i e ha omm e calpho ogr phswe e noti uded i t ri t a r ncl n he defnii ofa publc ton a wo d no be s ntt t PRC f r e bef e beng r t ne t i ton i ai nd ul t e o he or eviw or i eur d o t ve or By pl i t or r , Ga dner a s e t rs t tt ve he nd . acng he de s r s um d he ik ha he ndor m i i l ght ncude phot t tvi a e OP 803. whi h wo d r s t i li or r beng i e ael r t ne os ha olt d 2, c ul e ul n ls de s i mm di t y eur d, w iho a pr s o t r m blr e hi f pos a c t .9 Fi ly, G a dne r ei d no i e e h t ut ny ovi i n o ei zs m or t ge os s na l r r ec ve tc ac tme ofi a s r tl ed one of t e ope of phot a he had o de e a he ha a i fcil etm he nvel s ogr phs r r d, nd d n opporuniy t pr t s t ofi a s a ton t ough t g iva e pr e e t s e de e l t t o o e t he fcil ' c i hr he re nc oc dur s o om gr e.o Req rng prs sa ft f war e r e l ofphot r phst t PRC f r e woul be uii ion t f o or d ve y nveope og a o he or eviw d ove l bur o e a Ga dne ofer no e de e t ts h a pr e ewoul lke y r ul i ry dens m , nd r r f s vi nc ha uc oc dur d i l es t n f we il ii ae de i tonsunde t c ie i i OP 803. Ac di y,t cour c l s e r leg tm t prva i r he rtra n 2. cor ngl he t oncude t tt e si pr dur ls he e pr de ade t pr e ton f i a e 'pr ry i er ss ha he xitng oce a c m ovi s qua e ot c i or nm t s ope t nt e t r a e t s h m a lor rie s The e or t c twilgr de e nt 'm o i n t dimis elt d o uc i de t m . r f e, he our l ant f nda s to o s s Ga dner sdue pr e s c ai si t i entr t r ' oc s l m n he r i e y. 9 The c tnotst tGa dne di no e an t t ve our e ha r r d t xpli o he ndort tt i spr bie by OP 8 .3 we e ha he mage ohi td 02 r no lmie t de ci oft t t i td o pitons he ypes ofs xualacs lse i t polc l Ga dne c est or raddii e t itd n he iy. f r r hoos o de tonal pi u es he c n r et rs ofhavi hi or r pr hi td unde OP 803. bypr di t vendorwihamor ctr , a educ he ik ng s de s o bie r 2 ovi ng he t e c plt ve son oft polc om ee ri he iy. 1 Gar compl nst tPSCC ofk i s de i hi oft opporuniy t purue pi vanc r di 0 dner ai ha t al prved m he t t o s e e eme es rgadi hi f urh or ofpho ogrphsand t r by denid hi duepr es . Ga dne ad t,howe r t the e r ng s o t der t a he e e m oc s r r mis ve , ha di no atc t t pu i ton diappr lf ms he r ei ast bass fr t rt r ofhi mai,whih d t ta h he wo blcai s ova or ec ved he i o he e un s l c rndeed hi greva i omplt a i a Fort sr s hi cam rgar ng hi f t or r mi alo be e r s i nce nc ee t ntke. hi ea on, s li e di s ourh de ght s ds se u d r4 U.. jl 9 ea, sdo hsfi r t e h us a albea mi srt rme e . imisd n e 2 SC. 9 7 ()bae n i al e o x a t v ia l d nitai e dis u ve 14 Il I For t saed r as , t c t g ant De e nt ' m oton t d s is a t a1 of he t t e ons he our r s f nda s i o im s s o l Ga dne ' c am s An a o it or rwilis t sda r rs li . ppr pra e de l s ue hi y. The Clr i die e t s nd c es of t s m e o a l opi on and a c pa ng e k s r ctd o e opi hi m r ndtm ni c om nyi or rt Pl i ifa c de o antf nd ouns lf De e n s e or f nda t . ENTER:Thi l s V da ofJ y, 2014. y ul Chi fUnie St t sDititJ e t d a e src udge 1 5

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