Donohue v. Lambert et al, No. 7:2013cv00397 - Document 88 (W.D. Va. 2014)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 09/25/2014. (kab)
Download PDF
<![CDATA[
'' gjjjjj, ,,;gy, tRy -e =' g g g (j ' j jç t . : % AfRC7NQKE,7 )t A Fl EQ L . spp 2 - l . j I TH E UNI N TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT FOR THE W ESTERN DI STRI O F VI NI CT RGI A R O A NO K E D I I O N V SI JOHN DONOHUE, JULA C. ! u t CL i zx, ERK BY; DEP CLERK CASE NO .7: 13CV00397 Pl nt f , ai i f M EM O M ND U M O PI I N N O V. LT. D. J. LAM BERT, AL. c , By: Gln E.Conr e ad ChifUnie St e Dit itJudge e t d at s s rc Defnda t) e nts. J Donohue,a Vi gi a i a e pr e ng pr K ,fl d t s ci lrght a ton ptr ua ohn r ni nm t oc edi o ie hi vi i s c i l s nt t 4 U. C.j1 8 ,algngt a, fe h c vee h swid w a d foo e hsc l o J n 6 o 2 S. 9 3 le i h t a tr e o rd i n o n l d d i el n u e , 201 t de e ntprs ofi i satRe Oni Stt Prs us e es i f c agans hi 3, he f nda ion fcal d on ae ion ed xc sve or e i t m i vi a i oft Ei h Am e n olton he ght ndmen ,whe t y pe r s a hi ,c f d hi t tghty, t n he ppe pr yed m ufe m oo i l bea hi wih t i fss i hi c l a i t s t m t her it n s e l nd n he howe ,a c i d hi i tvepoi r sr i s r nd onfne m n i - nt e tant f t re hour . I addii Donohue s sone ofi e f pl i hi o srp c l s 's on or hiten s n ton, ue tc r or acng m n ti el ut u M a 1 a 2 ,2 3.Thep rish v fld moinsf rsl r j g n ,wh c t ec u t y 1 nd 0 01 a t a e ie to o l e mmay ud me t ih h o r fndsrpe f diposton. Donohue hasa s fl s pa a e motonst n e t a de e nt i i or s ii lo ied e r t i o m nd o dd f nda s 1 s w li a ns w f nt . a al ga i t hi org na ca ms 1as w e1 a ne ca msag i tne de enda sz Thec t nd le tons o s i i l li , our w ila l t e am e l low hes ndm e s nt . Donohue v. Lambert et al 1 I t orgi l compl nt Donohue na es t s de e nt Lt J. .Lamber, Lt Bl ns Lt n he i na ai , m he e f nda s: . D t . evi , . M ccowa Lt P.Pa n, . yne,Lt C. Gibe t W a de M ahe ,Sgt C.De ,Ofi er S. .W hie,Ofk e Be l . C. l r, r n t na . el tc T t t r very, Ofi erMccur Uni M ana rW .Swi y,Lt S. Fr nkln,OfkerAda ,Ofi rRos and Ofi erM uli . tc dy, t ge ne . B. a i t ms tce e, tc lns I hi frtmoton t amend,Donohue s e t a t f l ng i vi l asde e nt t t exc sve f c n s is i o e ks o dd he olowi ndi duas f nda s o he es i or e Doc. 88 cams Mao Galh r K. ike , Car l(1pa eo d fn a tBe el) S tD. ro M. u e a dJ li : j r l a, Brn ly T. rol 1 lc f ee d n v ry , g. Batn, Yo nc , n . i 1 Di s et . 2 Donohuena t f l ngpr s ntorf me prs ofki sa dee nt i t ame mes he olowi e e or r ion t al s fnda s n he ndedcli s at am ' . Re On o - L. u l , . t s Vi t e Po r , R. l n , L. y R. Gi o , A. tl, i e d i n M li M Comt, t o , we s L. Co l s S. Da , D. bs n D. S il Qu l n, ns a i l J hns W ake ,I e T. ccoy, Raior a J D oe; Notowa v .Gr P. hie, Rodrgue D . o on, l r ngl, M T. f d, nd ohn at t yay, W t E. i z, Sa r,Hari Di ,Cauc i E. il , s r J Doe ;a ReginalDie t G. W ahi on. undes rs ggs hrn, M ler and eveal ohn s nd o r cor K. s ngt Dockets.Justia.com Forr as he ei sa e t cour fndsm a e i f ct i dipu e a t Donohue scai s e ons r n tt d, he ti t ral a s n s t s o ' lm t ts ha ome def nda sus d exc sve f c orf ie t i t r e t pr ve s h f c on J 6 e nt e es i or e al d o n e v ne o e nt uc or e une a 7, 201 The c t c l s howe r t t t de e nt a e e ild t s nd 3. our onc ude , ve , ha he f nda s r ntte o umm a y r j dg n a t Do o u ' camsc nc r i t eOC p p e s ry a d srpc l sau , n a t u me t s o n h e s li o enng h e p r p a n ti el tt s a d s o h scamsa an tc ran d fn ns ee o e t ed fn a t'moin f rs mmayj d me t i li g is e ti ee da t.Th r f r, h ee d ns to o u r u g n wil eg a tdi pat ndd ne i p r, n t matrwil estf raj r til l lg to t e l b rn e n r a e id n a ta d he te l b e o u y ra . n ih f h m ae i l f cua diput a r ne t ra a t l s es nd e wed, c a ii d dico r r que t, Donohue' m o i f l rfe s ve y e ss s tons or sl r j d me twilb d ne wih u p eu ie3 The n w d e p o e s a d rtlain l mma y u g n l e e id to t rj d c . e u r c s n eaito c am s a ns ne de e nt , howe r mus be sl ma iy dimi s as wihou me i, li gai t w f nda s ve , t tm rl s s ed t t rt p ru n t 2 U. C. 1 5 b)1. u s a t o 8 S. j 91 A( ( ) 1 Do . nohue sA le i i t Com pl nt ' l gatons n he ai On M a 11 201 a trofk e st d Donohuet the wo d notr e ver c eai n a a y , 3, fe t r ol ha ul ec i e r to nd s howe and r u e t c lt s r a t t k t Donohue he sa td t co r hi c l door r ef s d o al he e ge nt o al o , tre o ve s e l wi ndow. The s r a t c e ge nt hen ame,r moved Do e nohue a hi pr ry fom t c lwihouta nd s ope t r he el t ny r ssa e a r t ned Donohue t t celon m odi d srp c lsa us whie hi pr ry e itnc , nd em o he l fe ti el tt , l s ope t r mai d on a t e i t pod f r s ve ho s W he D onohue got hi pr r y ba k,f e ne abl n he o e n ur . n s ope t c our e xpensvelw bookswe em isng. i a r si On M ay20,201 a s vealtme beor t tda Ofie Quil ale dl pr de 3, nd e r i s f e ha y, tc r len lge y ovi d Do uew ih a e y mea ta Do hue c am st tfom r cevi a i ufk i ntmnot noh t n mpt l r y. no l i ha r e i ng n ns t e mt off , he ha l t40 pot ds s nc he ca e t Re Oni 4 N otknow i wha elet do t g t ood ng t s o o e s os m i e m o d on. 3 Dic v r dsue beo etema srt jd eha eb e o g igi t sc s .Thec u t a rviwe so ey ip ts fr h gitae u g v e n n on n hi a e o rh s e e d Donohue' mos r e mo i i t tr r andhasc i r d hi co i ngdiput overdic r i t lg s t ec nt tons n ha ega d onsde e s ntnui s es s ove y n he iht motfv rbl t hi i d tr nigtea po raers lto o tes mmayj d me t to s s a oa e o m n eemi n h p rp it eouin fh u r u g n moin . 4 Do huepr s nt e de t ther poredhi weihtl st t me c uni,butt docorf no e e s vi nce ha e t s g os o he dial t he t oundno m e c ne t or re r pori ors e e sf hi . dial ed o de xta tons upplm nt or m 2 f Donohue soppe up hi t l t c usng a food i hi cela t s rot ng pod ar a. ed, t d s oie, a i l n s l nd he u r mdi e Ofi r r m ove hi fom hi cel dr ged hi pr pe t t ough t wa e on t foo ,a fce s e d m r s l, ag s o ry hr he t r he l r nd br ought a dic plna y c ge agans hi f i e to l foodi s i i r hm' i t m or nt n i na l ng. The co c i a t nviton nd he pe t ofr tit d prvie son t tc r we e u l de pie Do hue' compl nt ofnot naly esrc e i lge ha ha ge r phed, s t no s ai s be ng f d. i e O n Jm e 6,201 d i r cr a i pe i I a e C.Sm ih pa s D onohue a c of a t 3, ur ng e e ton rod, nm t t s ed opy s tl e or r i a 1 1 pr s r c vi rght c e. W he O f i e Ros c e t t r c e ton e tem nt de n 98 i one i l i s as n fc r e am o he e r a i ar a t r t n Donohue t hi c l,Ros c ic e t doctme a c r ba e o e ur o s el e onfs atd he l nt s onta nd. Donohue saest the i e d t us t sdocume t c lng t l gaiy ofa r ce l i e e e tt ha nt nde o e hi nt o hale e he e lt e nty mplm ntd s t m of g adua ed pr vie s f Re Oni i a e . W he D o hue i i t d t the ne ded ys e r t i l ge or d on nm t s n no ns s e ha e t doc e f hi ltga i e f t,Ros t e t ne t bea hi f pr t tng Re Oni n he um nt or s ii ton fors e hr a e d o t m or o esi d o polc e . To pr es t c icai n, Do hue cove e hi wi ii s ot t he onfs to no r d s ndow a tooded hi cel nd l s l. Ofk e s cn t t c l or r d hi t unc r hi wi t r me o he el, de e m o ove s ndow,a whe he di not c nd n d ompl y, s a hi t e tm e wih OC pe rs a An e r c i t am e e e Donohue' c l a pr yed m hr e i s t ppe pr y. xta ton e nt r d s el nd, a tra sr e r tanedhi a e c re hi t t s fe tuggl, esr i m nd s o td m o he howe f de ont m i ton. r or c a na i Donohue a lgest tdli t r tai pr es ,Ofi e W hie a id one ha uf s le ha trng he esr nt oc s fc r t pple ndc f o tghty t ti c us d ner da a t hi l f wrs .5 D onohue as a lgest ta trhewa f l i l ha t a e ve m ge o s et it lo le ha fe s uly r tane i i hi c l W hie and Car lsnz hi i t f c num e oustmes c i hi esr i d nsde s el, t rol t ck m n he a e r i , ausng s t l y ai ûl hs s . f r 1 t e re a c s o a e rg te et s l a dbe d6 W hie alegedl s d, i -j i i . . o a1 h g iv n e y uh v ih y o wel n le . l- be flng,a youbetrba kof i yo know wha' f---goodf you. ( mpl 9. en ii nd te c f f u ts --or ' Co . ) ' S Dono alege t theco i st ha pai i hi wrs a now we r abr e. hue l s ha ntnue o ve n n s it nd a s ac 6 I t compl nt Donohue ale s t tW hie a Beve l a s ule hi i i t c l. Aûert ai , n he lge ha t nd ry s a td m nsde he el he d fnd nssb te e ie c o smmayj d me tha Carl, o Be el, m ii tdi tec le ta to o ee a t u mitd vd n e n u r u g n t t roln t v ry p cpae n h el xrcin n J 6,201 Donohue move t a nd t deee t cl msagans Beve l and add Carol asadefnda i hi une 3, d o me o lt he ai it ry rl e nt n s pl e.Theco twilgr t sa endment ac ur l ant hi m . D onohue a s alege t t w hie he w a i t s e ,W hie a Ca r l c i l o l s ha l s n he how r t nd r ol ontnuousy l snmmed hi he d i o t s l s a nt he howe wa la kne hi i t rbs s ver ltm e be or pus ng r l nd ed m n he i e a i s f e hi hi he d under t w a e and pl ci a s t m as on hi he d t hi t c s br i es a s a he t r a ng pi k s a o de he ut , u s , nd l c r to t y ha ca e Donohue a lges t tGibe t Fr nkln,Swi y,M uli ,Ros a e ai ns he d us d. le ha l r, a i ne lns e, M cctr y,Pa ld yne,Dee ,and Ln r Gi y sood by a wa c d' a f ie t i e ve a l mbe t ldl t nd t he ' nd a ld o nt r ne s W hiea Car la s ule Do huei t s werfrf mi e .(J t nd rol s a td no n he ho o our nuts L=) Ofk e s t n pl e Donohue i fve- nt r tant wihout r ssa e, whe e he t r he ac d n i poi esr i s t e itnc r r ma ne f s ver lhour .He cai st the wasnotofe e aba hr e i d or e a s l m ha frd t oom br k f s ve hour , ea or e n s durng whih tme he urnaed on hi s l. W he Ofi e M c i c i i t m ef n tc r cowa di r las hi fom t n d ee e m r he fve poi s a m i g a plc d hi i n bult r r sr i s t us t r toom and e t i - nt t dni ht nd a e m n m a o y e tant o e he esr a, Donohue was not r ssa . Ne t e s ofi e s r t ned hi t fvepoi r tant f r e it nt verhels , fc r eur m o i - nt esr i s o s ve a m o e hour . A fer t s i de s ofi r br e rl r s t he e nci nt , tce s ought t e di c plna y c r s a i t hr e s i i r ha ge ga ns Donohue: t m pe i wih s c t eq pme ,i e i ly toodi a a ea a diobe ng a n rng t e mi y ui nt nt ntona l l ng n r , nd s yi n o de . Donohuewasf r r ound g ly on ea h c r a pe lz wih afne. uit c ha ge nd na ied t i D onohue al o cl m s t t o J m e 1 201 t o of i e stle t ne t û a hi bl ed s ai ha n t 0, 3, w f c r lr a e d o i ke m e m wor et n i t s we 'i hefld pa r r a s ha n he ho r' f ie pe wo k boutt J 6, 3 sr phe une 201 ta down a be tngs nd a i . He as e t t tRed Oni W a den M ahe knowsofa c s rs ha on r t na nd ondoness h vi enc a a e of uc ol e nd bus polc i y. I .The Parte M o i ns f Sum m ar Judgm ent I i s' t o or y An a r o sl r j d me ti a p o it wh n lh pe dng ,t ds o e y a d wad f l mmay u g n s p rprae e t e la i s he ic v r n t dicos e m ae il on fl,a a afi vis s s l ur tra s ie nd ny fda t how t tt r i no g ne is a t a ha he e s enui s ue s o ny maei fcta t tt mova i e ild t j me a a matroflm ' Fed.R.Ci P. tral a nd ha he nt s ntte o udg nt s te a ' v. 5 () A p ry se n s mmayj dg n b aste iiilb r e o s wi t ea s n eo a 6 c. a t e kig u r u me t e r h nta u d n f ho ng h b e c f 4 genui is ofmaeilf t Ceotx Cor v.Cart 477 U. 31 3 ( 986) The t ne sue tra ac. l e p. tet S. 7, 23 1 . n, he btr n s fs t t nonmovi pa t t s lde hit o he ng ry o how t t s h a is doe ,i f c ,exit Se ha uc n sue s n a t s. e M as hiaElc.I . . d.v.Ze t Radi Cor ,475U. 574,58 8 ( ) tus t e ndus Co.Lt nih o p. S. 6- 7 1986 . For a pa t s e de ry' vi nce t r i e a ge ne i s of m a e i l f c s t i nt t a d o as nui s ue t r a a t ufk e o voi sl r j d me t i mus bei u h t a ar a o a l j r c ud rt r a v r itf rt e n n l mmay u g n , t t û c h t e s n be u y o l eu n ed c o h o s mo ig p ry. An e s n v Lie t Lo b .l . 4 U. 2 2 2 8 ( 9 6 . l ma n t i vn a t ' d ro . b ry b y nc, 77 S. 4 , 4 1 8 ) n kig hs ' dee mi ton,G he c ti r uie t vi t f cs a dr w r a onabl i e e si a lght tr na i ç our s eq r d o ew he a t nd a e s t e nf r nce n i mos fvorbl t t nonmo ng pary. Sha v.Stoud,1 F. 791 798 ( h Ci.1 . t a a e o he vi t' ' w r 3 3d , 4t r 994) iW he e t r or t ken a a whol c d not la a r tonal ti r of f c t fnd f t t r he ec d a s e oul e d ai re a t o i or he n n vn p ry,h r i n g n ieis ef rtil' S o t Hars 5 0 U..3 2 3 0 ( 0 7 o mo ig a t te e s o e un su o ra . c t v. ri, 5 S 7 , 8 2 0 ) ' (mitngquouto . o ti in)7 A . D e endant 'e de e f s vi nc The de e n s of e t f l w i undi put evi nc i s f nda t f r he olo ng s ed de e n uppo tof t i m o i f r he r ton or s mmayj d me t OnJ n 6, 01 , fn a tDe lsw t tDo o uea d tei maei te u r u g n. u e 2 3 Dee d n e a ha n h n h n t n h ne celha co r d t i wi xt l d ve e her ndows Ofende sa enotpe m itd t c rt i c l wi . f r r r te o ove her e l ndowsf or a r as bec us i pr ve t sa ffom s i i o t c l Donohue r f s d t r s ny e on, a e t e n s t f r eeng nt he el. e u e o e pond or unc rhi wi w . I addii De s w wae fo ng outfom unde Donohue' c l door ove s ndo n ton, el a tr l wi r r s el . Bot i t s r f s d t t ve t rwi ws a trt ofi e s ga r pe t d or r f t m h nma e e u e o mco r hei ndo fe he fc r ve e a e de s or he t do s Ofk e De c le De e ntPa ne who r pe t dl or r Donohue t unc rhi o o. t r el al d f nda y , e a e y de ed o ove s wid w. W he Do o u r f sd t c mpl,t e o fc r o tie a p o a fo t e me ia no n n h e e u e o o y h tie s ban d p r v l r m h d c l 1 The Pat s moin fr s mmay j d me t ae drce a Do o u ' o iia cams ta te ri ' to s o u r u g n r ietd t n h es rgn l li h t h e dee nt us e esi f c agans hi i vmi r s t.Thecour wila e ss r t yDonohue' r ent fnda s ed xc sve or e i t m n ous e pecs t l ddr s epa ael s ec amendme st t s cams whihprma iy i ves cha nt o he e li , c i rl nvol ome ngest t defndan shei endst s o he e t nt o ue. de rme t us OC pe rs a a e e to c on t et ofe r .8 Payne agai or r d pa t nt o e ppe pr y nd l cr nis hes wo f nde s n de e teimae t u c e t erwido , n te fie t c mpy.Pa n n tfe M ao Gal r h n ts o n ov r h i n ws a d h y ald o o l y e o iid j r lha i of t i i nt a obt i d hi a ovalt us a c l e r t m t r m ove Donohue a t he nc de nd a ne s ppr o e e l nt y ea o e nd he ot ri ae fo t rc l i nec s ar 9 he nm t r m hei els f e s y. Pa t n or r d Donohue t bac up t t c ldoo t be r tai d,butDonohue yne he de e o k o he el ro esr ne f l t do s Pa net n a i se e a o - l t one s c bur tofOC pe rs a i o aied o o. y he dm nit r d ne ha f o e ond s ppe pr y nt t ce l a t n g he l, nd he ave D onohue a he o der t ba k up t t ce l door t be r s r i not r r o c o he l o e t a ned. Agai Donohue f l t c n, aied o ompl Pa s a d a s ond btrtof OC pe r s ay i o t y. yne pr ye ec zs ppe pr nt he cela or r hi t ba up t be r sr i l nd de ed m o ck o e taned. Donohue sildi notc tl d ompl Pa s a y. yne hot t r s tbur tof t pe r s a i o t c l a ga a fnalo de f Donohue t c pl hid hor s he ppe pr y nt he e l nd ve i r r or o om y w ih r s r i pr edur s buthe f l d t do s Pa t or r a c lenty t m t e e t t e t a nt oc e, aie o o. yne hen de ed el r en o nt r he cel r sr i Donohue,a e r c hi fom hi c l,a Gali rha au horze l, e ta n nd xta t m r s e l s lha d t i d. The e r c i t m c it d of Ofk e s W hie M c zdy,Ros M uli ,a Ca r l xta ton ea onsse t r t , clr e, lns nd rol. W he t c l doo o ned,W hie a M cctr y e e e tr t c r yi e e t oni s el . A fe n he e l r pe t nd ld nt r d i s , a r ng l c r c hi ds tr t lns nd s e snz e,t t m plce ha ufsa s ckls on Dono ,0 a W hie,M uli , a om t ggl he ea a d ndc f nd ha e hue 1 nd M cctr e c td hi t s ldy s ore m he howe f de ont mi ton fom t OC pe rs a Ros sa r or c a nai r he ppe pr y. e t yed i t pod ar at hep e r c a he i ae. n he e o l xta t not r nm t % Donohue diput t defnda s'e de e t tt ofi r had me ca appr t us OC s a o s es he e nt vi nc ha he tce s di l oval o e pr y n hi sa i t me c woul notha a o us ofOC s ay on t ot ri t who cove e hi wi m, ttng hat dial d ve ppr ved e pr he he nmae r d s ndow, be aus hei a t tc.Theco tfndsnomae ildiput he e asDonohueofe sno e de et tme c f l c e s shmai ur i tra s e r , fr vi nc ha dial aied t a o OC s a f us onDo hue o ppr ve pry or e no . W ar n M ahe wasnotpr en durng t c le r a wasnoti ved i t decson t plc de t na es t i he el nty nd nvol n he ii o a e D o hu i fvepoi r tai s no e n i - nt esr nt . 1 Det is a 0 a l boutt s sr e ar s m l diput d. D o hi t uggl e ha y s e nohue ale t tW hie a i one hand c f s l ges ha t ppled uf o tg ty t ti ijle hi d nista a y n u e a ee to i s il a an thi a c ne d ta Wht a d ihl ha t nt d m, e e h t n o e sd n lcrnc hed g is m, nd o tn s h t ie n r Ca r lt n bea hi i t f e aûe he wa r sr ned. Deenda W hie de escommitng an oft eacs rol he t m n he ac r s e tai f nt t ni ti y hes t, sai t hea tvaedt s el agans Donohueand t a id s ckl t Donohue' a es Al t ofke s ttng hat c i t he hi d i t hen pple ha es o s nkl . l he t r denys ei a e ng nyonebe tng Donohue ai . 6 Do hue was i t s no n he howe f f ur m i es1 A fe de nt m i ton, Donohue was r or o nut .1 t r co n na i es ore t t medialuni.Ntr e Cox as e s d Do hue' c ton, tng abl c ne rg c td o he c t ls sse no s ondii no i a ke d i ht e l c r to t hi he a f ,s r pe on hi ba k,he d,f ,and c s,a r d a ea on ye, a e ai n o s ad nd oot c a s s c a oot he t nd e r s hi s ul r a c t The nur e c e ne t e a e wih se ie wa e a t d Donohue t s ho de nd hes. s l a d hes r as t t rl t r nd ol o f l up wih me c a ne ded. olow t di al s e Ata oxi a ey 52 p. . Blvi ,La r a Ba tn pl c d Donohue i fve- nt ppr m t l 52 m , e ns mbe q nd ro a e n i poi r tant i me c lcel/1 wihouti de , as a ho i ed by Gali r 1 i or rt c r hi esr i s n di a l / t nci nt ut r z lha ,2 n de o ontol s dinl i be vi . Ofk e s not s fom r a c ks of Do hue' beha or sa e t the s ptve ha or t r' e r egulr hec no s vi tt ha contnu t be dir ptve whie i r sr i s ye lng t t he woul get outand kil a1 t i ed o su i l n e tant , li ha d l 1 he of i e s o m a t fc r r ke hem pa Bas d o r por s t t Donohue c i d t m a c m e s lke y. e n e t ha ontnue o ke om nt i t et oughoutt ni a s hes hr he ght nd how a e son a a rt r saf,e a trt ga hi gp s i nd nge owa d t f ven fe hey ve m a i i ntfee b e k i n n nc de -r r a n mbult r r tant a mi ght ofk e s r a id t fve poi a o y esr i s t dni , t r e pple he i - nt r sr i t . M e c lsa fa s c ke on Do hue s r ltm e dtrng t ni ,butnot d no e ta n s di a t f lo hec d no eve a i s li he ght e voi ed c pl i s c om a nt . Super s y ofi i sm us de i whe a i a e' be vi ha i ove a whe t vior fcal t cde n n nm t s ha or s mpr d nd n o r l s hi fo fve poi r tant 'c r ctonalofk e sm a no m a t e dec sons At eea e m r m i - nt esr i s ore i , t r y t ke hes ii . a oxi ael 6:0 a on J 7,201 Lt Da a Lt Fl mi r ea e Donohue fom fveppr m t y 5 m une 3, . y nd . e ng el s d r i poi r sr i s Donohue co pl ne t thi lf ha hur. Thentr e c ke hi a not nt e ta nt. m ai d ha s e t nd t ls hec d m nd ed no r dnes ,bnlsng ordef r ii s A doc orexn i d D onohue' ha on J 1 201 a t r e s ii o m te . t m ne s nd une 0, 3, f e Donohue compl i d ofpa n and numbne s The docornot d t tt ha ha g sr ngt ane i s. t e ha he nd d ood te h 1 The ofi r de t ta 1 fce s ny ha nyone sn m ed Donohue' he i o a wal orknee hi i t rbsdurng lm s ad nt l d m n he i i de ontm i ton,a D o hue alges a saet thec iue t be vebaly dir ptvea madet e t t ha m c a na i s no le , nd t t ha ontn d o r l su i nd hr as o r saf tf 1 Thedefnda s evi e i t tD o 2 e nt' denc s ha nohue c i d t m akever t easafe beng exr ced fom ontnue o bal hr t tr i ta t r hi c l butDonohue sae t tvi o no ye i t r co d wils t thi conduc di no wa r tt us of s el, tts ha de t t n he e r l how ha s t d t ran he e tvepoi r sr nt. i - nt e tai s a nor a a a a e wih numb ar a di gnos d as ne opa aac e ne ve tal whih nd m l ppe r nc t es a e ur xi / ut r r lma c woul lkey r ol wih tme. d i l es ve t i B. D i scuss on i Do hue' prm a y c e i n i t tt de e nt us d e es i f ce a i thi i no s i r ont nto s ha he f nda s e xc sve or ga ns m n s ve alwa on J ne 6 a 7,201 i vi a i oft Ei ht Am e e r ys u nd 3, n olton he g h ndmentt t Unie St t o he t d aes Cons i ton,whi h pr bisûc u la t us lpuni hm e s' U . Cons . A m e V I l The tm i c ohi t t r e nd m ua s nt . S. ' t, nd. I . Ei h Ame e d s not pr bi a 1 a ia i of f c or i lci of pan agans ght ndm nt oe ohi t 1 pplc tons or e nti ton i i t p io e s Untd Sae v. r,5 2 F.d 4 9 4 4 ( t Ci. 01 ) tol yt el c say rs n r. ie tt s Go e 9 3 8 , 9 4h r 2 0 .t nl h mne e sr l and wa on i lc i ofpai 'rs st t lvelofa c tt i vi ai n. W hilv v.Al s nt ntiton n' ie o he e onsim onal olto te ber , 4 U. 31 ,31 (98 ) Th c u tc n u t a o j cie iq iy wh te çh alg d 75 S. 2 9 1 6 . e o r o d cs n b e tv n u r- eh r ç e le e t wr n d ig wa o j ciey h r u e ug t etbih a c n ttto a v oain' a d a o g on s b e tv l n mf l no h o sa ls o si in l i lto , n u ' s be t iq iy wh t ras cfcp io o fca l ce wih as fiin l c la l saeo u j ci n ur - ehe pe ii rs n f ilE td t u fce ty up be tt f ve a mid. Hu s nv. Mila , 0 U. 1 8(9 2 ( mit gitr l u tto s. n ' d o Mc l n 5 3 S. , 1 9 ) o ti n ena q o ain ) ' i n The o j ci e c mpo n f c s s o dh n tle o t e f re' whc mu t b be tv o ne t o u e n t e at f h o c , ih s e t r ' t n rv a, W ikn v Ga d , 5 U. 3 3 ( 01 ) a d c nb me b th p i is l, e e t tiil' l is . d v 5 9 S. 4, 9 2 0 , n a e t y t e an tef' v n no ' t ' i tep io e h sn e d ngij r ' W ila v. na n 7 F.d 7 6 7 2( t Ci. 9 6 . f h rs n r a o n mi nu y. l ms Be jmi, 7 3 5 , 6 4h r 1 9 ) ' i I a d e sn t es b e tv c mp n n , h c u tmu td tr n G ehe f r ewa a pl di n d r sig h u j cie o o e t t e o r s ee mie û t r o c s p i n wh e a good-at efo tt mai ai or r sor di cplne or m a ii l a s si ly t c us f ih f r o nt n et e s i i , lcousy nd aditca l o a e hnr ' Huds n,503 U. a 5. Fa tr t c tma c i r i ude ( ) t ne d f m.' o S. t co s he our y onsde ncl 1 he e or a pl ain o f re ( t er lto s i b t e t en e a dt ea t o f r et t susd, p i to f o c ,2) h eain hp ewe n h e d n h momt f o c ha wa e c ( t extntoft ij y,( t t e tras bl peceve byt rs i eofi asba e 3) he e he nur 4) he hr a e ona y r i d he e ponsbl fcil s d on t fcs known t t m,a ( a efo t ma t tmpe t s veiy ofa f ceul he a t o he nd 5) ny frs de o e r he e rt or f r pons . W hily, 475 U. a 321 W hie t c ur mus afor de er nc t prs es e te S. t . l he o t t f d f e e o ion 8 a i sr t s ç s ei 'r ga di nec s r me ur t mai an s c iy,t tdicr ton dm nita or ' t cr ton' e r ng es a y as es o di nt i e urt ha s e i d s no i ult fom r vi w aci t ke i ba f ih a f no l gii e pur e. I a E doe t ns a e r e e tons a n n d at nd or e tmat pos ' d. t ' 322. I the e de ,viwe i t lghtmos f vor bl t t pl i if wils f ç vi nce e d n he i t t a a e o he antf, l uppor a r la e t e ibl i e enc ofwa onne si t i lc i ofpa n,' nd i pr e sa f c ua is a t whe he t nf r e nt s n he ntiton i 'a t es nt a t l s ue s o t r he f c wasnonti al t c s mus got ti l l or e rvi , he a e t o ra . d. Do hue c ends t t a us of f r e wa e s i , be aus i t ofier ha no ont ha ny e oc s xce sve c e f he fc s d r tz e t c ic t d cour doc e , woul no ha mibe e t d he onfs a e m t um nt he d t ve s have Heblm e ofi i l f d. a s fc a s or G tng' hi i o br a ng prs r esa as e t t sa ng i hi c li hi ti l ,he l i ' m nt e ki goa ion ul nd s rs hat tndi n s el n s lptops di notpos a tle tne es iai f c d e ny lr a c st tng or e.The e a gume sf i ute l Donohue' pos es i s r nt a l try. s s son oft co tdoc z e on t r c e ton ya d vi a e pr s polc as di c rng hi w i he ur tm nt he e r a i r ol t d i on i y, d ove i s ndow , foodi hi c l,a i i nume ouso der t unc rt wi l ng s e l nd gnorng r r s o ove he ndow a c m pl wih cufi nd o y t tng pr edt e . Hi fusr ton ove l i t doc ntas he di i no e e f hi c c t oc l s r s r tai r osng he ume d s xcus or s hoi e o blt nty dir r prs r l a t mpe wih sa epr t a a l sega d ion ues nd a r t tt opery.Hi own dei ntand r acir nt s ta ec l ta a tonspos d as rouss trt t e ta c eaed ane f ofki la ton t r i c r ove ci e ei ecliy hr a nd r t ed or t a c i o egan ontol r hi a r sor or r a dic plne Cl a l prs ofi a s c m nd e t e de nd s i i . e ry, ion fcil annota l an i t t us low nma e o e vi a i ofprs n r l as a m e ns t ha wha he wa s Thus Donohue' nonc pla oltons i o ues a o ve t nt . , s om i nt a tons nott ofke s r f a t r t n t doc nt ne s ia e t us off c t r sor ci , he f r ' e us l o eur he ume , ce st t d he e or e o e t e or ra e m et s c iy ofsa fa i t s i l ng Do hue de nd ns he e urt t f nd nma e , ncudi no .The c ur wils pa a ey o t l e rtl a e st t ddr s he ypesoff cet of e sutlze or he fc r ii d. 1 U s ofpe r s y o June 6,201 . e ppe pra n 3 I i wele t bls d t tprs ofi i s vi ae t Ei h Am e t s l sa ihe ha ion fcal ol t he ght ndme whe t y us nt n he e pe rs a agans a i a e i û ntte g e t rt ne s a y orf t s e pur e of ppe pr y i t n nm t n G qua ii s r a e han ce s r or he ol pos i lci ofpan. 1 v.Shrve,535F. 225,240 ( h Ci. )(mitngcttons.On t nfiton i ' ko ' e 3d 4t r 2008 o ti iai ) he 9 ot rha m a c t ha uphed asc tt i na t us o pe rs a t r i c r he nd, ny ours ve l onsiuto l he e f ppe pr y o egan ontol ove a r c c ta i t afe ot rmea ur s ha f l t do s Se e. ,So o v.Dike r e alir nt nma e tr he s e ve aied o o. e, g. t c y, 7 4 F.d 1 6 1 0 ( t Ci.1 8 (idn t a u e o ma e o o h rc e c ls b tn e 4 2 2 0, 27 7h r 9 4) fn ig h t s f c r t e h mia u sn c s ç n r as û whe e onabl ne s a y t pr ve rot . y ce s r o e nt i s ort s o ubdue r c cta prs r doe no e alir nt ione s s t c nsiuec u la dih ma p ns me f). o t t r e n n u n u ih n t Donohue doe nota lge a a r e e f t he s f r fom t OC ga t ofi e s s le ny dve s fecs ufe ed r he s he fc r s a d i o hi c l. l e t efe t oft s tnce di notpe s pr ye nt s e l nde d, he f c s he ubsa d r uade Do hue t c pl no o om y wih t ofie s or r ,t ne es iai f rhe us off c t quelhi dinz i be vi . t he fc r ' de s hus c st tng u t r e or e o l s s ptve ha or Do o uep e e t n dip td fc o whih h c ud p ru d aj r t a t eus o t es r y n h r sn s o s u e a t n c e o l e s a e u y h t h e f h p a wa a wa on i lcton ofha m r t rt a good f ih efor t r t e or r The e or t s nt nfi i r a he han at f t o esor de . r f e, he c u t l d n Do o u ' mo in frs mma yj d me t a dg a tt ed fnd ns moi nf r o r wil e y n h e s to o u r u g n , n rn h ee a t' to o s mmayj d me t a t a1e c sie f re cams c n enig te u e o OC s a a an t u r u g n , s o l x e sv o c li o c r n h s f pry g is D onohue. 2. Physi f cal orce duri cel ext i and s er ng l ract on how Dono hue doe not c le t ofi e s us of eecr c s eds or ot eq pme s hal nge he fc r ' e l toni hi l her ui nt dtrng t cele r c i pr e s Hi e de e i t tdurng t spr s ,at li he l xta ton oc s . s vi nc s ha i hi oce s lhough hewasnot r s si t ofi e s a tmpt t r sr i hi ,W hie ha ufe hi t tghty a W hie a e itng he tc r ' te s o e tan m t ndc f d m oo i l nd t nd Cr ol a s uled hi wih t i tss Donohue as e t t t t c l e r ton pr e s ha l sa t m t her i t . s rs ha he e l xtac i oc s s n ti gt d wi te imaesh a ,y th s fee ab a k e ea o h rijlist hshe d. oh n o o t h n t ' e d e e u frd lc y nd t e n t e o i a h r Hed s u e t e d fn a t'e ie c t a t e c f ij r t h swrs r s le i a fw we ks ip ts h ee d ns vd n e h t h u f n u y o i it e ov d n e e . He a s a s rst tW hie a Ca r lphysc l as a t d hi i t s lo s e t ha t nd rol ialy s ule m n he howe f f l mi e , r or otr nut s c usng a tona ijzis W hiea t ot rofke sde t ta a i ddii l nlre . t nd he he t r ny ha nyonephysc ly a s ule ial s a td 10 Donohue a i itt tt y us d onl t ta oun off c ne s ar t r tan hi i hi cel nd nss ha he e y ha m t or e ce s y o esr i m n s l a t dec ami ehi i t s nd o ont nat m n he hower . Fidn maeilf cs i ds t o whih Do h mih p ru d a j r t a t n ig tra a t n ipue n c no ue g t e s a e u y h t he alege physc as a t oc ured i t c l a s l d ial s uls c r n he el nd hower a t t t e pa tc a a t , nd ha hes ri ulr c s c tt ed a wa on i l ci n ofhn m r t rt a g f ih e f tt r sor or r t c t onsiut nt nti to r a he han ood a t for o e t e de , he our wi d n te d fn a t'moi n f r sl r j d me t a t te e e e sv f re cams l e y h e e d n s to o l l mmay u g n s o h s xc s ie o c li agans W hie. The co twilas gr ntDonohue' nme e dimi sng a 1cli agans i t t ur l lo a s ndm nt s s i 1 a ms i t De e ntBe l a a ng Ofi r Ca r l a a def nda t t c am s orgi ly al ge f nda very nd ddi fce rol s e nt o he l i i na l le d a i tBe ry,a wildie tt ce k t a tmpt s r c ofpr s on Ca r l Gi n t gans ve l nd l r c he lr o te e vie oce s r ol. ve he d e nt ' e de e dipu i t al ge physc l a s uls howe , t c t wil de ef nda s vi nc s tng he le d i a s a t, ver he our l ny Do o u ' mo inf rs mmayj d me ta t t s cams n h e s to o u r u g n s o he e li . 3. U s ofs- ntr t ai s on A ugus 10, 2 e poi es r nt t 201 The us of f l -or fve poi r t a nt i a g e otr i - nt esr i s n ood f ih ef o tt con r pr s i a e i a t f r o t ol i on nm t s s notper K . u c nsi to a.Se W i imsv. n n n 7 F.d 7 6 7 (t Ci.1 9 ) Sa lr n o tt in l e l n u l Be imi , 7 3 5 , 63 4 h r 9 6 ; de v.Yot 3 F. zd 68 702 ( . Va.2004) r don ot rgounds 11 F.Ap x 762 mg, 25 supp. 9, W D. , ev' he r , 8 p' ( h Ci.2005 . On t ohe hand,a iai orc i d us offve- ntr sri so a 4t r ) he t r pplc ton ontnue e i poi etant n n i t who doe notc r nty pos a t ea t s urt o dicplne c n be vi atve of t nma e s ur e l e hr t o ec iy r s i i a ol i he Eihh Ame d n e e wh nt timaed e n ts fe sg i n p y ia ijzis S de , gt n me t v n e ha n t o s o u fr int t h sc l nl e . a lr ka r 3 F. zda 70 Davi v.Lese ,1 F. zd588,594( . Va. ) 25 supp. t 4; s tr 56 supp. W D. 2001 . The c t tnds m a e i diput s as t whe he D onohue' beha or afe t ce l our i t ral s e o t r s vi t r he l exta ton wa r n e t a i ton of fve- nt r tant ,whe he anyone ofer d hi a rci r a t d he pplcai i poi esr i s t r f e m ba hr t oom br a be or m i g ,whe he he l d i hi own trne f f t fve hotr ,a e k f e dni ht t r ai n s li or our o i ls nd whehe hi be vi durng t m i ghtbahr m br k wa r t d r a i to oft fve t r s ha or i he dni t oo ea ran e e pplcai n he i - 11 our i t ral acs n s e c poi t r sr i s f s ver l mor holr . The c tfnds m a e i f t i diput on whih n e tant or e a e zs Do h mih p ru d aj r ta t ea pl ain a dt ec n iu to o fv - on rsrit no ue g t e s a e u y h t h p i t n h o tn ain f i ep it etans c o unde t c r um sanc c tt ed a wa o i ci ofha m r t rt n a good f t e f tt r he ic t es onsiut nt n nsi ton r ahe ha aih for o rso eo d r Ac o dngy temo in f rs mma yj d me tmu tb d ne o t s cams e tr r e . c r i l, h to s o u r u g n s e e id n hee li a t t r nki ofk e swho r quese oras it i a yi or i r appl ng t tve poi s o he n ng t r e td ssed n ppl ng n e yi he i - nt r sr it: La et Blv n ,a d M c waz The c u twi g a t s mmay j dg n f r e tan s mb r e i s n co l. o r l rn u l u me t o l Ada s howe r bec us i i undiput d t the ha no a hort t de i whe he fve poi m , ve , a e t s s e ha d ut iy o c de t r i - nt r s r i sw e e a opra el a i d t D onohue. e t a nt r ppr i t y pple o 4. Bys ande s t r Donohue as e t t tt f l ng de e s rs ha he olowi f ndant we e pr s nti t a e o J 6,201 s r e e n he r a n une 3, but f ie t i e v ne whe W hie and Ca l w e e a s tng D onohue: La be t Pay , a l d o nt r e n t nol r s auli m r, ne Gibe t Ros ,M uli ,Dee ,M ccu dy,Swi y,a Fr nkln. Donohue a s f ulsSwi y and l r, e lns l r ne nd a i lo a t ne Fr nkln f f ii t i t r e whe ofk e swe eplc ng Do huei fve- ntr sr i s a a i or a lng o n e v ne n t r r ai no n i poi e tant , nd t n whe ofk e s we e r a yi s h r tant, at he n t r r e ppl ng uc esr i s lhough he wa al ge y no l r s le dl onge di r ptve. su i ill a bysa ng ofker () i co r td wih a flow ofi rs il l a t ( ûlf tndi t 1 s nfone t el fce' lega c, 2) p s e s step we t p e e ti,a d ( )c o e n tt a t h ma bed e d a a c mpl e o s se h o r o rv n t n 3 ho s s o o c, e y e me n c o i c a dte tda c r ig y' Ra d l v P ic Ge r esCo n y 3 2F.d 1 8 2 3( t Ci. 0 2 . n rae c o dn l . n al . rn e o g ' u t , 0 3 8 , 0 4h r 2 0 ) ' D e e nt of e t s t d e de f nda s f r mdipu e vi nce t t Of i e Ros di not a com pan D onohue t t ha fc r e d c y o he s o r Th r f r,t c u tfn st a s mma yj d me tmus b g a td f rRo e a t te h we . ee o e he o r id h t u r u g n t e rn e o s s o h c am t the f ld t i t r e t pr ve o sop t al ge a s ul i t s l i ha aie o n e v ne o e nt r t he le d s a t n he hower M ae il . tra f c s r m a n i di put how e r as t whe he ot r de e nt c d ha i t r ene t s op a t e i n s e, ve , o t r he f nda s oul ve n e v d o t e es i f cebei us agans Donohue on J 6 a 7,201 Ac or ngl t c twil xc sve or ng ed i t une nd 3. c di y, he our l 1 2 s ande ai ns he olowi t d n su r j d me t on Donohue' byst r cl m s agai t t f l ng ofk ers: e y tuma y u g n L a r, yne,Gibe tRos M uli ,Dee , c zdy,Swi y,a Fr nkln.3 mbe t Pa l r, e, lns l M clr ne nd n i 1 5. St i c l s at on M a 11 and 20,201 r p e l t us y 3 Do hue a srs t t on t s daes Uni M a ge Swi y t ondonl a no se t ha he e t , t na r ne û c edj nd e c u a ee )h swo k r t miu e a d o erdeme tlhe lhpoiisb p a i g g n h l n o r g gd i r e s o s s n v ri n a at lce y lcn Do o ue on srp c l'f s vea hozsi a aor rsr nt wih nope s prpe t l ( ti el' or e rl lr n mbult y e tai s t ronal o ry.4 Compl 6, . ECF No.1) The c tc nnotfnd t tDonohue hasa Eiht Amendme cam agans . our a i ha ny g h nt li it Swi y f plc ng hi on srp c l sat i ambult y r tai s Thi c r ha r peaedl ne or a i m ti e l t us n a or esr nt. s ou t s e t y hel t tt extnde us of n d ha he e d e mbul or r sr i s i a srpped celwhi does notr s ti at y e ta nt n ti l ch e ul n nmi e f o c h t o s o aif he be tve sg fc n p y ia ij r i a X mii s us o f re t a d e n t s tsy t o jci iniia t h sc l n u y s c ompo t of a Ei h Am e nen n ght ndment e es i f r cl m . Hole v. J on, No. xc sve o ce ai lv ohns 708 0 2 ,2 0 W L 2 4 3 ,a *1 ( . Va Jme 3 ,2 0 (iig o h r c s s. : CV0 6 9 01 6 0 28 t 4 W D. . t 0 01 ) ctn t e a e) Dono hue a is t t he am os c r hi wi dm t ha l t ove ed s ndow on M a 11 a compl e y c r hi y nd etl ove ed s wi ndow a tooded hi c l o M a 20.He ofe sno evi nc t the s f r d a physc lor nd l s el n y fr de e ha ufe e ny ia e to lij r fo t e e srp c l icd n s ûn rs o s t guc )a mitdy d s pi moina nu y r m h s ti el n ie t. l e p n e o s h d t l inzt l e ve mic nd t atmpo ay lmiain o g n h e s a c s t h g e ep od cs b d i g e tn s o uc, e rr i tto f Do o u 'l c e s o y in r u t, e d n , aig ue sl,a d fe d m o mo e n,whc c us g ln p y ia ij r oh r ta tmpo ay tn is n r e o f v me t ih a e d o h sc l nu y te h n e r r dico f ta e s m or nd mbara s e ,smpl cn tqua iy a a us off r e t ti t e r s m nt i y nno lf s e o c ha s ç pugna t t r nt o he c ce e ofma nd' s ast consiut c te a t ua pt s nt J. The eo e t onsinc nki ' o o tt e rzl nd mus l mihme . . l J r fr , he 1 Dip tso fc ta prcu esmmayj d me to ma yap cso Do o u ' EihhAme d n 3 sue f at h t e ld u r u g n n n s e t f n h es g t n me t camsas p eld s mmayj d me to ted fn a t' se tdd fn eo q aiidi nt.Bu n c r v li lo rcu e u r u g n n h ee d ns a sre ee s f u lfe mmu iy o o oe . Ha s 6 F.d3 7 3 9( t Ci.1 9 ) ni, 5 3 4 , 5 4h r 9 5. 1 Donohue di notdes i t M a 11a 20,201 i i nt i hi compl ntis l. Hedi m a t s 4 d crbe he y nd 3 ncde s n s ai tef d ke hi ba e a s ri a ns Swi y i t co ai a atc d a fda t ofe i hi de c i i oft s i dent. r s e ton gai t ne n he mpl nt nd ta he fi vis frng s s rpton he e nci s The e o e,heco tlbealy c tuest srp c lcai aspa tofhi compl nt r f r t ur i r l onsr he ti el l ms r s ai . 1 3 c u twilg a tt ed f n a t'mo in frs mmayj d me ta d d nyDo o u ' mo in f r o r l rn h ee d n s to o u r u g n n e n h e s to o sl r u g n a t h ssrpc l camsl l mma yj d me t s o i ti el li . s 6. W arde M at na n he Donohuehasnotf e as e de eon whih hec d e t bls t tW a de M ahe ha or c t vi nc c oul sa ih ha r n t na d a pe s na i ve e i t e nt ofM a 11 M a 20,J 6,a Jme 7,201 To hol ny r o l nvol m nt n he ve s y , y une nd t 3. d t ss r s y ofk i la e f f ii t pr ve t al ge e s i f r e hi s r naes hi upe vior t al ibl or alng o e nt he le d xce sve o c s ubo di t us d on t s daes Donohue mus mee a û vy bur n of pr ' t s e he e t , t t t hea de oof o how t wa de s he r n' t ontnue i ton i t f c ofdoc e e wi pr ad abus s'ofa sm iarnatle. Shaw v. û i d naci n he a e c um ntd des e e' i l tr S r u ,1 F.d 7 , 9 ( t Ci.1 9 )(ne n lq tto mak o te ) Do o u h sma e to d 3 3 91 7 9 4h r 9 4 itr a uoain r s mitd . n h e a d no s h s wi of pas i i nt of e s i f c The e or t co t wil gr nt t uc ho ng t nc de s xce sve or e. r f e, he ur l a he d f n a t' moin f r s mmay j d me t a d n Do h ' moi n f r s mmay e e d n s to o u r u g n, nd e y no ues to s o u r j d me t a t hi camsa an tW ad nM ah na u g n , s o s li g is r e te . 1 1 Donohue sAm e d Cl m s 1. ' nde ai A . Exces ve Force and Faiure t l ervene si l o nt I lg t o if r to i t e d fnd n s s miso s o smu r j d me t a n ih f n o main n h ee a t' ub s in n t nay u g n nd dic r Donohue has a e d t a t f l ng de e nt t hi cli s of e es i s ove y, m nde o dd he olowi f nda s o s am xc sve fr e a d f i r t itr e e Mao Galh r(o a t o iig fvep itr sr it o J n 6 o c n al e o ne v n : j r lia f r u h rzn i - on e tan s n u e , u 1 Dono as c 5 hue lo ompli t whe ot ri t coveed t i wi ans hat n he nmaes r her ndowson M a 1 , 201 Swi di y 4 3, ney d notputt e i t o srp c lsaus o c r t m wih a dici i r i rc i a he di t Dono hos nmaes n ti el tt r ha ge he t ny s plna y nfa ton, s d o hue. D ifr ntte t en ofsm iary st t i aes i r as na y rlt t a l tm aepe ogi lpur e, fe e r am t i l l iuaed nm t ,f e o bl eaed o egii t nol ca pos howe r ve , d e n tvoaeteCo si to . Mo sv Clr 8 6F.d68 , 9 (t Ci.1 8 ) Do o u h sno sae fcs o s o ilt h n tuin t s . ak, 8 2 6 6 0 4h r 9 9 . n h e a t ttd at on whih hecoul pr t tSwi y ha no l tmaer as n f te tng t ot ri t difr nty t n he was c d ove ha ne d egii t e o or r ai he he nmaes fe e l ha te t r aed. Do hue' alegai t tf z expe i lw boo diappe r fom hi pr ry d i hi srp cel no s l ton ha olr nsve a ks s a ed r s ope t urng s ti l sa u alo f l t s ppor a cam of co tttonal di nson. Alegai t t prs ofkil rndoml tt s s ais o u t ny li nsiu i me i l tons ha ion t as a y deprve a i aeofhi pr t wheherit i l orasar s tofne i e,do notsae a c tt tonal i d n nm t s opery, t nentonaly e ul glgenc tt ny onsiui cam Ei a m ea ngf lpos- prvaton r e f t l si avalbl ' Huds v.Pal e .468 U . 51 533 li tf ni u tde i i em dy or he os s ia e. ' on m r S. 7, ( 9 4) Be a e Do o u p sesd tr rme is u e Vigna sae 1w b whih t se rc v r o te 1 8 . cus n h e o sse ot e de nd r rii tt a y c o ek e o ey f h mo ea y v l e o t e misn i m s s e Va Co e An j 801 1 53,h c n o prvali j 1 3 c am f rt e n tr au f h si g t , e . d n. . - 9 . e a n t e i n 98 li o h e alege pr ry l s l d ope t os . 14 201 ) K.Brn ly (h c mc r e o rtr o Jme 6 2 3 f rf in t fl a1rlv n 3; ik e te n o d r peao n t , 01 , o al g o im 1 ee a t i e e t a d frfiig t itr e e wh n oh r u e e e sv fr e;T.Ca ol (o pu c ig v n s n o al o n e v n e tes s d xc s ie o c ) n n l fr n hn Donohue durng t cele r to a i t s i he l xtaci n nd n he howe ,s tt e f Be ry,who wa s d i r ubsiut d or ve l s ue n t compl ntf t sc he ai or hi onduct;SgtD.Buron (orhel ng t a y t fve- ntr sri sa ) . t f pi o ppl he i poi e tant nd f ii t i tr e et p e e ttera pl ain t a alg d yn n ir p ieDo o u ) a d M . al o ne v n o rv n h i p i to o n le e l o d su tv n h e ; n ng c l ant hes s o he Yo n e a d J Dit (o t p cse a to ) The courtwilgr t e amendm eht t t u c n . es f r ms e i d cins. co pl nt m ai . The c tw ildi e ts r c on Ga lhar Carol,Brnkl y,a B a t a w ildi m i s our l r c e vi e li , r l i e nd ron, nd l s s al c am s a ns Def ndan Beve l Be aus Donohue ha not sat a cli s agans l li gai t e t ry. c e s t ed ny am i t Younc a Dit ,howe r t co twils e nd es ve , he ur l umm mi y dim ist n e d c l s s he m nde ompli ast t e ant o hes d fn a t wih u p eudc t e 2 U. C. 1 5 b ( )1 e e d n s t o t rj ie md r 8 S. j 91 A( )1.6 B . D ue Proc s and R e alaton es t i i I hi s c moton t a e Donohue addsne cai c n s e ond i o m nd, w l ms ompli ng a ani boutnlm e ous l r dicplna y pr e ngswhe e he al ge y di no r c ve due pr s . I d,he co pl ns s i i r oce di r le dl d t e ei oce s ndee m ai t tVDOC polci t m s l svi a eduepr es prnc pl .He a s as e t t tofii l ha ha i es he e ve olt oc s i i es lo s rs ha fc as ve c c e a pe lz hi on numer us cha ge , c nge hi good tme ea ni r t onvit d nd na ied m o r s ha d s i r ng ae, ta f re hi t Red Oni a lmie hi prvieg ,al t ha a shi be a e ofhi c i i l r ns e r d m o on, nd i t d s i l es l o r s m c us s rm na c r (eltdt c l por a a be us heflsgre nc . dee nt,hena hages r ae o hid nogrphy) nd ca e ie iva es As fnda s mes doze ofa tona VDOC ofk i l whoha a l dl wa t sc m pa g ofha as mt a ns ddii l t as ve lege y ged hi a i n r s nt nd r t la i ag ns hi s nc D e m be 2009. e a i ton ai t m i e ce r To sae a ca e of a ton unde j 1 3,a pli ifmus esa ih t the has be n tt us ci r 98 antf t tbls ha e de i d of rght guar nt d by t Consiuton or l ws oft Unie St t s a t t t s prve i s a ee he tt i a he td a e nd ha hi 1 An imaesc mplitmus b s mmaiyds se un e 9 1 1 A( )1 i i fist alg ç n u h 6 n t' o an t e u rl imisd d r 9 5 b( ) f t al o l e d o g e e fcst saeacam t rle ta i pa sbeo i fc . Giraa ov J h s n 5 F.d2 ,3 2( t Ci. 0 8 at o tt li o eif h t s lu il n t a e' artn . o n o , 21 3 98 0 4h r 2 0 ) s ' (u tn BelAt. r . Two y, 5 U. 5 4 5 0(0 7 q o ig l lCo n v. mbl 5 0 S. 4 , 7 2 0 :. 15 de i ton r s t fom co uc c mitd by ape s a tng t rc orofsae l prva i e uled r nd t om te ron c i mde ol tt aw. W es t v. kis 48 U. 4 ( 9 8 . Th c ur i rq rd t ds s a y a to o cam fld b a At n , 7 S. 2 1 8 ) e o t s e uie o imis n ci n r li ie y prs rpr e ngj f mapa rsi i deemi st a tonorcai i fi ous maii , ione oc edi . or q upei f t tr ne he ci l m s rvol , lcous o fist saeacli on whih r i ma begrnt 28 U. C.j 1 5A( (1. To s ea r al o tt am c elef y a ed. S. 91 b) ) Gt cam i a y fd r lcvla to ,te panifsç a t a alg to smus b e o g t r iea li n n e e a i i cin h litf l cu l le ain m t e n u h o as rghtt r le a i o ei f bove t s cultve l ve , t one t ti û a i e on is f c ' r t r t n he pe a i e l' o ' ha s û usbl pl t a e, ahe ha ' meey ç o c i be' BelAt.Co p v. mbv, 5 U. 5 4 5 0 ( 0 7 . A l rv lus' rl ç n eva l. l l r . Two l 5 0 S. 4 , 7 2 0 ) ç ioo ' c ' f cai i one t tt a ks e n a a gu bl bass i l w' or i f ct' be us i i G e on a lm s ha l c ve n r a e i n a ' n a , ca e t s û d l ' bas n i s a y m e ils lgal t or 'or ba e on û a t l c t ntons a e c e ry ba e e s' ndiput bl rte s e he y' sd ç cua on e i f r la l s ls . ' Netk v W iln , 9 U. 31 3 , 2 ( 9 9 (n e eigdrv lus'nfr rv rin o i e . lims 4 0 S. 9, 25 3 7 1 8 ) itmrtn û i oo 'i o me e so f z f 28U. C.j1 5( ) S. 91 d). 1. Due Proces Is s sues Dono r t hi due pr es cai on a s res of dici i r a tons tke a i t hue ess s oc s l ms ei s plna y c i a n gans hi . On Dec mbe 29,2009,ofi il a Notoway Co r c i lCe e br m e r fca s t t r e tona nt r oughta dic plna y si i r c r a ns Donohue f wrtng l te s t a he N o twa i t a maki pl ns t ha ge gai t or ii e tr o not r to y nma e nd ng a o e c pe Att di c plna y hea i D onohue adm it d t w rtng t l te s butc a m e t tt sa . he s i i r r ng, te o ii he e t r , l i d ha he txtofan e ri lte woul pr t the a l ae X di no m a plnst es pe. The e a ler e tr d ove ha nd nm t d t ke a o ca h a igwh o fc rrj ce t i a gl n wih u frto ti ig te e rirlte a Do o u e rn o fie ee td h s r l t t o t is b ann h a le etr s n h e me r quese ne rhe e s f e td; ve t l s , ound Donohue g ly oft c r ba ed on t r pori ofk e ' uit he ha ge s he e tng f rs t tmony a t s z l te s and i esi nd he eied e tr ; mpos d ape ly of30 da i iolton. The c r wa e nat ys n s a i ha ge s r a d i Fe ta y 201 due t a r c di pr e a t frthe rng,butt outom e wa ehe r n brz r 0, o e or ng oblm t he is a i he c s t s m e a w asuphe d on a a . he a nd l ppe l 16 Donohue was s e nty ta f red t Re Oni whe e he s r e t ee ye r ubs que l r ns e r o d on, r e v d hr as wihouta f t r dicplna y c r s The i Aprl201 an ofi e c r d Donohue f t ny urhe s i i r ha ge . n, n i 2, fc r ha ge or a lgedl m a t ba i i t pr e ofa he pe s Donohue wa e t c l adocorasa le y sur tng n he es nce not r ron. nt d o a l t wine sa t hea i pur t l t t tf t tDonohue' pr t t medi to pr ve e hi t s t he rng, pored y o esiy ha s osa e cai n e nt d m fo ha ng a e e ton orm oducng s me The he ng ofk e de ed t swines r ques, r m vi n r c i i e n. mi t r ni hi t s e t fndi t te n smultng t c r d a t i fontoft r tng ofi e s i ng ha ve i a i he ha ge c s n r he epori fc r uppored a g ly t uit fndi l ng. On M a l1 201 t pr es b ng deni r r aton ard a s y , 3, o ot t ei ed ec e i l howe ,Do r nohue i t td t t are o s d t he l t r .; tr he e ve t , c r'hi wi w a had wor sw ih t toorofu e s' Afe t s e n s he wa c r d ove ' s ndo nd s ha ge wih tle dicplna y i r tons diobe ng a diec o der t mpe i wih a s c iy devie t lr e s i i r nfaci : s yi r t r , n rng t em t c (h wid w) a d tr ae ig b dl hn m.F Th h mi o t rfu hi gul o a1tr e te n o , n h e tnn o iy r ' e e ng f ke o nd m i y f l h e t c r s a i pos d a f ne o a t m por r l s ofprvieg ast pe ly f ea h. D onohue' ha ge nd m e i r e a y os i l es he na t or c s a ppea sw e e uns e s ul l r ucc s f . The on Ma 20,201 and s vealtmesbef e t tda Ofke Quiln pr de n, y 3, e r i or ha y, t r le ovi d Donohuewih a e y m e ta Notknowi wha e s t do t ge f d,Donohue soppe up t n mpt al r y. ng t le o o te t d hi t lt whi h foode M sc la t s r s oie , c l d el nd he uroundi pod a e Ofi r r move hi fom hi ng r a. fce s e d m r s c l dr d hi pr t t ough t wa e on hi c l foor a br el, agge s opery hr he t r s e l l , nd oughta dicplna y c r s i i r ha ge a i thi f i en i na toodi The co c i a t pe ly ofr tit d prvie on gans m or nt to l l ng. nviton nd he nat esrc e i lges t tc r we euphel des t Do hue' c ha ha ge r d, pie no s ompl i sofnotbeng f ant i ed. 1 Thedici i r c r i cae t tDonohueha c r hi wi 7 s plna y hage ndi ts ha d ove ed s ndowsa f l t c y wih nd aied o ompl t s ve alo de st u e r r r o ncove i andco pl wih r tantr r m e ss t ofk esc d s r hhi pr t f rt m y t esr i equie nt o he t r oul ea c s opery or c r ba onta nd. 1 Thedici i r c gesaedt tDono t e t dt co bac aAe hi u 8 s plna y har tt ha hue hr aene o me k r s pcomi r e et kil ng elas o l ofk e s Donohues yst sc r i f s be us hi s he e r las i s ve al a sa y. t r. a hi ha ge s ale, ca e s c duld ee e s e r ye r wa 17 Do hue co pl ns t t a t dici i r hea i on hi c r e f cove i hi no m ai ha t he s plna y rng s ha g or rng s wi ndow on Jme 6,201 he t d t he rng ofk e t tI t Smih,who alo cove e hi t 3, ol he a i t r ha nma e t s rd s wi ndow t tday,di notr c i any dic plnar c r s The hea i ofi rconvit d a ha d e e ve s i i y ha ge . rng fce c e nd pe i d D o hue a nalze no nywa y. On Ocobe 27,201 Ofi e Gi on or r Donohuet puthi s si t de i t d t r 3, fc r bs de ed o s hoe n he sgna e box t be s a che be or r r a i Donohue a ke Gi on i he wasgoi t cla t box, o e r d f e ec e ton. s d bs f ng o e n he Gi o s d no,Donohues i he wa notgoi out a di notputhi s bs n ai ad s ng , nd d s hoesi t box.Gi on n he bs t c r Donohuef rf ii t obe an o de . hen ha ged o alng o y r r On J nua y 9,201 Donohue t d Ofi e Owe t tt hot bt wasm isng fom a r 4, ol fc r n ha he dog m si r hi l h t a a Ow e s i he w oul br ng one. W he Ow ens l t ror r d D onohue t ha s unc r y, nd n ad d i n a e de e o nd outhi ta Dono s r y, hue r f e s yi t the wa sile tng. Owens c r Donohue f e us d, a ng ha s tl a i ha ged or diobe ng a or r nd t hea i ofk e f md hi guit a i pos d a tne, de pie s yi n de ,a he rng t r ot m ly nd m e i s t Donohue' e a ton t theha delye eai whiewatng f hi hot bun. s xplnai ha d a d tng l ii or s dog Ba e on t s eve s Do sd he e nt, nohue a s rs t t t ma ne y na e de e nt have s e t ha he ny wl m d f nda s c mitd pr e tala s t tve due pr s vi ai . He i a r nty a g ng t om te oc dtr nd ubsan i oce s oltons s ppa e l r ui hat ofi i l ha te t d hi a bir rl a de ed hi r quie pr dur lpr e tonsdtrng e c fc as ve r a e m r ta iy nd ni m e r d oce a ot ci zi a h oft s c fe dicplna y pr e ngs i ta f ri hi fom Notowa t Re Oni a he pe ii d s i i r oce di , n r ns e rng m r t y o d on, nd i deer ni hi cas ii a i a n t mi ng s l sfc ton mong s gr ga i i t s a Re Oni e e ton nma e t d on.Forva i r a ons rous e s , al f h s camsmu tb sl rl dimis du d rj1 5 b)1. l o t e e li s el mmaiy s se n e 91 A( ( ) a. Ti e bar d c ai s m - re l m Donohue' chal nges t dicplna y pr e di t t oc ur e i 2009- 0 a hi s le o s i i r oc e ngs ha c r d n 201 nd s s e ntt a f r t Re O ni a e tm e- r e unde t a i a e s a ut of lm ia i . A ubs que r ns e o d on r i ba r d r he pplc bl t t e i t tons j 1 cai rgar ngeve si Vigi amus bebrug wihi t ye r fo t tmewhe 983 l m e di nt n r ni t o ht t n wo a s r m he i n 18 t eij r i kn wn, rtea to i b re b Va Co eAn .j8012 () Vign assaueo h nu y s o o h cin s a rd y . d n . - 43a , r ii ' tt t f l tto frg n r lp ro a ijzy cams S eNa i v. ad m M d. us o Co r cin, i ains o e ea, e s n l nl li . e sm W r e mi r Ho e f re to 6 F.d 9 ,9 5 (t Ci.1 9 )(n b n ) Owe sv.Ok r s4# U. 2 5 2 9 4 ( 9 9 . 4 3 51 5 4 h r 9 5 e a c ; n u e # S. 3 , 3 - 0 1 8 ) Do hue Gl t sl ws i,att e ri s,o Augus 1 201 m o e t f yea s a trt no ed hi a u t he a le t n t 8, 3, r han our r fe he c l d dici i r c ci ns and t 201 ta f r The e or a c am s c em i halenge s plna y onvito he 0 r ns e . r f e, ny l i onc ng 1 9 t e ee nsaetmeb re t e j8012 3 a a dwilb s mmai ds se a fio o . h s ve t r i ard md r . - 4 ( ) n l e u rl imisd s rv lus y 1 (phol ngs d. u di umma iy dimis loftme- re j 1 cam asfi ousunde pro ve son rl s sa i bard 983 li rvol r ir ri ofj 1 5) 91 . b. Due proces st s andards Donohue' va s gue d pr s c le s t VDOC d s plna y and cls iiato ue oce s ha lnge o ici i r a sfc i n pr e es i ge r a a a i d t hi , us a s be s ma iy dim is d asfi ous An oc dur , n ne al nd s pple o m m t lo um rl s s e rvol . i t s f de aly pr eced lbe t Knt r t a e lmie t t fe dom fom r tantwhi h, nma e' e r l ot t i ry ç e ess r i t d o he r e i r esr i c whie note ee ng t s nt nc i s h a une c e mn l xc di he e e e n uc n xpe t d nnera t gi rs t pr t c i by s o ve ie o o e ton t D ue Pr s Cl us ofis own f r e 2 nonet el s i pos s a ypi a a s gnii a ha ds p he oce s a e t oc, 0 h es m e t c l nd i f c nt r hi on t i a e i r a i t t or na y i de s ofprs lf .' Sa n v.Conne ,51 U. he nm t n elton o he di r nci nt ion ie' ndi r 5 S. 4 2 48 ( 9 5 .I t es u c a et ta imaec aln e ddn ti o eay ia h r s i 7 , 4 1 9 ) f h tts h ng ha n n t h l g s i o mp s t p c l ad hp e on hi ,t n he hasno f r ly pr t td lbe t i e e t a he i note il t f r ld m he ede al o ece i ry nt r s, nd s ntted o ede a ue pr es pr ec i be or prs ofi i l m a i plm e t c nge ort dicplna ype ly. oc s ot tons f e ion fc a s y m e nt he ha he s i i r nat 1 I a e nt asD o uekno sfom t c tspr vi dim is l ofhi cam s c er ng t e 9 n ny ve , noh w r he our' e ous s s as s li onc ni hes e e t, i c re tcamsaefioo s S eDo o u v. v, .71 CV0 2 , 011W L 2 41 9 ( . Va, v n s hs urn li r rv lu . e n h e Ra No :1 0 27 2 4 2 4 W D. . J n 1 ,2 1 ( s se u d r j1 5 b( )a fioo s;Do o u v.Dig ,No 7 l CV0 09 ,2 l WL u e 3 01 ) dimis d n e 91A()l s rv lu l n h e g s . : 1 0 0 01 7 5 8 ( . Va, rh01201)ta l 9 8 9 W D. .Mac , 1 sme. 2 Donohuesae nof c sonwhi t cou tc dtnd unde Sa nt tt defndant'a tonsvi aed 0 t ts a t ch he r oul i r ndi ha he e s ci olt hi s tntve duepr s rght,ashe alges Onl <l onduc ca vi ae s on i due pr s i i s s ubsa i oce s i s le . y zcl t n olt ubs tve oces f t hocks t c ce ,whi enc he ons ince ch ompasesonl t mos eg e ousofki c s y he t r gi t al onduc . Ne n v.Be r 61 F. 7 t' wma ' a d, 7 3d 75, 7 2( dCi. 01 ) No eo teicd nso whc Do o u c mpan a p o c e a so kt tec n ce c ,i 8 3 r 2 0. n f h n ie t f ih n h e o lis p r a h s h c o h o sin e n lghtofhi a te rpe t vi ainsofprs n rue a pr ed e Li wie,none oft pe tesi ed i s dmitd, e aed olto io ls nd oc m s. ke s he nali mpos i o bl i r as D o hue' tr ofconfne e . nevi y nc e ed no s em i m nt 1 9 I a 486d. t 87. Co t ha f t t tVigni s cls ii to s he e g ni prs r ' urs ve o md ha r i a' a stcai n c m over ng ione s cusody a s ctrt cas ii a i doe notc e t albe t i e e ti a di c nge i t e t nd e liy l sfc tons s r a e i ry ntr s n voi ng ha s n hes ca st to s b c us t y ae s be t t c a g , b s d o imae b ha ir a p io lsi in , e a e he r u jc o h n e a e n n t e vo nd rs n ka o t as dicein Ol e v.Po l,2 0 F.Su p 2 5 3 6 5 ( D.Va 2 0 ) Ga rt v. f l' s rto . i r ki v wel 5 p . d 9 , 0 E. . 0 2 ; ret At one 940F.Supp. 933,9 ( . Va.1996 . mel , 2d 43 W D. ) Eve whe e a i t ha a f der ly pr ec e it r t a sa i a dicplna y n r n nma e s e al ot t d n e es t t ke n si i r p o e dn ,h r q ie pr c d r l rt cinsd n t q aewihtos rg t h e j y ddzi r c e ig te e urd o e u a p oe to o o e u t t h e i h s e n o e l ng r t e c i n lpr c e n s Prs n o fcas mu t p o ie ( ) a v n e wrte n tc o te h rmia o e dig . io fiil s r v d 1 d a c itn o ie f h dicplnay c r ( awrte r or oft heai ofiersfndi a t e de r i s i i r hage; 2) itn ec d he rng fc ' i ngs nd he vi nce eled o i c ci hi ( a lmie o rt t t û al wineses a pr e doc ntr n n onvitng m; 3) i td ppo tmiy o i l t s nd es nt ume a y c e ie ei hsd fns ' a d ( )afi a d i a t ltit l W o f v M c nn l,41 U. vd nc n i ee e' n 4 ar n mp ri rbma. lf . Do el 8 S. ; a 5 9 5 3 6 ( 9 4 .A he rngo fc rsd cso t a lgt t p noo ia itr ss u tf t e 3 , 6 -7 1 7 ) ai fie ' e iin h t e ii e e lgc l n ee t j siy h ma d na o a i iiu limae swin s r q s (s n tt b lg t s c n - u se b c u t e il f n ndvd a n t' t e s e uet i) o o e ihl e o d g e s d y o rs y f rr m ove fo t de a e d ' m he mandsofprs a nita i ' Br r ion dmi sr ton.' own v.Br xt n,373 F.d 501 5 a o 3 , 05 ( h Ci.200 .A c cin on adicplnay c r wilwihsa a e de ir s t e 4t r 4) onvito s i i r hage l t tnd n vi nta y ufkincy c le ha lnge i t he zng ofi e ' fndi ar s f he a i fc rs i ngs e uppore by ts e e de e i t r c d. td tom vi nc n he e or ' ' Supe i e tv.Hil 472 U. 445,454 ( 985) Fi ly,asae' fitr t a de by isown rntnden l, S. 1 . nal tt s alze o bi t pr dur lr gul tonsi nota f de aldue pr es is ,Ri i v.Counw ofFara Va. 907 oce a e ai s e r oc s s ue cco if xs , F. 1 9,1 ( h Ci.990) a i,heeor no a tona eunde j1983. 2d 45 469 4t r1 , nd s t rf e, t ci bl r c VD O C pr dure . oce s Donohue' alega i a s iso i c t quie c r r t hi concus y due s l tons nd ubm s i ns ndia e, t onta y o s l or pr e s c le oc s ha lnges t tt VDOC ha c afe a i , ha he s r td nd mpos de al d pr edtr l rzes i t ed t ie oc la tl n he c ext of pr s r c as ii a i a dici i ont i one l s tc ton nd s plne. He f l t i ntf a r s ct i w hi h t ais o de iy ny e pe n c he 20 VDOC' dicplna y pr dtr st m s l f i t c S s i i r oce le he eves al o ompl wih t duepr s r quie nt i y t he oce s e r me s n W olfa Hiland f l t poi t a due pr es s t m i i t pr dur lsepsVDOC f nd l ais o nt o ny oc s horco ng n he oce a t ofk i s m us make bef r r cl sf ng an i ae f r r as of s c iy,housng,o good t al t o e e as iyi nm t o e ons e urt i r c onduc tm e. The e or hi hal nge t VDOC pr e es wil be sl ma iy dimis d t i r f e, sc le s o oc dur l lm rl s s e unde Sa n a W olf r ndi nd f. d. C onfne e and c as ii aton s a us i m nt l sfc i t t Si iary,Donohue doe no i ntf a ba i f fndi t thi cure s gr ga i m l l s t de iy ny ss or i ng ha s r nt e e ton sa us a Re Oni eihe exc eds t e tt t d on t r e he xpeced r srci of hi prs s e is l or t e ti tons s ion entnce te f i pos s a t us l ha ds p on hi whe com pa ed wih o he c t gores of c i m e m e ny m ua r hi m n r t t r ae i onfne nt wihi t VDOC. He does not a tmpt t e an a r s c i whi h t ne gr dua e t n he te o xpl i ny e pe t n c he w a t d prvie s he a Re Oni n i plcaes a pr e t d lbe t i e e torpos s a a y c i lges c me t d o m i t ny ot c e i ry nt r s e ny t pial ha ds p on hi ,a t cour tnds none. A c di y,D onohue' due pr es c l nge t r hi m nd he ti cor ngl s oc s hale s o hi cure prs cls ii to a s r gai sat wil be s s r nt ion a sfcai n nd eg e ton t us l umm a iy dimi s d unde rl s s e r Sa n. 51 U . a 48 ndi 5 S. t 4. e. D i c plnar pr e ngs s i i y oce di The i vi l dic plna y pr e ngs Donohue c l s a s f i t pr e a ndi dua s i i r oce di halenge lo a l o es nt ny a tona eduepr es cam t rj1 3.Hi s si i c t t tnoneoft c lnge ci bl oc s li mde 98 s ubmisons ndiae ha he hale d dicplna y pr e ngs i vi l orcoleci l r s t i a pe t t ti s i i r oc edi , ndi dualy l tvey, e uled n naly ha mpos d aypi a e t cl ha ds p on hi asco e aed t rSa n. 1 The ef r ,healege no f c si c tng t t r hi m nt mplt mde ndi d. r o e l s a t ndi a i ha he wa e ild t f de a due pr e s pr eci ns unde W olf be or beng c c e of or s ntte o e r l oc s ot to r f f e i onvit d pe lz f t dici i r i r c i .The de e na ied or he s plna y nfa tons f ndna s alege s tom i r a e t sae t ' l d horc ngs elt d o t t pr e alnzesdo notgi rs t a cli ofconsiutonalpr tons Ri co,907 F. a oc dur l ve ie o ny am tt i opori . c i 2d t 1 469. 21 Eve a s ng t tone or mor oft c le n s umi hà e he ha lnged dici i r c r i ve s e s plna y ha ges nvol d om f de al pr t c e it r s t tti r d t pr t c i outi d i W olfa Hil t r or e r ly o e t d n e e t ha rgge e he o e tons lne n f nd l, he ec d doesno r l c a Oc son whe Do t ete t ny ca i n nohue di notr c vet epr t c i . Hi s d e ei hos o e tons s ubmi sons si i c t t t i ea h c e,her c ve no i e oft c r bef r t fnalhea i hea t d ndi a e ha , n c as e ei d tc he ha ge o e he i rng; tende Orc d have a tnde t he rng t pr s nthi ca e a he r c i d de a ld wrte r as ns oul te d he a i o e e s s ; nd e e ve t ie itn e o f t co c i a f isbeng uphel on a a . He hasnotsa e f c s s or he nviton nd or t i d ppe l t t d a t howi t ta ng ha ny he rng ofk e wa bi ed agans hi . I e c c e,t ofk e ha l ca a i ri ai t r s as i t m n a h as he t r d ogi l nd mpa tal ra o fr d n n a win s o rj cig Do o u ' p o frd d c me tr e ie e o e s ns o e yig te s r ee tn n h e s r fee o u n ay vd nc r de e es f ns . M or ove ,i ea h c e,ç ome e denc i t r c d' s e r n c as t s vi e n he e or ' uppo td a fndi t tDonohue re i ng ha ha c d omm itd t i r ton f rwhih he wa co c e - t qua m ofe denc r quie i te he nfac i o c s nvit d he nbl vi e e r d n s hp o e d n su d rHi .47 U. a 4 4( mp a i a d d .l t ehe rngo t rtn t e uc r c e i g n e l 2 S. t 5 e h ss d e ) f h ai fke i ds h l r pori ofi rst tmony c e bl ,t tr por i s tc e e de on whi t r tafndi e tng tce ' esi r di e ha e t s ufi i nt vi nce ch o es i ng o g ly Do o u ' p r o td j tfc to s f rc mmit g a ifa to d n trn e hm f ui . n h es u p re usi ain o o ti n n rcin o o e d r i t i n i en oft c nnoc t he hrge ore us hi vi a i i a wa Specfc ly,a xc e s olton n ny y. ii a l ngerove notge tng r ti f d,no r cevi r r to ora s we ,s e ng o he i aesno r eve a d s i i r c r e t e i ng ec eai n ho r e i t r nm t t ec i i cplna y ha ge f t s or he nme c onduc ,no wa i t ge hi s sdit a notwantng t e ta hotdog wiho t t ntng o t s hoe ry, nd i o a t ut a bun ar not vibl def ns s t c r s f diobe ng a or r f toodi a ce l or f e a e e e o ha ge or s yi n de , or l ng l, or c rng hi wi ove i s ndow. I t i ae c f he nm t omm ist o fns r ga dl s ofhi s fs r i r a on f t he fe e, e r e s s el- e vng e s or doi s he hasno cai t tofi a s a ta bir rl whe t y c r ,c c ,and pe i ng o, l m ha tcil c r ta iy n he ha ge onvit nalze hi f rt tofe e The c twils mmiy dim isasfi ousal ofDonohue' dici i r m o ha f ns . our l um l s s rvol l s s plna y c r d pr es cams j 1 5 b)1. hage ue oc s li . 91 A( ( ) 2. R e alat on t i i Donohue' tc mpa g 'ofha a s t cai mus alo be dimis d a fi ous Hi s ta i n' r s men l m t s s s e s rvol . s ba d as e tons t te r a r e ofi a aci n t ke a i thi snc 2009 wasr t i or l s ri ha ve y dve s fcil to a n ga ns m i e ealat y l c a a gua e bass i f ct Su c l o al ga i a e not s fce t sa e a a ks ny r bl i n a . ch onc us or le tons r ufi int o t t n a to bl rtlaincam a an ta y n . S eAd msv. c , 0 F.d 7 , 4 ( t Ci.1 9 ) cina e eaito li g is n o e e a Rie 4 3 2 7 4h r 9 4 (equii mor t n G ke algai ofrprs l'f prma fci rtlai cai unde r rng e ha t d le tons e ia' or i a e eaiton l m na r j 1 . Reaiton cli by prs r a i t prs ofii s û t.be r r d wih 983) tlai ams ione s gans ion fcal l .. egade t mus s ptc s ,l s f de a c t embr lt m s l i eve y dici i r ac t toc s i sae ke iim e t e r l ours oi he eves n r s plna y t ha cur n t t pe i tt i . l Thus ar t i i cai r r sf ct s wi t tt i ae' exe cie nal nsiutons' d. ' , ealaton l m equie a s ho ng ha he nm t s r s of a c tt i ly pr ece rght wa a t ubsanta' or ç otva i ' f c or be nd t onsiutonal ot td i s i t i l' s i i tng' a t m hi he alg d y rtlao y a to . W a n rv.W h ee ,1 F.d 8 9 - (t Ci.1 9 )(iig Mt le e l eaitr ci n ge e lr 3 3 6, 091 4 h r 9 3 ctn . He lh Ci Sc o lDititBo r o Ed ain v Do l, 2 U. 27 28 ( 9 7 (e urn at y t h o src ad f uc to . ve 4 9 S. 4, 7 1 7 ) rq ii g y pl ntf t s ai if o how ç c us r a i hi be we n t pr t c e e es i a t r t it y 1 a al eltons p t e he o e t d xpr son nd he ealaor a a to ' cin' ) Donohue m a no s s kes uch howi ng. Fis,be a e he ha no consiutonalrg t a r t c us s tt i i ht o gr e nc pr e e i pr s A dn s 40 F. d a 75,hi r t la i c ai s bas d on hi us of i va e oc dur n i on, m , 3 t s e a i ton l m e s e t gre epr dur ar fi ous Se Davev. nsen,41 F. x31 31 ( hCi. he ivanc oce es e rvol . e Rube ti 7 App' 7, 9 4t r 2 1 . M o e v r Do o u fist sae f cs c n e tn a o t e c aln e dicp iay 01 ) ro e , n h e al o tt a t o n cig ny f h h le g d s iln r pr ee ngsi t a e d cai st hi us oft gre nc pr edur s ort na ur ofhi oc di n he m nde l m o s e he iva e oc e he t e s c i i lc r . I ed,i a mos eve y c e, sown a l ato i c t t thec mit t rm na ha ge nde n l t r as hi leg i ns ndia e ha om ted he i r c i f w hi h he w a co c e a eve w he e he de e c m itng t i r ton,t t nf a ton or c s nvi t d, nd n r ni s om ti he nf ac i ha he r e ve a lt pr edlr lpr e ton t w hi h he w ase il d. H e s m pl hasno s a e f t ec i d l he oc za ot c i o c ntte i y t t t d ac s s esi t tt natr ofhi c i i l c r orhi us oft greva e pr e e wa a ugg tng ha he tle s rm na ha ge s e he i nc oc dur s 23 r 3 3d t 91. s t nta,motva i f t i t ofi i de ii nshe c lng . W agne , 1 F. a 90ubsa i l i tng acor n he fcal c so hale es Bec us hi a lga i t sa eno a tona er t iton cl m sagans a a e s le tons hus tt c i bl e ala i ai i t nyone,hi tc mpa g s tn i n of ha a s e ' cli m us be s r s m nt' am t umm a iy dimis d a t a l def nda s pur ua t rl s s e s o l e nt , s nt o j1 5A( ( )a fi ous 91 b)1 s rvol . IV . Di covery M at ers s t Donohue ha a s re i nume ousmotons a s s s e td n r i nd ubmisons t the hasbe n una e t s i ha e bl o pr e e hi cli s be us t c tha r f s d t r quiet def nda st pr dehi wih os cut s am , ca e he our s e u e o e r he e nt o ovi m t alof t dic r ma e i l he r se Som e of hi diput s ove dicove y,s h ashi l he s ove y t ra s eque td. s s e r s r uc s c pl i of s i ton ofe de e r a e t e s on M ay 11 a 20,2013,a e now m oo ,i om a nt pola i vi nc el t d o vent nd r t n lg oft cour' c uson t tunde l ng c am smus bedimi s d. Donohue ha a s mor i ht he ts oncl i ha ryi l i t s se s lo e f l e aned how s m e oft diput d vi o f a her se i r e uly xpl i o he s e de oot ge eque t d s elvantt hi e s i o s xce sve f r e a bys a r c ai s a t c tw ila l hi a ce s t t a ia e f age Ot o c nd t nde l m , nd he our l low m c s o he va l bl oot . her d ma sh h sma erman o j ci n be h we e,s h a h so el b o da d b r e o e nd e a d e i be to a l, o v r uc s i v ry r a n u d ns me r que t f pr e s s or oduc i ofhi e ie m e ca r cor a hi e ie pr s n r c d. ton s ntr di l e d nd s ntr i o e or I t i e e tofefi i nc t co twilde a 1pe ng motonsr r ng dic r n he ntr s tc e y, he ur l ny l ndi i ega di s ove y diput ,butwildie tt de e s es l r c he f ndant t ma a ia e t Do s o ke va lbl o nohue c ran vi o f a a e ti de ootge nd c ran me c r or . The c twila s alow Donohue t s r e a to l c os y f us d e ti di al ec ds our l lo l o e v ddii na, l el oc e r que t f pr ton ofdocl nt orvi f a ,r l t onl t t e e sve f ce a e ss or oduc i lme s deo oot ge e aed y o he xc s i or nd bysnnde cli st tr mai a is t r am ha e n t s ue. V . Concl on usi F rt er ao sae ,hec u twilg a tt d fn a t'sl r j d me tmoi ni o h e s ns ttd t o r l rn he ee d n s l mmay u g n to n pa t a de i i pa t as t ce t n cl i s t t t de e r , nd ny t n r , o rai a m ha he f ndan of i i l us d e es i f c t fc a s e xc sve or e a orf ie t i er ne t pr ve t us ofe es i f r e.The co twilde Do hue s nd/ al d o nt ve o e nt he e xc sve o c ur l ny no ' 24 moinsfrs mmayj g n , u wilga th smoinst n n , lh u hh sr tlain a d to o u r ud me t b t l rn i to o me d at o g i eaito n d epr c s camswilb s mma i ds se t e 2 U. C.j1 5 b ( )a fi oo s u o e s li l e u rl imis d md r 8 S. y 91 A( )1 s rv lu . Fi l t co t wil de c r nt dic r m otons but wil a lw lm ied a tona naly, he ur l ny ure s ove y i , l lo i t ddii l dic r i pr pa a i f til An a oprae or rwilis t sda s ove y n e r ton or ra . ppr i t de l s ue hi y. The Cl r i die t d t s c es of t s me o a ek s r c e o end opi hi m r ndum opi on a ac ompa ng ni nd c nyi o de t pl ntf a t c r r o ai i f nd o ouns lf t de e nt . e or he f nda s ENTER:Ths .5 d yo Se tmb r2 4. i 2 a f pe e, 01 Chi fUnie Stt Diti tJ e td a es src udge 25
]]>
Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You
should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google
Privacy Policy and
Terms of Service apply.
