Martin v. Trent et al, No. 7:2013cv00362 - Document 14 (W.D. Va. 2013)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge James C. Turk on 10/08/2013. (kab)

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ct s OFFI eCE U,s. sT TROANOKED9 . coua' r A FE VA ID L , I THE UNI N TED STATES DISTRI COURT CT FOR TH E W ESTERN DI STRI OF W R GI A CT NI RO ANOKE DI SI N VI O JO H N PH I P M A R TI , LLI N N0? 23 2 1 23 B;. )L U% CA SE N O .7: 3C V 00362 1 ,uu cs ..J . '/ Pl ntf , ai i f V. M EM O M ND U M O PI I N N O TI TRENT, K , M c By:J me C. k a s Tur Se or Uni e St esD i t i tJudg ni t d at src e Defnda t) e nts. J Plilp M a tn,a Vigi a i t pr ee ng pr K ,fld t s c vi rgh s aci ohn zli ri r ni nma e oc di o ie hi i l i t ton, pt s a t t 4 U. C.j 1 8 ,algng t tlw e f re n o f as d p i e hm o te l u n o 2 S. r 9 3 le i ha a n o c me t fkil e rv d i f h o pporl t t brng crm i lc r a ns a i t whoas a t d hi andhous dhi t r tmiy o i i na ha ges gai t n nma e s ule m e m mde t onsiuto lc tons Upo r viw oft r c d,t c tfnds t tt a ton mus be mc tt i na ondii . n e e he e or he our i ha he c i t s nr rl dir i s d. ur na iy s n s e I M a tn a l es t f l ng e nt on whih he bas s hi cl m s W lie M a tn wa ri leg he olowi ve s c e s ai . zl ri s i r e a e a t Haia Adul De e i n Ce e oft Bl Ri Regi lJ i Aut iy, nca c r t d t he lf x t t nto nt r he ue dge ona al hort a ohe imae Da ilS r a s utd hm,c u ig a ij r t tr q ie sic e . M a t n t r n t , ne ho q s a le i a sn n nu y ha e urd tth s ri n a lgest ta trhe as d t pr sc r s a i tSho t ofk i l ta f r e hi t dif r nta le ha fe ke o es ha ge gans r, t as r nse r d m o fe e j i fcl y. He a d h s fmiy h ve ake te Haia Co ny S eifs De a t n t al a it i n i n l a s d h lfx u t h rf p rme t o i tgae t ma tr butofke sfo t sf ciiy ha r f s d t do s d orf a ofc lc of nvesi t he te , f r r m hi a lt ve e u e o o G e r onti t f itrs wihc re tc ag salg da an t' a t .( mp . ) J io fcasas n tfe t n ee t t u rn h r e l e g is'M ri Co l4.. al fiil lo oiid he e n magita e who ad s d M ari t t sae polc woul ha t i tga e W he M a tn sr t , vie tn hat he t t ie d ve o nvesi t . n ri Gld a c i na wa r nt t magita e f und t tt cr um sa s M a tn de c i di not e rmi l r a , he sr t o ha he ic t nce ri s rbed d s uppor afndi ofpr bl c us t s ppo tac i na c r ( No.1 a 8. t i ng oba e a e o u r rmi l hage. ECF 3, t ) 1 I a ton t hi c n ddii o s ompli t a a n boutnothavi hi c i na c ge i tga e M ari ng s rmi l har nvesi t d, tn aleg t f l i unr l t t l i s ' l es he olow ng e a ed f a m ': 1 The BRRJ has dic i i t d agans M a tn, a pr ti l de anee by A s rm na e i t ri era t i , co i nghi i am a m um s c hy saussnceOcobe 24,2011 nfni m n xi e ur t t i t r ; 2. Bec us of hi s c liy s a us M a tn ha bee r ti t t hi c l 23 a e s e trt t t , ri s n esr c ed o s el hotr pe da wih onl r r opport tes t t lphone hi l wye a ls r y, t y ae tmii o ee s a r nd f l d i busne shour ; nmiy urng i s s 3. Ha ia Coun y She ifs de rm e sa f e e e M ari s wie' lf x t rf pa t nt t f nt r d tn' fs r i nc wihout a wa r nt whe s wa not a home,a whe s esde e t ra n he s t nd n he r t ne s f md t c e soft hom eha be n r ns c d; e ur d, he ot he ont nt he d e a a ke 4. Ha ia Count She ifs De y Tom my Spe r ve ba l t e t ned t lf x y rf ' put nce r ly hr a e o s hootM a tn i t he i he ç tt s c ge '; r i n he ad f t bea he e har s ' Afe M ari g a ie of o goi mai a ove by Lt M ic l, tr t ot n t m n ut ng l ppr d . thel M a tn t a de e ' Lt W al rpolc who ha ha as e M a tn snc ri t s nid'by . ke w iy, s r s d ri i e he nn med he hus nd asadef nda i al ui;a r ba e nt n aws t nd 6. On J y 25,201 Ofie Br n de ed M ari r c e to tm e ul 3, fc r oga ni tn e r a i n i . M a tn s t f l ng de e ri ues he olowi f ndant: Ti Tr nt t Bl Ri Regi J i,a t Half x s m e , he ue dge onal a l nd he ia Cot y Sherf ' De rm e .Asr le i t sa ton,M a tn s eksm one a y r le . mt ifs pa t nt ei f n hi c i ri e t r e if 1 1 The cou t i r quied t dim is a aci or c am fl d by a prs r s e r o s s ny ton l i ie ioner ag ns a ai t go m me a e iy orofk e i t c tdeer ne t aci n o cam i fi o ,m ai i , ve nt l ntt t r f he our t mi s he to r li s rvolus lcous o fist saeacam o whih rle ma b g a td 2 U.. j 1 5 b)1. I o d rt r al o tt li n c eif y e ' n e . 8 SC. 91 A( () n r e o r sae acam i a fd r lcvla to ,teplitf stta ta alg to mus b e o h t tt li n ny e ea i i cin h an if tq cu l le ains t e n ug o l r ie a rgh t r le above t s cultve lvel' t one t ti iplusbl o is f c ' r t r a s i t o e if he pe a i e ,' o ha s ç a i e n t a e, a he ' ta meey û o c i a l. BelAt.Co v.Two y 5 0 U. 5 4,5 0 ( 0 7 . Se to h n rl t n ev be' l l m. c ' mbl, 5 S. 4 7 2 0 ) cin 1 983 E s des g t i i ned t pr vi a c pr he i r m e f t de i ton of c tt i na o o de om e ns ve e dy or he pr va i ons iuto l rg t. S t v. mp o Trii S h. o Nms s 3 0F.d 5 7 5 1( t Ci.1 6 ) To sae ih s' mih Hn t n ann: c f r e , 6 2 7 , 8 4h r 9 6 . tt ' 2 a c e ofa ton unde j1983,a plitf mus esa ih t theha be n de i d ofrg s aus ci r anif t tbls ha s e prve iht gua an e by t Consiuton o l ws oft Unied Stt s and t tt s de i ton r ule r t ed he tt i r a he t ae ha hi prva i es t d ki , 7 fom c r onduc c t omm itd by ape s n aci t rc orofsae l 1 W es v.At ns 48 U .S. te r o tng mde ol t t aw. t 4 ( 98 ) 2 1 8. M a tn' c ri s ompl i does no pr vi a cla ,c onol c saeme of t f c s on ant t o de e r hr ogial t t nt he a t whih he ba e a ofhi cli s N o doe he s e f c sc c s s ny s am . r s ot a t once i t c m ng he onduc o poi i son t r lc e wlc e c d f n a tc ud b h l la l u d rj1 8 Th r fr , a t fist saeacam l h a h e e d n o l e ed ib e n e 9 3. ee o e M ri al o tt li i n a ns a oft d e gai t ny he ef ndan shehasname i t he di ofhi c t d n he a ng s ompli .W e t s a. I a ant s, upr n ny e t fom lbe alc t ci n oft bre f c ualsa e nt he ofe sa t ot docl e s ven , ' r i r onsnz to he i f a t tt me s f r nd he her tm nt he s ubmis t cour i s tsi d t tnoneofhi conc m srs st co tt i pr to s as t, he t s a ife ha s e ie o nsiutonal opori ns o t saea a to a ecam t e j1 8 a an ta y n . o tt n cin bl li md r 9 3 g is n o e M a tn' prm a y c ri s i r ompli tc e nshi de iet brng a c i i lc r a i tI t a n onc r s sr o i rm na ha ge gans nma e Shor f r as a tng hi . Hi s iso cea l i cae,howe r t he ha bee abl t t o s uli m s ubm s i ns l ry ndi t ve , hat s n e o c m lni t t a m a sr t hi de ie t b i a c r aga ns Shor . Thus he has not be n om l ca e o gi t a e s s r o r ng ha ge i t t , e de e a ce st t c t M o eo r he doesnotha a c tt tonalrghtt ha t c ge nid c s o he our. r ve , ve onsiu i i o ve he har acualy i si t orpr e ut Se Li R. v.Rihad D. 41 U. 61 61 ( 973) t l nve tgaed os c ed. e nda S. c r , 0 S. 4, 9 1 ( ngi vi lha noconsi i rg r r ng ci na pr e uton o non- e uton fndi ndi dua s tmtonal iht egadi rmi l os c i r mosc i o a oh rpes n ;Le k v. mmema 4 4 U. 8 ,8 - 7 ( 9 )(i dngt a imae h d f n te ro ) e e Ti r n, 5 S. 3 6 8 1 81 fn i h t n ts a no c tt i onsiutonal c am ba e on m a sr t s r f s t is r quese c i i wa r nt li sd gita e' e u al o s ue e t d rm nal ra c r ngguadswih asa t. Theefr ,t c tc l st tM a tn' cli r r nghi hagi r t s ul) r o e he our oncude ha ri s ams egadi s 1 M artn doesnots at f scl l est i ng t any oft def i t e act ear y ablshi hat he endant he hasnam ed s quaii a at ro 'sbe tt s tu r1 1 3.Se , g.Prv lv.Re ,20 F. 8 ,2 0WL lfes s E sn' u jc o ui nde 98 pe e e. , e a no 3 3d 21 00 20 91 a *l( t Ci. a 1 ,20 )( npu ih d)( otn W ilv.M ihia De to S aePol e, 5 , t 4h r J n. 3 00 u bls e qu ig l c g n p' f tt i 49l c U. 5 ,71( 98 :. S. 8 1 9 ia ii t h v S o t o e ue mu tb sl rl d s se wih u p eu ie p ru n t n blt o a e h r pr s c td s e l y mmaiy imisd t o t rj d c , u s a t o j1 5 b ( ) a lg l fi lu . 91 A( )1, s e al rvoo s y M a tn' o he cli sa s f i unde t a iabl c tmtonalsn ds Fis,M a tn ri s t r am lo a l r he pplc e onsi i t ndar . r t ri h sn c n t ina rg tt b h u e i a y p riulrj i o u d ra y p riulr sto a o o si o l ih o e o s d n n a t a al r n e n a t a e f mt c c s c iy r titons I a e ha no pr ece lbe t i e es i beng hous d i a pa tc a e urt esrc i . nm t s ve ot td i ry ntr t n i e n ny riul r prs ori a prs wih l s r titve co to . M e hum v.Fa 427 U. 21 224ion n ion t e s esrc i ndii ns ac no, S. 5, 25 ( 976) M atn fist saef t i c tng t t c tonsi t s e ton uni pos a 1 . ri al o tt acs ndiai hat he ondii n he egrgai t e n t t p c la d sg i n h r hp (n hi i rlto t t o dn r icd n so p io lf. G y ia n in f t ads i o m) n eain o he r ia y n ie t f rs n ie' a ka ' S n i v.Co n r 51 U. 4 2, 8 ( 9 5 ) b y. i m et,25 F.d 5 5 5 8 n.1( t a dn n e , 5 S. 7 4 4 1 9 ) Gibs Grm- tç 4 3 4 , 4 5h Ci.0 )(p yn S ndnt t ed ep o e scam o ap era d tie ) Theeo e M at s r2 01 a plig a i o h u r c s li f r til ean e . rf r , ri n' c ompl i sa utbeng i s gr ga i do no s ea cai ofc tt i lsg fca e. ant bo i n e e ton t ut ny l m onsiutona i nii nc Se nd, a tn' c co M ri s ompl i saboutm aldely, i t tonson tl phoneca l t hi f m iy ant i a lmia i ee ls o s a l a hi a t e a de alofr r a i o one oc son do notpr s tany c tt i lcai nd s tom y, nd ni ec e ton n ca i e en onsiutona l m aga ns a i t nyone. M a tn f l t s ri ais o how how t s ale d adve s co to ha c ed hi a he e l ge r e ndii ns ve aus m ny sg fc n ij r et e t h sp ro o h sl iain ef rs Thu ,t s r srcinso h s ini a t nu y, ih r o i es n r i i g to fo t. s hee etito n i i t p i ie e a eno a to a eu d rj 1 8 . S e Src lrv. ae s 9 9 F.d 1 7 ,1 81 1 8 rvlg s r t cin bl n e 9 3 e tike W tr, 8 2 3 5 3 , 3 3 (t Ci.1 9 ) M o e ve,te c u tc n c nc ie o lgtmae p noo ia p r s s f r 4 h r 9 3 . r o r h o r a o ev f e ii t e lgc l u po e o lm ii i a e 'outofc l prvie ,s h as t e i tng nm t s - - e l i l ges uc elphone cal a r r a i i t t whe e ls nd ec e ton, n mis r s urt nee a e g e t rt n t e oft ge r lpo a i See Tur rv.Sal y,482 U . ec iy ds r r a e ha hos he ne a pulton. ne te S. 7 ,8 ( 9 7 (i ig t a wh n p io rguai n i ig so i mae 'c n ttto a rg t, 8 9 1 8 ) fndn h t e rs n e lto mpn e n n ts o si in l ihs u rgultoni vald i i i r s bl r ae t l tmaepe ogiali ees) e ai s i f t s ea ona y eltd o egii t nol c ntr t. Thr M a t salg to so v r a a us b j i o fcas wi o tmo e d n tsae id, ri le ain f eb l b e y al fiil, t u r , o o tt n' h a y c n t uina cam. He se v Le s 1 3 Fe Ap x 1 9 1 9 ( t Ci.2 0 )(i n n o si to l li t n le . wi, 5 d. p' 7 , 7 4h r 0 5 ct g i 4 Col v. n y, 03F.d 8 5 8 7( 0hCi.1 7 ) Th c n tt to d e n tG oe ta ans lns Cu d 6 2 2 , 2 1 t r 9 9 . e o siuin o s o l tc g i t i pr alitu in o o e spe c o mi . Pitlyv. aih, 2 F.d 3 7( s Ci.1 91 .Ev ni l nr so s n n ' a e f nd' tse W rs 9 7 2 , 1t r 9 ) e f ' an ofi i ls ve ba t ea ca esa i t f rore i la e y,me e wor a one do not tc a ' r l hr t us n nma e ea motona nxit r ds l i 2d co tt ea i son ofa i ntfe lbe t i ers. J ;Em monsv.M cLauahln,874 F. nsiut n nva i ny de iid i ry nt et #z . 3 ,3 4 (t Ci.1 8 )(i dngt a veba t rasc u i p an ift fa frhi lf d n t 51 5 6h r 9 9 fn i h t r l h e t a sng litf o e r o s ie o o ifig a y c n tt t n l ih) nrn e n o siui a rg t. o Fi ly,M m i ca no pr e on hi cli t t s rf s ofi e pe s nal n n t oc ed s am ha he if fc r onnelvi a e hi olt d s w ie' c tt i l rght . Se Hum m ç v.Dal 657 F. 621,625f s ons iutona i s e r t on, 2d 626 ( h Ci.981 4t r1 ) - (o dn a p io e p o e dng p o K ma o l s e t e f re h so rg t) l mae v h l ig rs n r r c e i r y n y e k o n o c i wn ih s; n ts . Owe s 5 F. 5 0 (t Ci.1 7 )(o sae cvlrg t cam,pan ifmus alg fcs n , 61 2d 6 4 h r 9 7 t tt ii ih s li litf t le e a t de monsr tng t he hi s l has s t i o wils t i d,de i i ofrgh ,prvieg or ta i hat m ef usaned, r l usane prvaton i t il e i mmuniy s c byt c tt i orfde a lw) Seeas M oos Lodg No.1 v.lvi, t e med he onsiuton e r l a . lo e e 07 r s 40 U..1 3 1 6 ( 9 2 ( li a t' a sa dngt s e r d e sf rij e d net hi b t 7 S 6 , 6 1 7 ) a i g n ' s tn i o e k e r s o nmi s o o m, u t h ma n tse rd e sfrij re d n t o h r'. y o e k e r s o nu is o e o t es' ) F rt ra o sae ,h c u t imis sM a t sc mp an wi o t rj d c , u s a t o he e s ns ttd te o r d s se ri o lit t u p eu ie p ru n n' h t j1 5 b ( ) f rf i t saea ya to a ecam t e j1 8 Th Clr i drce t o 91 A( )1, o al o tt n cin bl li md r 9 3. e ek s ie td o me s nd c esoft sme or ndlm opi on a ac ompa ng or rt pl n if e opi hi m a l ni nd c nyi de o aitf. E E T i $ dyo Ocoe,03 NT R: hs a f tbr2 1. Se ' rUnied St t Diti tJ t aes src udg 5

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