Hoglan et al v. Robinson et al, No. 7:2013cv00258 - Document 64 (W.D. Va. 2014)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Jackson L. Kiser on 09/19/2014. (kab)
Download PDF
<![CDATA[
cŠnrsoFFl u.. sx p ce s a A AT> MUa , vA F D I THE UNI S N TED TATESDI CT COURT STRI FO R TH E W E STER N DI STRI T O F V I G I I C R N A RO A N O K E D I SI N VI O A s J K DL x DO UGLAS A.HOG LAN, Pl nt f , ai i f M EM ORANDUM OPJ O N NI A .D AV I R O BI SO N ,e al, D N t . D ef endant s. . Ci lActon No.7: 3- vvi i 1 c 00258 V. By:H on.Jac on L.K i e ks jr Se or U nied St e Di t i tJudge ni t at s s r c ' Pli ifDougl A . antf as Hogln,aVigi ai aepr e di pr K ,fl ave ii d Co ant a r ni nm t oc e ng o ied rfe mpli a a e e s pur uantt 42 U .S. j1 3, esntngffe n cams1 Pl i ifnn e va i nd m ndm nt s o C. 98 pr e i ite li . antf m s rous safoft Vigi aDe rme ofCore tons(ç tf he r ni pa t nt rci : VDOC' asdee nt.Defnda sfldamoin ' ) fnda s e nt ie to frs mmayj d me t a dPlitf rs o d d ma igtematrrp f rd s sto 2 Aj o u r u g n, n an if e p n e , kn h te ie o ipo iin. ur rve n ter c r 1 n Dee d n s moin frs mmayj g n a t cam 7a ddrc e iwig h e o d, de y fn a t' t o u r ud me t s o li n ie t o De e d n st tl amoin frsl r j d me ta o tt t li d n De e d n s mo inf r fn a t o ie to o l mmay u g n b u ha cam; e y fn a t' to o s ummayj d me t t u p eu iea t Plitf se h use camso rtlaind et t e r u g n wi t rj dc s o anif x a td li f eaito u o h ho p nd n yo cam 7 a d ga tt mo inf rs mma yj g n a t a1 t rcams e e c f li , n r n he to o u r ud me t s o l ohe li . 1. On J nua y 30, 2009,Pli ifwa s nt nce t ffy- yea s i prs nm e 3afe hepla d a r e de antf s e e d o it one r ' m i o nt tr g i yt t c u t o a ul rt d ikt ij r,woc t so a utrt f o ,h e c u t o u l o wo o n s f d t ae rn o n u e t omt f d leae o d tre o n s f t e aggr va e s xualba tr one c a td e te y, ountofunl wf fl ngpho ogr phy, nd t c sofpos es i of a ul imi / t a a wo ount s son hid nogr phy. nweat v. H og a N o.CR080001 CR0800041 CR07000982, 1h c l por a 4 Comm o l n, 02, 7, CR070011 ( rui Ct St fr Cnt )(vaiabl vi Vigi aCic tCour Cael or ton, 01 Cic t . afo d y. a l e a r ni rui t s nf mai ht /e o ilc u .tt.au / l e /ic i. p ; e . ..Fe . Evi. 2 ( )2 ;n Re tpi ws cs .o hssaev .sclsW bcrut s ) se eM, d R. d R. 01b ( ) l / j Karn Ca a Br a h sCo s . tg, 3 F. u p. d 6 5 6 1 3 & n 1 - 5( D. . 0 8 ; tia n l e c e n olLii.5 3 S p 2 1 , 3 - 3 n.4 1 E. La 2 0 ) 1TheCompl n , a e e s andex bist a ne ry 400 pa . ait m ndm nt, hi t otl a l ges 2Themoinfrs mmayj d me tb ifi sp r afd vt, n e hbi ttl e ry30 p g s a dPlitf' t o u r u g n, re n u poq fia isa d x i t oa n al 0 a e , n anifs o s r s ei m or t n 1 pa s. e pons s e ha 50 ge m M % j j W il msv Lo g 5 5F. u p. d67 , 8 - 8& n4( M d. 0 8 .So ntee fe , litf wa li . n , 8 S p 2 9 6 6 8 a . D. 2 0 ) o h ra tr P an if s t a f r ed t t c t ofV D OC ofk i s r ns e r o he us ody t al . W hl ic re ae a teVDOC' P c h na SaeCo r cina Fa it (TSCC', an if ie n ac rtd t h S o a o ts tt re to l cl y ç i ' Plitf ) at mpt d t r ei va i books , fye sde c i nude wom e a t l s i o dipl y off mal te e o ec ve rous s l r pitng n nd he a evi us s a e e ge t la , com m er i lphot ofnude ors n iy- e s d wo e , a pe i c l7fom s ce niai 6 os ca tl dr s e m n nd rodi a s r our s ca ou s de t pr s buts a fw oul i e c tde i r a pr ve Pl i if spos es i oft s iem s t i he i on, tf d nt r ep lve y nd e nt a ntf s s on he e t ptr ua t e t rPSCC W a de Young' diec i t tno PSCC i a e m a or rc m e c a ls nt o ihe r n s r tve ha nm t y de om r i l phot r phsors eo herVDOC o PSCC polc Pl n ift ucc s f l pur ue a i sr tve og a om t r iy. aitf ms e s uly s d dm nitai r medi wih PSCC a VDOC ofk i l. e es t nd t as l De mbe 2011 de e ntBoyd,t Se orPs hol s atPSCC,c e t d a Ca e Pl n n ce r , f nda he ni yc ogit rae s a Ag e me t(te t n p a ' t a,ne ai, r hbi dPlitf Sr m v e n o p se sn a y re n ir ame t ln' h t itr la p o i t anif t o iwig r o s sig n l ) e f publc tons ma e i l,orphot whih m a bederm e alt t te t e pln ort tma pr m ot ia i , t ras os c y ti nt o he r am nt a ha y o e 8 e a de a be vi si l ng s ly de a be or .' C as Pl n A gt, ECF N o.47, gei no. vint ha or ncudi exua l vi nt havi s' pa d. . 8 Pl i ifsgne t team e pl n on De embe 16, 1, lt rbele d t ti wasc e e a 20. antf i d he r t nt a c r 201 but a e ive ha t r atd s r t la i f flnggre nce a e a iton or ii i va s bouthi i biiy t r cevenude i s na lt o e i mage a books Pli ifs s nd . antf contnue at mpt t r cevepor a cpho os fye s pa phlt , nd booksalege y pr i d te s o e i nogr phi t , l r, m es a l dl ompt d e PSCC saf t r t laeby s r hi hi c l s i ng i a sofc l e and wo e a co ci t f o e ait ea c ng s el, ezi m ge hidr n m n, nd nvi tng 3Thesaecour s pe d a1butt yyea soft s enc , a Pl ntf willkeyber las dba k i ot tt t us nde l went r he ent e nd ai if l i l ee e c nt he communiy whie i hi e l sxtes t l n s ary i i . 4Stt c tr or r vea t tt f l ng c r swe enolepr s aûe heplade g ly:t c sofdei r ae our ec ds e l ha he olowi ha ge r l osed r e d uit wo ount lve a tr td f ei c sofpos esi ofchid por a atmptd r ,a fvecou sofa avae s l dule ae ood, ght ount s son l nogr phy, te e ape nd i nt ggr td exua batr l te y. d. 5Theboo a eTheGilw iht Dr on Ta t , Pahfnde :Ki M ake -Bl f Bl > TheFlntSaaa andThe ks r r t he ae too t i r na r ood or ood i , AritsCompl eGui t Fa i Expr sons Alho r ernce i Pl nifsExhi tP, antf doesnotc le ts' et de o cal es i . t ugh ef e d n aitf bi Pli if halnge t diposton oft book Ba isofBi i Gr k. he s ii he sc blcal ee 6Pl ntf r e st t ie asdc t ogs' ndStye s' l Defnda sr f t t m as(tye s' Thedc t og' ai if efr o he tms çaal 'a t r 'whie e nt eer o he l çl r . ' taal ' a r t cons s off r y phot aphsofna d w om e e t ri sngl org oup s lpos s on 8 % i h by 1l i h ppea s o it o t ogr ke n, ihe n i e r exua e, nc nc pa r.Forco itnc Ir f rt t tye sc t ogsa S l r ' pe nsse y, e e o he l r /aal s l ye s. f ' 1Thepe i caswer t is ofPl rodi l e wo sues ayboyLi re nge i. 8Thesatdgoaloft te mentpln wast addr sPl ntf side tuctves xualis s'duei lr pa tohi te he r at a o es ai if' t sr i e s ue ' n a ge r t s çpr bl'c i i t nki obs r ton,whih i cae alc ofa e a ofr ponsbiiy f hi c i i lc ç oba e' rm nalhi ng e vai c ndi ts a k cc ptnce es i lt or s rm na onduc . t ECF N o.47,pa i no.8 ge d. 20. . .. . -. Pl i ifofva i usi tt i i r to f vi a i t t r soft team e pl n.9 Pli if antf ro nsiutonal nfaci ns or oltng he e m he r t nt a a ntf be ivest s a t wer unl wf r t ito be a e Pl i ifha be a l d t r eve s h iems le he e c s e a ul ealai n c us antf d en lowe o ec i uc t dlrng hi pro t ye r i t VDOC a di nothel Boyd de l t te t ntpln. zi s i r wo a s n he nd d p ve op he r a me a The i tt i lcon c i uli a ey 1 d t Pl ntf sni t da ta f rt t PSCC nsiutona vitons tm t l e o ai if ney- y r nse o he S r cu e Li igUnt(( ' whihi ah usn a sg n ta i mo ec nr le t ng n r l tu t rd vn i ç SLU', c s o i g s inme t h t s r o to ld ha e ea ) p p lto b tls ta s g e ain.Se VDOC Op rtn Pr c d z C$ '8 ..Afe a vn a o uain u e s h n e r g to e eaig o e u e OP' 417 tr ni ig t ) t SLU on N ove be 6, 2, a ntf no l rha phys c la ce st t PSCC 1 lbr r he m r 201 Pl i if onge d i a c s o he aw i a y alhough he c d silc t oul tl ommuni t wih t prvae at r as i d t PSCC a coul r ques cae t he i t to ney sgne o nd d e t s c fc lgalma e i l fom hi t tco el a t i ae lw-i ar cer .Pl i iff ndt s pe ii e t ras r s mi uns or nd he nm t a lbr y l ks antf ou hi s t m t bel sconve e a e f c i t n i heha physca ac es t t 1 lbr r yse o es ni nt nd fe tve ha f d i l c s o ht aw i a y. Pl i ifa guesff e n m ulif ce ed c ai si ve w ih hi i a c r ton a t PSCC, a ntf r ite t- a t l m nvol d t s nc r e a i t he e e a e 1 asf jows num r t d 0 o j . . Cl i 4. Young,Ga man,A.Robi on,Coli ,Co lnd, Al i vi a e Pli tf Fis am r ns lns pea and drdge olt d a n ifs rt A m endm e rghtt r ce ve i or t o i prs a t Four e nt Am e nt i o e i nf ma i n n i on nd he te h ndm e t 1rghtt n1 i o due pr es by nota rng t t Sspec tc Crt r a f Publca i n D i a oval' lned oc s dhe i o he ç ii ie i or i to s ppr ' outi i O P 803. d nc i Publca i , when pr ntng Pl i if s r c ptoft book The n 2, s om ng l i tons' ' eve i a ntf e ei he Gi lw ih t D r on Ta t r t he ag t oo. Cli 5. M o d vi aed Pl i ifsFis Am e am ul ol t antf rt ndmentrghtt r evepu i tonsi prs a i o ec i blcai n ion nd Foure nt Am e e rghtt duepr es whe M oul s r e a dia ove fye s te h ndm nt i o oc s n d c e ned nd s ppr d l r S a g oup'i t d ofea h tyer a Tur r Bi ns a G. t as r ' nsea c l , nd ne , ve , nd Robi on obsr c e ns tu td a i sr tver medi by de ng gre dm nitai e es nyi ivanc sa e boutM oul d. 9Theie s iedasc r band i vi a i oft teame pl i udedapageoff t phot ofsngl wo or tms ez onta n olton he r t nt an ncl ory os i e men gr oupsofwomeni s xualy-uggesi postonsore n e ls tve ii ngagi i s xualacs apa depitngna d,ve ys l chidr n ng n e t; ge ci ke r mal l e a t nake br ssoff lsa youngasffee yea sol a e otc sor s eci f m bywhi Plitf wa nd he d ea t emae s it n- r d; n r i t y el ton or ch an if s r quesi sore ba e ona s andanala g oups aphot r phy m a zi ;acompa sor f m sf r e tng t is s d nal ex nd r ex; og a ga ne ny' der or o maga ne depitngs alpener i a tte d r l Legal'$ Cup, t gBut 'fwveYoung GilPr e s zi s ci exu taton nd ild ç ey Ba ,1 ' D- ' ç ' Bi t 's i l r es nt Lai , ec;a or rf m f nontnos' t n de or or ' nudef m aecee iis'pit es pa fom a a omy bookpubls dby Natonal e l lbrte cur ; ges r n nat ihe i Ge a c;a a riementt tf t esmuli epitzesofayoung,cl hedgil apa fom Sshutebug' ogr phi n dve ts ha eaur tpl clr ot r; ge r i tr 'maga ne zi t thast eepi t e ofc ot d c l e i dif r ntpos ;a g a c,de a l d dr ngsofl s a a g oup s ha hr c ur s l he hidr n n f e e es nd r phi t ie awi e bi n nd r ex. 1 ai s 1t ough 3wer fl i t nameofaco- antf, who ha sncebe n s ver fom t sa ton.Icontnue 0Cl m hr e ied n he pli if si e e ed r hi c i i t us t cai nu be sPli ifa Defndan sus d i t i flng o e he l m m r antf nd e t e n her ii s. 1 Pl ntf r atdl ar t tt a i bl rghtt d pr es i pr t td byboht Fi a Fo te h 1 ai if epe e y gues ha he pplca e i o ue oc s s oece t he hh nd ure nt Am e e s butt Fi Am e m en ' duepr es ca eapplesonl t t fde a govenm e .See e. , tsv. ndm nt, he Ah nd ts oc s lus i y o he e r l r nt . a.Be t Brd , 1 U. 4 5 4 2(9 2 . a y 3 6 S. 5 , 6 1 4 ) Cli 6. W al Rowe et ,a Hi evi aed Pli ifsFis Am e am z, l te nd nkl ol t antf rt ndmen rg t r c ve t i ht o e ei publcai i prs a Foure t Ame e rghtt duepr es by dia ovi and i tons n ion nd ten h ndm nt i o oc s s ppr ng r f i t s r n c me calphot a on a t as by- a e' ss e usng o c ee om r i ogr phs s e- c s 'ba i. c Cl m 7. You W a z Hi e,Gar n, . ns an Clr vi atd Pl ntf' Fis ai ng, l , nkl ma A Robi on, d a ke ol e ai ifs r t Am e e rg t r c vepublc tonsi prs a Foure nt Am e e trghtt due ndm nt i ht o e ei ia i n ion nd te h ndm n i o pr es by ba ng a1 c me cilpho ogr phs i udi t ewih a tc e , nd G. oc s nni 1 om r a t a , ncl ng hos t dul ont nt a Robi on obs r c e ad i s r tve r m edi . ns t u t d m ni t a i e es Cl m 8. Tur ra m e r oft PRC vi ae Pl i ifsFis Ame m e rghtt r c i ai ne nd mbe s he olt d antf rt nd nt i o e e ve publc tonsi prs a Foure nt Am e ia i n ion nd te h ndmentrghtt duepr e sby de ng Pli tf i o oc s nyi a n if r ceptofpublc tonsba e on û ol pl ngy' G. bi on obsr t a nitai e i iai s d ç e ayi 'and Ro ns r tuced dmi sr tve rm e e . e di s Cl i 9. Ha l Boyd,a Da svi a e Pl n if sFis Ame m e rgh t r c i publc tonsi am l, nd vi olt d aitf rt nd nt i t o e e ve ia i n prs and Foure nt Am e e rg t duepr es by e c i ate t tpln t t ion te h ndm nt i ht o oc s na tng r a men a ha pr bied hi fom pos es i varouspublcai ns Boyd c e t d t te t ntpln as ohi t m r s sng i i to , r a e he r a me a r t la i a Ttne ,Bi ns a Robi on obsr c e a i sr tve r medi . e a iton, nd u r ve , nd ns tu t d dm nitai e es Cl i 1 Ha l Boyd,a Zi e r t laed a i tPli iff flng t slws tby c r ng hi am 0. l, nd eglr e ai t ga ns antf or ii hi a ui ha gi m wih pos es i ofco r ba Ba a W az s e t s son nta nd. ndy nd l ubs quen l vi a e t Foure nt ty olt d he te h Amendme rghtt duepr s by notc nt i o oce s onduc i af rdicplna yhe rng a by tng ai s i i r a i nd afimi t i tt to c ci on a al r pe i y. fr ng he nsiu i nal onvi ton ppe , es ctvel Cl i 11 Ha l Ca t i ,a Sut n r t laed a i tPl i iff flng t sl ws t Ca t i ht am . l, rwrght nd phi e ai t ga ns antf or ii hi a ui. rwrg vi a e t Foure nt Ame e rgh t d pr es whe hes i d Pli tf spr ry olt d he te h ndm nt i t o ue oc s n eze a n if ope t and di notr tzn i,a Tur r Bi ns W az,a Hil eobsr t d a nita i d elr t nd ne , ve , l nd rkl tuc e dmi sr tve r me e . e di s Cli 1 Boyd c r ed Pli ifwih pos es i ofc r ba asr t la i f flng gre am 2. ha g antf t s son onta nd e a iton or ii ivanc a es nd t sl ui,vi a e t Fis Ame m e rghtt r c vepublc tonsi prs a hi aws t olt d he r t nd nt i o e ei ia i n ion, nd vi aedt Fouree h Ame m e rghtt duepr es by s i ng Pli if spe s l olt he t nt nd nt i o oc s ezi antf r ona pho os Ba a Young vi aed duepr s by notc t . ndy nd olt oce s onduc i af i dicplna y tng ar s i i r he rng a a fnni t i tt i lc c i r peci l a Tur ra Bi ns a i nd fi ng he nsiutona onviton, es tvey, nd ne nd ve o t c e a i sr tve r medis bsnlt d dm nita i e e. Cl m 1 Boyd c r ed Pli tf wih pos es i ofc r ba a r t iton f tlng gre ai 3. ha g a n if t s son onta nd s e ala i or ii ivanc a es nd t sl ui,a Ba y and Yo vi a e t Fo te h Am e hi aws t nd nd ung olt d he ure nt ndme rg t duepr s nt i ht o oce s by no c t onduc i a f i di c plna y hea i a a tnni t i tt i tng a r s i i r rng nd fi ng he ns iutonalc c i onvi ton, r s c i y. e pe tvel 4 Cl i 1 Hn mond,W al Young,Hil e Gar n, . am 4. m z, rkl , ma A Robi on, nd Clr vi a e t f de al ns a a ke olt d he e r rg t ac es c t by c e tng apolc t tca e i de t a es t t prs lw i ht o c s ours r a i iy ha us d na qua e cc s o he ion a lbr r durng Pl i ifsc i i ay i antf ontneme i t SLU, c pr c ude Pl ntf fo r ii nt n he whi h e l d ai if r m a sng a t rcl i i t s a ton.1 no he a m n hi c i 2 Cl i 1 Boyd r t it d agans Pl ntf by r c am 5. e ala e i t ai if e omm e ngt tPli ifbehous d i t SLU. ndi ha antf e n he W a z Rowlte,Young,Hi e,Ganna A . l, et nkl n, Robi on,a Clr vi a e t Fouree h ns nd a ke olt d he t nt Am e ndme rghtt duepr e sby notpr di ahe rngbe or bei hous d i t nt i o oc s ovi ng ai f e ng e n he SLU , and Tur robsr ct a nita i r m e e .3 ne tu ed dmi sr tve e di s1 Cl i 1 . Tu ne ,Bi ns a G.Robi on obsr t d a nita i r m e e .4 am 6 r r ve , nd ns tuc e dmi sr tve e dis 1 Cli 1 PRC m e am 7. mber vi a e t Fis Am e e rg t r evepublc tonswhiei prs n s olt d he rt ndm nt i ht o ec i iai l n io a t Foure nt Am e e rghtt duepr e sby dia ovi Pl ntf sr ceptof nd he te h ndm nt i o oc s s ppr ng ai if e i t Oc o r ove be 201 is ofPlyboy Li re.1 he t bem m r 2 s ue a nge i 5 Cli 1 Bo a Yo vi aedt Fis Ame e rghtt r c vepublc tonsi prs a am 8. yd nd ung olt he r t ndm nt i o e ei ia i n ion nd Foure nt Am e e trg t duepr sby c ic tng fom Pl i ift prs te h ndm n i ht o oces onfs a i r antf he ionlbr r boo TheAritsCo pl eGui t Fac a Exnr s i a vi a i Pli ifs i ay k ts ' m et de o i l e sons s oltng antf te t ntpln,a Boyd r t laed a ns Pli ifby c gi hi wih poses i of r a me a nd e a it gai t antf har ng m t s son conta nd. r ba II. Dee d n sa g i t i moi nf rs mmayj g n t a t ecamsfrd ma e a s re f n a t r ue n her to o u r ud me t h t h li o a g s se td agans t m i t ri vi c pa ii ar ba r by t doc rneofquaiid i muniy.6 A pa t i t he n hei ndi dual a ctes e red he ti lfe m t l ry i e tt dt sl r j d me t f h p e dng ,h d so e ya dds l s r mae il o fl, n s nil o t e mmay u g n i t e la i s t e ic v r n ico u e tras n ie a d a yatd vt s o ta te ei n g n i eds u ea t a ymae ilfc.F d R. v. 5 () n fi a is h w h t h r s o e u n ip t s o n tra a t e . Ci P. 6 a. M a e i lf t a et ene s a y t esa ih t e e t ofapa t sca eofa ton.Ande s v. t ra ac s r hos ce s r o t bls he l men s ry' us ci r on Li t Lobby,l .477U. 242, ( 986 .A ge neis ofmae ilfc e ssi,i viwi bery nc, S. 248 1 ) nui sue tra a t xit f n e ng 1 Plitf c ncd si hir s net temoinfrs mmayj d me th th wa n t rn iga id pe d n 2 anif o e e n s epo s o h to o u r u g n ta e s o b ign n n e n e t cli agans Young,Ga man,a A.Robi o f alege y vi ai t Fis Ame men rghtt r cevepublcai i am i t r nd ns n or l dl oltng he r t nd t i o e i i tons n prs by de ngPl ntf' r ceptoft Fe ua y/ ar 2011is ofPlybo Li re. ion nyi ai ifs e i he br r M ch sue a y nge i 1 anifwi de arltdcam ta Plitf s fee d u l jo ad b ben ta serdt teS ECFn 3Plitf t rw eae li h t anif ufr d o be e p r y y ig rn fre o h LU. h o. 57. 1 Pl ntf a 4 ai if cknow l gest tcl m 1 i no ba edon a al d lc ofS e viea ecot s'alhought tis i ed ha ai 6 s t s n lege a k d r c bl l he ' t s ha sue s dicus e i t Com pli .Pl' Re p.t M ot Sum m .J a pa i no.91 s s d n he ant .s s o . . t ge d. 5. 1 Pl i ifwihdr ar ltd cl m t tA . Robi onandClr vi aedt Fis Ame 5 antf t ew eae ai ha ns a ke olt he rt ndme by e ci apolc nt na tng iy t tba r Pli iffom a lngale y dia ove pu i to vi t O fende Greva Pr e te ECF no. ha red antf r ppeai r ad s ppr d blcains a he f r i nce oc dtr . 57. 1 Qualfe i 6 iid mmuniypennisgover ntofii spef mi dic ei r f nctonsi i vi c ciist be t t nme fcal ror ng s r tonay u i n ndi dual apa te o ïs ededfom la lt f cvi dama si ofrast i c thil r ibiiy or i l ge ns a her onduc doesno vi aece l esa ihed saut y or t t olt lary tbls tt or c n tuin l iht o whc arao a ep ro wo dh v k o ' Halw v Ftg rl, 7U. 8 0, 1 (9 2 ; o si to a rg s f ih e s n bl es n ul a e n wn. ro . iz ead 45 S. 0 8 8 1 8 ) t ' seBr a tv Muh, 4F.d 1 8 ,1 8 (t Ci.1 9 )(eciigb re s i n ) Dee d nsaep oetdfo e y n . t 99 2 0 2 0 6 4h r 9 3 d s rbn ud n hhig. fn a t r r tce rm da gesi t rofii c pa tesbyt Elvent Amend e .Se eg.M t He t Ciy Sc Dit Bd.ofEduc. ma n hei fcal a cii he e h m nt e. . , . alhy t h. s. v. Do l, 2 U. 2 4, 0 ( 9 7 . y e 4 9 S. 7 28 1 7 ) t r cor a a1 r s na e i e e esdr wn t r fom i alg mos f a et t non- o ng he e d nd l ea o bl nf r nc a he e r n i ht t avor bl o he m vi pat, r a o a l fc-id rc u dr tr av r itf rteno mo a t J Th mo n p ryh st e ry a e s n be a tfn e o l eu n e dc o h n- v n . Z e vig a t a h bur n ofs de howi - tha i , n i o t t diti co t t tt r i a a e ofe de e t ng d t s poitng ut o he srct ur - ha he e s n bs nce vi nc o t s uppor t nonmovi pary' c e. CeotxCop . Cart,477U. 31 325( 6) l t the ng t s as ' l e ' v. tet S. 7, 198 . f he mova s tsi st sbur n, he t nonnt a ite hi de t n he mova mus s tf t s cii admisbl f c st t nt t e orh pe fc, s i e a t ha de o taet e se eofa ge ne is off c f ti .1 1 .at322- . A pa t i e ild t m nsr t he xitnc nui s ue a t or ral 7 d 23 ry s ntte o s mmayj d me t f h r c r a awh l c udno la arto a tiro fc t fndi fv ro t u r u g n i t e e o d s oe o l t e d ain l re f a t o i n a o f he nonmovan .W ila v. ifn,952F. 8 8 ( hCi.1 ) t lims Grfi 2d 20, 23 4t r 991 . 111. De e nt a guet tPl i iff ie t e us a ia e a nita i r di sf rcli 5, f nda s r ha antf a ld o xha t val bl dmi sr tve eme e o a ms 7, 9 1 , 2, n 1 , srq ie b 4 U. C. 1 9 e a.8 Thee ha ton r quie e i m a t y , 1 1 a d 7 a e ur d y 2 S. j 9 7 ()1 x usi e r m nt s nda or a d û p le t a1 n t s isa o tp io lf ( ' Po trv. sl, 3 U. 51 , 2 5 2 (0 2 . n ' p is o 1 i mae ut b u rs n ie. ' re Nu se 5 4 S. 6 5 4, 3 2 0 ) a ) t ope e usi de s pr r xha ton mandsc ompla wih a a nc sde i and ot rc ii alpr e al ince t n ge y' adlnes he rtc oc dur r ls' W oodf r v. ue .' od Ngo,5 U. 81 90( 48 S. , 2006) W he aprs prvi ara nitai . n ion o des l dmi srtve gre ncepr dur ,t i a emus fl a g iva r ii apa tc a cli a ptr uei t ough i va oce e he nm t t ie re nce a sng riul r am nd ts t hr a1a alb elveso a p a t û r p rye h us. I .Dio v. c , 91F.d48 4 0 91( t Ci. l v ia l e l f p e l o ç o e l x a t' d; x n Pa e 2 3 5, 9 - 7h r p ' 2002) 1( na nitai r dyi notc i r t ha be na ia ei aprs r t oug no . $A1 dmi srtve eme s onsdeed o ve e valbl f ione ,hr h f tofhi o wa pr ve e fom a lnghi e fofi. M oor v. nne t,51 F. 71 725 aul s wn, s e ntd r vaii ms l t' ' e Be te 7 3d 7, ( h Ci. ) çg l nprs ofi i sprve i tsfom usngt a nitai pr e s... 4t r 2008 . iW he ion tcal e nt nmae r i he dmi srtve oc s , t pr s t e sso pa rbec e unaval bl i r alt ' Ka v.St pp,458 F.d 678 68 he oce s hat xit n pe om s ia e n e iy.' ba e 3 , 4 ( t Ci. 7h r 2006) . 1A Panifc n o u ears ns t amoinfrs rmayj d me tt c re t ekince i ac mpan 7 litf a n t s epo e o to o un r u g n o o rc d t e is n o lit c aln e b ad fn a tsmoinfrs mmayj g n.Cla i e v Mc vt 55 F.d3 4, 36(t Ci. 0 9 . h le g d y ee d n ' to o u r ud me t o nna r . De it 5 3 2 3 4h r2 0 ) , 1 A defndan hast bur n t pr a i ae, f l et e us a lbl ad i sr tverm edis J 8 e t he de o ove n nm t s aiur o xha t vaia e m nitai e e . onesv.Boc k, 5 U. 1 9, 6 ( 0 7 . 49 S. 9 2l 2 0 ) OP 866.,Sofe 1 t f nderGre nc Pr ed e,' ovi est a i sr tver m e esf i aes iva e oc ur 'pr d he dm nitai e di or nm t t r ol c pl i s a ala i sr tvede ii ,a c le epolcesa pr dur .9 o es ve om a nt , ppe dm nita i c sons nd ha lng i i nd oce es1 Be or s itng a g i va ,t i t m us makeagood-aih efo tt i or ly r s vet is f e ubm ti re nce he nma e t f t f r o nf ma l e ol he s ue by s itng an l or Compli f m,whih i a ia e i housng unis l t is i not ubm ti nf mal ant or c s va lbl n i t . f he sue s i onna l r s ved, hei t mus fl ar gul gre nc wihi t ry cae rda fo t dae nf ly e ol t nma e t ie e ar iva e t n hit lnda ys r m he t oft oc re eori i nt2 Regulrg i van sma r e vet eel l ofr vi w . A f ciiy' he cu r nc nc de .0 a re ce y ec i hr eve s e e a lt s W a de orSupe i e ntc r n rnt nde onduc st fr t ç ave 1' e e , nd i t i ei uns tsi d wih t t he is, s e l 'r viw a f he nmat s a ife t he t Le lIde e m i ton, hei a ema a alwihi fveda ofr ceptt Le lI , c i us l ve t r na i t nm t y ppe tn i ys e i o ve l whi h s ualy doneby ar gi na om buds a Formos i s s Le l1 i t fnallve ofr vi w,butf t f w e o l m n. t s ue , ve 1 s he i e l e e or he e i s sa s ue ppeaa et Le l11 t i aem a a a t t De y Die t orDie t oft VDOC lbl o ve 1, he nm t y ppe l o he put r c or r c or he wihi fveda ofr c ptoft Le l1 r po e.21 t n i ys e ei he ve 1 es ns A.Cli 5,9,a 1 aebardby j1 ams nd 2 r re 997e() a. Forc am 5,Pli ifaleg t tsa funlw f ly s r e d fyer Ea agr ' nd o t c e li antf l es ha t f a u l c e ne l s ss oup'a bsnlt d a miitai erme is Plitf fldar g lrgiv nc a o ttefir , u iwa rj ce a itk d n srtv e d e . an if ie e ua re a e b u h le s b t t s ee td t na e f dns fcinti or to ' Pe OP 8 1 saf r t ne t gre nc a ad s Pli ift the or t ufi e nf ma i n. r i ' 66., t f eur d he i va e nd vied antf ha nee t wata fl a g i va a trt PRC dee nedwhe he t tye ss ul be ded o i nd ie re nce fe he tnni t r he l r ho d dia ove .2 N ot ng s s ppr d 2 hi ugge t t tPli tf e use ad i sr tver m e e oncet PRC s s ha a n if xha t d m nitai e di s he d cd dt p o i it efy r.Plitf sp e t r giv n e whihwa rj ce a itk ,sn ta e i e o r h bt h l es an if rmau e re a c , c s ee td t na e i o 1 lis saegre bl e pta 9Al s ue r iva e xce boutpolcis pr dtr ,a de sonsoft Vigi aPa ol Boad;dici i r i e , oce les nd cii he r ni r e r s plnay he rngpe li and/rpr edzale r s saeandf de a c tde sons lws a r ains a ot mater a i nates o oc lr ror ; tt e r l our cii , a , nd egulto ; nd her t s be yondt VD OC' contol he S r . 2 on1 oneis pe r a gre nc m a bead e s . Re a greva st do no m e tt flngr quie ent 0 y s ue r egulr iva e y dr s ed gulr i nce hat t e he ii e rm s ofOP 866. a er m r t t i aew ihi t wor ng da fom t dat ofr ceptwih i tuc i ,whe pos i e, 1 r e ned o he nm t t n wo ki ys r he e e i t nsr tons n sbl a how t i t mayr med a defce a ac oft i a decso i kep i t i e' g ivanc fl bout he nmae e y ny iincy, nd opy he ntke iin s t n he nmat s re e ie. A n i aem a a nm t y ppeala i a de s on by s ndi t greva a t i a d i i n t ar gi ombuds a wihi n nt ke cii e ng he i nce nd he nt ke ec s o o e onal m n tn tveda ofr cept butt r i no frt rr e oft i a deciin. i ys e i , he e s u he eviw he ntke so 2 A Le Ir pons mus be is d wihi t ry da ,andLeve 1 a Le llr s e mus beis d wihi 1 vel cs e t sue t n hit ys l 1 nd vel l e pons s t s ue t n t nt da .Expiai oft tmelmiwihoutis eofar po ea a sa oft pr s a omai ly e ils we y ys r ton he i i t t suanc es ns t ny tge he oce s ut tcal ntte a i a et a lt t nextl l n nm t o ppea o he eve . 2 Pl ntf a aldt it decson t t Re ona Om b m a , whouphel t it de son. 2 ai if ppe e he nake ii o he gi l uds n d he nake cii v l e h u to a dsafsrj cino tep e tr giv n eddn tma a mi itaierme is ai x a sin, n tf ee to f h rmat e re a c i o ke d nsrtv e d e d l unava lbl ia e. Forc am 9,Pli ifaleg t tsa funlw f l e t ateam e pln t tpr bie hi li antf l es ha t f a uly naced r t nt a ha ohi t d m fom pos es i va i publc tonsa r t iton and obsr t a nita i r m e e . The r s sng rous iai s eala i tuced dmi sr tve e di s te t ntpln,whi h pr bied t pos e son ofa rs i ag wasena t d on De e be 1 r a me a c ohi t he s s i ny iqué m e, ce c m r 6, 2011, antf di notfl t r e ntgreva esuntlM a c 201 a t gre nc we epr ry Pl i if d ie he elva i nc i r h 2, nd he iva es r ope l rj ctd a untmey fld.Not ngç ee e s i l ie hi ç beyondPli ifsc r 'prve e Pli iffo tmey antf' ontol' e ntd antf rm i l g ivngt ec ndto sd s rb di tete t n p a , n terj cinso t eu tmeyg iv n e re i h o i n e cie n h rame t ln a d h ee to f h ni l re a c s i di notm a admi sr tver m e est a ia e. d ke nitai e di m va lbl Forcli 1 Pl n ifal ge t tsa funl wf l i t r ptd publcai ,s i e Pl ntf s am 2, aitf le s ha t f a uly n e ce e i tons e z d ai if f miy phot ,obsr c e admi sr tver m e es a c r a c ced Pl i ifofpos es i n l os tu t d nitai e di , nd ha ged nd onvit antf s son ofco r band a r t lai f flng g iva esa t slws t2 Pl i iffld a uns c s u nta s e ai ton or ii re nc nd hi a ui. 3 antf ie n uc es f l r a g iva ea utt c ic t f miy phot ,a Pl ntf di nota a t de son t egulr re nc bo he onfs a ed a l os nd ai if d ppe l he cii o Le 1. Pli ifsa gum e sa enotpe s i t tsa fm a r m e e una ia ea t vel I antf r nt r r uasve ha tf de e di s va lbl nd hat s e ubs quen gr e nce a t i va s boutBoyd' a l ed r t i ton, hi h a s w e e no a al d, us hi s leg e ala i w c l o r t ppe e exc e s f iur t e us t i talgre nc at e o xha t he nii iva e. B. Cl ms7,11 a 1 a enotbardbyj 1 ai , nd 7 r re 997e() a. Forcli 7,Pl ntf al ge t tsa funl wf l bn d c am ai if le s ha t f a uly nne omm e cilpho ogr phs i udi r a t a , ncl ng pho ogr phswih a tc en ,a obsnzt d admi sr tver m e es Pl i iffl a uns es f t a t dul ont t nd t c e nitai e di . antf ied n ucc s ul r gulrgre nc o Aprl5, 2, bo t ba on c e a iva e n i 201 a ut he n omm e c a phot r phs a Pli ifa aed ril og a , nd a ntf ppe l t Le l1de ii t Hi e whouphed t Le l1decson on M a 25, 2.On t Le l1 he ve c son o nkl , l he ve ii y 201 he ve 1 r s ns f r Hi e i or e Pli ift thecoul a e po e o m, nkl nf m d antf ha d ppea t Le I1by M a 30,201 Pli tf l o vel 1 y 2. a n if 2 Pl ntf ' co pl nt a 3 ai if s m ai s boutt di ci i r c c i a e notg i vabl vi OP 8 .1 he s plna y onviton r re e a 66 8 dr td hi a alon J 1 201 an t a a wasalege y notr c ve a Le IIuntlJme afe s ppe une 4, 2, d he ppe l l dl e ei d t vel 1 i t 27,201 l afe t fve- y a 2, ong tr he i da ppea perod e r d. l i xpie Howe ,Pli ifa gue t tt Le l11appe wa tm ey fld bec us hem a ld i on ver antf r s ha he ve I al s i l ie a e ie t J 1 201 whih, t bl w a t da afe he al ge yr c ve t Leve 1 r pons l une 4, 2, c no a y, s he y tr le dl e ei d he l 1 es e. n s uppor oft scai , hee de r veast t i r pons t Pl i ifsi r saf t d hi on J t hi l m t vi nce e l ha , n es e o antf nquiy, t f ol m une 6,201 t tHi e' Le 1 r pons ha be n c e t d on M a 28,201 butose i y i hadno 2, ha nkl s vel 1 es e d e r a e y 2, tnsbl t t y tarve a t ep io b J n 6 2 2 be a s saff rh re p an dt a it i jn tme nta i e ri d t h rs n y u e , 01 , c u e tf u te x lie h tt d d o a h t t dl hasbe pr es e a maied. St f r as ur d Pli ift thet l havea a opra ea mtof en oc s d nd l ' a f e s e antf ha ' s l wi n ppr it mot tmet tk wh tv rse . . e dld t tk . .' Co f sn l Tu n rs i i h rr s o s d td i o a e ae e tps . n e e ) o a e . . n u igy, r e ad n e e p n e ae ' J 13, 2, ha t a a f t sc am waspe ng a Le 1Ir vi w,de piebo h Pli ifs une 201 t t he ppe l or hi l i ndi t vel I e e s t t antf cli t the di notm alt appe lun i J 1 201 a Robi on' lte ca mi t Le lII a m ha d i he a tl une 4, 2, nd ns s e tr li ng he ve I a a wasr e ve on J 27 201 I ye a he doc nt Robi on satd t Pli ifs ppe l ec i d une , 2. n t not r ume , ns t e hat a ntf' uns cii d per r 'f t g i va ewa r ceved o J y 2 a 25,201 Duet t dipa iy pe fed t pa wo k' or he re nc s e i n ul nd 2. o he s rt oft e de a dic e ncesi t VDOC' own r c ds De e nt pr s nty f lt e t bls he vi nce nd s r pa i n he S e or , f nda s e e l ai o sa ih t tPli ifdi no tme y tl t Le lI1a alwihi oneda ofr evi t Le 1 ha antf d t i l ie he ve I ppe t n y ec i ng he vel 1 r S n e2 Se OP 8 6 1jVlD)5 ( emit ga imaefved y fo t d t o rc it oa p a ePO S .4 e 6. ( ( ) p r ti n n t i a s r m he ae f e ep t p e l n agre nc r s ns . iva e epo e) Forcli 11 Pl ntf al ge t tsa funl wf l s z d Pl i ifspr pery,obsr t d am , ai if le s ha t f a uly eie antf o t tuc e adm i s r tve r m e e , a r t laed when Pli iffld al ws t2 Pl i ifs it d ar ul r nit a i e di s nd e ai t antf ie a ui.5 antf ubm te eg a g iv n ea o ttec l s ac bengr tl to , ihwa rj ce a itk a aS e u s f r re a c b u h el e r h i eai in whc s ee td t n a e s ç q e t o a r s r i es:2 1c nno fndt t am 1 i bar byj 1 e v c . ,6 n t i ha cli 1 s red 997ea bec us sa fc ede i t i ake () a e tf onc d n he nt 2 o ue t t e c fz i r or ,D e enda s a e per itd t aga n addr st e usi ofa ia e r 4 o h on tsng ec d f nt r m te o i es he xha ton va l bl emedi sf t s e or hi cam i temoinfrsmmayj d me t e u se i P r l li n h to o u r u g n rq e td n at V. 2 f nt conce t tPl ntf 5Deenda s de ha ai ifexhausedadmi sr tver disa hi pr ry bei s zeddurng ac l t nitai eme e bout s ope t ng ei i el s r h. ea c 2 A lhough De e t alget tPl ntf di no a lt it kedecson,paget e ofPli ifse bi #AL 6 t f ndans le ha ai if d t ppea he n a ii hr e antf xhi t i c t st tPlitf di a landt tt ReginalOm buds a uphedt i a decso ndia e ha anif d ppea ha he o m n l he ntke iin. r s e t tt c e pons ha he ompl i di notf l wihi t s ant d al t n he copeofOP 866. Furhe mor t Reg o l 1. t r e,he i na Om buds n uphel t i a decson on a ma d he nt ke ii ppea ,a t ,t g i va epr s wa nota lbl l nd hus he re nc oce s s vaia e f t c or he ompl i a ant boutr t it y s a c a i i notc e rhow t co pl ntqualfe asaç e s f eala or e r h s t s la he m ai ii d ' que t or r s r i s' e v ce . ' Forc ai 1 Pl i ifa l gest tPRC m e be sunl f l di a oved Pl i if s r c i of l m 7, a ntf le ha m r aw uly s ppr a ntf ' e e pt t Oc obe m ove r201 is ofPl yboy Li re. Def nda sar t tt c am i he t r mbe 2 s ue a nge i e nt gue ha he l i s une use be us Pl ntf ne ra a e t PRC' dia o loft publc ton. Howe r t xha t d ca e ai if ve ppe l d he S s ppr va he i ai ve , he r l va Notfc ton ofPRC Di a ova s cii lyt dPl i ift tt dee m i ton wa ç e e nt ii ai s ppr l pe fca l ol antf ha he tr na i si not s be tt a pe lh o g t Ofe d rGre a c P o e u e' Th s OP 8 6. wa n ta a albe u jc o p a tr u h he fn e iv n e r c d r . u , 6 1 s o n v ia l ' r m e f t s c ai . e dy or hi l m I . V Cli s4,7,8,1 a 18c am 7, nd once n Pli ifsFis Am e e rg swhiei a ce a e r antf rt ndm nt i ht l nc r r t d. Cl i 7 s il a l c am pecfc ly once nsa a l d ba on PSCC i t 'r ceptofc r n lege n nma es e i omm e c a phot a , r i l ogr phs i l ng e otcphot .De e nt di nota es t m e isoft sc am i t rmoton f r ncudi r i os f nda s d ddr s he rt hi l i n hei i o s mmayj g n , n tus t e s alfl amo inf rsz r j d me tt ta d e sst emeis u r ud me t a d h , h y h l ie to o l mma y u g n ha d r se h rt ofcli 7.Afe r e ngt ot rFis Am e e cli a De e am tr eviwi he he rt ndm nt a ms nd f ndant'r s es 1c ude s e pons , oncl t a De e d n sa ee tte t q lfe i nt a ds mmayj d me t o cams4 8 1 , n 1 . h t fn a t r n ild o uaiid mmu iy n u r u g n f r li , , 7 a d 8 l tsç lal r t npr eci afode byt Fis Ame nt.' O' v.Esaeof nmae t e ry eai ot tons fr d he rt ndme ll' Lone c tt S a z , 8 U. 3 2 3 ( 98 ) Ho v r imae ' rt n me trg t mus beb lnc d h ba z 4 2 S. 4 , 48 1 7 . we e,n ts Fis Ame d n ih s t aa e wihprs 'i tt i nalne ofs curt dici i a ge r la i sr ton.I a 349.Thus t ions nsiuto eds e iy, s plne, nd ne a dm nita i d. t , çaprs r ulton t a i si aes co tt i lrgh si ç ld i i i r as bl r lt d t $ ion eg a i hat brdge nm t ' nsiutona i t s vai f t s e ona y ea e o lgii t penol c li e et.' Lovelcev.Lee 472F. 1 1 ( hCi. )( tngTume v. e tmae ogia ntr ss'' a , 3d 74, 99 4t r2006 cii r S te , 8 U. 7 , 4( 9 7 W h t e ar g lto i ra o a l rltdd p n o al y 4 2 S. 8 8 1 8 :. eh r e uain s e s n by eae e e ds n; ( )( l t rt r i aç ld,rto lc ci 'bewe n t prs rgulto or 1 W hehe hee s ç i aina onne ton' t e he ion e ain va acton and t i er t as ed by t govem m ent or whe her t s i er t i fs i he nt es sert he , t hi nt es s to 10 rmoea t rnde t polc abirr orirtonal'( wheher( tr tvemea e t s o e r he iy r ta y rai '; 2) t i enai al ns of e r ii t rght .. r mai ope t prs i aes' a i uiy t t as xe c sng he i . e n n o ion nm t ,' n nq r ha ks br y whe he i t swe ede i d ofa lf r sofr lgi e r ie orwheher oadl t r nma e r prve 1 om ei ous xe c s t t ywee a l t p rii t i o h ro sr a c so t erfih' 3 wh ti a tte he r be o a t pae n t e b e v n e f h i at , ) a mp c h c ( desr a co moda i woul ha on s cziy sa f i aes a t al a i of ied c m ton d ve e lrt t f , nm t , nd he loc ton prs r oures a ()whehe t r exita l ous e y atr tves't t ion es c ; nd 4 t r hee s ny d obvi , as lenai ' o he c le d r ul ton or a ton,whi h m a s ha l nge eg a i ci c y ugge tt ti i ç t r as bl ,bu i s ha t s s e ona e t s no gnse a e gert rs et prs c r . i tadq n xag aed e pons o ion oncens 1 at200( tngTur r 48 U. a 89- .Theprs rhast bur nt dipr t vai t ofa d. cii ne, 2 S. t 92) ione he de o s ove he ldiy p io r g lto p ru n t t Tu n ra ayss Ov ro v. z et, 3 U. 1 6 1 2( 0 3 . rs n e uain u s a t o he r e n l i. e tn Ba z ta 5 9 S. 2 , 3 2 0 ) Pr s a i s r t r a e e il d t def r nce i t i m a ge e ofpe lf ciii . Lovel c 472 i on dm nit a o s r ntte o e e n he r na m nt na a ltes a e, F.d a 1 Fore 3 t 99. xnmpl c t s d notSs ond- s aprs a nitaorsc cea o e, ours houl tec gue s ion dmi sr t ' hoi m ng aler tvepolc e unls a ale a i e sst twoul m e ni u l e nc a i ae' a lt t t na i ii s e s n t m tve xit ha d a ngf ly nha e n nm t s biiy o execiehi c tt i lrght.'Ha ev. ug ,993F. 1 1 (t Ci.1 . r s s onsiutona i s' us Va ht 2d 079, 083 4h r 993) V DO C polc pe m ism e t lhe lh s af t pr bi a i a e spos es i ofa ie i y r t n a a t t f o ohi t n nm t ' s s on n tm ûde e ne t be derme a t ofe rr ha lt tvee f t'ba ed ont i t sç pe ii s t nni d o ti nt l o f nde e biiai fors' s he nma e' ç c fc s c i n g n cf co s' OP 8 32jI O)1-3 .Th imaema a p a ac n ic to b s do s c rmio e i a t r. ' 0 . V( ( )( ) e n t y p e l o fs ain a e n u h ade e mi ton t t PRC. ThePRC i r ponsbl f r vi wi pu i tonss itd fom VDOC t r nai o he s es i e or e e ng blca i ubm te r f ciii t deer ne i t publc tonsa ea o it f i aes pos e son. ThePRC r vi ws a ltes o t mi f he iai r ppr pra e or nm t ' s s i e e publc tonst e ur t y a ei c pla ewih OP 8 2,snc ng Publc tons'by r vi wi ia i o ns e he r n om i nc t 03. Sl omi ia i ,' e e ng ie sbas d on t c ie i s tf rh i OP 803. s ii al whehercont tpr tm e he rtra e o t n 2, pectc ly t en omot sga e nga fla i t ror vi e e,ofdior r whe he con e vi a essa eorf der ll whehe co e fiiton, e r , ol nc s de ' t r t nt olt tt , e a aw; t r nt nt c anss xualy e i tacs i udi s xuala t i vi ai ofsae orf de allw ;o whe he ont i e l xplci t, ncl ng e c s n ol ton t t e r a r t r c n e t h e tn t es ft a s c rt o tei si to Noa y twl e ap rino ap b iain o tn t rae s h a ey nd e u iy f h n tt in. tbl,s h n o t f u lc to u g o i di a oved, he en ie publc ton w ilbe di a ove s s ppr t tr i ai l s ppr d.The e w ilbe no a t m ptt r m o o r l te o e ve r c ns t dia ovedmaeil' OP 803. jI G)9) Publc tonsdia ove byt PRC ae e or he s ppr tra. ' 2 V( ( . iai s ppr d he r c ompie i o aDia ove Publc tonsLit whi sa fca c ul t de a i t sr c ptofa l d nt s ppr d ia i s, ch t f n ons t o ny n nma e' e ei di a oved publca i n wihoutr pe t dl ha ng t s nd t ie t t PRC . s ppr i to t e a e y vi o e he t m o he 11 Pl i iff ist esabls t tt dia oval oft TheGilwih t Dr gon Ta t antf a l o t ih ha he s ppr s he r t he a too, TheAritsCo plt Gui t Fa i lExpr s i ,TheFlntSa t Oct r ovembe 201 is ts' m e e de o c a e sons i ga,he obe m r 2 s ue ofi ayboy Li re,' nd Pa hfnde :Ki M ake -Bl f Bl vi atd t Fis Am e l pl nge i 'a t i r nc r ood or ood ol e he rt ndment . The Gilwih t Dr gon Tatoo' des rpto ofcrm i ls xua vi e e bewe n awoma a he r t he a t s ci in i na e l olnc t e n nd r pr ton of i e s tsi t PR C' r s bl c e nsa oba i f c r a i tes he S ea ona e onc r boutpr ve i m a e i l des r bi il l e ntng t r a s c i ng lega s xualbe vi a pr otngvi e ea d s r . e ha or nd om i olnc nd i o der Boyd, heSe o Ps hol s a PSCC, s ppr ve Pli ifspos es i ofTheArits t ni r yc ogit t dia o d antf s son ts ' Com pl t G ui t Fa i Expr s i ns a a vi a i ofhi t e t e pl n. By is l , ac als c s of e e de o c al e s o s ol ton s r a m nt a t e f f i ket he young gil s m i uous Howeve ,lbe k fom t r or i t sc e a viw t bo i t rs ee nnoc . r net r he ec d n hi as nd e he ok n he con e ofPli if sc i e a be ori prs I wa r a ona ef Boyd t dialow pos es i t xt antf rm s nd havi n ion. t s e s bl or o s l s son ofa book t tma pr m ot de a be or by tac ngPl i ifho t dr w yot gil,smia t ha y o e vint havi s e hi antf w o a mg rs i lr o Pl i if sha dr w n s t he ofyou f m al s e a ntf nd- a ke c s ng e e ngagi i gr p s x.2 Si lry, hede al of ng n ou e 7 mia l t ni s TheFlntSa i Aprl201 a t Oc o r ove be 201 is ofç a i ga n i 2 nd he t bem m r 2 s ue s yboyLi re' nAprl pl nge i'i i 201 wer r as bl r r e sofwhehe t iemswe e on t PRC' Dia ove Publc ton 3 e e ona e, ega dl s t r he t r he S s ppr d iai Lit i lg oft i hi y-e lco e , her lvantpr bii de crbed i Pli tf ste t nt s, n i ht he r ghl s xua nt nt t ee ohi ton s i n a n if r a me pl , a Pl i if sobs i t r f alt c onn t t t e t e pl n.8 an nd a ntf tna e e us o onf o he r a m nt a 2 Pahfnde : ngM a r-Bl f Bl an a lge r e pl ng book t woul c an t i r Ki ke ood or ood, le d ol- ayi hat d ont i nume o ac onym sa combi to ofl te a numbe s wasa d t t PRC' Dia oved r us r nd nai ns e tr nd r, dde o he S s ppr P bl ainsLitf rb i ( tra wrte o c mmu c tdi c d o wrte i afr in( o u i to s o eng t eil itn r o niae n o e r i n n o eg n n c ma t Engls lng ot rt n Engls orSpa s ' Coli , fr rPRC c nna avest tt ih) a uage he ha ih nih. lns a o me ' hai n, r ha he r g lto p o btn mae il itni c d o i af rin ln ua ei n c sa yb c u ette e u ain r hiiig tra m te n o e r n o eg a g g s e e s r e a s 'h l l 2 J tast ublnga derment t hi te men woul bePli ifr lvi hi c i by c a ng hi el e gi 7 us w i nd ti al o s r at t d antf e-i ng s rmes l wi ms f nga ng r i s xua ac sw ih hi vi tm s n e l t t s ci . 2Th PRCdtr n dta tePly yisecnan da lato deito o oa sxa ta vj jj s g 8 e eemie hth abo su o tie tes ne jcin r rle nd ht w rj a a ju c ai mae ilt emphaszese li orgr phi de ci ordes rpto ofs xuala s i u ng,butnotlmied ont ned tra hat i xplct a c pitons ci lns e ct,ncldi i t t bonda s ditc,ma oc si,orot rvi e acsi t cont ofs xualaci t i vi ai ofOP 8 2.Pli if o, ge, a si s hitc he olnt t n he ext e tviy, n olton 03. antf tldac p o j s o epitr fom t Ply o ma a ie whc s o an k dwo nwihe po e b e ssa d se o y fu t n cu e r he a b y g zn , ih h ws a e ma t x sd rat n ge t la. nia i 1 2 VDOC doe notha t r s c st ta lt e h publc ton t c ansa f r gn l s ve he e our e o r nsa e ac ia i hat ont i o ei angua t ge hat c e i o af c lt whih co d be om s nt a iiy c ul come as urt is i t i onnai n c nnotbe ve ii d a ec iy s ue f he nf to n rfe s a oprae f rt f iiy. Ther gulton i r tonaly r aed t t prs si er s t efi i l ppr i t o he aclt ' ' e a i s a i l elt o he ion' nt e t o tcenty alocae s r er s ur e a pr ve unknown,pos i y dinz i m ae il fom dis m i tng i o l t ca c e o c s nd e nt sbl s ptve tra s r s e na i nt t imaepo lto Se . . , pa l v. lmi g 4 4F. p' 1 0 1 0( t Ci. 01 ) he n t puain. e ec.De oa F e n , 7 Ap x 2 , 2 4h r 2 2 ( fi ui dsrc c u ti dngt a t i rg lto a disrto aed n tvo aet eFis afn ng itit o r fn i h t h s e u ai n n t ain l o o ilt h rt Amendme ) VDOC ofi asha algii t i ees i mai ai ngs eya or rwihi t nt. fcil ve e tmae ntr t n nt ni aft nd de t n he i tt i Se Hodg v. r ni 8 F. pp.873,876( . Va 1 (i ngt ts urt nsiuton. e es Vigi a, 71 Su W D. . 994) fndi ha ec iy, d s iln , r e , u i s ft a rh b l ainitrssn e n d fn e ,e do oh rc o n s icp ie o d r p bl a ey, nd e a ii to ne et e d o ee s ) rv' n t e r u d , c t M ont l PublCop . Be 80F.d 1 ( hCi.1 .Prs ofi asdonotne dt watf a cam . v. ck, 3 05 4t r 996) ion fcil e o i or pari a dir pton t oc urbef et c n t ker s bl me ur t a t i. l t a tculr s u i o c or hey a a ea ona e as es o ba e t nse d, S es i eprs ofi i smus be pe ted t t r as bl se t f e tl s h at ea ,a ç ponsbl ion fcal r t nnit o ake e ona e tps o or sa l uc hr t nd t y mus be pe m it d t ac be o et tm ewhe t y c n compiea dos iro t e ofarot' he t r te o t f r he i n he a l se n he ve i . ' J n sv. C. io es La o Uno 43 U. 1 9 1 2 3 ( 9 7 .Ev nwi o t c e st t s o e N. Prs n r ' b r in, 3 S. 1 , 3 - 3 1 7 ) e t u a c s o hi h pa tc a r e pl yi boo Pli ifr t i at r i me ofobt i ng a ce st i or ton a ri ulr ol- a ng k, antf e ans le natve ans ani c s o nf ma i nd i ast ough many o he publc i t tt VDOC woul a l hi t r c i Pl n ifdoesnot de hr t r iatons ha he d low m o e e ve. aitf expl i a tobvi ,e y ale nai s' t , e titng Pl ntf pos e son ofPa hfnde :Ki an ny d ous as tr tve'and hus r src i ai ips s s i t i r ng M ake -Bl f Bl doesnotvi a et Fis Am e r ood or ood olt he rt ndmen be us ç e po i e e re d t ca e l s nsbl, xpe ince r a mi srtr h v d tr n d,nt ers u ddic ei n t a s c ( traswrte i c d ) l d nitao s a e eemie i h i o n sr to ,h t u h maeil itn n o e wil j o a dz t esc i oftefclt ' Blc v. t ef r , 6 U. 5 6 5 6( 9 4 . e p r ie h e urt h a ii ' o k Ru h ro d 4 8 S. 7 , 8 1 8 ) y y. Alhough t r mai ng ca msa lgevi a i off de a l w, antf f ist et ri ntf t he e ni li le oltons e r l a Pl i if a l o ihe de iy apr ecedi ers ors fcintysaeacli a tonabl vi 42U. C.j 1 Ac r ngl ot t nt e t ufi e l tt am ci e a S. 983. co di y, De e d n saee tte t q ai e i ni a s mmayj g n fra1rmann cams e c p fn a t r n ild o u lt d mmu t nd u r ud me t o 1 e iig li , x e t i y f t r t lai n cl ms f t f l ng r s . or he e aito ai , or he olowi ea ons Pli ifr pe t dl ct sDe enda s f iur t c antf e a e y ie f nt ' a l es o ompl wih sae lws pr e es or y t t t a , oc dur , c t s buts h a a us ton f ist sa ea a tona e c am .A cai t tprs n ofii sha usom , uc n cc a i a l o tt n ci bl l i l m ha io fcal ve notf l d t i own i pe ntpolcesorpr dtr sdoe notsa ea c tt i na cli . See olowe her nde nde ii oce ze s tt onsiuto l am UntdS ae v Ca e e , 4 U. 7 , 5 5 ( 9 8 ; c i v. t ofF ifx 9 7F.d 1 5 , ie tts . c rs 4 0 S. 41 7 2- 5 1 7 ) Rico Cny. ara , 0 2 4 9 1 6 ( t Ci. 9 0 ( o dn ta i saelw g a t mo ep o e u a rg t t a t Co si to 4 9 4 h r 1 9 ) h l ig h t f tt a r n s r r c d r l ih s h n he n tt in u r uies asae' f llet a debyt tlw i notafde a duepr es is ) eq r , tt s aitr o bi ha a s e rl oc s sue. Pl i ifsc le antf ha lnged i tt i ldici i r c ci r ule i t l sofr c eai n a nsiutona s plna y onvi tons es t d n he os e r to nd tl eephoneprviege . Be us t l soft eprvie do noti ia eapr pe t orlbe t i l s ca e he os hes i lges mplc t o ry i ry i e e t t Four e nt Am e nt r s , he te h ndm e pr e tons de c i i W ol fv.M c onnel, 8 U . 539,557nt ot c i s rbed n f D l 41 S. 5 ( 9 4 , r n ti lc tda ter lva t n ttto a h ai g .Tot ee e tPlitf f retd 8 1 7 ) we e o mp iae t h ee n i si in l e rn s u h xtn an if o fie conta nd,t r co d r ve st tPli ifwa a f de a nce wrten notc oft cai d r ba he e r e al ha antf s for d dva d it i e he l me vi ai ns dic os eofa r ee de ;t opport t t calwine s sa pr s ntr lva olto ' s l ur , dve s vi nce he tmiy o l t s e nd e e ee nt e de e e e whe de enda Bandy,t i ri he rng ofk e ,f und good c us t e l vi nc xc pt n f nt he mpa tal a i t r o a e o xcude ir e nte de e;a am it n sa e ntoft f c sa e de er i upo a t r s nsf relva vi nc nd te t t me he a t nd vi nc eled n nd he ea o or t dicplna y aci t ke .2 Pli ifsuns he s i i r ton a n 9 a ntf uppored c l i n t tBa wa no i pa ta i not t oncuso ha ndy s t m ri l s e ildt a a s to oft t Se ec.BelAt.Co . Twombl 55 U. 544,555( ) ntte o n sumpin nzh. es . , l l m v. y, 0 S. 2007 (e og zi apli ifsba i f rle rquie mor t nl l a concuso ) Eveni iwe e rc ni ng antf ss or eif e r s e ha abes nd l ins. ft r, ter c r i cu n Plitf so sae n s r v ast a mo eta j s S o e ie c ' h e o d,n ldig anif wn ttme t,e e l h t r h n u t t me v d n e' s e t ihe Pl i ifpos es e conta sabls d antf s sd r band a vi a e t t r soft team e pl n. Se se. s nd olt d he e m he r t nt a e g. 2 Event oughno r r d byW olf t VD OC a to ly alowsaprs nera a i sr tvea lf ea h 9 h t equie f, he ddiinal l io n dm nitai ppea or c co c i whi Pl ntf as a l hi el.1not t tPl ntf doe no ale t thedi notr ceveawrten nviton, ch ai if lo vaied ms f e ha ai if s t lge ha d e i it s ummay oftndi f t Oct r9,201 dicplnar he i orwasde edt asitnceofa adviorort a lt r i ngs or he obe 2, s i i y arng ni he ssa n s he biiy t c lawi e s Am. mpl! l 2 1 , 8 Ex T, .1 5 o al t s. Co . ! 1 - 6 1 0, . p , . n 1 4 Supe i e nt M a s Cor . ns . H il472U. 445, rnt nde . s . r l t v. l, S. 455- ( 985 .Furhemor dici i r 56 1 ) t r e, s plnay - pr ee ngst tuli ael t r naed i Pli if sf vorca oc di ha tm t y e mi t n antf a nnotco tt eaduepr s vi a i nsiut oce s olton. TheUnie St t Consiuton doe note td aes tt i s nume a ea f me a prva y rght a t r t undn nt l i c i , nd he Supr m e Cou ha ne rpr a m e a S ne a cons iutona rghtt prva ' W hal n v. e rt s ve ocl i d ç r l ge tt i l i o i cy.' e Roe, 429 U. 5 9 6 7 0 ( 9 7 ( twa qJ, o c ri ) we e, h Su r meCo r h sh l t a a S. 8 , 0 - 8 1 7 ) Se r .c n u rng .Ho v r t e p e u t a ed h t n i a edoesnotha a e c a i ofprvac i hi prs celbe a eprs a nita o sne t nm t ve n xpe t ton i y n s ion l c us ion dmi sr t r ed o e s r s c rt wih nt ep io Hu s nv Pame, 6 U. 5 7, 2528(98 ) Ac odngy n u e e u iy ti h rs n. d o . l r 4 8 S. 1 5 - 1 4 . c r i l, Pli ifsc ant a prs saf r ae y s rhi hi c l warntnorle vi j1983. antf ompli s bout ion t f epe tdl eac ng s el ra eif a Ale tonst tVigi aprs ofi il i t ntona l orneglge l de i d a i t of lga i ha r ni ion fca s n e i ly i nty prve n nma e pr pe t whiea tng outi t s opeofofi alpolc orc t do no sa ea co tt i l o ry l c i sde he c tci i y usom t t t ny nsiutona cl m bec us t Vigi aTo tCli Ac, r i aCod j8. - 95. i ame ni f posai a e he r ni r ams tVigni e 01 1 3,s a ng ul t deprvai rme Huds v.Pame,468U. 51 533(98 ;Pa rt v.Ta or 451U. 527 i ton e dy. on l r S. 7, 1 4) rat yl , S. ( 9 )( v m z dt ir lv n p r ) Da il v. ila , 7 U. 3 7, 3 - ( 98 $.Alo, 1 81 o e l q ree a t a t. nes W l ms 4 4 S. 2 3 0 31 1 6 e . y i s a pos- prva i n,d pr es he i wa no ne s a y a trPli tf tans e r d t f miy phot t tde i to ue oc s arng s t ce s r fe a n if r f re he a l os o s m e o sdet VDOC be us t sa edi notc ic t t pr ry. o one ut i he ca e he t t d onfs a e he ope t Alho h Pl i ifc t ug antf ompli aboutt c tonsofc i a ns he ondii onfneme i t SLU, nt n he none oft he c tonshe e re ed i a aypi la sg fc ha ds p i r l to t t or na y i de sof ondii xpe i nc s n t ca nd i niiant r hi n e ai n o he di r nci nt prs lf orgi rs t t pr e ton oft Foure nt Am e ion ie ve ie o he ot c i he te h ndmen ' Due Pr s Cl us by isown ts oce s a e t f re S e eg, v rt v. mi 1 0F.d5 0 5 2( t Ci.1 9 ) Plitf d e n t a ea o c . e . ..Be eai S t 2 3 0 , 0 4h r 9 7 . an if o s o h v h, c tt i lrghtt bepl c d i as c fcs urt cl sfcai a c t a cas ik ai nsdo not onsiutona i o a e n pe ii ec iy as ii ton, nd usodil l st to ce t amao d su to i ap io rse vr n n .S n i v. n e, 5U. 47 48 - 7( 9 ) r ae j r ir pi n n rs ne ' n io me t a d n Co n r 51 S. 2, 6 8 1 95 . Plitf as d e n t a af d rlrg t op io p iie e l ap io j b c mmis r , anif lo o s o h ve e ea ih t rs n rv lg s i ke rs n o , o s ay r ecreaton,vi iaton,orgeneralpr s pr am m i Seese. ,M adi v.Par ,104 F.3d 765,768 i st i i on ogr ng. g. son ker ( h Ci.1 ,Bulerv.UniedStt Bur uofPrs ,65F. 48,50& n. (t Ci.995) 5t r 997) g . t aes ea ions 3d 3 5h r1 , . 15 Stiklrv.W aes 989F. 1 1 1n. (t Ci.1 3) Mp t v. le,438F.Supp.11 11 rc e tr, 2d 375, 38 7 4h r 99 9 hie Kelr 0, 5 ( M d 1 7 ) afd, 8 F.d91 ( t Ci.1 7 )( e c ra . D. . 9 7 , f 5 8 2 3 4h r 9 8 p r u im) Pl ntf doe notha aco tt i lrghtt a c sa g i va s t m .Adn sv. c 40 ai if s ve nsiutona i o c es re nce yse m Rie, F.d7 , 4( t Ci.1 9 ) Alo ta s p ro ' a trt efc d nil fag iva c ( r ep ns t a 3 2 7 4h r 9 4 . s ,ç ) u e irs fe -h -a t e a o re n e o r s o e o l ltejf l frs o t fe tb ihn j1 8 la ii ' De a l v. y No. :2 v 01 9, 01 U. etr al a h r o sa ls ig 9 3 iblt ' p oa Ra , 7 1 c 0 3 2 3 S. s y. Dit LEXI 11 8 a * 201 W L 4451 a *8( . Va.J y22,201 ( r ntM ... s. S 71 2, t 23, 3 236, t W D. ul 3) Sage , J) Furher e,s vior la lt unde j 1 ma notbeprdiae ont t r ofr s t mor uper s y ibiiy r 983 y e c td he heo y epondea t s ror Se M onelv. p' ofSoc.Se vs,436U. 658,663n. ( 978) Fihe v. ahi t upe i . e l De t r . S. 7 1 ; s r W s ncon M er Ar Tr iAut .690F. 11 11 43( h Ci.1 .Cons que l Pli ifs to. ea anst hor, 2d 33, 42- 4t r 982) e nty, antf num e ousc am sa uthow De e r l i bo f ndan sr s nde t hi g i va sa a a sa t tDe e nt t e po d o s re nce nd ppe l nd ha f nda s fusrt hi a e st OP 866. d notsaeacli a tona evi j 1 r taed s cc s o 1o tt am ci bl a 983. Alhough Pl n ifcompl i a t aitf ans boutde e son,abi a condii a s itc- r pan, pr s i polr ton, nd ca i ne ve i he ac knowl st te c oft e ma a esi bei a es e vi c ula i wih media pe s nne edge ha a h hes l di s ng ddr s d a ons t tons t c l ro l o d u s Th fc t a t s c n iinsfu taeh sa l y$oply s o t o d mao a tvte 'd s r r g . e a t h the e o d t r srt i bit % a p rs r o j r ciiis' oe o i no sa ea Ei h Am e t tt n ght ndmentcli f c u a t ua punihme a i tDef nda s a m or r el nd mus l s nt ga ns e nt . I c am 1 Pli ifaleg hi rghtt a ce st c t wasvi aedbe aus apolcy n l i 4, antf l es s i o c s he ours olt c e i pr ve e Pl ntf fom physc l r ti vi 1 w lbr r m a e i swhiehous d i t SLU .3 e nt d ai if r ialy ere ng a i a y t ral l e n he 0 l t sha ac tt i lrg t r s bl a e st c t t c le t i c c i or nma e ve onsiutona iht o ea ona e cc s o ours o ha lnge her onvitons vi c t t rc tt i lrght.Boundsv.Smih, 0U. 81 838( 977) Howe r i tsdo ndiae hei onsiutona i s t 43 S. 7, 1 . ve ,nmae notha a f ee t ndi rghtt a 1 w lbr r or l galas it nce Le i v. ey,51 U . 343,351 ve r s a ng i o a i a y e s s a . w s Cas 8 S. ( 9 6 .I se d prs no fcasmus p o d aG a blt o b i i gc n e ltd g n rvoo s 1 9 ) n ta , io fiil t r vie é pa ii f rngn o tmp ae no fi lu l c y c lnge t s ntnc sorc tonsofco i me befr t c t.'J a 356.TheSuprme hale s o e e e ondii nfne nt oe he ours' . t z e 3 I t d ofphysc l a es i t prs lw lbrr , Pl ntf r que t s ver mae i sa atmebywrtng l l 0 nsea ialy cc sng he ion a i a y ai if e sed e al tral t i ii ega ctto on af m t ther mr t aunimana r Thef m wa f wa dedt i t lw-i ay ce kswho rtive iains or ha e ned o t ge . or s or r o nmae a lbr r lr ere d t ie s i pos i e,a ha t matral dei r t t SLU . he tm , f sbl nd d he e i s lveed o he 16 Cour i Le sdl f)it prs ofi ast dee mi how bes t e ur t ti ts... vea tn wi telt t o ion tcil o tr ne t o ns e ha nmae ha r as bl a e ona y dequa eopporuniy t fl nonfi ousl lcli sc le ngt i c c i or t t t o ie rvol ega am ha lngi her onvitons c ndto so c ni e n ll a dn tdta tti ta c pa ii rt e t ntec p bit o tr i o i n f o fn me t,' n o e h t t s h t a blt ah r ha h a a l y f u nng i ' i y, i page i al w lbr r t ti t t hso 'ofaconsiutonalrghtt a ce sc urs s n a i a y, ha s he ouc t ne' tt i i o c s o t. Pl i ifa antf cknowl dges a t r or c im s t tPl i ifa e s d nume o prs l e , nd he ec d onfr , ha antf cc s e r us ion awlbr r r our e fom i t 1 clr vi t ciai n m ehod a a s co ule wih a lce ed i a y es c s r nma e aw e ks a he t to t nd lo ns t d t i ns at ne whoasit imae ,purua t Vigni Codej53.- Eve i a tont t a lt t tor y sss n ts s nt o r i a 140. n n ddii o he biiy o r eyac es lw lbrr r o c s Shes r ceoft atr yl a ntdbyt Stt t asit emotl c s a i ay es ur e ,k evi t he to ne ) ppoi e he ae o ss p io r c mp idwihter q ie n so Bo n . Al ndv Da s 6 9F.d 1 6, 0 0( t rs nes o le t h e urme t f u ds' mo . vi, 3 2 08 1 9 4h ' Ci. 98 ) Co s q e ty Plitf fist etb ihta ad f n a td ne hi r ao a l a c s t r 1 1 . n e u n l, anif al o sa ls h t e e d n e id m e s n be c e s o cours. t Furhe t nnor t rgh ofr as na e a c st c t S sa ilr t t unde l ng cli , e, he i t e o bl c es o ours t ncla y o he i ryi am wih u wh c apan ifc l th v s fee ij r b b i s u o to c u t,'a daplitf mus t o t ih litf amo a e u f rd n u y y eng h t u f o rlq' n an if t s ii a l i iy anon-rvol uslgalcai t ta de e pecfc ly dentf fi o e l m ha f ndantsa tonspr ve e hi fo ' ci e nt d m r m ltgai Chrsophe v. r uy,536U. 403, 5- 6( ii tng. it r Habt' S. 41 1 2002) Thi rquie ntmea t tn t . s e r me ns he l mae i mus comef wa d wih s ehi mor t n vaguea c l or a lga i ofi nve e or t or r t om t ng e ha nd oncus y le tons nco nince deay i hi i tga i orpr e uton ofl ga a tons ...Thef c t ta i aem a notbe a et l n s nsi ton os c i e l ci . a t ha n nm t y bl o l iaei e a t t ema n rh d sr si n ts fiin t d mo srt tea t ln u yee n o a i g t n x cl h n e e e ie s o u fce t o e n tae h cua ij r lme t f n t y a es t co t cl m v Godf ey v.W as ng on Cnt . a. She i f N o. 06- v- 87,2007 U . cc s o ur s ai ' ' r hi t y. V s r f , 7: c 001 S. DitLEXI 6051 a * 2007W L 2405728,a *1 ( . Va. s. S 9, t 39, t 3 W D. Aug.17, )( k,J) 2007 Tur .. Pl n ifcompl i t thi a lged fusr t physc a e st t 1w lbr r durng hi aitf ans ha s le r taed ial cc s o he a i a y i s ni t da say i t SLU c us d hi t f f ta c ai t t a i a e t o- a s a ut of ne y- y t n he a e m o or ei l m o he pplc bl w ye r t t e lm ia i . l plci i t ta gtm e i t f c t tt f f ie c a m a c ue m or t n t o ye r i t tons m i t n ha r l nt s he a t ha he or e t d l i c r d e ha w as be or hefl d t saci Pli ifdoesnota es how Ha mond,W al Young,Hi e,Ga m a f e ie hi ton. antf ddr s m z, nkl r n, 17 A . bi o a Cl r i e f r d wih Pl ntf sa lt t fl s ta Ro ns n, nd ake nt re e t ai if biiy o ie ui boutt c am d i t t he l i urng he woyea lm ia i pe i whih r n bot be or and a rPl i ifsni t da sa i t SLU. r i ttons rod, c a h f e he antf ne y- y t y n he La ty,Pl i if s Am e s l a ntf nded Com pl nta i tD e enda si r pl t w ih a us tonsof ai ga ns f nt s e e e t cc a i r tl to ld frd s osto o Plitf se ha se camso rt l to t i1n a l t a j iae eai in. ee ip iin f anif x u td li f eai in mtl m be o dudc t a a cai 7.See e. , ms 40F. a 75(e nii rt itonmus ha occ rdwihr r t t lm s g.Ada , 3d t rcog zng ealai t ve ure t egad o he e ecs o s mec n ttto l p oe tdrg to tertlao ya to is l voltds c arg t. x r ie f o o si inal r tce ih r h eait r cin tef i ae u h ih) u y V I. Fo t ef r g igra o , d n De e d n s moin frs mmayj d me ta t cam 7a d r h o e on e s ns I e y fn a t' to o u r u g n s o li n die tte t fl amo inf rs mma yj d me t d n Dee d n s moin frsl r j d me t rc h m o ie to o u r u g n ; e y fn a t' to o l mmay u g n wih u prj d c a t P an ifse h use camso rtlaind et t ep n e c o cam 7 a d t o t eu ie s o litf x a td li f eaito u o h e d n y f li , n g a t h moin frs mmayj dg n a t al te cams r n t e to o u r u me t s o l oh r li . ENTER: hsl c dyo Spe e,04 T i . a f etmbr2 1. Se o Unie Stt DititJ ni td a es src udge 18
]]>
Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You
should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google
Privacy Policy and
Terms of Service apply.
