Hockman v. Baskerville, No. 7:2013cv00240 - Document 41 (W.D. Va. 2014)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Michael F. Urbanski on 1/30/2014. (tvt)

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CLERKS OFFI U.S.DI COURT CE SI AT ROANOKE, VA Fl ED L I THEUNI S N TED TATESDI CT COURT STRI FO R TH E W EST ER N D I STR I T O F V I G I A C R NI R O A N O K E DIV I O N SI J 30 2 1 Ah 29 J J t ' Ey ULj , ' i BY; D O N NA J.H O CK M AN , Pe ii ner tt o , C i lAct on N o.7: cvvi i 13- 00240 V. M EM O R AND U M O PI I N ON PH Y LLI BA SK ERV I S LLE, R es pondent. By: H on. i hae F.Urbans M c l ki Uni St es Di t ctJudge ted at s ri D onna J. oc a a Vi g ni i m a epr e di pr K ,fl d a pe ii f a wr tof H km n, r i a n t oc e ng o e tton or i . ha asc pus purua t 28U. C.j225 c lngi he c ci e ee byt Cic t be or , s nto S. 4, hale ng r onvitons ntr d he rui Cour ofRoc ngha Count Re po ntfl d a m oton t di m i s a Pe ii rr s nded, t ki m y. s nde ie i o s s , nd ttone e po m a ng t m a t rrpe f di poston. A Re r vi w i t r c d,t c tv a sRe ponde ' ki he te i or s ii r e e ng he e or he our nt s nt s moton t dim isbe a ePeii rpr e al de a t d a 1butt oft i tnt240ha a i o s s c us ttone oc dur ly f ule l wo he nsa be s c am sa t t r m ani cli sdono e il he t r lef l i nd he wo e i ng am t ntte r o e i . 1. A j r fu dPei o e g it o frtd g e mu d ra du i gafr am i t e u y o n tt n r uly f is- e r e r e n sn ie r n h i co mison ofm ur rf f t ly s i he boyfi nd,de piehe a gu e st ts a t i m si de or a al hootng r re s t r r m nt ha he ced n s l dee eanddee eofhe s TheCic tCour flowe t j y' s ntnci ef fns fns r on. rui t ol d he ur s e e ng r co mendai a s nt nc peii rt lf i io e pl t e yea s e m ton nd e e ed ttone o ie mprs nm nt us hr e r . On die a a t t Cour ofAppe l ofVigi a, tto ra gu t tt e de r ct ppe l o he t as r ni Pe ii ne r ed ha he vi nce wa i ufi i ntt s t i he c ci ns t tilc te r d i de ng apr tilm oton f ra s ns tc e o usan r onvi to ; he ra our r e n nyi era i o c i nce a t tilc te r d by ad itng e de fom awines a ontnua ' nd he ra our re , m ti vi nce r t s boutawage f r or s xua f vo sbet e n Pettone a t vi tm . The Cour ofA ppea s ofV igi a c i r d e la r w e ii r nd he c i t l r ni ons de e a de e t me isoft s cams a t Supr meCour ofVigi arj t t a a nd nid he rt he e li , nd he e t r ni eeced he ppe l c i tng oft s m e c a m s ons s i he a li . RK Peii rs eq n l fld a236- 1i s aeha speii m o K wih t Cic t ttone ubs ue ty ie c am t t bea tton t he r ui Cout whi h dimis d t petton onJ nuar 6,201 vi aone pa or r Be us t or r r c s s e he ii a y 2, a - ge de . ca e he de di noti ntf t s t e oft c a m s o co a n fndi off ds c l i ofl w , or d de i y he ubsanc he l i r nt i i ngs a , onc us ons a s ii ra onsf t de a ofe c cam a rquie byVigi aCodej8. - B)5 ,t pecfc e s or he nil a h li s e r d r ni 01654( () he Ci c tCo te e e a ne o de o Ja r 1 201 t tvac t d t o r ge di m i s l r ui ur nt r d w r r n nua y 8, 2, ha a e he ne pa s sa or r Thats m e da t Ci c tCour a s e e e a s c de . a y, he r ui t l o nt r d e ond,t ry- nepa or rt t hi t ni ge de ha dim is t peii be u e t c am swe epr e al de a td orm e ils . s s e he tton ca s he l i r oc dur ly f ule rte s Pe ii rss e ntpetto f a a t t Supr me Cour ofVigi a ls e s n ttone ' ubs que iin or ppe l o he e t r ni it d eve en e a e cli s ea h des rbi how t Cic tCour e r d i onl t ha a pr ee ng. um r t d am , c c i ng he r ui t re n y he be s oc di Thesve e e n numeae camsweeprce dbyt une r t f e d,Ã§g ttone) rtd li r e de he nume aed or wor Ã»peii r r i po a e a1pr vi cam slsedi t orgi lHa a a Supplm e t t Ha a encor r t s l e ous li it n he i na be s nd e nt o he be s Petton,a e r . The Supr m e Cour ofVi gi a r f ed t a a ,notng, ii s r or' ' e t r ni e us he ppe l i Ã» t upon r viw oft r c d i t sc e a c i r ton oft a gu e s e e he e or n hi as nd onsde ai he r m nt ubmit d i s te n uppor t o g a t t ea pe lt Co r i o o i o t r i n rv ril er ri tej d me t f r ni h p a,he u t s f pnin hee s o e e sb e ro n h u g n ng co ane of' Hocc nv. bbs No.1 mpli d . ' lma Ho , 20567,si o a 1( Nov.1 201 .Peii r lp p. t Va. 5, 2) ttone a gue i apdii f r hea i t tt Cio tCour e r d by i tal i s ngt smpl one r dn ton or e rng ha he r ui t re nii ly s ui he i e, pa de a ofhe 232- 1 i ha aspeii TheSupr m eCo tofVigi ade e t peii n ge nil r c am be tton. e ur r ni ni d he tto f rr he i a t Supr m eCo toft UniM St t deci d t is awrtofc ri a i o e arng, nd he e ur he t aes lne o s ue i e tor r. lI . A. A f de a c r t a notgunta wrtofha a c pust ape ii ne i sat c t e r l ou t Ã» y m i be s or o tto r n t e usody unls t peiinerha trte use g .)saerme e bypr s ntngghe camst t e s he tto s is xha td . . tt e dis e e i t ) li o he hi tsaec t' Ba rv.Co c a 22 F.d 276,288( hCi.2000) Anex use cli ghes tt our. ke ' r orn, 0 3 4t r . ha td am 2 i onet ti f il pr entd t t sae' hi s c tm e ni t tt es e i ll lt o i s ha s ary es e o he t t s ghe t our, a ng ha he s nta ega he res a f cua a lga i a nce i f de a c ta et s me a t epr s ntd t t hi hes nd a t l le tons dva d n e r l our r he a s hos e e e o he g t saec t Pr etv. tt our. u t Thomps 771F.Supp.1 1 ( D.Va.1 ) afd,996F. 1 on, 428, 436 E. 991, f 2d 560 ( hCi.1 )(ii Piadv. 4t r 993 ctng c r Connor 40 U. 270, 76( 971 , 4 S. 275- 1 :. Peii ra gue t t Supr m eCo tofVigi aon die ta a t tt e de e wa ttone r d o he e ur r ni r c ppe l ha he vi nc s i uf i ntt s t n he c ci a t tt Cic tCour' de a ofapr ti lm o i f a ns sc e o usai r onvi tons nd ha he i ui ts nil era ton or co i nc wase r .Cons que l t s t i tntha asc am sa ee use Howe r ntnua e ror e nty, he e wo nsa be l i r xha t d. ve , Pe ii ne di notpr s ntanyot ri tntha a c am t t Supr m eCour ofVigi avi tto r d ee he nsa be s l i o he e t r ni a di e ta a . r c ppe l I t a alt t Supr m e Cour ofV igi a f om t ha spr e i Pettone n he ppe o he e t r ni r he bea oc ed ng, ii r pr s ntds ne e e e eve numeae camsafe wrtnghe fr wor Ã§g ttone )r i omortsa1 rtd li tr ii r o e d,tpeii r enc ae 1 pr vi c a m sls e i t orgi lH a s a Suppl m e t t H a asPe ii n, as error., e ous l i it d n he i na bea nd e nt o he be tto ,1 Pe Vigi al w,t Supr Cour ofVigi aco i r onl t ee r spr e e i r r ni a he eme t r ni nsde s y hos ror es nt d n a sgn nso er r e Va S . . 5:7c ()i-i ) Ye tsv. ra , 49Va 28 , 9 si me t f ro .S e . up Ct R. 1 ()1()(i ; at Mu r y 2 i . 5 2 091 455S. 2d 1 21( 995) Anasi me ofer mus lls,ceal a c iel a , E. 8, 1 . sgn nt ror ttit l ry nd oncs y nd w ihoute r ousa gu e , he s c tc e si t r lngsbel upon whi h t pa t t xt mw r m nt t pe ii nor n he u i ow c he ry itn st r l. Va Su . . 5 1 ()1.F rh r r ,h a sgn n so er rmu t n e d Ã¨ ey' . p CtR. -7 c( ) u temo e t e si me t f ro s ' . t r s t fndi ornzi i t tilco torot rti lfom whi h a a t e s he i ngs add lngs n he ra ur he rbuna r c n ppea i t ke ' l s a n, ' a da a sg me to er rt tÃ» rl sae t a tej pne t. .sc nr r t t 1w a dt n n si n n f ro ha t ey tts h t h ud n . i o tay o he a n he me e de el i no s fce - Va.Sup.Ct R.5'7( ( (i) vi nc ) s t ufiint' ' . . c)1)ii. 1 i esv ncamsweeta teCic tCo rj d eerdb 1 n ta cpigPeiin rse hiist teh b a Th e e li r h th rui u tu g re y: ) o c e tn tto e ' x bt o h a e s peio ; )n tc n ieigtee hbt; )n t l wigP tin rt nt- n d y t rs o dt ters o d n ' tin 2 o o sd rn h x iis 3 o al n eio e we y o e a s o e p n o h ep n e ts t o t mo i nt dimis 4 n t x ani gt eb s sof h frt s sa o d r 5 is i g tes c n d s s a o d ra tr to o s s ; ) o e plj n h a e t e ls dimis l r e ; ) su n h e o d imis l r e fe ' teAto yGe ea rq e tdawrte e pa ain; ) trc sn hmgl; n 7 no ga t gP tin rs h tme n rl e u se itn x ln t 6 no e u ig i ef a d ) t rni eio e' o n t r ques f a e dentar he i The es vencli donotwa r f r lhabe r le be us t y rpr ent e t or n vi i y arng. s e ams rant ede a as eif ca e he e es anatac onl on t colatr pr e ng a not ttone sdee i e ni s eer i saepos- nvi in t k y he l eal oce di nd Peii r' tnton, ve f om ror n tt tco cto p o e dn so c re Se Bra tv Mava d 8 8F.d4 2, 3(t Ci. 9 8 (fimigta camso erri r c e ig c urd. e vn . r ln , 4 2 9 49 4h r 1 8 ) alr n h t li f ro n asaep s-o vit np o e dn c n o sr ea ab ssfrfd rl a e srle tt o tc n ci r ce ig a n t ev s a i o e ea h b a eig. o l a o da wih Vigni lw ,hef e d wa no s fc e t pr s ntt l pr vi us n cc r nce t r i a a t or wor s t ufi int o e e t l e o a g bea)dams't t SuprmeCou tofVigi a.Peii rsf e dwa no a a sgn nt ha s i ' o he e r r ni ttone ' orwor s t n si me ofe r be a e i wa notc e ro c iea di notal s c f e r r i t Cic t ror c us t s l a r onc s nd d lege pe ik r o s n he r ui Cour' or rt tdim is d t ha spetto a Vigi a1 w pr bisi or ai ts de ha s s e he bea ii n, nd r ni a ohi t nc por tng a gu e t madet a i e i c ti t ape ii f a r m ns o n nf ror our n o tton or ppea by am e er f r nce Va. l r eee . Sup.Ct . R.5: g) Le v. ade 265Va 373,376- 5 S. 2d 1 1 ( 26( ; nz W r n, . 77, 79 E. 94, 96 2003)r v' onot r ,e d he rounds 267Va.31 5 S. 2d292( 4) , 8, 93 E. 200 .Cons que l t SuprmeCour ofVigi a e nty,he e t r ni woul notrviw f l prvi ( be qcli lse 'n t pettonfldwiht Cic tCour. d e e t l e ous ha as ams itd'i he ii ie t he rui a t Se Va Sup.Ct R.5: ()1()(l y a sgn nt ofer a sr e i t peii f a l e . . 17c ()i tonl si me s ror s i d n he tton or ppea wilbenotc byt sCour.) Ahe t SuprmeCour ofVigi ade edhe ha asa a, l ied hi t' . r he e ' t r ni ni r be ppe l Peii rr f r nc t a e t 23 sa eha a ca msi apeii f r he rng, s h a ttone e e e ed he ggr gae 2 tt be s li n tton or e a i but uc sm pl r f r nc i ape ii f r he rng doe notf il pr s nte c ca m t t Supr me i e ee e e n tton or e a i s ary e e a h li o he e Co tofVigi a.He ikv.Tr ,443F. 342,365n. ( hCi. 6) Furhemor,t ur r ni drc ue 3d 1 4t r 200 . t r e he c tt l notgo f rhe a dee mi whehe t Vigi a Supr m eCour s ul ha s e our Ewil u t r nd tr ne t r he r ni e t ho d ve e n a ohe cam i h ejtl g . M alr v S t 27F.d9 , 9 ( t Ci.1 9 ) Th r f r, n t r li n lr ii s' lo v . mi n ' h, 3 91 9 6 4h r 9 4 . e eo e Peii rf ie t pr e G l prvius( be s cai 't t SuprmeCour ofVigni a ttone ald o esntt l e o ha a ) l ms'o he e a t r i a, nd te s m a notnow r s t m on f de a ha sr vi w. SeeW hil y v. Bar 80 F. 1 , he y aie he e r l bea e e 2 i, 2 2d 487 15 ( h Ci.1 )(tFliur t a a camsdipos dofbyasaeha a tilc t 00 4t r 986 tl al e o ppe l li s e tt be s ra our 2Thec twiltea t une used cams i udi t algedtne pdic r 'cai ,a t l cal our l r t he xha t li , ncl ng he le Ã» wl s oveed' l ms s ecmi ly e xhause be us Peii woul bepr ed al baredundersat 1 9om now pr s ntngt t t td ca e ttoner d oc ur ly r t e aw e e i hem o he S p e Co t Vigni.S eVA. Ej8. -5 ( () ( ()( rigtecamsu d rh s ueo u rme urof r i a e COD 016 4A)2 ,B)2 barn h li n e te ttt f lmiai andt r eagans s cesi peiinsf cl m sba edon a fct ofwhih apeii rha i ttons he ul i t uc sve tto or ai s ny a s c ttone d k o e g wh nfl gape iusp tin) Peiine fi t etbl hta tealg dÃ§ e pdic v rd' n wld e e ii rvo ei o . t o r al o sa i h th le e l wl so ee ' n t t s s n e i e c , ih c n it o j y v r it o ms t eCo n at swi s e ' r pe st t l ,h j r v d n e wh c o sss f ur e dc f r ,h mmo we l h' t s s p o n iy o i t e u y ne e i tu i , Commonweat wine J m M et e ' guit planegotains we eunknom zbef es fld t nsr ctons and lh t ss ol zlrs ly e ito , r or he ie he sat habe petton.Ac di y,t c twilnotsa t s pr e ngst alow Peii t pr e t te as ii cor ngl he our l ty he e oc edi o l ttoner o es nt he o te camst teS p e Co ro Vigni.S e e2, ie v. e r 5 4U. 26 2 3(00 )(eci n mitd li o h u rme u t f r i a e . ..Rhn s W be, 4 S. 9, 7 2 5 d srbig ami petton a apeii c ai ngb0t e use a unexha t cli a r ogni ng aditi c thas xed ii s tton ont ai h xha td nd used ams nd ec zi srct our ds rt nt sa amie peiin . icei o ty x d tt ) o o 4 c tt e apr e a ba t frhe f r lrviw ofs hcams' .Acc di y,t c r onsiuts oc durl r o u t r edea e e uc li .) ' or ngl he ou t m us t e tt une aus e c ai s a pr e a l de a t d. t r a he xh t d l m s oc dur ly f ule 3 B. Pettone pr ed alydefule a1butt oft i tntcams 1 t e de wa ii r oc ur l a td 1 wo he nsa li : ) he vi nce s i uflintt s ti he c nvitonfrfrtde e mur ,a 2)t Cic tCo tsde a of ns fce o usan r o ci o is- gre der nd he rui ur' nil apr tilmoton f ac i ncewaser r Thec tm a notr vi w t pr ed al e ra i or ontnua ro . our y e e he oc ur ly dea tdcli a e as ngofaf nda ntlmic ni geofj tc orcus a fule ams bs nt howi u me a s a a usie a e nd p eu ie S e eg, lma v Th mps n 5 U.. 2 , 5 - 4( 9 ) Ca s c n tttsa rj d c . e . ..Coe n . o o , 01 S 7 2 7 3 5 1 91. u e o siue novelc am ,af ct e em a t t de ens t ti pe d c li a or xt l o he f e ha m de ompla wih t saepr e a ince t he t t oc dur l r l, ra e rrbyc u s l La A cour d e n t e dt c nsd rteis eo p eudc i te ue o n ro o n e. d 4 t o s o n e o o i e h su f rj ie n h . . a s n eo c u e Ko h e sv. at 6 F.d 1 5 ,1 5 ( t Ci.1 9 ) b e c f a s . ma r n Ev t, 6 3 3 0 3 9 4h r 9 5 . A san a t m ptt de c i c us Pe ii te o s rbe a e, ttonera l gest ts di no r c ve t Cic t le ha he d t e ei he r ui Cour' J nua y 18 201 dimis lor rt tt oughl r viwe and dimis d alt sa e ts a r , 2, s s a de ha hor y e e d s s e l he tt ha ascams Pe'' Rep.g1 l ta Peii re anss onl r c ve t onepa , be li . trs s j . nse d, ttone xpli he y e ei d he - ge J nua y 6,201 ge dc di m i s lor ra t J nua y 18 201 or va a i t J ua y 6, a r 2, ne s s a de nd he a r , 2, der c tng he an r 3Be i spr edur l defuli t cl msa un used, t Cicui Cour dimis d muli ecams sde oc aly a tng he ai s exha t he r t t s se tpl li p ru n t Sa o v Pa g n 21 Va 2 , 9 2 5SE.d6 0 6 2( 9 4, odn ta Peion r o e ual u sa to lvtn . nia , 5 . 7 2 , 0 . 2 8 , 8 1 7 )h lig h t ti e prc d rly t d futda1 onj rs it na is e ta c ul h v b e prsne a til n o a p a b t r n t S eFih r ea le ln -uidci lsu s h t o d a e e n e e td tra a d n p e l u wee o. e s e o v Al lne 1 3F.d8 5 8 4(t Ci. 99 )(e o nzngta aprc d rl ea lp rua toSa o c nttts . meo , 6 3 3 , 4 4h r 1 8 rc g ii h t o e ua d fut u s n t lvtn o siue a a e u t a did p n e tsae1w g o n frdeiin . n d q ae n n e e d n tt a r u d o cso ) 4Co n e' errma srea c u eiap tt n rde ntae ()ta t er rwa s e rgo ta i u s ls ro y ev s a s f eio e mo srts 1 h the ro s o g e ius h tt i voae peiin rsc nsiuin l ih t efciea ssa eo c u s la d()t th ie ciea ss c iltd tt e ' o ttt a rg to fe t sitnc f o n e, n 2 ha te n Fetv siGn e o o v cam i efi e h use a dn t r c d rl d ful d Ed r v Cap ne, 2 U. 4 , - 2( 0 ) li t l s x a td n o p o e ual ea t . wads . r e tr 5 9 S. 46 4515 2 00. s y e H oweve , 1ofPeii r' i fe tveasitnceofc e cai sar pr ed al defuledduet he f iur t r al ttone s nef ci ssa ouns l l m e oc ur ly a t o r al e o pr entt m t t Supr m eCour ofVigi a.Nonet l s t Cour i M a tne v. n, U . ,1 S. . es he o he e t r ni hees, he tn ri z Rva S. 32 Ct 1 0 ( 01 )h l ta ap o e ua d fut yn t a afd rl a e sc u tr c n ieigaRu a ta' 3 9 2 2 , ed h t r c d rl ea lma o b r e ea h b a o r fom o sd rn svtnil ' i f tveasitnceofti couns lcli i apeii di nothavec eli t i talr ew pr ee ngori nefeci ssa ral e am f ttoner d ouns n he nii evi oc di f c t e i ta p o edigwa iefcie S eMat e ,1 2S Cta 1 6, 31 (oigta apeio e mu t omsln h t r c e n s n fetv . e ri z 3 . . t 31 1 8 n tn h t tin r s n t s how t tt unde l ng i f ci asitncecli us t e us apr dur deful m us beis tnta'by ha he ryi nefe tve ssa am ed o xc e oce al a t t Ã§ubsa il' h vngt o mein.Ho v r P tt n rdea l dh rcanso a pe ln td igteiia rve p o e dn , a i t me rtl we e, eio e fut e lil n p a, o urn h nt le iw r c e ig s i e i a tu , ri zd e n t ppy.Se L. t1 6(e o nzn terme ce tdbyMat e i n t p ia l nd h s Mat o s o a l e d a 31 rc g iig h e dy rae ne ri z s o a pl be n c wh ntetil o r rve acam d rn teiiilrve h be sp o e dn ) Ac odn l n n of tt n rs e h ra c u t e iws li uig h nta-e iw a a r ce ig. c r igy, o e Peii e' o i f tveasitnceofc elcai ca s r a c us t e et pr edur deful ofmos oft i tnt nefeci ssa ouns l ms n e ve s a e o xcus he oc al a t t he nsa habe cli . as ams 5 201 o de .L- Thus Peii ra gu st ts c ul no ha a a e t Cic tCour' 2, r r d a , ttone r e ha he o d t ve ppe l d he r ui ts r a o f d s is li s neve r c i dt J nua y 1 201 dimis lor rt tt oughl e s ns or im s a f he r e eve he a r 8, 2, s s a de ha hor y r vi we a dim is a1t sa eha a ca ms e e d nd s s ed l he t t be s li . The c t snotpe s de by Pe ii ne ' a gu e . The ffh a sgnm e ofe r i he our i r ua d tto r s r m nt it s i nt r or n r pr Ã¢Ã§peii f a a t t SuprmeCour ofVigi ar ds tl g r ui)co terdby o tton or ppe l o he e t r ni ea ,t' cic t ur re 'he va a i t odgi lO r rofde a e e e on J n r 6t 201 a r e e e a ne O r rof c tng he na de ni l nt r d a ua y h, 2, nd e- nt r d w de d n a o J n ay 1 , 01 , t h rq e t fteg s o d n) b s do ( j d es fi r t e il n a u r 8 2 2 a t e e u s o h Rep n e t, a e n t u g ') al e o he u pr der s ofde a wiht orgi moto i a oda ewih g)Vigi asaue' ovi eaons nil t he i nal in n cc r nc t a r ni ttt.' Pe'' Pe. o Appea t Va.Su Ct3( . 32- a 7)(mphai a d) A r viw oft trs tf r lo p. . Dktno. 1 t e ss dde . e e he Cic tCour ' r c d r ve l t o de swe ee e e onJa r 1 201 The fr to de , r ui ts e or e a s wo r r r ntr d nua y 8, 2. is r r c ptone t de ,' sonepa a r dsi pe tne pa t Ã» ta a i t t Cour t tt a i d, Ã» r'i or ge nd ea n ri nt r, t ppe rng o he l t ha he Fi lOr re e e i t sha a c usc s on J nua y6,201 s d beva a e i i na de ntr d n hi be s om ae a r 2, houl c t d, t s t r f e ADJ he e or , UDGED a ORDERED t tt Fi lOr rbe a i he e VACATED. The nd ha he na de , nd s r by, m at rs l ber t i d on t doc toft sCo tpe ng f rhe a ton. n es c or r te hal e ane he ke hi ur ndi u t r c i ' ' e ond de , ca i d,E ndi ofFacs Co l i ofLa a Re s f Decson,' st ry- ne ptone t Fi ngs t, ncusons w, nd a ons or ii 'i hit ni pa s a c l s w ih, lti ,t r f e A DJ D GED a ORD ERED t tt pe ii f a ge nd onc ude t tl s he e or , U nd ha he tton or wrtofha asc pusbe,a i he e de e a dimi s d. i be or nd s r by, nid nd s s e ' ' Asevi nc d by t ffh a sgn e ofe r ,Peii rkne t exit nceoft tor r de e he it s i m nt ror ttone w he se he l de ofde a' is d on J nua y 18, 2,whe s exe ut d t pe ii n f ra a on M a c 30, ni l' s ue a r 201 n he c e he tto o ppe l rh 201 Furhe m o e t ttor rofde a 'c d notr a o bl m e n t one2. t r r , ha t de nil' oul e s na y a he pageor r de va a i t pro dim is lor ra c d onl m e n t t ry- nepa Or rt tÃ» ni c tng he i r s s a de nd oul y a he hit ni ge de ha t ed de a di m i s d' t ha spe ii Pe ii r s pr K pl a ngsandm otonsi sae a f de al nd s s e ' he bea tton. ttone ' o e di i n t t nd e r . c texhi the a lt t unde sa t dif r ncebew e n a or rd s isng he s ae our bi r biiy o rt nd he fe e t e n de im s i r tt 6 ha aspe ii a a or rva tngt tdimi s lor r M or ove , ft o page Or r be tton nd n de cai ha s s a de . e r i he nede vac tng t dim is loft ha spetton wa t onl or rs r eved, t r wo dbe a i he s s a he bea ii s he y de he ec i he e ul not ngf he t a last tOr rGeane ghec s )ont doc toft e g rui)Cour hi or r o ppea ha de Ã§ ti d t a e he ke hg) cic t r t pe ng f rhe aci ' By flng t a a ,ti c e rt Peii rkne f l wel t the ndi u t r ton.' ii he ppe l i s l a hat ttone w ul l ha r sa eha speii ha be n de e a i i a ur f rhe t now s t t bea tton d e ni d, nd t s bs d o r o ugges ohe wie t t r s. Peii ras fist etbls afmda ntlmic rigeofj tc t e us t ttone lo al o sa ih t me a s ara usie o xc e he pr du a dea t Gpl one sasetngi e a ag twa t defuleddamsmus oce r l ful. l ds r s ri nnoc nce s ae y o a t i l t esa iht ti lghtofne (ndrla e)e de eg pr e e a ti l,ti mor lkeyt n tbls ha,n i w a eibl vi nc not esntd t ta) i s e i l ha n tha n r ao bl u o wo l h vefu dpeiin rgulyb y n ara o a l d u t' o t t o e s na ej r r ud a o n t o e it e o d e s n b e o b . t ' Ho ev.Bel 547U. 51 536- ( us l, S. 8, 37 2006) NoneofPeii rsal dÃ» w'e de ,e n . ttone' lege t ' vi nce ve ne i r l bl a da t al t wl ds o ee 'wo l c a g t emid o r a o a l j r r.S e f ei e n cu ly t y ic v rd, u d h n e h n s f e s n b e u o s e a ne ' i r Pa tIIA .Ac or ngl albutt oft i tntc am sa e dim is d a pr e a l nfa r I. c di y, 1 wo he nsa l i r s s e s oc dur ly de a t d. f ule 1 11. A fd rlc u t ygrn h be srle fo asaec u tu r e tt nyo t g o n e e a o r ma a t a a eif r m tt o rj d n t l n he r u d o t t(hepeii r i i c t i vi ai oft Consiui o lwso te tesoft Unie ha t ttone) s n usody n olton he tt ton r a r rai he td Stts' 28U. . .j225 *.Afe asaeco taddrsest meisofacam as rie i a ae .' 5 SC 44 tr tt ur e s he rt li lo as d n f de a ha aspe ii af de a c tmay notp a t peii unl s t sa ec ts e r l be tton, e r l our nt he tton e s he t t our' a j iainofacam i c nrr t , ra u r a o a l a piainolce rye tb ih d dudc t o li s o tay o o n n e s n b e p lc to t la l sa ls e fde a lw o ba e ona unr a ona edeemi tonoft fcs 28U. C.j225 *. e r l a r s d n e s bl tr nai he a t. S. 44 5SomeofPeiinersdefule cai donotha a be i ont lgalt ofherc i tto ' a td l ms ve ny ajng he e iy ontnement i udi , ncl ng whehe t Cic tCour t a uly pr ntd Peii ' mot r9om r ei ng i or tonvi t Fr edom of t r he rui tmlwf l eve e ttoners he ec vi nf mai a he e I o m ai Act Suc cai saealodim is bec et yar notc z bl i fder ha spr ee ngs nf r ton . h l m r s s s ed aus he e ognia e n e al bea oc di . The e l ton ofw he he a s a e c tde i i i t onta y t 'orl n unr as bl va ua i t r t t our c s on s l r r o' t c a e ona e a i a i of'f de a 1 w i ba e on a i pende r vi w ofea h s a r W ila sv. pplc ton e rl a s s d n nde nt e e c t nda d. li m Ta or 529U. 362,41 1 ( yl , S. 2- 3 2000) saec t tr nai i E rr t ' e rl1w i .A tt our deemi ton s Ã» ay o'f dea a f cont i l ri sa aco l i oppost t t tra he bygheUnie Stt Suprme Cour o a tt rve t ncuson a ie o ha e c d t td aes e q tn que ton of1w o i t saec ur decde ac edifr ntyt ngheUnie SttsSu e l si a r f he tt o t i s as fee l ha t td ae prme Co tha on as tofm ae ily i si s bl f t. l a 41 ur s e tra l nditnguiha e acs' d. t 3. ' A f de a c tma as is t wrtunde t E ea o bl a i ton' ca ei t e r l our y lo s ue he i r he t unr s na e pplcai ' lus f he f rlc tfndst t saec ttde iist c re tg r ngl lprncpl fom (he edea our i hathe tt our ti ntte he o rc oveni ega i i e r t Suprme Cour' de ii butunras bl a i t tprnci et t f t oft prs rs e ) ts csons e ona y pples ha i pl o he acs he ione' c e' 1 Thi r s na e s sa r i a ob ci o .I a 41 A Vigni c r' as .' d. s ea o blne s tndad s n je tve ne d. t 0. ri a ou ts fndi ca i ngs nnotbede m e unr a ona eme ey bec us i doe no ct esa ihe Unie e d e s bl r l a e t s t ie tbls d td St t s Supr m e Cour pr c de ton a i s i t r ul r ac d i notc r r t t t ae e t ee n n s ue f he es t e he s ont a y o ha e tbls dprce nt Mic lv.Es r a,5 U. 1 1 ( ) Furhe mor,:() sa ihe e de . thel paz 40 S. 2, 6 2003 . t r e Ga sae- o tf cua de e mi ton i notunr s bl m e e ybe a et f der lha a c ur t t c ur a t l t r nai s ea ona e r l c us he e a be s o t woul ha r c d adif r ntco l i i t frti tnce' W ood v. ln,558 U. 290, d ve ea he fe e ncuson n he is nsa .' Ale S. l S. .8 ,8 ( 0) 30 Ct 41 49 201 . A fdea c ur rviwi aha speii t eumelqt gtt c tsfc e rl o t e e ng bea tton t s s he sael our' a mal pr fndi t bes i ngs o oundunls g ii r r but thepr s i ofc r cne sbycla and e s pettone q e s t eumpton ore t s er co ncnge de e.' M ilrElv.Dr t 5 U. 231 240( nvi i vi nc '' leeke, 45 S. , 2005)( i 28U. C. quotng S. j2254()1).Fi ly,te e unde j225 d) 1 i lmie t t rc dt twa beor t e ( ) nal Ã» viw r r 4( ( ) s i td o he e or ha s f e he saec u th ta j iae t ecam o teme is' Cu lnv. ihose, 6 U. tt o r ta dudc td h li n h rt. le Pn ltr 5 3 S. , 3 S. ' 11 Ct 1388,1398( ) . 2011. 8 A. Pe ii ra gu t t Suprm eCour ofVigi a vi die ta a t tt e de e ttone r ed o he e t r ni a r c ppe l ha he vi nc wa i ufi i ntt s t i he c c i . I t i tntpeii Peii ra gu t tt s ns tc e o usan r onvitons n he nsa tton, ttone r es ha he e de e w asi ufi i n t s t i he c vi nc ns fc e t o us a n r onvi to f tr tdeg e m ur r A c or ngl c i n or i s- r e de . c di y, Peii re use he i tntcli t tt e de ewa i ufi i t s t i he co ci ttone xha t d r nsa am ha he vi nc s ns fcent o usan r nviton f r fr tde e m ur r o is - gr e de . The Cour ofA ppea s ofV igi a hel t tt e de e w ass fc e t convi t t l r ni d ha he vi nc uf i i nt o c Pe ii roffr tder e m u de a trviwi t e de i t lghtm os f vor bl t t ttone ise r r fe e ng he vi nce n he i t a a e o he Commonwe lh. Se Y 1tv Numwma r 501U. 797,803( 991 ( di t tafdea at 6 e s ke, S. 1 ) hol ng ha e rl . c u t a r l o ar a o e saec u tud n wh nltru x li e saec u t r es o r c n ey n e s n d tt o rj pne t e ae ne pan d tt o r o d r u h l t a j d me t; ahido v Co n at, 7 Va 61 , 4 S. 2 4 5 48 ( 0 7 p od h t u g n ) W s n n . mmo we 1 2 3 . 9 6 3 E.d 8 , 7 2 0 ) h (e ognii t tt DuePr es Clus oft Fo te h Ame ntr quiesa1ci na r c zng ha he oc s a e he ure nt ndme e r 1 rmi l c ci i Vigi at bebasdon s fce e denc l s as J ne v.Mura 947F. onvitons n r ni o e uf int vi e; ee lo o s ry, 2d 11 111 ( hCi.1 )(ttngwrte fndi ofhit i lfc byt saecour ae 06, 0 4t r 991 sai itn i ngs sorca a t he tt tr p eu dt bec re ta de tte t d fr n eune ss o t b erne u ) A saec u t r s me o o r c n n i d o e ee c ls h wn o e ro o s. tt o r l c c i wilnotbedit r d i t f r lha sc ur de e mi st tla r tona tirof onviton l s u be f he ede a bea o t t r ne ha tnv ai l re f ctc d ha f nd t es e ile e nt oft ci bey ar as bl doubt'a a oul ve ou he s nta l me s he lme ond e ona e ' her vi wi t e de ei t lghtm os f vor bl t t pr e uton.J c on v.Viai a 443 e ng he vi nc n he i t a a e o he os c i a ks r ni , 6VignaCo ej1 .23 ( rt n sc n d ge mu d rd t e ; .h nlsae : rii d 8 -2 Fis a d e o d e re r e ei d pml me t tts n s M ur ,ot rt n c Ã lmur r by ...a wilul dei r e a pr der he ha api de , ny lf , lbeat, nd emedi e kilng,...e ptas utd li xce prvd di j1 .- g ptl d r,smu d ro tefrt e re pmiha l a aCls 2fln . o ie n 82 31 ca i mureli r e f h ts d ge , t s be s as eo y a The S emeofV igi adefnesmalc as upr r ni i ie : ( h itnin l on of wr n flatwi ute a j siiaino e u e o a ters to i1 Tle ne to a d ig a o g u c t lg lutfc to r xc s , r s h eul f1 ho w il M a i e and t s cii i entt mai , c. may beevi nce by wor ori e r d f o a s l. lc he pe tc nt o m et , de d ds nf r e r m ct and c onductunde t r et ape s n i pr s d t havei e d t nat a andpr bl r he ul hat r o s e ume o ntnde he ur l oba e cons quenc ofhi vol a y a t e es s untr c . Flth rv Co n at , 0 Va 6 6 6 ,l 6 S E.d 2 9 2 2 ( 9 9 ( in Da i sv Co n at ,1 6 ec e . mmo we 1h 2 9 . 3 , 40 6 . 2 6 , 7 1 6 ) ct g wk n . mmo we 1h 8 i Va 5 6l 41S. 2 5 0 5 3(9 7 . 5, , E.d 0 , 0 1 4 :. 9 U. 307,31 1 ( 979)(rgi le S. 8-9 1 o i na mpha i) Thec tha rviwedt tilr o d, c t ss. our s e e he ra ec r whih he Cour ofA ppe l ofV igi a a l s m mi e asf l w s t as r ni pty um z d olo : ( rort J y25,2008,( ttoneqa Dusi Stnly,t vitm,ha a Pli o ul Peii r nd tn a e he ci d r ntcr ai hi ( ttonujrfre t t t nt hr eye - dStnl oma i eltons p. Peii eerd o he we pt e - arol a ey ashe t t ' ( ii r hepedStnlypa hi c l s r o i ton, r d oy. Pettone) l boy ' a e y s hid uppo t blgai ga hi acelphone,a ga hi ave cet us ( ttone )tsiid ve m l nd ve m hil o e. Peii r e tfe Stnl yphysc ly a e he ,a s t tfe t s c fci i nt ofa e. a e i al bus d r nd he esiid o pe ii ncde s bus g t in r tsi e s ef i dt rpo t e ti icd n so a u et t ep lc pei o ej ett d h al o e r c ran n ie t f b s o h oie t i e be a e s be i ve St nl y w a a c i nta i or a f rt polc c us he le d a e s ontde i l nf m nt o he i e de rme a t polc wo dno hephe .( tto r t tfe Stnlyas pa t nt nd he ie ul t l r Peiine) esiid a e lo t e tne he .OnM a 5,2008,( tto r t dKel Da s Stnly' c i hrae d r y Peiineq ol ly vi, a e s ousn, t ts t ug a ha he ho ht boutkilng Stnly.On t da prort t s i li a e he ys i o he hootng, g ttonejc le a snttxtmesa snumeo tmest Stnl ( ttoneq peii r ald nd e e s ge rus i o a ey. Peii r c le St nl sbr heron mor t n o oc ason a a ke i Stnl y wa wih al d a ey' ot e ha ne c i nd s d f a e s t ot rwo n.Addiina wine sst tfe g ttone)s t t m a he me to l t se esiid peii r poke o he bout Stnlyc tngonhe.OnJ y23,2008,( ttoneqtl dt Stnly' mot r a e heai r ul Peii r ake o a e s he a utr t m i St nly' be ongi t twe ea he r i nc bo e u ng a e s l ngs ha r t r esde e. On J y 24,2008 durng a c ul , i onve s ton a r a i boutSt nl y c tng on he , a e hea i r ( tt n r t l Kr sa Hese, tne ' fin t ts ewa j s g i t kl Peii ej od y tl itr S a ly s re d,ha h s u t ong o il o Stnly.OnJ y24, a e ul 2008,( tto r pur ha e a. 0c i rtram usngt Peiine) c s d 38 albe ie r i he na ofDonnaRe dya s ga he prora e si Quiks g,Vigi a. me e nd he ve r i ddr s n c bur r ni W he s purha e t frn m,( ttoneqsae s ne dedif pr e ton. n he c s d he ie r Peii r ttd he e t or otci ( ttone)purha e holow poi bulesatrla nngt tholow poi bules Peii r c s d l nt lt fe e r i ha l nt lt we edesr e t ce emor da get abody.Tha smeday,g ttone) r i d o rat e ma o ta peii r c le J m M ezlra ake a a i rs i rnge.g ttone)t d ald ol t e nd s d bout n ndoo hootng a peii r ol Meze,Egq' et rmeorhi ' Latrt day,Br ndo Ha trs d tlr Ã»lts ihe m.' e hat a n re howe ( ttone)how t us t fr r g tto r tsiidt tont momi of Peii r o e he ieam. peiine ) e tfe ha he ng J y25, ul 2008,St nl a a ey woke s r a e a he ,at c dhe ,he d akniet he , c e m d t r ta ke r l f o r t oa,a t eae dt kilhe.( ttonejtsii s pa dt l de hr t nd hr tne o l r Peii r etfed he bbe he oa d fr a m fo t tu ofhe c r hea d t t hous ,a e r hi we bl c ie r r m he r nk r a , de o he e nd ve yt ng nt a k. Krsofe Geo ge ( tto r' eghte ye rol s lvedwih ( tto r. it fr r , Peiinels i e n- a - d on,i t Peiine) Ge ge tsiid hea or e tfe woket gu hot a we downsar . Geor s w St nl y o ns s nd nt t is ge a a e alvea la ng a i tt matrbe oom wal ( ttone)wa afw f t i nd e ni gans he se dr l. Peii r s e ee a waywih afr a m i he ha Stnl y s t i tvegu hotwoundst hi t ie r n r nd. a e usaned i ns o s b c a dh d e afw miu e ltr Ge r es w n ij iso ( tto r, n a k, n e id e n ts ae . o g a o nure n Pei ne) a d i he s w no knie i St nl y' ha The e w asa poc t f i t c os d pos ton a f n a e s nd. r ke kni e n he l e ii i S a ly' p n spo k t Ge r eh le E tto r mo eS a ly sb d a d n tne s a t c e. o g ep d pei ne) v tne ' o y n i ce nt c i s ne.Ge getsiidt thene rsw Stnlyhi E ttoner la he rme ce or e tfe ha ve a a e t peii ) butt thedi s eStnlya ( ttonejpus e c ot r ha d e a e nd Peii r h a h he . Ata oxi tl 1130a. ,s rl afe t s i ( ttone)me M eze ppr maey : m. ho ty tr he hootng,Peii r t tlr a a a o r pa rs p t di c sca r pa r a r ntng a ve c e M e zl rno i d t n ut e i ho o s us r e i s nd e i hi l . t e tce 10 t t( tto r wa net rne v norups ta hesw nophysc ij is ha Peiine) s ihe r ous e, nd a ialnure . Durngt rmeei ( ttone)t dM eze s ha s Stnl a tidt i hei tng, Peii r ol tlr he d hot a ey nd re o ge s t ugge tons fom M et l rr ga di m ovi t body. M e zl r c nt c e t si r z e e r ng ng he t e o a t d he polc ,a Ca anW itngwe t g ttonelsrsde .W itngf ie nd pti ti nto peii r' e i nce ti ound S a ly sb d i teb c o ( ei o r' c r lv siao S ilrs w n tne ' o y n h a k f P tt nels a . n e tg tr pte a o i ij isony ttone) Dr Be ontsi t tStnlys ti bl fr e nure peii r. . ns etEed ha a e usaned unt o c ij de p irt h sd ah.Dr Be s nas d srbe tegu h t u dsa dte nu s ro o i e t . n o lo e ci d h ns o wo n n h tae tr of h b les W h l a iigh rtil( tt n r s o et imae i rj co y t e u lt. ie watn e ra, Peii e ) p k o n ts n o t ej i a o t h s o t ga dt imae tsiida wha ( tto e)tl h al b u t e h oi n wo n ts e tfe s t Peiin r od n t m, ihdfe e fo ( tto elstsi n . he whc ifr d rm Peiin r' etmo y *** Thej r wa i tu tdo f s- e remu d r s c n d re mu de, ou tr u y s nsr ce n i td ge r e, e o d-e e r r v lnay r m a lug e ,s l- f ns ,de e eofa he , a ie,a he tofpa so ns a ht r e fde e e f ns not r m lc nd a s i n. ( tto eja mitds es tS a ly . .The u yn c sa i rj ce Pei n r d te h ho tne . . i j r e es rl ee td y ( tto elscam t a s ewa d fn igete he s no h refwhe s es o Pei n r' li h t h s ee dn ih r r o r e sl n h h t i Stnly ( deemi i t t( ttone la tdwihprme ttona mai a e by) tr nlng) ha Peii r ce t e diai nd lce whe s s St nl n he hot a ey. Hoc nv. kma Commo1weat No.0833- 3,si op.a 13,4( .CtApp.Oc. 2009 ;se z 1h, 09- lp t - Va . t22, ) e D ay 1 Tr 1 1 1 1 77,185 88,1 211 217- 243- 249- 27 279- D a 2 . 60, 62, 66, 7599- , 37, 46, 50, 4, 99; y Tr 38, 68- ,1 86,1 94,203- D a 3 Tr 1 1 25,27- 36- ,47,54- 61 64, . 47, 71 849205; y . 0- 7, 28, 41 57, , 70- 93- 102,105,109,125,128- 151- 160- 183-87,192- 203-11,216-17,21974, 96, 33, 56, 77, 98, 20,225,295- 29997, 300,302- 335- 359)D ay 4 Tr.15- 22- 29- 40,53,6303, 45, 20, 26, 33, 65, 11 1 1 1 7 1 1 0, 20, 69, 72- 4, 82, 99. Ahe r vi wi t ti ta c i a evi ncei t lg mos f vo a et t r e e ng he ral r ns rpt nd de n he i ht t a r bl o he Comm o a t t c tfndst ta r to ltiroff tc d ha f nwe 1h, he our i ha ny ai na re ac oul ve ound be yond a r as bl do t tPe ii rm ai i l a wih pr mediaton mur r d t vitm . Se e ona e ubt ha ttone lcousy nd t e ti de e he c i e Pe clav Co n at, 29Va 8 , , 2 S. 2 6 9 6 3( 9 5 ( ligmaiec nbe ni l . mmo we l 2 i h . 5 91 3 6 E.d 7 , 8 1 8 ) hodn lc a i er dfom t delbeaeus ofadea ywe ponl Da ns 1 Va a 61 41S. 2dat503 nfre r he i rt e dl a ; wki , 86 . t , E. (ttngwhehe adee sai t r fndantace maiiusyi aquesi offc) TheCommonwe t s td lco l s ton a t. alh' e de e tbls t tPe ii ne t ke t pe e a vi nce sa ihed ha tto r al d o opl boutkilng t vi tm be or t mur r li he ci f e he de , us d a o1 a e sa a sa trc c t pur has t fr a pur has d holow- ntbules e n d ddr s nd t re he k o c e he ie nn, c e l poi l t, 11 a ad it d t f t ly s i t vi i fve tm e . Furhe m or ,Pe ii r s s r ut d nd m t e o a a l hootng he ctm i i s t r e ttone ' on ef e Peiine st tmo a how t vitm brndihe akniej tbef et s i t ur tto r' esi ny bout he ci a s d f us or he hootng,hej y dic e Peii rsc amsofa e s l de e e a def ns ofhe s a t c ur d s s ountd ttone ' l i bus , ef f ns , nd e e r on, nd he o t oe notr - t r i t c e biiy ofwine s s M a s l v. nbege, U. 422, ( 983 . e de e m ne he r di lt t s e . rhal Lo r r 459 S. 434 1 ) - Ac or ngl Peii rf l t e tbls t tt e de ewa i ufi i ntt s t n t c di y, ttone ais o sa ih ha he vi nc s ns tc e o usai he c i to f fr tde e m u de ,a t sc am i d s is onv ci n or is- gr e r r nd hi l i s im s ed. B. Pe ii ralo a gue vi die ta alt tt Cic tCo ta e isdic ei a ttone s r d a r c ppe ha he r ui ur bus d t s r ton nd prj c Peii rbyde ngapr ti motonfrac i nce TheCo tofAppeasof eudied ttone nyi eral i o ontnua . ur l Vi gi a he d t tt Cic tCour di nota e isdi c eton by de ng t r que t r ni l ha he r ui t d bus t s r i nyi he e s . H oc a No. 33- 3 a 5. km n, 08 09- t To s e d on t s c a m on f r lr ew,Pe ii rm us esa i h t t Ci c t ucc e hi l i ede a evi ttone t t bls hat he r ui Co ta e isdi c ei byde ng t c i nc m oton, ur bus d t s r ton nyi he ontnua e i Unga v.Sa aft 376U. 575, r r ie, S. 5 8 8 ( 9 6 , n ta teer ne u r ln p eu ie ted fn e Un td S ae v Cr nc 4 6 8 - 9 1 8 ) a d h t h ro o s uig rj d c d h ee s , ie tts . o i, 6 U. 648,660- l(1 4) SeeUnie St e v.La o he 896F. 81 823( hCi.1 S. 6 98 . td ats r uc , 2d 5, 4t r 990) (ec i ngt tadeenda i notde i dofafi tili awr u denilofac i nc r or zi ha f nt s prve ar ra f ongf l a ontnua e dd n t rj d c t d fns ' a iiyt p e a ef rtil.E b eof icein'sd fne i i o p eu ie he ee e s b l o rp r o ral W us d sr to 'i ei d n t t s cr ums a esasGunr as ng a a bir r i itnc on e pe tous s i t f c ofa he e ic t nc Ã§ e oni nd r ta y ns se e x dii ne s n he a e j siib er q e t o d lyl ' Mo rsv. lp , 61U. 1 1 - 2( 98 )(ne l u tto u tfa l e u s f r ea .' ri Sa py 4 l S. , 1 1 1 3 itma q oain maksomitd) r te . 'h a j iainof hscam wa n tc nrr t , ra u r a o a l a p iaino , F e dudc to t i li s o o ta y o o n n e s n b e p lc to f cea l esa ihe f de a 1w orbas d on a unr as bl dee m i ton oft f c s Pe ii r l ry t bls d e r l a e n e ona e tr na i he a t . ttone w asi c e on Se e be 1 2008,a by t ne da Pe ii r s ti lw ass he e t ndi t d pt m r 5, nd he xt y, ttone ' r a c dul d o 12 be n on J nua y 26,2009.Peii rwa g a e c c gi a r ttone s r nt d o- ouns la a i tgaoron Odo r21 e nd n nvesi t be , 2008, t c co eltl d amoton t wihdr w o De mbe 23, but he o- uns ie i o t a n ce r 2008,a rdic y he s over r ve e t Comm onwe 1h woul c l o ofc couns lsclent a awine s On J nua y 8, e ald he at d al ne oe' i s s t s. a r 2009,t Ci c tCo tgr nt d t m oton t w ihdr w a de e Pe ii r sm o i f a he r ui ur a e he i o t a nd ni d ttone ' ton or c i nce 'heCic tCour notdt tÃ»gjlt pr lmi r wor ha t ha be ndoneby ontnua . I ' rui t e ha Ã§al he ei na y k s o ve e now i iwase rgoi t bed .'J n.8, 09, ' Tr 1 )TheCic tCour alonoe ft ve ng o one'(a 20 Hrg . 6. rui t s td t tc ha ouns lw a e r e d wih w e k-ong m ur rt i l , d be n r m ove f om addii l e s xpe i nce t e l de ra s ha e e d r tona c i i lde e ea nt e s a ha a c ur- ppr d i si t a lbl t r ea c t rm na f ns ppoi m nt, nd d o ta ove nve tga or vaia e o es r h he c s . Furhe m or t pa te r cor i e t tmor t n s ve y s ae t r e,he ris e z d ha e ha e nt ubpoena ha ar dy is d s d lea sue f t orgi lti da ea t tt Commonwe lh' ex rswoul bedifc tt r c d e. or he i na ral t nd ha he at s pe t d fiul o es he ul M or over t c ti m e a ey a nt d ne c co e a rr a i t m oto t e ,he our m dit l ppoi e w o- uns l he ntng he i n o wihdr w,e n t ug Peii rwa notsa u orl entte t c c t a ve ho h ttone s tt t iy ild o o- ouns . Cf VA. el CODE j1 2- 63. (e rng atilc toa ntt c e f adee ntc r wihca tl 9. 1 7 rquii ra our t ppoi wo ounsl or fnda haged t pia mur r i rquetd) Ac r ngl t Cic tCour di nota eisdicei Peii rwas de ,f e se . co di y,he rui t d bus t s rton, ttone n t rj dc db t d n a o t c ni u n e a dti cam i d s se o p eu ie y he e il f he o tn a c , n h s li s imisd. lV . Fort f e ngr a ons t c tde esPe ii rsm oton t s a r a s he or goi e s , he our ni ttone ' i o t y, nt Re ponde ' m oton t dim is a de esa 1pe ng motonsa m oot Ba e upo t s nts i o s s , nd ni 1 ndi i s . s d n he c tsfndi t tPe ii rha notm a t r quiies t nta s our' ng ha ttone s de he e st ubsa il howi ofade a ofa ng ni l c tttona rghta r quie by28U. C.j225 *,ac riiaeofa aa lt i de e onsiui l i s e r d S. 34 e tfc t ppe lbiiy s nid. EN TER : Thi s Y b dyo Jnay2014. a faur , / w/- - , #.?,4 -, . ' 7 2 --i, ' Unied St t D i ti tJ t a es sr c udge 13

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