Wright v. Ponton, No. 7:2013cv00105 - Document 17 (W.D. Va. 2013)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Jackson L. Kiser on 7/2/2013. (tvt)

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a pp- oFFlE u s Dl couv c sm A viiv r- l A . FLD#ozRu I E I TH E UN ITED STA TES D IST RICT CO U R T N FOR THE W ESTERN DI STRI OF VI GI A CT R NI R O A N O K E D I SI N VI O TI O TH Y W A YN E W R I H T, M G Pet toner, ii V. YVA R DEN PO N TO N , Res pondent . J 22 2 1 UL 23 JULAC. L M CLER I NJ E >; c ) a 6p C i lActon No.7: c 00105 vi i 13- v- ) ) ) ) ) ) ) M FM OR ANDV M QPI ON NI By: H on.Jacks L .K i on ser Se or U nied St e D i t i tJudge ni t at s s r c Ti o hy W a W rg ,aVig ni i t pr ee ngpr s fl ape ii f awrtof m t yne i ht r i a nma e oc di o es ied tton or i ha asc pus purua t 28U. 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Tra Couns w a pe m it d t w ihdr w f om r pr s n i pe ii r a t Cic tCour il el s r te o t a r e e e tng ttone , nd he r ui t a ntda he at y(û rtAppelat Couns ' t plruea a lwiht Cour of ppoi e not r tome lFis le el' o zs n ppea t he ) t Appe sofVigi a al r ni . TheCour o Appea sofVigi ade e t s eq n a tf l r ni ni d he ubs ue t ppea , di t tFis l hol ng ha r t Wright v. Ponton Doc. 17 Appe lt Couns lsa g e c le i t s tcincy oft evi ncehadno be la e e ' r um nt ha lngng he ufi e he de t en pr s r d f a a by TralCouns la t t r ga dl s , r tA ppela e Couns ' a gum e s e e ve or ppe l i e nd ha , e r e s Fi s lt els r nt c le ng w ine s s c e biiy w oul notm e i r le . Fis A ppe l t Couns lfl a a ha l ngi t s e ' r di lt d rt e i f r t la e e ied n ppea l Dockets.Justia.com t t Supr m e Cour ofV igi a a g ng,i e a i s ve a i f e tve a s s a e ofTral o he e t r ni , r ui nt r la, e r l ne f c i s i t nc i Couns lcli s butt Supr e am , he eme Cour ofVigi adimi s d t a t r ni s s e he ppea asnotpr pe l l o ry pefctd,purua t SuprmeCoul ofVigi aRul 5:7( ,be aus t peiim f a l re e s nt o e ' t r ni e 1 c) c e he ttc or ppea dale t a sg e 't t Cic tCour' r lng.W rg v.Co nweat No.091 i ild) o sin nor'o he rui f ts ui iht mmo 1h, 863, si o a 1( . v.1 , 0 9 . l p. t Va No 3 2 0 ) p Asar s toft sdimis d a a , heCic tCo tofAmhe s Count g a e e ul hi s s e ppe l t r ui ur rt y r nt d pe ii ne ' frtpr s sa eha speii f t cli t thehadbe n wr uly de e hi tto rs is o e t t bea tton or he am ha e ongf l ni d s rghtt a alt t Supr m e Cour ofV i g ni 1 Ba e on t Cic tCour ' tndi t i o ppe o he e t r i a. s d he r ui ts i ng, he Supr me Co tofVigi ape m it d pe ii rt fl adeaye a a wih ne y-e a ne e ur r ni r te ttone o ie l d ppe l t wl r t i d c e (t ondAppelt Couns l).Ho ver t SuprmeCour ofVigi adimis dt ounsl tsec lae e' we ,he e t r ni s se he s e nta ubs que ppea bec us Sec Appe l t Couns lf ie t E om pl w ih t r r m e sof l a e ond la e e a ld o s c y t he equie nt Rul 5:7()1(i)'otitt s ii er t)i t l rcour pr ee ngsuponwhih e 1 c( )ii't t s he pectc rors n he owe l t oc di c a p l n itn e )t rl ' W r tv Co n at No. 1 91 si o . t1( . a 1 , p el t n e dld o ey. kh . mmo we l a ' h, 1 01 , lp p a Va M y 6 2 1. 01 ) Pe ii r s ilpr ee ng w ih Sec Appe l t Couns ,fl d a s co s a e ha s ttone , tl oc di t ond la e el ie e nd t t bea pe ii n wih t Cic tCour ofAmhe s Count a g ng t tFis Appe lt Couns ls tto t he r ui t rt y, r ui ha rt lae e' r pr e a i t t Cour ofA ppe s ofV igi a w a i deq t be aus t C o tofAppe l e es nt ton o he t al r ni s na ua e c e he ur as wo d ha va a e t c ci i Fis Appelt Co elha a g d difr nti s .The ul ve c t d he onvi tons f rt lae uns d r ue fe e s ues Cic tCour ofAmhe s Count dim is d t s ond ha speii ass e sve purua t r ui t rt y s s e he ec bea tton ucc s i , s nt o 1Notbl ,t Cic tCour ofAmhe s Cot yalo dim is d alot rcli s i udi cam sofi f tve a y he r ui t rt mt s s s e l he am , ncl ng li nefeci assmleo Tra Comslwihp eu iea pocdtal b re o meies Peio e ddno a pelh Cic t sit c f il t e, t rj dc s r e t l ard r rt s. tin r i t p a te rui ry l t Cour' r lngt t Supr eCour ofVigi a. ts ui o he em t r ni Vigi aCodej8. - B)2) bec us $ fcsundel ngt cli weea lbl t r ni 01654( ( , a e he a t ryi he ams r vaia e o pe ii ne be or he fl d t fr ts a e ha spe ii tto r f e ie he is t t bea tton. Pettone ,silpr e di wih Se nd A ppela e Couns l a al d t t Supr m e ii r tl oc e ng t co lt e , ppe e o he e Cour ofVigi a, r ui 1 t Cic tCour erdbyfndi t s ondsaeha speiin t r ni a g ng ) he rui t re i ng he ec tt bea tto pr c d r l barda s c si e a d2 Fis Ap elt Coms lrn ee ief ci a ssa e o e u al re s uc e sv , n ) rt p l e t e e d r d n fe t sitnc y a ve ofc ouns l TheSu e Cour ofVigi ar us t c i t fr tcai a dimi s d t e. pr me t r ni ef ed o onsder he is l m nd s s e he s c n cam frno c mpli wihRue5 1 ()1(i b c u ep tto e ddn t d r s t e o d li o t o yng t l :7 c( )ii e a s eiin r i o a d e s he ) Cic tCour' r lng. r ui ts u i Pettone now a gue s ve m ai c a m si t i t ntf de a pe ii n, hi h r s ii r r se n n l i n he ns a e r l tt o w c e ponde nt a ksm e t di m i saspr dur ly de a t d. s o s s oce a l f ule TheCicui Cour ofAmhe s Co y vi ae pe ii r sduepr e sa e l r t t r t unt ol td ttone ' oc s nd qua pr t c i r g s when i: o e ton i ht t a Ad te E rj d ca e i e c o g t in rs alg dp o e iyf rvo e c , . mitd i eu iil v d n e f pei o e 'l le e r p nst o iln e' p t ' na l ()sae nt s mey i ttme s uggesi peiine c tng tto r ommitdwa c i i la (i te r rmes n r q, i) vd o a dph t g a hso peiin rsa s uto af l w imae (i)e ie eo ie n oo rp f tto e ' sa l n el n t,ii vd nc f o wea r c e i peii ' tuc a (v)e de er gadi peii rs pons e overd n ttoners r k, nd i vi nc e r ng ttone ' M ys pace page; b P o i e t j r wi û tihtnsnlto wh c i p o iie byt eVigni . r v d d he u y t $ lg i t cin ih s r hb td h r i a ha Stpf m e C O 4 ' l e u1 '' iAw mite )vie e d n ewi o taprpe f u d to o c i o c so y' ç j trd d o vie c t u o r o n ain r han f u t d ' r d h ; d. Ref ed t pe m i t def ns t c os - xnmi asa epolc i si t us o r t he e e o r se ne tt ie nve tgaor t e r ng whehert r ha bee aco - ori norng oft e de ei t s ga di r t he e d n verup g i he vi nc n he peii r sca eby t polcewho we ei ve ' ttone ' s he i r nvol d'; e Ov r ldCh d fn eso j ci nt teq sinp e b t ep o e u int is . enze û e e e s ' be to o h ueto osd y h r s c to o t t win s , si W hte a hsa s ra b i p eu ie a u r lt dt t e s Au tn itn, nd i n we s eng rj d c d nd n eae o et rt c eort pr e uton' ne es iyt pr t pe ii r sc r s and ihe he as he os c i s c st o ove he ttone ' ha ge ; S tie ûh Co n at so j cint t d fns ' p o frn usan d û e mmo we l be to o he ee e s r fe ig t h' Def nda ' Exhi tA f rt pur eofdef ndi agans t Com monwe lh' e nts bi o he pos e ng i t he at s pr f rng oft pe ii r s M ys e page. of e i he ttone ' pac ' ' TheCom monwe lh C olt d t es e e oft Br v nze'a pe ii r sduepr s at û a e he s nc vi he ad l ' nd ttone ' oce s a e nd qual ot ton rght w he i: pr ec i i s nt a P ee tdtsi n ik w t b p ru e fo wi e ssû . n e B. tne , . r sn e etmo y t ne o e ej rd r m t se C Fin y, S a ly n J E.Tur r J Da s Emiy Tup i Sha Ba ly and D.Dos '; ne , . vi , l n, ne ie s' b. Pr e e e de ofpe ii r s prorbad a t ;a es nt d vi nce ttone ' i c s nd c Faie t i tga et c ea tnse d de e m i d ...hert or oft . ld o nvesi t he as nd t t a t r ne i t i he y he peiin rlb i gg it o aci t t edi n t o ml tl' t o e g en u l f rme ha h d o c g mig. t y ' ûgéa e or me age isi vedi a wiht pettone ' ca e c tl w nf ce nt nce nvol n nd t he ii rs s , ommit ted muli eer si vi ai ofpeiine ' rghtt g ue( r s a rl l tpl ror n olton tto rs i o dj ploce s nd equa g r tci 'whe t y: ploe ton, n he ' a. Obt i d aw a r ntf rhi a r twiht tmony t y t w t bef l e' a ane ra o s res t esi he d kne o a s '; nd b. t Njve o c me to e o a mitdt tefc t a tae t r o ta ee d n e é e r n e n in d r d te o h a t h t rj co y r r c vie c g ha be ncomplt o t vitm' ve ca gilwhihwoul ha be cii l d e eed n he ci s hi l sc c d ve en rtca t tec s o t p tto ri d tr nngt ea t a h ih o teve ia gi) o h a e f he ei ne n eemii h cu l eg t f h hc l sc i whi h wa us i t c mison oft c i e t r by pot i l pr vi ng c s ed n he om s i he rm , he e entaly o di e ul t y e de oft peii ne ' i e e. xc paor vi nce he tto rs nnoc nc ' ' 4. The e de pr e e a ti w a i uf i e t e t bls pe ii r s guit vi nce es nt d t ral s ns fci nt o s a i h ttone ' l . 5. Pe ii rwa de e t e f tvea ssa ofFis Appel t Couns bec us c m s : ttone s ni d he feci s it nce rt lae el a e ot el a tg7ldnota quaeyr e e g ttone)a r quiedbyt Si ha . tl i de tl eprs nt peii r s e r he xt nd Fouree h A m endm e s ' a t nt nt '' nd 7 g aldt prs ntaC onsiutonalya Fjie o e e t tt i l dequaea l'whi d dha ( c t ppea,' ch s woul ve had) ar a ona epr biiyofarves lofg ttone 'jco ci ' e s bl oba lt e ra peii rs nviton. ' 6. Pe ii ne wa de edt e f c i as it nc ofTralCot e be a eTralCouns l tto r s ni he fe tve ssa e i ms l c us i e d o tgd er r t a weebohd fce ta dp eu iil ot p tto e'a df rh r d mmite l ro s h t r t eiin n rj d ca t he ei n r' n ' te c i u vi a e hi due pr s a e ol t d s oce s nd qualpr t ton r ght ,nn e y by: o ec i i s m l a. Faii t m ove f a change ofvenue prem i ed upon t publciy around lng o or s he it pe ii r sc e; ttone ' as b. Faii t d veorbrng amotonf aj me ofa quigj la t tmet lng o t mo i i or udg nt c tta t he i he Pr e ut o r s e is c e'' os c i n e t d t as ' , c Stpultngwihoutpe ii rsc e t tt gun us d i t m ur rbel d . i ai t ttone ' ons nt ha he e n he de onge t pe ii ne ; o tto r d. Faii t t a a a quat e mi ton oft e denc r eve t oug lng o d ke n de e xa na i m he vi e ec i d hr h dico r ' a i hehad,hewoul ha be n a et ( mpea h t t tmony of s ve y,' nd f d ve e bl o t i c he esi svea o fc r'wihrs e tt wh t e atae tr a ayssh dbe np ro me ; e rl fie s' t e p c o eh r rj co y n l i a e e f r d e. Fa lng t ( qua ey e mi ,i tga ea pr pa ef rt i r ton of ii o ç ade t l xa ne nvesi t nd e r o he ntoduc i t c c la t hnol c l adva ed e de ei t f m ofc lphone e hni a nd ec ogialy nc vi nc n he or el r or '; ec ds' Fa lng t û quael e mi ,i tga ea pr pa ef rt i r ton of ii o d ade t y xn ne nvesi t nd e r o he ntoduc i t cmi a a t c ogialy ad nce e de e i t f r ofc lpho e l c l nd e hnol c l va d vi nc n he o m el ne r ds'; ecor ' g. Faln Coo j c f rt er c r ( lt ep ru e sae nsa dtsi n ofc iig t be t o h e o d t h ej r d ttme t n e tmo y o t o d fn a t usi Da i, r s c to if r n s gn lJ me Fi e e d n J tn vs p o e u in n o ma t, a d a s mwy, Sa ly, B. tne B. zner...,E. col Tu pi Sha Baiey,a I D . s' Tlr Ni e r n, ne l nd nv. Dos '; h. Admitng hi f iur t r me be ca e1w co e ni S ni t doorf r ti s a l e o e m r s a nc r ng t ope ng he o (he pr e utont e or prorba acs' t l osc i o xpl e i d t'; FalngSoob e tt pr e uton' pr frngoft peii rsprorbada t t ii i j c o os c i s ofei t he ttone ' i cs o s how g l oft c i e w ih w hi he w a c r d whe t e pr orba ac s uit he rm t ch s ha ge n hos i d t w e e nots r ugge tve oforr l tvet t pe ii ne ' c r orc i es' si e a i o he tto r s ha ges r m '' Falng t notf pe ii rt thi r que tf r pr s ntton bya me be oft ii o iy ttone ha s e s or e e e a i m r he Unie St t sM a i Cor J td ae rne ps udgeAdvoc t Ge r lCor t r t ne t t a e ne a ps s was e ur d o he st e'; at ' k. Faln t o j c t t c u tst o frngo afrtd g e mu d r u yi sr cin iig o b e t o he o r' t fei f is-e r e r e j r n tu to pr whe t Comm o e 1h c e ry f ie t s n he nw at l a l al d o how be yond ar s bl doubtal ea ona e l as t oftrt-de e mur r' pecs isll gre de'' Fal gt o j c t t eCo n at sC r fei go tepeiin rsM y pa e ii o b e t o h mmo we lh' s o frn f h t o e ' s c n p t page'on gr ' ounds ofa he i iy' ut ntc t , m.FalngEoobec t t Commonwe t susngExhi t61t al t e oft ii t j t o he t alh' i bi o low hre he pr ecuton' w iness t i iy t pettoner wih t one s os i s t es o dentf he ii t hat ugges i pi ure tve ct a nota lne u o pa k ofpit e f a unbi ed i nttcai ' nd i p r c cur s or n as de ii ton'; Fa lng t pr ry s ii o ope l ubpoena A s i t n Com m onw e lh' A tor y St pha e S. ssa t a t s t ne e ni M addo whi h pr ve t d peii rfom que toni he Ca obt i ng c iial x, c e n e ttone r si ng r ûnd ani rtc evi ncet twoul po e ily e ul t hi a trs wihdr w ...fom t de ha d t nta l xc pae m fe he t e r he ca e ' a s '' nd o. Fal t mo et s p r s E vd n ea d o tsi n 'whihp eu ie ii o v o u p e s d ie c n / r e tmo y' c rj dc d ng e peiin rbe a ei ifa dt juy. t o e c us t n lme he t' t 7 T e dso j tc e c p in, sstflhi Ru e5:7o t eRu e o teS p e Co r . he n f usie x e to a e o' n l 1 f h ls f h u rme u t t o Vigna so l o eaet t itt ta ti p tto b tetda to hiwee f r ii,h ud j rt o t cae h ths eiin e rae sh ug t r d ( tto e ')i ta d rc a p a . Pei o rf rh rcams a an,ha h wa d n e peiin rs ni l le t p e l' tt ne u te li , g i t t e s e id i ' i t e f tvea ssa ofc he feci s it nce ouns durng hi i ta a a t t Cour ofAppe sof el i s nii l ppe l o he t al Vigni by Fis Appela eCouns lsr inc o t we kes ofa 1a lbl a lae ri a rt lt e ' ela e n he a t 1 vaia e ppelt i s s. s ue N ot bl pe ii rdoesnota l ge a i f ec i a s s a e ofc a y, ttone le n ne f tve s it nc ouns c ai a i t el l m ga ns Se condAppela eCouns ,whof ie t pe f c t delyed a lt el al d o r e t he a ppea t t Supr me Cour of l o he e t Vigi a fld t s es i sae ha aspetton,andfld t a a oft s ce svesa e r ni , ie he ucc sve t t be ii e he ppe l he uc s i t t ha aspe ii n. be tto Il. Pe ii ra g i c am 7t t1s dbr dl it l e Supr me Cour ofVigni ttone r ues n l i ha houl oa y n ew t e t ri a Rul 5: t a l hi t r ie hi c ai st Vi g ni sa la e c t . A f de alc tm ay e 17 o low m o efl s l m o r i a' ppe l t our s e r our g a th b a r l ffo asaec u tud me tû ny o t eg o n ta g p tto e)i i rn a e s ei r m tt o rj g n t l n h r u d h t t ei n r s n e o he i c t i vi ai n oft Co tt i orlwsorteai soft Unie Stt v'28U. C. usody n ol to he nsiuton a r te he t d a es' S. j225 $.Ac r ngl fdealha sr le i nota ia et cor c it pr ai ofsae 4( co di y, e r bea eif s valbl o re t ner ettons tt l lkeRul 5: 7 t tdonoti i t a f de a rg . Hal y v. r ey,580 F. 11 11 aw, i e 1 , ha mplcae ny e r l i ht ie Do s 2d 2, 5 ( hCi.1 (d atr ofsaelw noti vi fdealc tt ina is a eno 4t r 978) çM tes tt a nvol ng e r onsiuto l sues r t 6 a opraegrundsf fdealha sc pusr le .) Thus 1deci t c i rt me isof ppr it o or e r bea or eif' . ' , lne o onsde he rt cl i 7 ba e on an i e pr t i ofVi gi a l w . am sd nt r e aton r ni a 11 1. A. A f de alco ' 4 a notg a a w rtofha ascor t a pe ii r i s a e c t e r ul t y tm r nt i be pus o ttone n t t us ody unl s t pe ii ne ha fr te us ed hi s a e r m ed e by pr e i hi cl i st t hi s e s he tto r s i s xha t s tt e is es ntng s a m o he ghe t saec u t'Ba rv Co c rn, 2 F.d27 , 8(t Ci. 0 ) S e2 U. C. 2 4() tt o r. ke . r oa 2 0 3 6 28 4h r 20 0 . e 8 S. j 25 b ' ( ndai e usi .Thepur eofe usi i t gi t tt co t af 1 a fi ma tng xha ton) pos xha ton s o ve d ae urs u1 nd ar s opport t t r ol f r lco tt i lc am sbef et e ca msa epr s ntd t t tmiy o es ve ede a nsiutona l i or hos li r e e e o he fde a cou t.'O' lva v. rke,526U. 838,846( 999) Thee usi rquieme e r l rs' Suli n Boec l S. 1 . xha ton e r nt i s tsi d by fndi t tt û s e i ll ga t ore a f t lal ga i a nc d i f de a s ai te i ng ha he t s nta e l he i s nd acua le tons dva e n e r l e co t...rrqt s mea t ead nc a la to et t hi tsaec t' Pr tv. ur ae he n s hos va ed t e s nc o he ghes tt our. uet ' Thomps n,771F.Supp.1 1 ( D. 1 ) afd,996F. 15 ( hCi.1 o 428, 436 E. Va. 991 , f 2d 60 4t r 993) (ii Piadv. n o , 0 U. 2 0 2 5 7 ( 9 :.Th r f r, eiin rmu tp e e t t ctng c r Co n r 4 4 S. 7 , 7 - 6 1 71 e eo e p tto e s rs n boh t s m ea g e a f t s he a r um nt nd ac ual uppo tt t s a e co t i t flng t cl m w ih a f de al r o he t t ur pr or o ii he ai t e r co t Anderonv. re s 459U.S.4,6- ( 98 . ur. s Ha ls , 7 1 2) P t in rag e i tn cams1a,1c -t, , , , n 6i hi trt p os saeh b a ei o e r u d nsa t li () ()( 2 3 4 a d n s is, r e tt a e s t ) pe ii n t t Cic tCour o Amhe s Count buthedi nota alt dimi s loft s tto o he r ui tf rt y, d ppe he s s a he e camst t eS p e Co r o Vigna Alo, eiin rh sn t e e tdcams1b a 7t li o h u rme u t f r i i. s p tto e a o prs n e li () nd o t Supr m e Cour o V i g ni i a pr ora he e t f r i a n ny i ppea . Co e nty,pe ii r f l d t e us l ns que l ttone aie o xha t sae c t e e e f rc am s1 4 a 6t t our r m di s o l i - nd 7. B. (A cl i t tha notbee pr e e t t hi he ts a e c t ve t l sm a be ( a m ha s n es nt d o he g s t t our ne rhe es y teaed a e r t s xhaused i i i c e rt t c am woul bepr edur ly ba r t rsa e1w i t f t s l a hat he l i d oc al red mde tt a f t pe ii ne at mpt d t pr s nti t t sa ecou t' Ba rv.Cor or 220 F. 276, he tto r te e o e e t o he tt r . ke ' c an, 3d 288 (t Ci. 0 0 (iigGryv. t eln , 8U. 1 2,1 ( 9 6 (- hee h usi n 4h r 2 0 ) ctn a Neh ra d 51 S. 5 61 1 9 :. tf x a to gl r quie e f cli notf ry pr en e t t sae' hi he tc ti t hnialy m e e r m nt or a ms ail es t d o he t t s g s our s ec c l t w he ...a s a e pr e a r l w o d ba co i r ton i t c a m w a l t rpr e e t t n t t oc dur l u e ul r ns de a i f he l i s a e es nt d o he saec u t'M ate v Ev t,1 F.d9 7 91 ( t Ci.1 9 )(iai n o te ) tt o r. th ws . at 05 3 0 , 1 4h r 9 7 ctto s mitd ' ( rur donot rgr ove t ne he oundsbyMilrElv. eke,5 U. 231 241( le- Drt 45 S. , 2005). ) U ne us e c a m s 1 4 and 6- a e t e t d ast hni a l e xha t d l i 7 r rae ec c ly xhaus e be us t s a e t d ca e he t t l w st tgove ' s e s ve ha aspe ii a t tm e t a a pr e aly ba pe ii a ha l ucc s i n be ttons nd he i o ppe l oc dur l r ttoner fom r ur ngt sae c t o pr e t cli st t Supr me Cour ofVigi a.Se VA. r et ni o t t our t es nt he am o he e t r ni e CO j8. - 5 ( ( )(t wrts al eg a tdo t eb sso a yalg to o f cso DE 016 4 B)2 t No i h lb r ne n h a i f n le ain f a t f whi peiine ha knowl a t tmeofflngal prvi petton. i j8. ch tto r d edge t he i ii ly e ous ii ' d. 01l; 6 1A)i (etn at re mo t lmit fl ap tto fra p a fo atil o r t t 7 ( () stig h e - nh i t o ie ei n o p e l r m ra c u to he i SuprmeCour ofVigi a ;i j8. - 3(etngat ry- ylmi t not a a lfom a e t r ni) d. 01675. s ti hit da i t o e n ppea r tilc u t ot eCo r o Ap e l o Vign af rfna ci na j d me t) S e ec.W h te v. ra o r t h u t f p as f r ii o i l rmi l u g n s. e . . , ily Bar 8 2F.d 1 7 1 0 (t Ci. 9 6 t gl i let a p a camsd s o e o b asae i, 0 2 48 , 5 0 4h r 1 8 ) tF alr o p e l li ip s d f y tt t t ha a ti co tc tt esapr e la ba t flt rf r rvi ofs hcai .) be s ral ur onsiut oc dtr l r o trhe edeal e ew uc l ms' . ' Cons que l c a m s 1 4 a 6- a e t ea e ast c c ly e us e bec us ofV igi a' e nty, l i - nd 7 r r t d e hni a l xha t d a e r ni s pr ed alnze . oc ur l s A peii ne a s pr dur l de aulsa f r ha asca m whe a sae c tde lne tto r lo oce aly f t ede al be li n tt our ci s t c i rt c am ' m e ison t bassofa a qua ea i pe o onsde he l i s rt he i n de t nd nde ndentsat pr dur lr e. t e oce a ul He ikv.Tr 443F. 3 359(t Ci. drc ue, 3d 42, 4h r 2006) A saec tsfndi ofpr edurldeful . tt our' i ng oc a a t i en il d t a pr s pton ofc r c nes ,pr de t o f s tte o e um i or e t s ovi d w ounda i lr quiem e s a e m e . 28 tona e r nt r t U. C. 2 5 () Clno v. t v 8 5F.d 1 3 ,1 41( t Ci.1 8 ) F rt tesaee u t S. j 2 4 d ' a t n M mc , 4 2 2 8 2 4h r 9 8 . is,h tt o r , m us e iil r l o t pr e algr md t de peii rr le .Y1tv. t xplcty e y n he oc dur ot o ny ttone ei f s Nunne a r 501 m ke , U. 7 7 8 2 0 ( 9 ) Ha sv. e , 9U. 2 5 2 9 61( 9 9 .S c n ,hesae S. 9 , 0 - 3 1 91; ni Re d 48 S. 5 , 5 - 1 8 ) e o d t tt pr e a r eus d t de a tpe ii r sc am mus be a i pende and a uae sae oc dur l ul e o f ul ttone ' l i t n nde nt deq t tt gr f de ngrle .For v. or i,498U. 411 423- ( ) Hars 489U. a ound or nyi eif d Ge ga S. , 24 1991; ri, S. t 260.A sa epr ed a r ei ti pe nt'i i doe notde ndupon af r lc tt to l t t oc ur l ul s tnde nde ' f t s pe ede a onsiu i na r i a ia qua e'i i i tr l esabls d a r gulry orc it l a ple by t sae ulng nd sde t ' f t s im y t ihe nd e a l onssenty p i d he t t cour.Ye tsv.Al eone,166F. 255, 64 ( hCi.1 ) t at w l 3d 263- 4t r 998 . Alhough pe ii ne pr e e cli 5 t t Su e Cour ofVigi avi Se nd t tto r es nt d am o he pr me t r ni a co Appela eCouns lsa a ofhi s ond sa eha a peii t underyi pe ii pr par d lt e ' ppe l s ec t t be s tton, he l ng tton e e b S c ndAp elt Co s l sds se a s c e sv , u s n t VignaCo ej801 y eo p lae un e wa imis d s u c sie p rua t o r ii d . 6 4( () a dt es e i cam wa d s s e f rp tt n rsfi let c mpywihS p e 5 B)2 , n h p ct li s imis d o eii e ' alr o o l t u r me k o t Co r o VignaRul 5 1 ()1 (i .Vig naCo ej8016 4 B)2 a dRu e5:7 c ae u t f r ii e :7 c( )ii r i i d . - 5 ( ( ) n l 1 () r ) cla l r cog ze i pe nta a e ry e ni d nde nde nd dequae sae lwst tpr e aly barpe ii ne fom t t t a ha oc dur l tto r r s ki fde a ha a r i .SeeGr v,51 U. a 1 ( di t tacli bardbyVa. ee ng e r l be s elef a 8 S. t 62 hol ng ha am re Co eAl j801 6 4( ()wa ç tc n z b ei afd r l ut o t ewrtl Clc t v d m. . - 5 B)2 s t og ia l n e e a s if r h i' ' a et . no ', Angeone 209F. 370,379( hCi.2000)( di acai waspr edu al dea t l , 3d 4t r hol ng l m oc r ly fuled bec us i ha bee bar i saecour byVigi a' r eagans s e sveha aspeii l a e t d n red n tt t r ni s ul i t ucc s i be ttons; M uele v. l ,181F. 557,58 ( h Ci.1 (i ngt tt peii rspr dtrl lr Anceone 3d 4 4t r 999) fndi ha he ttone' oce la d futp rua t oS p e Co r o Vign aRue5 1 ()wa a i d p nd n a a e u t ea l u s n t u r me u t f r ii l :7 c s n n e e e t nd d q ae saeg o t fr cl erviw oft f rlcam) Ac r ngl peii rha pr e al tt r und o o e os e e he edea li . co di y, ttone s oc dur ly de a t d al ofhi f r ha scai f ule 1 s ede al bea l ms. A f r lc t a notr vi apr e aly d a t d cli a e as w i ofc us ede a our m y e ew oc dur l ef ule am bs nt ho ng a e a prj c o af nda ntlmic rigeofj tce.Colma v. mps 501U. 722, 0 nd eudie r u me a s ara usi e n Tho on, S. 75 ( 991.Thee se ofca eor na iyt nsuponas ngofi fe tvea ssa of 1 ) xitnce us di rl ur howi nefci s itnce c ouns l a f c o e e na t t de e et ti pe c e , a t r xtr l o he f ns ha m ded ompla wih t sa epr dur lnze, ince t he tt oce a l o t en v lyo t cam.1 . t 3 5 Clz av. u rv 91 F.d 1 9 1 0 ( t Ci. r h o et f he li d a 75 -4; o z M ra , 3 2 0 2, 1 4 4 h r 1 ) Se M atnezv. n, - S. ,1 S. .1 ( )(rai almii 990 . e ri Rva - U. 32 Ct 309 2012 ce tng i tng qualf c ton t Col m a f t ubs a i l' l i s ofi f ec i a s s a ofti lc iia i o e n or d t nta ' c a m s ne f tve s it nce r a ouns lw he e e r t (c us ' w aseihe no c he û a e ' t r ouns lo t i f e tve a s s a e ofc e r he ne f c i s i t nc ouns ldur ng t i ta s a e e i he nii l t t c ltr lpr e ng) A pettone ' unfmiirt wih 1w orac tspr e alr esdoes olae a oce di . ii rs n laiy t a our' oc dur ul no pr de a ba i f es a i hi c us Se e R. H a r sv. c dor 334 F. 665,668t ovi s s or t bls ng a e. es . , r i M A y, 3d 69 (t Ci. 0 3 (i igta ap tto e ' p os sau d e n tc nsi t a e uaeg o n f r 7h r 2 0 ) fndn h t eiin rs r e tt s o s o o tt e d q t r u d o u c u e .A Cu d me tl s ara eof u tc 'o c r i t ee ta r i ay c s whee6 a s ) t n a na mic rig j sie' c u s n h xr od n r a e r û f a consiutonalvi ai ha pr ba y r ule i t c c i ofonewho i a t ly i e . tt i ol ton s o bl es td n he onviton s cual nnoc nt' ' M u rvv. ni r 4 7U. 4 8 4 ( 9 ) ra Ca e , 7 S. 7 , 95 1 91 . Peiin rc n te tbiht t fnd me tl s a i g o j siee it b c u ea tto e n no sa ls ha a u a n a mic n a e f u tc xss e a s r viw oft ti r co d r veast tpe ii n kild t vitm by s i afr a m fo hi e e he ral e r e l ha tto le he c i hootng ie r r m s vehi l a t vi tm ,w ho w a d i ng a t rve c e. A lho h g ve t opporuniy, c e t he c i s r vi no he hi l t ug i n he t t pe ii r now pr e ng pr s , o sn ta d e sa ye us a dp eu iet e u eh s ttone , oc edi o e d e o d r s n a e n rj dc o xc s i - pr ed a def ul.Pe ii rd no a l e a c am ofi feci as itnc ofco el oc ur l a t ttone oes t leg ny l i ne f tve ssa e uns agans Se nd Appela e Co el a i i notadititc tso i ton t i si t a i t co lt uns , nd t s src our' blga i o nve tgae nd c n tu t li o c us a dp eudc s s o t o b h l o ap o s l ia t S eBr c v. o sr c cams f a e n rj ie ua p n e n e af f r e i g n . e o k t Ca l 1 7F.d2 , 4 (t Ci. 9 7 ( ti , .c nc rig ; a d t v. t o Ha t n nol, 0 3 41 2 3 4h r 1 9 ) Lu tg J, o u rn l Be u et Ci f mp o , y 7 F.d 1 7 ,1 78( t Ci. 98 ) Go d nv. e e 5 4F.d 1 4 1 51(t Ci. 97 ) 75 2 2 4 2 4h r 1 5 ; r o Le k , 7 2 1 7, 1 4h r 1 8 (ec nii t tadititc ti no e t t msu t r eofa r og zng ha src our s t xpeced o s me he ol dvocaef apr s t or - e o pli ig.Se alo Gr 51 U. a 1 (t a epeii rma snoatmptt de nsr t antf e s av, 8 S. t 62 t us ttone ke Bec te o mo tae c u eo p eu ief rhi d futi saeh b a p o e dng , i cam i n tc g z bei a a s r rj d c o s ea l n tt a e s r c e i s h s li s o o nia l n f rls tf t wrt' .Ac or ngl pettone f ist e us hi pr dlrldea tof edea ui or he i.' c di y, ii r al o xc e s oce za ful ) cl i s 1 7,a t pe ii m us be di m i s a m - nd he tton t s s ed. lV . Fort f e ng r a ons lgr ntr ponde ' m oton t di m i s a di m i st pe ii n he or goi e s , a es nts i o s s nd s s he tt o f awrtofha sc pus Ba e upon my tndi t tpe ii rha notm a t r quiie or i bea or . s d i ng ha ttone s de he e st s tnta s ngofade alofaco tmtona rghtasr uie by28U. C.j225 ,a ubsa il howi ni nsi i l i eq rd S. 3/) c rii a eofa e tfc t ppeaabiiy i de e l lt s ni d. The Clr i die t d t s nd ac oft sM e or ndum Opi on andt ac ompa ng ek s rce o e opy hi m a ni he c nyi Or rt pe ii ra c de o ttone nd ouns lofr or f r ponden . e ec d or es t EN TE R :Thi s 1aoJl2013. dy tu -y , ) Se ' Unied St t sD i t i tJ or t a e sr c udge

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