Makdessi v. Ayers et al, No. 7:2013cv00079 - Document 78 (W.D. Va. 2014)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION---------replaces and vacates DE 76 . Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 09/22/2014. (kab)

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rdKRK%O-tl F U t.)S1. v C'C w (I ' ' 5 l X- 5tr . ,îgW* b. 1, 'i .khkjj 2X 6 * ' % . . -. p,.j.( . ,r; !.. u rp i C. r 1 7 . u-. u . I TH E U NI N TED STATES DISTR I T C O U RT C FO R TH E W ESTERN DI STR I T O F V I G I I C R N A R O AN O K E DIV ISIO N A D I ED D I R AM EZ M A K D ESSI B E , . 24 0N I I tt r. ' .. ' cIfrt l .N v. . ' . vy .z7s z A ' o wc z . wr - f BY; D Ek /CL.RK r ' h e C A SE N O .7: 3CV 00079 1 Pl ntff ai i , V. M EM O M N D U M O PI I N N O L. FLEM I W ARDEN, & , J. NG, c By:Gln E.Conr e ad C hi fU nied St e D i t i Judge e t at s s r ct Defnda t) e nts. Adi Eddi Rn e M a b e m z kdes i a Vigi a i ae pr e ng pr K ,fl d t s cvi rgh s s, r ni nm t oce di o ie hi i l i t a tont ci mder42U. C.j 1 a t c ei now rpeont dee nt'moton f sl r S. 983, nd he as s i he fnda s i or lmmay j d me t Up n rve o t erc r , h c u tfn maeilfcsi d s ue a t M a d sis u g n . o e iw f h e o d t e o r ids tra a t n ip t s o k e s' cai st t t r t lae a ns M a s f a pe ng l ui,one gr up ofdef ntprs l m ha, o e ai t gai t kdes i or ndi aws t o enda ion ot asc fe hi b hidh sb c k wi iwo l c u es ro p i t h sij rd s o le . f l u fd m e n i a k, no ng t ud a s eius an o i nu e h ud r ki F rtera o sae t ec u td n e s mma yj d me ta t t i cam, u g a t s mmay o h e s ns ttd, h o r e is u r u g n s o h s li b t rn s u r j d me ta t M a d sisoh rc n e to sl u g n s o k e s' t e o tn in . 1 Bac ound . kzr I Nove be 201 M a s iwa i a c r t d i t pr e tve c t uni a Ke n m r 2, kde s s nc r e a e n he otc i usody t t en Mot an Core tona Ce e. Att tme,M a s wasptrui a j 1 co ai i mti r ci l ntr hat i kdesi ls ng 983 mpl nt n whi h healege t t i Dec mbe 201 a W al nsRi St t Prs he wasr pe by hi ce l c l d ha , n e r 0 t le dge ae ion, a d s l m a e a at c d by o he gang me be s a t tt def nda ofi er et r s i t or t nd ta ke t r m r nd ha he e nt fc s ihe olcied dei r t y f ie t i e v ne. Se M a s iv.Fil se a1, Ca e No.7: CV26 By lbe ael a ld o nt r e e kde s e ds t . s 11 2. ' Thi o ni a t ac mpa ng or rwilr a t o ni a o de is on Septmbe 1 , s pi on nd he co nyi de l eplce he pi on nd r r s ued e r 8 201 ,t c re tmio tpo rp c lerr a dt c a g t lcto f rtej r tilt b she ue i ti 4 o orc n r y ga hia ro s n o h n e he o ain o h u y ra o e c d ld n hs m a tr butdonotot r s atrt c tsr i ont pa tes m otons te , he wie le he our' ulngs he ri ' i . ' Nove r201 t c thadde e sl r j me i pa tr fredt rmani cli mbe 2, he our nid lmmay udg nt n r, eer he e i ng ams t tema itaej d e a o tie p ob noc u s l o M a d si o h g srt u g , nd b an d r o o n e f r k e s. 2 l Fe zar 201 Ma sifld t prs ntj1 3 a ton,ase tng t tt dee nt n btr y 3, kde s ie he e e 98 ci s ri ha he fnda prs n ofk i s had r t la e a i thi f r t pe ng lws ti varous wa . Li r ly io t al e a it d gans m o he ndi a ui n i ys be a l c tui hi nme onsr ng s nded co pl ntfl d i M a 201 t s a e t is s heha br m ai ie n y 3, he e r he s ue s oughtbe o e fr ' t c t he our : 1 . On No e e 29 2 2,f u prs n of as t ome td t t e od lws i' ( j r v mb r , 01 o r io t l t r ce o h l a ut' Mao ki c Gali r Lt Fi ds Lt M c e a Asit W ade Kier rtlae agans M a s i lha, . el , . oue n, nd ss. r n s ) eaitd i t kde s by s ndi t e ofier fo Re Oni Stt Prs ( t r Ayes Po ,and e ng hre tc s rm d on ae ion Ofke s r, pe J l o )t th e tng)( mlt do teod o g ig lws fSb ()s a ig d wn h s o ms n o t rae hi o r p h l n on a ui' y a h kn o i t c l;( itnin l riju n M a d sis s o le b c fi h sh n s b hn hs el b) ne t al en ti g k e s' h ud r y u fng i a d e id i o y ba k,at c lhough ohe i tswe ec fdt t font a ()t owi a y doc t t r nmae r ufe o he r , nd c hr ng wa umens a d lg l s p is fo t lws i. ( n Co l 1 ECF No. 1 - ) Ke n n e a u pl r m he a ut Ame d. mp . , e 9 2. e M ount i sOfierYaesa sse i t eaci whi h we e t lowe a e m a d' an' fc t s it d n hes tons c r û l d nd nco ge ' a by W a de Flmi AsitntW ade Clr Pr eci Cusody CTC' Uni Ma ge r n e ng, ssa r n ay, ot tve t ' t na r ) S k s PC Lt Owe s a dPC Ofie Ph lps4whl M ao Kel s p r ie a ddi n t y e, . n,n fc r il , ie j r l u e vs d n d o i y itr e e (d. ne v n . 1 ) 2 S mei ltr tema itaej g rc mme d de ty o j d me tfrt d fn nsa d tec ut o tme ae, h gsrt ud e e o n e nr f u g n o he ee da t n h o r a o tdterc mme d to s Ma d si . ed, s No 7:1 d pe h e o n ain . k es v FilsCae . 1 CV00 6 201 W L 5 5 3 0( . Va S p. 4, 2 2, 3 3 3 3 W D. . e t2 2 3 . Ma des' a p a i t tc s i n w p n ig b fr t Untd Sae Co r o Ap asfrteFo rh 01 ) k sis p e l n ha ae s o e dn eo e he ie tts u t f pe l o h u t Cic i@ o.1 -6 6 . rut 37 0 ) 3 The eofi r ale y t d M a s it tt y knew a s tce s lgedl ol kde s ha he bouthi l ui a t thewas<atoublmake, s aws t nd ha ç r e r a d a cy ba y bea s (e cid l e ab b whe (e g trpe a Waln Rig ' ta hec ul n thd , n r b , c u e h l re i k a y n h l o a d t l s d e' h t o d o ie e ; be us ev i pr e i c t ca e en n ot ctve us ody, t y woul come a fnd you, and ge youi and t Gali r Fi ds he d nd i t ' ' hat lha , el , Mc le ,a dKie ( e tEi t i rg r s' (d 2. Asteo i r sac e hi c l, k si l g st t ot n n srt n hm)her e ad . I . ) h fkes erh d s elMa des al e ha he e s ' e h adt m syûh yn e e t t da ytigwi AstW ad nKie ' n meo ia dd sryi. (d. ) e r he a t e e d d o i n hn t s. r e srs a n t n eto t' l 3. t n h ' 4 M a s ir f r t t sdee nta Ofi rPhii . Bec us i i now cl rt tt ofke sa t name kde s e e s o hi fnda s fce lp a ets ea ha he t r' cual i Philps t cour wilus t tna s li ,he t l e ha me. 2 2. Be or t s ar h,M a f e he e c kdes iG m a t srp down na d,a m a t be ove ,and s t was de o ti ke nd de o nd r j mp u a d d wn a d s ua d wn a d rp a tep o e s... n d t n st a we e u p n o , n q t o , n e et h rc s a d o hig h t r veyt omf tbl a s xua i naur a pai ul' (#=2. r mc ora e nd e ln t e, nd nf . J . ) ' 3. Ofk e s a t s ke t r t he ha down di note tr t tM a s r ceve medi lteam e a tr d nsze ha kdes i e i d ca r t nt fe hi s o l e wa r ijle d rn tes ac s h u d r s en t d u ig h e rh. r 4. On M a c 1 201 De e ntOwe ha hi iston ahar metlc ri hi of f r h 2, 3, f nda ns d m ii d a hai n s fce or 7h u s(tag t'i s t o hi b c ij r .(d 5) o r sr ihl'n pi f s a k n u y I . . e 5. On M a c 1 ,2 3, a d siwa G ta p e t a ee tia s o k bo o (ilb c r h 3 01 M k e s s t r plld o n lcrc l h c x n h s a k s a d sr plld tg tt (i)was i o d rt c us ( i p i a d ma e( mlp rn i ' n ta p e ih o h s it n r e o a e hm) an n k hi aa o d' s t thec dnotc e rt onhi c tc s t tday.(d o ha oul onc ntae s our a e ha L=) 6. Afe M a tr kdes ic s ompli t tOfkerPhilpshad s ly as a t d a ha a s d hi aned ha t li exua l s ule nd r s e m r a e t t srp s r h on Nove be 29,201 Owe r t it d by puti M akde s elt d o he ti ea c m r 2, ns eala e tng si i s gr ga i f om A pr l1 t 25, 3, iho a di c plnar c r e. n e e ton r i 6o 201 w t ut s i i y ha g M akde s a s a s rs t t t alege i t es of r t la i pr ent i pe s i lo s e t ha he l d nsnnc e a iton es nde nden t vi a i ofhi c tt i ol tons s ons iutonalrght undert Fi s ,Fotr h,Ei ht orFour e nt A m e i s he r t lt g h, te h ndm e s nt . Th d fn nsh v fld a wes( No .45 & 6 )a a mo in frs mmayj d me t e ee da t a e ie ns r ECF s 0 nd to o u r u g n ( No.61 ,s ECF ) upporedbynumeousafda t. M a siha fl t veiid rs e t t r fi vis kde s s ied wo rfe e pons s o t eragl n sa e d n e ( No .4 a 6 ) ma i g t e d fnd n s mo in rp f r h i rtme t nd vie c ECF s 6 nd 6 , k n h ee a t' to ie o c i r ton.5 onsde a i 5 Th c u tt stemoin frs mmayj g n rp frdsosto ,d s ieMa d sisc mplit e o r i h to o u r ud me t ie o ip iin ept k e s' o ans nd t thedi notha ac es t hou sofs velanc c a f a on muli edats a her quesed i dic r ha d ve c s o r ur il e amer ootge tpl e , s e t n s ove y be o et de e nt r s f r he f nda s e pondedt hi c o s ompli .Thec tgrnt t defnda sapr eci o de ,pe ngt r ant our a ed he e nt ot tvt r r ndi hei s miso o tesmmayj g n moin.Th r atr Ma d si v dt sb e acranfoa eio til' ub sin f h u r ud me t to ee fe, k es mo e o u po n eti o tg s r ra. f ' ( to 1 ECF No.6 . Mo e v r e e n w,h fist s o ta a y o terq e td vd o foa wo l Moin , 8) ro e, v n o e al o h w h t n f h e u se ie o tge ud rs le a y fcu lds t maeilt t ds sto o hscamso s mmayj d me t Aste c u th ri e ov n a ta ipue tra o he ipo i n f i li n u r u g n . h o r een i dee mi t tM a s' cai a tr nes ha kdes is l ms boutbei c f be nd hi ba durng t s kedown on Nov ng ufed hi s ck i he ha embe 29, r 20l mus got tilt cour wildie tt dee 2, t o ra,he t l r c he fndant t pr et vi o oft s ke s o oduc he de he ha down ont tdae. ha t 3 ll. D i si scus on M akde s' prm a y c e i n i t s l ws t ha bee t t t de enda s a tons s is i r ont nto n hi a ui s n ha he f nt ' c i dtrng t s ke li he ha down on Nove r 29,201 a t r ferwe e t n i r t la i f hi mbe 2, nd he ea t r ake n e a iton or s t n- ngoi l w s t Prs of i a sm a notpuni h a i a e f e r s ng hi c tt i he o ng a ui. i on fci l y s n nm t or xe ci i s ons iutonal rg tt a c s t e c u t Hu p t v. a is 5 4 F.d 1 45 1 4 (t Ci.1 78 . On t e ih o c e s h o r. ds eh Fi an , 8 2 3 , 3 7 4 h r 9 ) h o he ha r t lai ca ms by prs r a i t prs ofk il û us .. r gar ed wih t r nd, e ai ton li ione s ga ns ion t a s t t .be e d m t s ptc s l tf de alcours e oi t m s l i e r dicplna y a tt toc tr i sa e ke i im, es e r t mbr l he e ves n ve y s i i r c ha czs n t t p n li t u in . Ada v Rie 4 F.d7 , 4( t Ci. 9 4 .Animaemus p e e t r e a nsi to s' ms . c , 0 3 2 7 4h r 1 9 ) t ' n t t r s n mo e ta û a e alg t nso rp ia. I He mu tsae s e ii fcst etb ih t a ()i h n i k d le ai f e rs l' d. n o ' s tt p cfc a t o sa ls h t a n rs o s t h se e cs o ac n tmto al pr tce rg t ( )ted fn a tt o s me a to e p n e o i x rie f o si in l oe td ih , b h e e d n o k o cin y t a ( )a v reyi a td o ij rd hm a dhi a iiyt e e cs hsc nsi to a rg t l . h t c d e s l mp ce r nu e i n s b l o x r ie i o tt in l ih . d t u He mus de onsr t t t hi e r ie of hi c tt i na rg wa a l ubsa i l' or t m ta e ha s xe c s s onsiuto l i ht s G t nta' s t otva i 'f c orbe nd t a l ge y r t la or a ton. W a r v.W he l r 1 F. 8 90û i tng' a t m hi he le dl e a i t y c i gne e e , 3 3d 6, 91( h Ci.1 (ii Mt He t Civ SchoolDititBoad ofEduc ton v.Doyl 429 4t r 993) ctng . alhy t src r ai e, U. 2 4 2 7 ( 9 7 (e urn p an ift s o t c us lr lto s p bewe n te p o e td S. 7 , 8 1 7 ) rq iig litf o h w ç a a eain hi t e h r tce a e p e so a d t e r tl t r a to ' . M ee çe o a p o i t ' b t e t imaes x r sin n h eai o y ci n' a ) r t mp rl r x miy' ewe n he n t ' t pr t c e aci t a t ofi ils al dl r t la o y ac i t ssmpl t sende a r d on o e t d tviy nd he fca ' lege y e a it r ton ç i y oo l r ee i whih t r t'a j1 rtlai cai I a 91. Si lry,alge rtlaor c c o es' 983 eaiton l m. d. t mial le d eait y onduc t t t ha c us no m or t n m e e i onve e e t t pl i if s e r s of hi c tt i lr ghti a es e ha r nc ni nc o he a ntf xe cie s ons iutona i s i ufiintt s r a j 1 cam. Amei n Ci lLi tesUni v.W iomio Couny, ns tce o uppo t 983 li rca vi beri on c c t 999F. 78 78 ( hCi.1 . 2d 0, 6 4t r 993) 4 A.Dee fndant Galhar Fi ds M c e and Kie s li , el , oue n, sr I r s ns t t d fn a t'e ie c o s mmayj d me t M a d sisae t th n epo e o he e e d n s vd n e n u r u g n , k e s tts ha e wilwihd a hi camsa i tDefnda sGalha ,Fil ,M c en,a Kie,be us hi l t r w s li gans e nt li r eds oue nd s r ca e s o ye i e c a an t h m i l e ra ' ( c ndVeiidRe p n e2, No. 6) Ba e o nl v d n e g is t e s t as y. Se o h ' rfe s o s ECF 6 . sd n t sunequi ali en t wihdr w a1 cai s a i tt e def nt ,t c twildimi s hi voc nt t o t a 1 l m gans hes enda s he our l s s Ma siscli a i tGali r Fil , c e a Kier kde s' ams gans lha, eds M oue n, nd s . B. TheShake w n do M a s idoe nots ii a l r ta ta ofhi f c ua al ga i a kde s s pecfc ly e r c ny s a t l le tons boutt s ke he ha down, howe r a as e t t the ha f e as f c ss ve , nd s rs ha s or c t a t uppori cli sofr t la i a ns t ot r tng am e a iton gai t he he de e nt . He a l s t t whe Po , Aye s a J f nda s lege ha n pe r , nd ohns c me t s a c hi c l on on a o e r h s el Novembe 29,201 a wa t d t ha uf hi be nd hi ba k,he s wed t m medial r 2, nd n e o ndc f m hi s c ho he c r c r so o g i te t n o h slf s o le . Th y alg dy t l h m,l Yo ls o l j s e o d f n ong rame t f i et h ud r e l e l od i t u h u d u t e l dop t lws t a ( wilnol rbete td ba y, ands i çl llc f( u ha r he a ui, nd youl l onge r ae dl ' ' ad twe'l uf yotj nds t te b c a m a e e vh n i c u es (o l rij r . ( n Co . o h a k n y v n v e t a s ll y u en u y' Ame d. mpl ' M a d si k es a lge y a ke Ofk e Ya e why hewa ha le dl s d t r t s s ndcufe t t ba k whe ot ri aesi t a ea f d o he c n he nm t n he r wer ha ufed t t fo ,a c pli d t thi lf s de htr a hi n wa goi e ndc f o he r nt nd om a ne ha s e t houl r zt nd s nn s ng nz Yae alg dy s i Eold r a efo a o e'whi l o n a M ao Kel, n ab t mb. ts l e l ad,t r es r r m b v s l o kig t j r ly a e r y e g ' e Ke nM ounti ofie . (d.?. e an fc r6 j ) On s mmay j d me t t e d fn a t p e e tu ds ue e i e c t t o No e e u r u g n, h ee d n s r sn n ip td v d n e ha, n v mb r 29,201 t s rh t m me r ( pe Aye s a J o ,c mefom difrntprs nsas 2,he eac en mbe s Po , r , nd ohns n) n r fee io 6 M a s is t afi t fo ot ri t pr s nti t uni onNove r29, 201 ,who sy t kde s ubmis tdavis rm he nmaes e e n he t mbe 2 a hey ha t i ha cufe t t fontwhiet ofk ess arhe t i cel. I aeHawkssae t tt ofk e st d d her nds f d o he r l he t r e c d her ls nm t tts ha he f r ol hi t y we efom Red Oni a t tt woul notgi hi aha d tm e,buts d Ehos t ae getngt r m he r r on nd ha hey d ve m r i ai s e wo r ti hei t c lstr u , ponigt Ma es a d a oh rimae ( wk Af d 1 ECF No 1 - ) W h n Ha ake el oe p' itn o kd si n n te n t. Ha s t . , ' i . 94. e wks s d wh ,h o tcr si,th yaecyb bisa dtoubema es' (d)M a d sias a srst ttesr ela c y te fies ad tf e r r a e n r lll k r. L= k es lo set ha h u v iln e ' c amer f a wilveiy t talbutone oft ot r i aes i hi ar wer c f t t go d i t a ootge l rf ha l he he nm t n s ea e ufed o he nt urng he s kedownpr es onNove be 29,201 ha oc s m r 2. 5 pa tofaVigi aDe rmen ofCore tons(t r r ni pa t t rci ç VDOC')srkef r ,a t rques oft war n ' ti oce t he e t he de of Ke n M o t i as a ove by t VDOC r gi na die t ,7 t s z t at f ciiy f a e un a n ppr d he e o l r c or o cotr h a lt or pur td zi g K e n M ot t i of i e s ha r e ved a ano m ous ha rte not s a i pore p un. e m a n f c r d ec i n ny , ndw it n e t tng t t t r wa a zp gun wih n munii i i t c pound. The i tt i went on ha he e s i t m ton nsde he om nsiuton l ockdown whie t srke f r conduce a s ke l he ti o ce td ha down of t e ie f iiy, a t y ar he ntr ac lt s he e s c al tai d a e ppe t do. The srke f c de e nt sa et tt y di no know of pe i ly r ne nd qui d o ti or e f nda s t t ha he d t M a s io hi l w s ta i tW a l ns Ri e of i e s A 1 oft de e kde s r s a ui ga ns le dg f c r . 1 he f ndan s de m a ng a t ny ki ny lws tr lt d cor a ui-ea e nment dt ng t s r h,a M a s ides rbes and s y t y do no r c l s ui he ea c s kde s ci , a he t e al t s a c of hi ce l De e nt Sykes r c l co a tng t m e c l t t t fnd out i a he e r h s l. f nda e als nt c i he di a mi o i f media o derwason fl r rng t tM akde s be c f d t t fonta l n nng t tt e cl r ie, equii ha s i ufe o he r nd e r i ha her wa no s h o de . s uc r r On t s r c d,t c tfnds no m aera diput of f t on whih M a s icoul hi e or he our i t il s e ac c kde s d p ru d aj r ta hsp s lws i wa a s bsa t lmoi ai g f co f rt e d f n a t t es a e u y h t i a t a ut s u tni tv tn a tr o h ee d ns o a s ke n hi ce l o N ove be 29, 201 8 The c t* 1,t r f e,gr ntt def nda s ha dow s l n m r 2. our 1 he e or a he e nt ' mo inf rsl r j g n a t M a d siscamso r tl to r lt dt t ec l s ac o to o l mmay ud me t s o k e s' li f eai in eae o h el e r h n a N o m be 29, 2. ve r 201 C . Cuf fng t t bac asre alat on o he k t i i M a s is c am t tt srke f r e a Ke n M ot an de e n s r t laed a ns kde s ' l i ha he ti o c nd e mt i f nda t e ai t gai t hi f hi pe ng l ui by c tng hi dif r nty t n ot i a e des t hi compl nt m or s ndi aws t ufi m fe e l ha her nm t s pie s ai s 1 I i undiput t tGali r Fils Mc e n a Kie a Waln Rig h v noa t rt t atv t ts s ed ha lha , ed , ou e , nd sr t l s d e a e e uhoi o ciae y t VD OC srkef c f as kedown a K e n M ou an. he ti or e or ha t e nti 8 A s saed, M a s doesnotwihd a t algai a tt t r w he le tons boutt defnda s c r ai a he e nt' onve s tons bouthi s kdes i l ui du i t s r h and sys vag y,t tt y le i t r afi t. Al t e comment,eve i aws t rng he ea c a , uel ha he id n hei tdavis one, hes s n f pr n,aenots fcintba esf fndi t tt lws twa as t nta ormotvai f t f t s ke ove r ufi e s or i ng ha he a ui s ubsa il i tng acor or he ha down oft prs whe wei he ion, n ghed a ns t undiputd e denc t tt zp gun t ea wa t r as n Ke M o ai gai t he s e vi e ha he i hr t s he e o en unt n ofi i sc ld i t srkef c ofk es. tcal ale n he ti or e l r 6 ofs ul rpa n pr s nt i a dif r ntsa e,ho ver The pa te a ee t tt srke f ce ho de i e e s n fe e t nc we . ris gr ha he ti or ofi r ha t op i n t ha uf M akde s t t fon d li t e ie cels a c pr es tce s d he to o ndc f s i o he r t trng he ntr l e r h oc s e n wihouta m e ca or r quii s h r tant9 Yet M a s ial gest f ie t do ve t di l der e rng uc esr i . kde s le hey al d o , s de pie hi com pl nt ofpa n. The pa tesdi a e a t w he he a1 o he i a esw e e a s o, s t s ai s i r i s gr e s o t r 1 t r nm t r lo c f t t ba k whiet i c lswe es a c ufed o he c l her e l r e r hed,whehe t ofk e smadecomm e si yi t r he t r nt mpl ng t tt y we e c fng M a ha he r ufi kdes it t bac t pt s hi f rhi lws t a whe he M a s s o he k o mih m o s a ui, nd t r kdes i s t c n pr t the s f r d c tt i ly s gnik a hn m f o t i a tons 1 At t s s age, a ove ha uf e e ons iutona l i t nt r ' m he r c i .0 r te c u tc n o sy t a n r a o bej r c u d fn ta rtlai n frt e lws twa a h o r n n t a h t o e s na l u y o l i d h t eaito o h a ui s s t nta f t i t de son madeby Pope Aye s a J ubsa i l acor n he cii , r , nd ohns wih Kel ss r ii t on, t ly' upe v son, o c f Ma d sib h n h sba k.Ba e o te ed s ue ,h c u t l d n s mmayj d me t uf k es e id i c s d n h s ip ts t e o r wil e y u r u g n f t e f l de e nt a t M a or hes otr f nda s s o kdes is c a m ofr t la or cufi s ' li e a i t y fng. Th c u t l ga tsl r j d me tfrYae , o v r Yae 't ip td afd v t e o r wil r n l mmay u g n o ts h we e . ts md s u e f a i i c t s t the was i tani o Nove be 29,201 a me ey as it i t pr pe t ndi a e ha n r i ng n m r 2, nd r l ssed n he o ry s a c s M or ve ,M a s idoe notalege t tY a es a s s e i t c fng pr es o s a e e r he . eo r kde s s l ha t s i t d n he uf i oc s r t t f c ss a t howi t tt sofk e had a hort t m a de ii nsabou how t srke f c ofk e s ng ha hi t r ut iy o ke c so t he ti or e t r c onduce t spr edlr Se Ra lv.Prnc Ge sCount 3 F. 1 203 ( h Ci. td hi oc ze. e ndal i e ome' y, 02 3d 88, 4t r 2 0 )(i ab sa dig o t r( )i c n r ne wih aflo o fc r ilg la t ()p se s s 0 2 tf y tn n f i ke 1 s o fo td t elw fie' le a c, 2 o s se s 9 J ns , afi vi saest tsa r pr edur dtrng as down i t c ft i t i fonts oh on s fda t tt ha tndad oc e li hake s o uf he nmae n r o t the c n hel car hi mates a pil t t x-ay mac ne a t movet c f t t bac whie t ha a p ry s tr s nd low o he r hi nd o he ufs o he k l he ofier s a c t ot rie i hi c l J ms satst tt ssanda dpr edu eva iso y i t i t hasa fc s e r h he he tms n s el. ol on t e ha hi t r oc r re nl f he nmae medialor rr quii s cilc fng. Pope saes howeve,t he r c l cufmg a i t t t fonton c de e rng pe a ufi tt , r hat e als f n nma e o he r Nove r29,201 durng t cels r h a rhecompl ned a mbe 2, i he l ea c ûe ai bouts derpan fo bac c tng,eve t houl i rm k ufi n hough hedi notha amedi lo de . d ve ca r r 1 The defnda s a gue t ta x-a ofM a s , s de i D e embe 201 , a f we aRe t 0 e nt r ha n r y kdesis houl r n c r 2 ew eks r he s kd ha e own,dd n ts o sg i n atrtc c a e o a y aue ijr . The d n tds ue h we e, i o h w int t rh ii h ng s r n c t nuy ka y o o ip t, o v r M a s' evi nc t tba c f g c us d hi s r pai dtrng t s ke kdesis de e ha ck ufm a e m eve e n li he ha down is fa t the t d t tel nd ha ol he ofi r s be o eand d i t c tngpr es .M akde s as s isan x-ayr po fo s ver m ont lt r tce s o f r urng he ufi oc s s i lo ubm t r e rt r m e al hs a e, s ng sg fc ntarhrtccha . He aleg t ta doc o t d hi s h c nge woul tke tme t deveop howi iniia t ii nges l es ha t r ol m uc ha s d a i o l a ra ij r Re n nuy. 7 tep we t p e e ti,a d( )c o e n tt a t h ma b d e d a a c mpiea dte td h o r o rv n t n 3 ho s s o o c , e y e e me n c o lc n rae a co di y' (mphassa d) c r ngl ' e ) i dde . The cour a s doesnotfnd a ma e i lf c i diput on whih M a s co d hol t lo i ny t ra a t n s e c kdes i ul d t ot rKe n M ounti de e nt la e f t ale r t la or c fng. M a s a s rs he he e a n f nda s ibl or he lged e a it y ufi kdes i s e t t tFl mi Cl y,Sykes Owe ,a Philps G l d a e our d' t srke f r e t ha e ng, ar , ns nd li û owe nd nc age ' he ti o c o al s ke ha down t pr eci c t t ti aes Ye,he ofe s no e de e t tany oft s he ot tve usody mi nm t . t fr vi nc ha he e ofier waspr e dtrng,orpa tcpaed i t cufi pr es ;had a f e fc s es nt li rii t n, he fng oc s ny or knowl edge t hat M a s iwoul be s i l hn kde s d erousy nned by t tpr es ;orha a a hort overt srke f c ha oc s d ny ut iy he ti or e o t r' p o o o . S e Vi d e v.Gib , 5 0 F.d 9 6 9 8 ( t Ci. 1 7 ) (i dn fke s r t c l e l g me b s 5 2 2 , 2 4h r 9 7 fn ig s r ior la lt r quiess upe vs y ibiiy e r howi t tofk i wa i ve û r onaly i t de i ton of ng ha t al s nvol d t s l n he prva i pe t pli tfs'rg s'be us dhe docrne of r ponde t s ro ha no a ia i 'unde he a n if i ht' ca e û t ti es a upe i r s pplc ton' r j1 8 ) Ra d l,3 2 F.d a 2 3 (e adn b tnd r) Ac o dngy h ha no sae 9 3 ; n al 0 3 t 0 r g r ig ysa es. c r i l, e s t ttd s f e f c s t hol t m la e f t aci oft srke f r e. The e or ,t c twil ufki nt a t o d he i bl or he tons he ti o c r f e he our l g a tsl r j d me tf rFlmi , ay S k s Owe s a dPhli o M a e s' cam o rn l mma y u g n o e ng Clr , y e , n , n il n kd sis li f ps r t laor c fng. e ai t y ufi D . Cuf i t t bac asde i r e i f e e e fng o he k lbe at ndi f r nc M a s ia s a s rst tc fng hi be nd hi bac co tt e delbe ae i fe e kde s l o s e t ha ufi m hi s k nsiut d i r t ndif r nce t a s tnta rs t tt spr e zewoul c us hi s i ha m,i vi a i oft Ei t o ubsa il ik ha hi oc dtr d a e m erous r n olton he gh h Am e ndm e .1 Fame v. e n n, 1U. 8 5 8 - 7( 9 4 .To s r i s mmayj d me t nt 1 r r Brn a 51 S. 2 , 353 1 9 ) u vve u r u g n on s h a c am ,he m us f e s evi nce on whi h a r as bl f tfnde c d de e mi uc li t or ca t de c e ona e ac i r oul t r ne t tt de e ntofki lwasa r off c sfom whih hec d i e t tE n e es i rs t ha he f nda t a wa e a t r c oul nf r ha t xc sve ik o a i a e healh or s et 'exi t t he act l drew s an i er nm t t af y' sed, hat ualy uch nf ence,and t di r hen s egarded 1 The defnda sha a l ed t sas tofM akde s' compl nta algi t tc fng hi t t 1 e nt ve nayz hi pec s is ai s le ng ha ufi m o he ba k co tmt e es i f ce. Be us M a s c it l r e s t t cai a o of t i ae c nsi ed xc sve or ca e kdesi onssenty efr o he l m s ne t bert del i fe e ,' e r t cour wilc i rhi al atonsunde t slgalt or ndifr nce'how ve ,he t l onsde s leg i r hi e he y. 8 t r s by f ii t t ke G ea onabl m e lr ' t a l vi t i. 1 a 837. He ç us pr he i k a lng o a t s r e aszes' o le a e t d. t ç t oduc m e e ie eo a sro so sg iia tp y ia o e to a ij r r s lig fo t e c aln e vd nc f e iu r in fc n h sc l r moin l n u y e utn r m h h le g d c n iin . S a kav.S t 71F.d 1 2 6 (t Ci.1 9 )(ne a q tto so te ) o dto s' h k ' mi h, 3 6 ,1 6 4 h r 9 5 itm l uoain mitd . On t o he ha whieprs ofi a smus t a r as bl me ur st g r nt e t s f t he t r nd, l ion fcil t û ke e ona e as e o ua a e he a e y t oft i ts'Huds v.Pal r 468 U. 51 526- ( 984) tll t e e t t( ion he nmae y ' on me , S. 7, 527 1 , ito he xtnt ha prs lvi c tons ar rsrci a e n harh,t y ae patof t pe ly t t ci nal i ngl ondii e e titve nd ve s he r r he nat ha rmi ofe r pa f t i ofens sagans s ey. Rhodesv. pma 452U. 337,347( 981. fndes y or her f e i t ocit ' ' Cha n, S. 1 ) Onl G x rmed p iain 'c n s tsyt e o j cie ee n o a Eih h Ame d n cam y û te e rv to s' a aif h b e tv lme t f n g t e n me t li c le ng c tonsofc i m e . Huds 503 U. a 9. ha lngi ondii onfne nt on, S. t Th c u t o ld st a Ma e s h spld s fkin fcst s r ies mma yj d me t e o r c ncu e h t kd si a e u t e t a t o u vv u r u g n on hi c am t tPo ,Aye s J s l i ha pe r , ohns n,a Ke l a t d wih dei r t i fe e t aknown o nd ly c e t lbe a e ndif r nce o rs ta c fi hm be idhi ba kwo l c u ehm s v r pana dp r a ij r Th c u t ik h t u fng i hn s c ud a s i e ee i n eh ps nu y. e o r fn s maeilfcs i d s u e a d * 1,tee o e d n s mmay j dg n o t i a p c o i d tra a t n ip t n 1 h r fr , e y u r u me t n h s s e t f M akde s ' com pl ntast Po ,Aye s J s is ai o pe r , ohns a K e l on, nd ly. Fort r as ar dy dic s d,howeve ,t c rttndsno ma e i ldiput on whi h he e ons lea s us e r he ou i t ra s e c M akde s c d pe s de a f cfnde t hol Yaes Philps o a of t s r s y Kee s i oul r ua a ti r o d t , li , r ny he upe vior n Mounti ofi i sla et rj1983f ca i hi pai durng t c tngpr dtr . He an tcal ibl mde or usng m n i he ufi oce les ha not s a e f c s s i per onal i ve e by a of t s de enda s i t cufi s t t d a t how ng s nvol m nt ny he e f nt n he tng pr e es d oc dur uhng t s dou . Vi he hake mwdge 55 F. a 928. The ef e,t c twilg ant , 0 2d t r or he our l r e li hi g h sl r j d me t fr Flmig Clr Owens, Sykes, Yat s, and Philps on t s Ei ht l mma y u g n o e n , a y, Am e ndmen cli . t am 9 E . C onfscat on ofl i i egalm at al eri s Ma kdes i a s cli s t t durng t s kedown, Pope, Aye s J l on, a Ya e s lo am ha i he ha r , o ms nd t s r emove l ald ume s a wrtng s i s pur has fom t comm is r a cai she d eg oc nt nd ii upple c ed r he s a y, nd l m o r a d t m aludi t hi pror l ws t a t y di s De e nt s i a c ve he r he l ng o s i a ui s he d o. f nda s ubm t opy of a s ke ha down r por f om t t da e,i c tng t t t ofk e s f m d no da a e tr ha t ndi a i ha he t r ot m ged,e e s ve or xc s i , c r band pr pe t i M akde s' c l The sa e t tt y woul ha dipos d ofa ta h onta o ry n s is el. y t t ha he d ve s e ny r s ie sf t d i t s down, de r m ovi a l ga ma e i sorc mis r ie . tm o md urng he hake but ny e ng ny e l t ral om s a y t ms The cour fndsno m a e i di put d f c on w hi h M a s ic d pe s de a r a o bl ti t ral s e a t c kde s oul r ua e s na e f tfnde t hol t de e nt la e ont sr t iton cli .Eve a s i wihoutfndi ac i r o d he f nda s i bl hi e ala i am n s um ng t i ng t tt ofk e st e awa s m e doc e sand s i sdtrngt s kedo be us oft ha he t r hr w y o um nt upple li he ha wn ca e he lws t M akde s f ist aleg f t i c tng a s cii ,ad r eefe tt sconduc ha o a ui, s i a l o l e acs ndia i ny pe fc ve s f c hi t d n hi ltga i e f t i hi pro c e. W iomi o Co mt 999 F. a 786. W iho t se e nt s ii ton fors n s i r as c c t y, 2d t t ut hi l me e t bls sa ihed,hi r t la i cli f is For t s m e r as M a s c nnot pr val o a s e a iton a m a l. he a e on, kdes i n e i n s par t c am t tt a lged c ic ton oflgaldoc l e sand ma e i l vi a e hi rghtt e ae l i ha he le onfs a i e lm nt t ra s olt d s i o a c s t ec u t. S eLe sv Ca e ,5 8U. 3 3 3 ( 9 6 ( odngt timaesae no c e s h o rs e wi . s y 1 S. 4 , 51 1 9 ) h li ha n t tts a tona e a es dam a en a s c t s wi t ta c lenge a ton c us d ha m t hi ci bl cc s i bs t pe ik ho ng ha hal d c i a e r o s l iainef rs. i g to fo t) t Ma kdes ialo ha no due pr s c am r a e t t al d l s ofhi lgalm a e il s s s oce s l i elt d o he lege os se t ra s durng t s down. Aleg to t tprs n ofk i s r ndom l de i d a i ae ofhi i he hake l a i ns ha i o t al a y prve n nm t s pr t w he he i en i ly oras a r s tofneglge e,do not sa e a c tt i lc ai opery, t r nt tona l e ul i nc t t ny ons iutona l m t fa me ni u pos- prvai r dy f t l s i a ia e. Huds 468 U. a 533. l i a ngf l tde i ton eme or he os s val bl ' ' on, S. t Be us M a ca e kdes ipos e s t t em edi unde V i g ni s a e l w by w hi h t s ek r o r of s s s ed or r es r r i a tt a c o e ec ve y t monea yvaueoft misngie ,s Va.CodeAnn.j8. - 95. hec nno pr vali a he tr l he si tms ee 01 1 3, n t e i n 10 c tt i l cai f t a lge pr ry l s For t saed r as , t c t gr nt onsiutona l m or he le d ope t os . he t t e ons he our a s sI r j d me tf rte d fn a t a t a1camsrltd t t e alg to o c nfs ae ' mma y u g n o h ee d n s s o l li eae o h le ains f o ic td l ga m a e i s e l t ral . F. The s ri s t p earch Ma kdes ialege t tbe or t s down ofhi c l,t srke f ce ofk e s or r d s l s ha f e he hake s e l he ti or t r de e hi t srp na d,be ove ,s t s e d hi butoc ,lf hi t tc e ,a s ke hi pe ss m o ti ke nd r qua , pr a s t ks it s esil s nd ha s ni o t y c d s e i hehad azi gt orot rc r nd s c e e i hi body. M a s ic i r he oul e f p m he ontaba e r t d n s kde s onsde ed t sviua srp s a c t bet e li natr ' ( hi s l ti e r h o t xua n tze. Amend.Compl 2. Hesaest thet d t s ' . ) tt ha ol he ofi e s how t pr es wa c usng hi pai i hi s de a ba k a c ed hi tc r he oc s s a i m n n s houl r nd c nd aus m emotona dites by r ndi hi ofbeng r ped by hi c l m ae a W a lns Ri butt i l sr s emi ng m i a s e l t t le dge, he o t r G i ntc r. ( rt rfe Re p n e2 ECFNo 4 . fke s ç d ' a e' Fis Veiid s o s , d ' . 6) M a d sisae nofcso whihaju c ul fndt a h se rieo h srg tt a c s k e s tts a t n c ty o d i h t i xecs f i ih o c e s t co t wa a s t talf t m otvai t ofie st pe f nn t srp s a c asr r d he urs s ubsan i acor i tng he fc r o r o he ti e r h, equie t pr a j1 rtlai cli W ag r 1 F.d a 90- . Rahe ,t r c d etbls s o ove 983 eaiton am. ne , 3 3 t 91 t r he e or sa ihe t tt spr dtr ,c ha hi oce le onduc e on a li a e a Ke M ot a n t tda w a s m pl a s e i t td l nm t s t en mt i ha y, s i y t p n he s kedown pr es ,a l ng ofi r t ens e t ta i t di notha a zi gun o o he ha oc s lowi fce s o ur ha n nma e d ve p r t r we pon o hi bodyt us a ns t ofi e swhiet y conducedt ce ls a c a n s o e gai t he fc r l he t he l e r h. For sm ia r as ,M a s i s i pende c tm tona c le i l r e ons kde s ' nde nt ons i i l ha l nges t t sr p s r h o he t i ea c unde t Fourh a Ei h Am e r he t nd ght ndme sa s f l TheFourh Am e e ba sgo m me a nt l o ai. t ndm nt r ve nt l age s f om c nt r onduc i s a c tng e r hes t t a e unr as bl unde t cic s a es gi n t ha r e ona e r he r um t nc , ve he balnce be wee t E d f t pa tc a s a c a i tt i i ofpe s a t n he l nee or he riul r e r h ga ns he nvason r onalrght t t i s ha t s rh e al. Belv.W olih,441U. 520,559 ( 979)(eeci Fourh Ame he eac ntis' l ' ts S. 1 rj tng t ndme nt cha lnge t dee i f c lt pr ed ze r quii viualbody c viy s r h ofde anee a tr le o tnton a iiy oc tr e rng s a t ea c ti fe c a tviis. Thi r s blne si uiyconsdesçhe sopeoft pa tc a i nlin,t ontc st) s ea ona e s nq r ir l c t he riulr nt so he mn ne i whc i i c n u td t ej si to friiitn i,a d te p a e i whih i i n r n ih t s o d ce , h u tt in o ntaig t n h lc n c t s ka c onduc e ' L. M a s hasnotsaed f c son whi h ar a ona ef c fnde c d de e mi t d. d ' . kdes i a tt a t c e s bl a t i r oul t r ne t tt sr p s r h he a a lot K e n M ount i i a e unde we on N o m be 29,201 ha he t i ea c nd l her e a n nm t s r nt ve r 2, wa unr s bl i sve o ot r s unr as bl unde t Fo t Ame e ,i lg of s ea ona y nva i r he wie e ona e r he urh ndm nt n i ht t zi gun i or ai on whi h t ofi e swe e a tng. M or r bec us he f ist sa e he p nf m ton c he fc r r c i eove , a e al o tt fcso whc h c ul s o a y sro sp sc lo e to lij r hes fee fo t esrp a t n ih e o d h w n ei u hy ia r moina n u y u fr d r m h ti s r h, f l t s a e a c ai t tt spr dtr vi a e t Ei h A m e ea c he ais o t t ny l m ha hi oce le ol t d he ght ndm e pr hi ton nt o bii a i tc u and unus lprs co to . See Sti kl v.W a e s 989 F. 1 ga ns r el ua ion ndii ns rc er tr, 2d 375,1 81 380- (t Ci.1 9 ) Fo t e sae r a o ,te d fn a t ae e tte t s mmay j d me ta a 4h r 9 3 . r h ttd e s ns h ee d n s r n i d o u r u g n s l m a t rof1 w on M akde s ' c a m s c e ni t sr p s a c te a s is l i onc r ng he t i e r h. G . D e ay o m e c car a t r t s l f di al e f e he hake w n do M a s ial gest tt de e nt on t s e a t s ke kde s le ha he f nda s he c ne t he ha down s d havepr m ed houl oc me c lca e f hi s de . Thit mi ut s lt r he a l edl as d Ke n M ount n ofk e s dia r or s houl r ry n e a e , leg y ke e ai t r f rme c lat nton,butwast d t ts f t c m etr t M a s ifl d a r que tf rc r a a o di a te i ol ha a e y n i s. kde s ie e s o a e, nd nt s e mi d hi t ne da W ihi t we k,he s w a doc orand r eve te mentf l e xn ne m he xt y. t n he e r a t ec i d r at or pa n. i To pr an Ei ht Am e ove g h ndme vi ai r lt d t me c lc r M akdes imus s nt ol ton ea e o di a a e, s t how t t pe s ha r onne t w hos c e he w as c m it d e bie t lbe a e i f e e ' t hi l o e ar om te xhi t d t i r t ndi f r nce ' o s de ke iu me ia n e s' Esel v. mbl,4 U. 9 ,1 4 1 6 ( 9 6 . A s ro me ia i ro s dc l e d . tle Gn e 29 S. 7 0 - 0 1 7 ) s ' e ius dc l nee ts one t ha bee di gnos d by a physca a m a tng te t e t orone t ti s dt i hat s n a e i in s nda i r a m n ha s o obvi t even a l pers w oul easiy r ous hat ay on d l ecogni t necesst f a doct s atenton.' I ze he iy or or' t i ' ko v. h e ,5 5F.d 2 5 2 (t Ci.0 )(ne a q tto makso te ) An o t ra t S rve 3 3 2 , 41 4h r2 08 itm l uoain z mitd . fke cs 12 wih t lbe a e i fe e e'i he û t G i r t ndif r nc ' f t de knowsofa dir r a e e sve rs t i ae heat nd sega ds n xc s i ik o nm t lh o s f t ' Fn me ,511U. a 8 An ofi i lsi e i la torom ison t tm e e y de a r a ey. r r ' S. t 37. tc a ' nt ntona c s i ha r l l ys a i a e' a ce s t ne s a y m edi l c r sa es a c tt tonal c ai onl i t pl i if n nm t s c s o ce s r ca a e t t ons iu i lm y f he a ntf s hows t t t de e nts c nduc r s t i s t nta hn m t t pa int W e v. ha he f nda ' o t e uled n ubsa i l r o he te . bb Ha d lh, 8 F. p x 1 9 1 6( t Ci. 0 8 ( ingoh rc s s. miul 2 1 Ap ' 5 , 6 4h r 2 0 ) ct t e a e ) a i Att mos,M a he t kdes isc am i t tt de e nt delyed f r one day hi r eptof s' l i s ha he f nda s a o s ec i m edia a tnton f hi s de pan. Ye ,ot r t n hi ve ba c c l te i or s houl r i t he ha s r l ompl i s o pan,he doe ant f i s no f ec s any e de e 9om w hi h t de enda s w ho a e notm e c ly t a ne w o d ha t or a t vi nc c he f nt , r di a l r i d, ul ve known t thi co to a t t s ke ha s ndii n fer he ha down wa r nt d i medit m e ca c r M a s alo ra e m a e di l a e. kdes i s a is t the ha o he mea t s e me c lc e t tda he c d a di s e m e c dm t ha d t r ns o e k di a ar ha y; oul nd d e k dial te t e by flng pape wor t be a es e by t ntr e w ho f r a m nt ii r k o ddr s d he z s , ound no m e c ne d t m e t di al e o e wih hi untlt f l ng da Fi ng no ma e i diput f c on whi M a s co d t m i he olowi y. ndi t ral s ed a t ch kdes i ul s how t t de e nt a t d wih dei r t i fe e e t hi s rous me c ne ,t hat he f nda s c e t lbe a e ndif r nc o s e i di al eds he c u t l g a ts mma yj d me tf r h d fn a t o t i cam. o r wil rn u r u g n o t e e e d n s n hs li H . H arsh condii rel ed t t al t ons at o ri M a s ic e kde s ont nds t t t r t lai a delbe a e i fe e ha he e ai ton nd i r t ndif r nce t c tons t t o ondii ha c us hi pan c i d whe hi pro lws t M a s iv. el ,we t ti . On t fr t a ed m i ontnue n s i r a ui, kde s Fi ds nt o ral he is d y M ac 1 ,2 3 o fc r alg dl r usd M a d sij ta trminih a d t o h m t a , rh 2 01 , fie s le e y o e k e s us fe d g t n o k i o Owe ' ofi , whe e he wa f ce t st on a metl benc f s n hotr , t i t ns fce r s or d o i a h or eve ls mtl he ta pora i of i e s a ve t t ke hi t c t M a r ns t ton f c r ni d o a m o our . kdes iale y t d Ow e t the ha s l gedl ol ns ha d u r nde goneba k szge y a sti s l wa ca i pai i hi ba k a maki hi l go c tr r nd itng o ong s usng n n s c nd ng s egs nlmb.Owensalege y si E ec nca elyourlws ti youwa . ( nd.Compl 5. l l dl ad,ç a nc W a ui f nt' Ame ' . ) 13 Owe ofe se de i c tng t tM a s ilkey wa td f onl tle hotr be or ns f r vi nce ndia i ha kde s i l ie or y ir e ls f e bei ta pore t c t1 W het r M a s ' wai i Owens ofi e was t e ho ls or ng r ns td o our. 2 he kdes is t n ' fc hr e tr s ven,howe r i i t s e t ts h a wai i sa r prs pr edur . Any i a ebei e ve , t s mdiput d ha uc t s t nda d ion oc e nm t ng ta pore a y fom t prs i br tt t wa c comm a rsofi ea t tmeofe ry r ns td wa r he ion s ough o he t h nde ' fc t he i al mor ng c mta w at t r untlhi tans tton a rve . Durng t wai tm e,hem a e t ni ot nd is he e i s r pora i r i s i he t i y a br a as a us t bahr . Be us t r cor e t bls st tM a e kf t nd e he t oom ca e he e d sa ihe ha kdes iswatwassmpl s' i i y pa t of sa r tans tton pr edur ,r he t n punihme f hi brngi a l ui, r tnda d r porai oc e at r ha s nt or s i ng aws t Ma kdes ic nno e t bls a r t lai n c am he e M or ve ,t r c d c e ry esabls t t s n t sa ih e ai to l i r . eo r he e or l a l t ihes ha t di co f ta i onveni nc of t pr s s t a por a i pr e e ,howe r ha s a e he s m or nd nc e e he ion' r ns t ton oc dur s ve r h, r meel aGpa'Oft pe ly't tM a s iasac i nalofe rû tpay f ( s ofe e f y f l he nat ' ha kde s t rmi fnde G mus or hil fns s a an ts cey' Rh d s 45 U. a 3 7.Th rf r ,h c u t l g a tsl r j d me to g i s o it . o e , 2 S. t 4 ' eeo e t e o r wil rn l mmay u g n n t scl i . hi a m M akde s as c s i lo ompli t dmi hi s c ans hat ng s e ond day i c t t es ri ofk e s n our, he co tng t r s r ppe t s c iy w a s be tt hi s t ti c ed hi pai i ed hi c pl i s l ug d t a d he e ur t i t l o m o ha t aus m n, gnor s om a nt , a he a t e t ned t s k hi ,a r f ed t r nd hr a e o hoc m nd e us o emove t devie. Us ofa sun be tt r a he c e t l mde n i a e' c o hi as a s trt m e ur w hie he i i t c too i a t r s a z pr s nm t s l t ng ec liy as e l s n he our r m s no he t nda d i on pr e e,a t c t sobs r d m a tm e .Eve a s i t tt de c ma M a s i oc dm s he our ha e ve ny i s n s um ng ha he vi e de kde s unc f tbl a f a f i t c toom a una e t c enta e,ashe al ge ,he f is t om ora e nd e rul n he ourr nd bl o onc r t le s al o i ntf a evi nc ora g e t the a hi a t ne we enota et pr e i hi ca ea de iy ny de e r um nt ha nd s tor ys r bl o es nt n s s s ar ul oft sun betus .M a s sm pl doe no s es t he t l e kdes i i y s t how t tus oft de c on M a c 1 ha e he vie r h 3, 201 was i e 2, nt nded t pt s hi f brngi t lws tor t ti ha a co tt i ly o mih m or i ng he a ui ha t d ny nsiutona l s gnii nt adve s i pa t on hi ltga i e f t . Furhe m or ,M a i tca , re m c s ii ton f or s t r e kdes idoes not s s how t t ha 1 Re or 9om M a c 1 , 201 , i c t t t eal m o ni cot t cla e a 3: a.m .and t 2 c ds rh 2 3 ndiae ha ry r ng m e r d t 25 he ta pora i t a lgge ou a 6: a. t tda rns tton e m o d t t 26 m.ha y. 14 a oft de e nt pl ye a r e i a yi t de ce t hi on M a c 1 201 The ny he f nda s a d ny ol n ppl ng he vi o m r h 3, 2. c r wi g a ts mmayj dg n f rt ed f n a t a t a y cam rg r i te u e o te ou t l rn u r u me t o h ee d ns s o n li e adng h s f h l st bet tm l. 1 Threat ,sexualassaul s,and s . s t egregaton i Afe t s ke tr he ha down, De e nt Sykes a Philps al dl t d M a s it t i f nda s nd li lege y ol kde s ha f s lrt ne r quied i,K e n M o mt i ofk e s c d c f hi be nd hi bac lke t s rke ec ziy eds e r t e t a n t r oul uf m hi s k i he ti fr eo fc r dd e e i i rij r dh ss o l e. Phli as alg d y si ta hec ud d o c fies i , v n f t en u e i h u d r il lo le e l ad h t o l o ps wha t srkef c ofkesha do a G hi fngesup ( a s'lrctm. ( t he ti ore t r d ne nd t s put r M kdesis e tl ' Amend. ' Compl 3. M a siale st twhe hesa td flng a nitai rme f msa t . ) kde s lge ha n tre ii dmi srtve e dy or bout he s ke ha down a t c me sSykesa Philpsha m a Sy sa Clr wn n d hi t ti nd he om nt nd li d de, ke nd a y r e m ha f he s d Kee M o an ofi e s he woul be pl e i s gr ton. Ne rhels ,i Fe ua y ue n unt i fc r , d ac d n e egai ve t e s n br r 201 M a 3, kdes ibr ug t sac i na i Sykes a ot r asdef nda s The on A prl 1 s o ht hi ton, m ng nd he s e nt . n, i 5, 201 M a 3, kdes i ma a alegai n t t Philps ha s ly as a td hi . Ofi i l s de n l to ha li d exua l s ule m fc a s i e ael pl e M akde s i s r ton f t n da wihoutany dici i r c r He mm dit y ac d s i n eg egai or e ys t s plna y ha ge. algest ts gr ton ofies( pa test t sc s )c fd hi ha t t ba k s veal le ha e egai fc r not ri o hi a e ufe s nds o he c e r t s c u igf rh rp i a dij r t h slf s o le a d ijzi gh srg ts ule a wel i , a sn u te an n nu y o i e t h ud r n nl n i ih ho d r s l. me r M akde s a r nty c am s t t Sy s and Philps t r a e d hi a pl e hi i s i ppa e l l i ha ke li h e t ne m nd ac d m n s e ton i r t la i f hi s xua a s ul com pl nta hi l w s t . egr ga i n e a i ton or s e l s a t ai nd s a uis The de e f ndan s'undi put d e de e i c t s how e r t twhe vera i a e brngs t s e vi nc ndi a e , ve , ha ne n nm t i acli t theha be n s xual a s uled,s trt pr oc r quiess t hi t ti ae fo am ha s e e ly s a t ecziy ot ol e r wic ng ha nm t r m hi pr e tve c t s ot c i usody a sg e t a t m por r s gr gai as i e , pe ng t s i nm nt o e a y e e ton sgnm nt ndi he i tgaton of t sexual assaul com pl nt Sykes s at t aft ofici s i tgat nvesi i he t ai . t es hat er t al nves i ed M akde s ' c pl i s a de m e t s i s om a nt nd e d hem unf ounde r nki ofk i l s ic M a d, a ng t a s w t hed kdes ibac s k 15 t hi pr e tve c t as i o s ot c i usody sgnme on Aprl25,201 Asa c r c i ofk e ,Philpsha no nt i 3. ore tons t r li d a hort t c nge a i a e' as i e t s e ton s a us ut iy o ha n nm t s sgnm nt o egr ga i t t . The co tfnds no m ae ildiput f c on whi h M a ur i tra s ed a t c kdes ic d pr t s a s td s oul ove hi s ere cli ofr t lai The ofk e s've baltleasa onedi notvi a eM a s isrg s He l e am e ai ton. t r r lr t l d olt kde s' i ht . nse v. wi,1 3 F d Ap x 1 9 1 9 (t Ci.2 0 )(ii Co l v Cu v, 03F.d 8 ,8 Le s 5 e . p' 7 , 7 4 h r 0 5 ct ng li . nd 6 ns 2 25 27 ( 0 hCi.1 7 )( n ig g r salg dv r la us sae noc nsi to a cam) M o e v r 1 t r 9 9 t dn uad l e eba b e tt s o tt in l li . ro e , i e u s gr tng M a s it mpor iy dtrng t i tga i ofhi s la s ul al ga i wa a e egai kde s e arl li he nvesi ton s exua s a t le tons s sa r prs s trt pr ca i n.1 He smpl f ist sae f c son whi he c d s t nda d ion ecliy e uto 3 i y al o tt a t ch oul how t t ha Sykes Cl r or Philps c us d hi as i en t s gr ga i i or r t pt i h hi i a w a , a y, li a e s s gnm t o e e ton n de o m s m n ny y f maki t s xua as a t c or ng he e l s ul ompl i or f brngi lws t a ns t m or ot rprs ant or i ng a uis gai t he he ion o t as1 Th c u t l g a tsl r j d me tf rte d fn a t o h scamsrg r n fkil.4 e o r wil rn l mma y u g n o h ee d ns n i li e adig ver lt e t and a s g e t s gr a i on A prl 1 201 ba hr a s s i nm nt o e eg ton i 5, 3. 1 To t e ext t M a s ii atmptng t al vi ainsoft Prs n Ra Elmi ton Ac, 42 3 h ent hat kde s s te i o lege olto he io pe i na i t U. C. j 1 6 -5 0 ( A', sh me t si o eof i r so s s h h s n a to a l cam.û tigi S. j 5 011 6 9 < TRE ' a e ni n n hs ep n e , e a o cin be li ç hn n ) on No t PREA s sst Cong es i e he ugget hat r s ntnded t c e t aprvaerg ofa in f i t t s p io ofki sf o r ae i t iht cto or nmaes o ue rs n t al or n n o in ewi teAc ' 'o t v Clr , 71 CV0 48 , 01 WL 4 5 6 8 a * ( D. . e t 1 , o c mpl c t h t'Delna . ake No. :1 0 3 2 2 a h 4 8 4 , t 3 W. Va S p. 1 2 2 (olcigc ss, f', 48F. ' 9 (t Ci. 01 )(e cla . 01 ) c letn ae) afd 5 Appx 38 4h r2 3 p r tim) r 1I o o hsrso sst tesmmayjd metmoin Ma dsialg sta S( ssme o odrd 4 n ne f i ep ne o h u r u g n to , k es lee ht ) o h w ree ke orenc age t s pegai ofker t c fM a s ishandst t ba k i or rt har h1 s de .M a s i our d he e ton t s o uf kde s' o he c n de o m s houl r kde s di notpr e a s h cli a ns Syke i t a nde co ant howe r M or ove ,hi own s s i d es nt ny uc am gai t s n he me d mpli , ve . e r s ubmisons do no s ppor a cl m t tSykesace wih delbert i fe e i t sr gar Makde s s t u t ai ha td t i ae ndifr nce n hi e d. s i ubmisa c ofa t opy r ques fr he s t Sykeson Aprl1 201 abou ohe ofk e sc tnghi behi hi ba whiehe wasi e t om ent o i 7, 3, t t r t r ufi m nd s ck l n s ge ain.t rtVei e Repo eEx.1 ECFNo 4 - . Heak dSy e t tn o titeme ia u i h da e r g t Fis rt d s ns o i , . 6 1) s e k s o i d u f h dc l nt a n or ron tl r quii fontc f ordoubl c tng f M a s i Syke rpledt ta ofA prl1 201 no s h de ie e rng r ufmg e ufi or kde s. s e i ha s i 9, 3, uc or rwa o fl He a s t tat ugh hehi el had c e i t pas t gontc fordoubl cuf M a s de s n ie. dvied ha lho ms f hos n n he t o uf e f kdes i i lghtofhi s de c pli s i t a e e ofan or rr uii t sa comm odain,ohe ofi er w o d ni s houl r om ant, n he bsnc de eq rng hi c to t r tc s ul c fhm t c o dn t p oo o. ((s Co tayt Ma es' c aatrzto S k s r so s do sno s p o t uf i d c r ig o r tc l'1. nrr o kd sis h rceiain, y e ' ep n e e t u p r a a ' J) fndi t heha a hort t or rs i ng hat d ut iy o de epegain om ce st cuf M a s i a pa tculrwa ort hedi s to r o f kdesi n ny ri a y hat d o. M a s alo ale s i va iuss isi t tbet e N ove be 201 and Aprl1 201 Philps kdes i s lge n ro ubm s ons ha w en m r 2 i 5, 3, li s xual asa t hi dli pa down s a c ,s xualy ha a s d hi whiehewasusngt t lti hi cel a e ly suled m trng t e r hes e l r s e m l i he oie n s l, nd f ley ac us hi ofvi atng hi r i ousdits t i wass pe as l c ed m ol i s elgi e o hat t us nded. The a e d compl ntdi notsae m nde ai d tt a s pa ae cam sa ns Philpsba ed o t salege co ny e r t li gai t li s n hi l d nduc,how e r and t cour wilno al M a s t ve , he t l t low kdes i t a d te t telws ta t slt d t. Moe ve,s c camsaeno p o ryj ie t tecamsi t s o d h m o h a ui t hi ae ae ro r u h li r t rpel on d o h li n hi a to Se Fe . Ci. 1 & 20(e adn on e o camsa d fn a t) cin. e d R. v P. 8 rg r igj id r f li nd ee d ns. 16 1 1 Conc uson 1. l i Fo t r as s ae t c tc l s t t de e n s'm o i n f sl a y r he e ons t td, he our onc ude hat he f nda t to or lmm r j d me t mu t b d n e a t M a d sis cams o rtlain a d d lb rt id fee e u g n s e e id s o k e s' li f eaito n eieae n ifrnc a i tPo ,A ye s J hns and K e l f r c fng hi be nd hi bac on N ove be 29,201 ga ns pe r , o on, ly o uf i m hi s k m r 2; butt c tfndst tt m oto mus be gr nt d a t a lo he c am s The c twils tt he our i ha he i n t a e s o l t r li . our l e he rmann camsf raj r tili Abn d n tedv so wh r t ec u eo a to a o e An e iig li o u y ra n ig o , h iiin e e h a s f cin r s . a opra eor rwili s t sda ppr it de l s ue hi y. TV Clr i dieced t s nd c e oft sme a l opi on and a compa ng ek s r t o e opis hi morndlm ni c nyi or t pl ntf der o ai if ENTER :Ths39# d yo S pe e, 01 i a f e tmb r2 4. Chi fUnied St t Diti tJ e t aes src udge

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