Makdessi v. Ayers et al, No. 7:2013cv00079 - Document 76 (W.D. Va. 2014)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 09/18/2014. (kab)

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nlFRKS OFFI U. DI r l CF S. SK A r AT ROANA E, VA FlFD :! C I TH E UN I N TED STAT ES D I STR I CO U R T CT FO R TH E W E STER N D I STR I O F VI G I A CT R NI ROANOKE DI I ON V SI ADI EDDI RAM EZ M AK DESSI B E , sro l 2 1 gj ; '. . JULI (,.'' Z , A . ( - CLERK ; EY BY; DEP 7 CL ERK CASE NO .7: 3CV00079 1 Pl nt f , ai i f M EM O M N DU M O PI O N NI L. FLEM I W ARDEN, & , J. NG, c By: GlnE. nr d e Co a Chi fUni e St esD i t i tJudge e t d at src Dee fndants. t) Adi Eddi Ra e M akde s,a Vigi a i ae pr e ng pr K ,fld t s cvi rght b e m z si r ni nm t oc edi o ie hi i l i s . aci unde 42U. C.j 1 a t ca ei now rpeont dee ton r S. 983, nd he s s i he fndant moton f s s' i or ummar y j d me t Up nr ve o terc r , h c u t idsmaeilfcsi d s ue a t M a d sis u g n . o e iw f h e o d t e o r fn tra a t n ip t s o k e s' cl i s t t t r t la e ag ns M a a m ha , o e a i t ai t kdes if a pendi l w s t one gr of def ntpr s n s or ng a ui, oup enda io o fcasc fe hi b hidh sb c , n wi giwo l c u es ro p i t h sijle s o le . fiil u fd m e n i a k k o n t u d a s eius an o i n t d h ud r r Fo t era o sae ,hec u td ne s mma yj d me ta t ti cam, u g a t sl r r h e s ns ttd t o r e is u r u g n s o h s li b t rn s l mmay j d me ta t M a d sisoh rc ne to s u g n s o k e s' te o tn in . Backzround I Nove be 201 M a s wa i ar e a e i t pr eci c t uni a Ke n n m r 2, kdes i s nc c r t d n he ot tve usody t t e M ounti Co rci lCe e . Att ttme,M a s was pms ng a j 1 c ant i an re tona ntr ha i kdesi ui 983 ompli n whi h he al ge t t i D e e r201 a W a lnsRi Stt Prs hewa r pe byhi cel c le d ha, n c mbe 0 t le dge a e ion, sa d s l m a e a a tc by ot r ga m e r and t t t de e nt ofi r et r s i ie or t nd ta ked he ng mbe s ha he f nda tce s ihe olct d dei r t l f ie t i e v ne. Se M A s v.Fi l . e a . Cas No.7: 1 lbe a ey a ld o nt r e e kdes i eds t 1, e 1 CV262. By No e r201 , h c u t a d ne s mma yj d me ti pat rfre t ermann cams v mbe 2 t e o r h d e id u r u g n n r, ee rd h e iig li t t ema itaej d e a o ti dp ob n c u e f rM a e s. o h gsrt u g , nd bane r o o o nsl o kd sil I Fe ar 201 M a s fld t pr s ntj1 a ton,ase tngt tt deenda n bur y 3, kdesi ie he e e 983 ci s ri ha he f nt prs ofi a s ha r t la e agans hi f t pe ng lw s ti va i wa . Li r l ion fcil d e a it d i t m or he ndi a ui n rous ys be aly co tui hi n e d co pl ntfl d i M a 201 t s a e t is sheha br nsr ng s m nde m ai ie n y 3, he e r he s ue s oughtbe or f e t c t he our : On No mb r 29 2 2 f u p io o fcas i o n ce t t od lws i'( ao ve e , 01 , o r rs n fiil t n e td o he 1 a ut M j r c ' Galhar Lt Fil ,Lt M c e a As it W ade Kie )rtlae ag ns M a s li , . eds . oue n, nd ss. r n sr eaitd ai t kdesi by sndi t e ofie s fo Re Oni Stt Prs ( fces Ayes Po ,a e ng hre fc r r m d on ae ion Ofi r r, pe nd J h s n t th e tng)gi t d o teo do g ig lws fzb ()s a ig d wnhi o n o ) o s rae hm) o r p h l n on a ui' y a h kn o t s c l;( ) itn in l rij rn M a d sis s o le b c fn h sh n s b hn hi el b ne to al en u ig k e s' h ud r y ufi g i a d e id s y bac alhough ohe i ts wee c f t t font a ( a t owi a y k, t t r nmae r ufed o he r , nd c) nd hr ng wa d c me t a dlg ls p le fo t lws i. Ame d. mp . , No 1 - . Ke n o u n s n e a u p is r m he a ut ( n Co l 1 ECF . 9 2) e M ount n' OfierYaesa sse i t e a tonswhi h we e G l d and e ur d' ai s fc t s it d n hes ci c r ç owe al nco age ' by W ade Flmi AsitntW ade Clr Prt tveCusody CTC' Uni M a ge r n e ng, ssa r n ay, oeci t ' t na r ) S k s PC Lt Owe , ndPC Ofie Ph lps3whl M ao Kel s p r ie a dddn t y e, . ns a fc r il , ie j r ly u e vs d n i o i i tr e e (.) ne v n . J= / 1 Som ei eltr t ma itaej g rc mme d de ty o j d me tfrtedefnda sa t co t tm ae , he gsrt ud e eo n e nr f u g n o h e nt nd he ur a o tdterc mmc d to s Ma d siv Fil ,CaeNo 7 l CV0 26 2 3WL 5 5 3 0( D. . e t2 , d pe h e o n ain . k e s . eds s . : l 0 2, 01 3 3 3 W. Va S p . 4 201 ) Ma d sisa p a i t tc s i n w p n n b f r teUntdS ae Co r o Ap asfrteFo rh 3. k e s' p e l n ha ae s o e dig eoe h ie tts u t f pe l o h ut Cic i@ o.1- 6 6 . rut 37 0 ) 2 Tl eofi r alege yt d M a s t t knew abouthi lws tandt hewas$ toublma r ws fce s l dl ol kdesi hat hey s a ui hat E r e ke , a a d a cyba y b c u e g lcid l e ab b wh n g )g trp d a W aln Rig ' ta h c ul n thd , n r b , e a s he re i k a y e he o a e t l s d e' h t e o d o ie e ; be us eve i pr eci c t ca e n n ot tve usody,t y woul c he d ome a fnd you,a ge youi a t t Gali r Fi ds nd i nd t ' nd ha ' lha , el , M c e n a dKie 'e t(i t i rg r s' (d 2. Ast ot r sac dhsc l, kd si l g st t ou e , n sr t n hm)her e ad . 1 . ) he f s e rhe i elMa es al e ha he s ' ke e her te sy(h yn e e t f da ytigwi AstW ad nKie ' n meo ia dd sryi. (d 3) ad h m a t e e d d o i n hn t s. r e srs a n t n eto t' I . . t n h ' 3 M akde s r est t sdee nta Ofi rPhii . Be us i i no ce rt tt ofke sa t alna s i efr o hi fnda s tce lp ca e t s w la ha he t r' c u me i Philps t cour wilus t tna s li ,he t l e ha me. 2 2. Bef et s a c M a or he e r h, kdes it sma t srp down na s t wa de o ti ked,a m a t bend ove sa nd de o r nd j mp u a d d wn a d s u td wn a d rpe tt p o e s... n d t n st a wee u p n o , n q a o , n e a he r c s a d o hig h t r v r u c mfra l a d sx lnn t r , ndpan u . ( 2) ey n o o tb e n e ua i au e a if l' J . ' #. 3. Ofi r att s ke wn di note tr t tM a fce s he ha do d nsze ha kdes ir ceved m e ca te t nta tr s e i di l r a me fe hi s o d rwa r ij r dd rngt es ac s h ule s enu e u i h e rh. 4. On M a c 1 201 De enda Owe ha hi çston a ha d m ealc i i hi ofie f r h 2, 3, f nt ns d m si r t har n s fc or 7ho r gtag t'i s i o hi à c ij r (d 5. u s sr ihj'n pt f s a k n u y. 1 . ) e On M ac 1 ,2 3 M a d siwa ç ta p e t a ee tia s o k b x o (i)b c rh 3 01 , k e s s ç rplld o n lcrc l h c o n hs a k s a d srpg qdtg tt ri)was i o d rt c us ( i p i a dma er m)paa od' n ta p e ih o i s it n r e o a e hm) an n k hi rn i' l s t a hec udn tc n e taeo h sc u t a et a d y ( D o h t o l o o c nrt n i o r c s h t a . J # 6. Afe M a s c tr kdes i ompli t tOfi rPhilpshad s xua l as a td a ha a s hi aned ha fce li e ly s ule nd r s ed m r lt d t t srp s r h on N o mbe 29,201 Owe r t laed by puti M akde s ea e o he ti ea c ve r 2, ns e ait tng si i s gr ga i fom Aprl1 t 25, 3, t n e e ton r i 6 o 201 wihoutadici i r c r . s plna y ha ge M a s i a s as e t t t t al d i t nc of rt iton pr e i pende kde s lo s rs ha he lege nsa es eala i es nt nde nt vi a i ofhi co tt i ol tons s ns iutonalrght unde t Fi s ,Fo t Ei h,or Four e nt Am e e s i s r he r t ur h, ght te h ndm nt . The d fn a t h v fld a wes( No .4 & 6 )a d a moin f rs mmayj d me t ee d ns a e ie ns r ECF s 5 0 n to o u r u g n ( No.61 s ECF , uppore by nume o afda t. M a s ha fld t ve i d rs ns t td r us fi vis kdesi s ie wo rfe epo es o t i a g nt a e de ( Nos 46 a 66) maki t de e nt'moton rpe f her r ume s nd vi nce ECF . nd , ng he f nda s i i or c i r t o .4 ons de a i n 4 Th c u ttn stemoin frs mmayj d me trpefrds o io ,d s t Ma d sisc mpans e o r i d h t o u r u g n i o ip st n epi k e s' o lit o i e t hedi nothaveac es t holr ofs veilnceca r f ageon muli e daes asher se i dic r hat d c s o zs ur la me a oot tpl t , eque td n s ove y be or t de enda sr s f e he f nt e ponded t hi co pl nt The c tgr nt t def nda sa pr t tve o de ,pe ng t r o s m ai . our a ed he e nt o ec i r r ndi hei sb sino tesmmayj d me t to .Thee he,Ma d simo e t s b o n c ranfoa eVo til' u miso f h u r u g n moin ra r k es v d o u p e a e ti o tg d r ra. f ' ( to 1 ECF No.6 . Mo e v r e n n w,h fi t so ta a y o te rq se vd o foa e wo l Moin , 8) ro e, ve o e al o h w h t n f h e uetd ie o tg ud s rs le a y fcu lds t maeilt tedip sto o hi camso smmayj g n. Aste c u th ri e ov n a ta ipue tra o h s o i n f s li n u r ud me t i h o r een dee nes t M a s' cai a tnni hat kdes is l ms boutbei c f d behi hi bac durng t s ke ng ufe nd s k i he ha down on Novembe 29, r 201 m us got til t c twildie t de e nt t pr 2, t o ra,he our l r ct he f nda s o oducet vi oft s kedown ont tdae. he deo he ha ha t l1. D i si scus oq M akde s' prm a y c e i i t s lws t ha be n t t t de enda s a tons s is i r ont nton n hi a ui s e ha he f nt ' c i durng t s down on Nove be 29,201 a t r ferwe e t ke i r t lai f hi i he hake m r 2, nd he ea t r a n n e ai ton or s t nhe ongoi lws t Prs ofi a sm a notpunih a i t f e r sng hi co tt i l ng a ui. ion fcil y s n nma e or xe cii s nsiutona rg tt a c s t e c u t Hu s eh v F c i s 5 4 F.d 1 45 1 4 (t Ci.1 78 . On te ih o c e s h o r. d p t . i gn , 8 2 3 , 3 7 4 h r 9 ) h ot r ha r t lai n cli by prs r a i t prs n of i s t us .. r ga de wih he nd, e aito a ms ione s ga ns i o fcal s t .be e z d t m s ptc s ,l tf er lc t embr lt ms l s i e r dicplna y a tt toc s i sae ke iim es ed a ours oi he eve n ve y s i i r c ha cur n t t pena i tt i . Adn v.Ii ,40F. 72,74 ( h Ci.1 .Ani t mus pr sntmor l nsiutons' ms tce ' 3d 4t r 994) nmae t ee e t a ç a d alg to o rp ia. l . He mu tsae s e i fcst etb ih t a () i h n d ke le ains f e rsl' d n ' s tt p cfc a t o sa ls h t a n r pons t hi e r s ofac tt i l pr ece rght ( t dee ntt s aci es e o s xecie onsiutonaly ot td i , b) he fnda ook ome ton t a ()a v reyi a td o ij rd hm a d hsa l yt e rieh sc n ttto a rg t I . h t c d e s l mp ce r nu e i n i bit o xecs i o si in l ih . d i u He m us de o ta e t t hi e r ie of hi c tt i l rght was a t ubsa i l' o t m nsr t ha s xe c s s onsiutona i û t nta' r s tmotvai 'f c orbe nd t al ge y r t la or a ton. W a rv.W he l r 1 F. 8 90t i tng' a t hi he le dl e a it y c i gne e e , 3 3d 6, 91 ( h Ci.1 (ii Mt Heaf Ciy Sc DititBoa d ofEduc ton v.Doyl 429 4t r 993) ctng . lhy t hool src r ai e, U. 27 287 ( 977)(e rng pli ift s t c alr ltons p bewe n t pr ece S. 4, 1 r quii antf o how t aus eai hi t e he ot td a rxprs i a t r t it y aci '. M ee Ee alpr xi t 'bewe t i t s e son nd he ealaor ton' ) r d mpor o miy' t en he nmae' t pr t c e a i t a t ofki ' al ge y r alaor a on ti sm pl t sende a r ed o o e t d ctviy nd he f als le dl et it y di ts i y oo l r e n whih t r t'a j1 rtlai cam. I a 91 Si lry,al d r tlaor c c o es' 983 eaiton li d. t . mia l lege eait y onduc t t t ha c us no mor t n m e e i onve e t t pli if se r ie ofhi co tt i lrgh i a es e ha r nc ni nce o he a ntf' xe cs s nsiutona i t s i ufi e t s r a j 1 cli Amei n Ci lLi risUni v.W iomio Couny, ns fcint o uppo t 983 am. rca vi bçte on c c t 999F. 780,786(t Ci.1 ) 2d 4h r 993 . 4 A.Deendant Gali ,Fil ,M c f s lhar eds ouee and Kier n, s l rs o s t t edee d ns e ie c o s mma yj d me t M a d sisae t th n e p n e o h fn a t' vd n e n u r u g n , k e s tts ha e wilwihd a hi camsa i tDee nt Galha ,Fil ,Mcoue n,a Kie,be us hi l t r w s li gans fnda s li r eds e nd s r ca e s o ye d n ea ans te i S e ra . S c n Vei dRepo e2 ECFNo. 6) Ba e o nl vie c g i t h m s t a s y' e o d rfe s ns , h '( 6 . sd n t s une voc i en t wihdr w alc am s a i tt s def nda s t c twildim is hi qui al nt t o t a l l i ga ns he e e nt , he our l s s M a s' camsagans Gali r Fil ,M c e andKier kdesis li i t lha, eds oue n, s. B . The Shake w n do M a s idoe nots ii a l r ta ta o hi f c ua al ga i a kde s s pecfc ly er c ny f s a t l le tons boutt s ke w n, he ha do howe r and a s t t the ha f r c tf t s ve , s ers ha s o e as acs uppo tng c am sofr t la i a i tt ot r ri l i e a iton ga ns he he def nda s He a l s t t whe Pope Ayer , a J hns c m e t s a c hi c l o e nt . lege ha n , s nd o on n o e r h s el n Nove be 29,201 and wa ed t ha uf hi be nd hi bac he s m r 2, nt o ndc f m hi s k, howe t m me c l d he di a r c r so o g i te t n o h slf s o le . Th y alg dy t l h m,1Yo )s o l j s e o d f n ong rame t f i et h ud r e l e l od i 1 u h ud u t e ( d o t lws i,a d ( o qwiln l n e bete td b d y'a d s i $we1)c f (o r ha d r p he a ut n y u l o o g r rae a l , n ad t ' u f y u q n s ' ( l t t e b c a m a e e vh n i c u e s go )rij r . ( n Co l 2. Ma d si o h a k n y v n v e t a s g) y u en u y' Ame d. mp . ) k e s ' alege y a ke Ofi rYa e why hewa ha l dl s d fce t s s ndcufe t t ba k whe ot ri aesi t a e f d o he c n he nm t n he r a we e ha uf e t t font a co pl ne t thi l ts de hur a hi a m wa goi r ndc f d o he r , nd m ai d ha s ef houl r t nd s r s ng n mb.Yae alg dy s i Eold r a efo a o e'whl lo ig a M ao Kel an ab u ts le e l ad,t r es r r m b v , ie o kn t j r l l ' y, e r y Ke nM o n an o fc r5 (d ?) e u ti fie . j . . On sl r j d me t t e d fnd nsp e e tu d s u e e ie c t t o No e e l mma y u g n , h ee a t r sn n ip td vd n e ha, n v mb r 29,201 t s rh t m me r ( pe Aye s a J o ,c fom difrntprs a 2,he eac ea mbe s Po , r , nd ohns n) ame r fee ions s 5 M a s is bm isafi t fom ot ri t pr s ti t u ton Nove r29, 201 , whos t y kde s u t fdavis r he nmaes e en n he ni mbe 2 ay he ha t k ha c f d t t fontwhiet ofke ss r hedt rc l. I t Ha saest tt ofke st d d he nds ufe o he r l he t r ea c hei els nmae wks tt ha he f r ol hi t y we efom Red Oni and t t y woul notgi hi ahar tm e bu s d çhos t ae getng t r m he r r on hat he d ve m d i , t ai t e wo r ti hei t c l tr u , ponigt Ma es a d a te imae ( wk Afi 1 ECF No 1 - ) W h n Ha ake el o e p' itn o kd si n noh r n t. Ha s fd. , s ' . 94. e wks s d wh ,h o t r si,dhe aecyb be a dtoubl ma r. ( ) Ma d si loasrst tt sl iln e y te fkes ad Sf y r r a is n r lj e kes' J ' #. k es as set ha he uvel c a ca e a f a wilveiy t albutone oft ot r i e i hi aea w ee c f t t fo durng t m r ootge l rf hat l he he nmats n s r r ufed o he r nt i he s kedownpr es onNove r29, 2. ha oc s mbe 201 5 pa tofaVigi aDe rme ofCo rci (ç r r ni pat nt re tons : VDOC' srkef c a t r q s oft wade ' ti ore, t he e uet he r n ) of Ke n M o an a a ove by t VDOC r ona diecor6 t s e unt i s ppr d he egi l r t , o cour t at f ciiy f a h a lt or pur td zi gun.Ke n M ot an ofi e sha r c i d a anonymous ha pore p e mt i fc r d e e ve n , ndwrte not sa i itn e t tng t t t r wa a zp gun wih a mt ton i i t compound. The i tt i wen on ha he e s i t m mii nsde he nsiuton t l kdo whie t srke f ce co uced a s ke oc wn l he ti or nd t ha down of t e ie f clt a t y a e he ntr a iiy, s he r s i l tane a e ppe t do. The srke f r edef nda ssae t tt y di notknow of pecaly r i d nd qui d o ti o c e nt t t ha he d M akde s orhi lws ta i tW al nsli e ofi e s. A1 oft de e n sde m a ng any si s a ui gans le tdg fc r 1 he f nda t ny ki l ws tr l t c me s dtrng t s r h,as M a s ides rbe .a s y t do notr cal a ui-e aed om nt li he ea c kde s c i s nd a hey e l t s ar h of hi c l De e n Sykes r c l c a tng t m e c l uni t fnd outi a he e c s el. f nda t e als ont c i he di a to i f m e c or r w as on fl r uii t t M a s ibe c f d t t f ont a l a i t tt r di al de ie, eq rng ha kde s uf e o he r nd e m ng ha he e w asno s h or r uc de . On t s r c d,t c tfnds no ma e i diput of f t on whih M a s i co d hi e or he our i t ral s e ac c kde s ul p rua e aj r ta hi p s lws i wa a s bsa ta mo iaig fco f rt e d fn a t t e s d u y h t s a t a ut s u tnil tv tn a tr o h ee d n s o our l, he e or a he e nt ' s down hi cel o Nove be 29,201 7 The c twil t r f e, gr ntt defnda s hake s l n m r 2. moin f rs mma yj dg n a t Ma d siscamso r tl to r ltd t t c l s ac o to o u r u me t s o k e s' li f eai in eae o he el e rh n a Nove be 29,201 m r 2. C. C uf sng t t bac asre alaton o he k t i i M a s i s c ai t t t s rke f c a K e n M ount n de e nt r t la e a ns kde s ' l m ha he t i or e nd e ai f nda s e a i t d gai t hi f hi pe ng l ui by c fng hi dif r nty t n o he i t de pie hi c m or s ndi aws t ufi m fe e l ha t r nma es s t s ompl nt ai s 6 I i undiput t tG alhar F ed , c e n, n Kie a W aln Rig ha en a t o iyt a t a e ts s ed ha li , i ls M ou e a d s r t le s d e v o u h rt o c i t v t V DOC srkef c f as down a Kee M ount n. he ti or e or hake t n ai 1 As s a e , M akde s doe notwihdr w t al tons a t td si s t a he legai boutt de e t 'conve s to a uthi he f ndan s r ains bo s lws tdm i t s rh a s ys va y,t tt y le i t r afi vis Al a ui ng he eac nd a , guel ha he id n hei tda t. one,t s c nm e s t n i he e ol nt, vt f pr oven,a enots fci tbas sf fndi t tt l ui wa as t ntalo motvai f t f t s ke r ufi en e or i ng ha he aws t s ubsa i r i tng acor or he ha down oft prs whe weghed a i tt undiput e de et t zi gun tle twa t r as Ke n M ot ai he ion, n i gans he s ed vi nc hat he p lr a s he e on e mt n ofkil cald i t srkef ceofi r t as le n he ti or fces. 6 ofs ul rpai pr s nt i a dif r ntsn ,howe r The pa te a e t tt srke f r ho de n ee s n fe e tnce ve . ri s gr e ha he ti o ce ofk er ha t opto t ha uf M akde s t t fontdurng t e ie cels a c pr es t s d he i n o ndc f s i o he ' r i he ntr l e r h oc s e wihouta me c lor rr quii g s h r sr i . Ye , M a s a lgest y f ie t do ven t di a de e rn uc e ta ntB t kdes i le he a ld o s des t hi c pl i s ofpa n. The pa te di a e a t whe he a lot r i a esw e e a s o, pie s om a nt i ri s s gr e s o t r 1 he nm t r lo c f d t t ba k whiet i c l we es a c d, t rt ofi r m a c ufe o he c l he r els r e r he whehe he fce s de omm e si pl ng nt m yi t tt y we e c fngM akde s t t ba k t punih hi f hi l ws t and whe he M a s ha he r ufi s i o he c o s m or s a ui, t r kdes i hi t ge he c pr t thes f r c tt i ly sg fc nthar fom t ra to . Att s s a , t an ove ha ufe ed onsiutonal i nii a m r hei c i ns9 c u tc n o sy t a n ra o a l jl c u d fn t a rtlain f r t lws i wa a o r n n t a h t o e s n b e ty o l id h t eaito o he a ut s r s t nta f c o i t dec son m a by Pope,Ayer ,a J ubsa il a t r n he ii de s nd ohns wih Ke l ss vii t on, t ly' uper son, o c fM a d s i e idh sb c .Bae o t t eds t s t ec u t l d n s uf k e s b hn i a k s d n h s ipue , h o r wi e y ummm' j dg n l y u me t f t s f de e nt ast M a s isc am ofr t laor c fng. or he e our f nda s o kde s' l i e ait y ufi Thec u twilg a ts mmayj d me tf rYae , we r Yae 'u ds t datd vt o r l rn u r u g n o t s ho ve. ts n ipue fi a i i c t s t t he wa i tai ng on Nove ndia e ha s n r ni mber 29,201 a m e el a sse i t pr ry 2, nd r y s it d n he ope t s a che M or ove ,M a s idoe nota lge t Ya e as it d i t cufi pr ce sorsae e r s. e r kde s s le hat t s sse n he fng o s tt f ts acs howi t tt sofie ha au hort t m a dec sonsa uthow t srkef c ofk e s ng ha hi fc r d t iy o ke ii bo he ti or e t r conducedt spr e e SeeRa lv.Prnc Ge ge' Cot y,302 F. 1 203( h Ci. t hi oc dur . ndal i e or s mt 3d 88, 4t r 2 0 )(t aby tn ig ofie ( )i c n r ne wiha fl w o fc r i e a a t ( )p se s s 0 2 çf sa dn fc r 1 s o fo td t el f e' l g l c, 2 o s se i o sl 8 J on' a fda tsaest tsa d pr dur durng as down i t cuf t i t i fon s ohns s fi vi tt ha tndar oce e i hake s o f he nmae n r t o t the ca hel c r hi matr s a pil t t x-ay mac ne a t move t c f t t ba whie t ha n p ary s te s nd low o he r hi nd o he ufs o he ck l he ofker s a c t ot rie si hi cel J on sae t tt ssa r pr dur vai onl i t i t hasa t s e r h he he tm n s l. ohns tts ha hi t nda d oce e res y f he nmae m edi or r quii s cilc fng. Pope saes how e r t the r cal c f g a i ae t t fon o cal der e rng pe a ufi tt , ve , ha e ls ufm n nm t o he r t n Nove r29,201 d i t c l s a c ahe he c ai d a mbe 2, urng he el e r h r ompl ne bouts de pai 9om ba k cufi e n t h houl r n c fng, ve houg hedi nothav amedi o de . d e cal r r 9 The de e t a gu: t tan x-ay ofM a s' s deri De m be 201 , a fw w e ksahe t f ndans r ha r kdes is houl n ce r 2 e e r he sa e o ,dd n ts o sg i n at ii c a g s o a y a ue ij r . Th y d n t ds ue h we r h k d wn i o h w int t rhrt h n e r n c t nu y ka c e o o ip t, o ve, M a s ' evi e t tbac c f c e hi s ve e pan d i t s kedown is l a t he t d t kdesis denc ha k ufmg aus d m e r i urng he ha tef nd hat ol he ofi er s be o ea d i t c fngpr es . M a s alo s isa x-a r tfom s er m ont l er tc s o f r nd urng he ufi oc s kdesi s ubm t n r y epor r ev al hs at , s wi sg t nta t ii c nge . Healege t ta docort d hi s c ho ng inika rhrtc ha s l s ha t ol m uch hangeswoul tke tm et deveop da i o l atra ijr te n nuy. 7 t o we t p e n i, n ()c o e n tt a t h ma b d e da a c mp iea dte td he o r o rve t t a d 3 h os s o o c, e y e e me n c o lc n rae a or ngl ' (mpha i a d) cc di y' e ) ss dde . The c talo doe no fnd a matra f ti diput on whih M akd s co d hol our s s t i ny e i l ac n s e c es i ul d t ot rKe n M ot ai de e nt la e f t al d r t it y c fng. M a he he e mt n f nda s ibl or he lege eala or ufi kdes ias e t s s rs t t Fl mi Cl y,Sykes Owe ,and Philps E lowed a e ur ge 't srke f ce t ha e ng, ar , ns li t l a nd nco a d' he ti or o s ke ha down t pr ec i c t t ti a e . Ye ,he ofe s no e de e t t a o t s he ot tve usody mi nm t s t fr vi nc ha ny f he e ofi r waspr en dtrng,orpari pa e i t c fng pr e s ha a f e fce s es t zi tci t d n, he ufi oc s ; d ny or knowl dge t t e ha M a s woul be s rousy ha d by t tpr s ;o had a a hort ove t srke f r kdes i d e i l nne ha oce s r ny ut iy r he ti o ce ofi r' pr t ol See Vi dge v.Gi , 550 F. 9 928 ( h Ci. 1 fces ooc . nne bbs 2d 26, 4t r 977) (i ng tndi s r ior la lt r quiess upe vs y i biiy e r howi t tofi i lwa i ve t r o ly i t de i ton of ng ha fc a s nvol d é s na l n he prvai pe t pli if 'rg s'be us the doc rne of r s he antf s i ht ' ca e t t ti e pondea s i has no a i to 'unde t uperor pplcai n' r j 1 ;Ra l,302 F. a 203 (egadi bysa r) Ac or ngl he ha no sae 983) ndal 3d t r r ng tnde s. c di y, s t ttd s fce f t t hol t m la e f t aci oft srke f c The e or ,t c twil uf int acs o d he i bl or he tons he ti or e. r f e he our l g a tsl r j d me tfrF e ng Clr S k s Owe s a d P il o Ma e s' cam o rn t mmay u g n o lmi , ay, y e , n , n h lps n kd sis li f i r t i t y c fng. e ala or ufi D . Cuf nng t t bac as de i ra e i f e nc o he k lbe t ndif re e M a s alo a s rst tc fng hi behi hi ba k c tt e dei a ei fe e kdes i s s e t ha ufi m nd s c onsiut d lber t ndif r nce t a s t nta rs t t s pr dur w oul c e hi s r ous ha m ,i vi aton oft Ei h o ubs a i l i k hat hi oce e d aus m e i r n ol i he ght Ame d n .0 Fa me v. el an, 1u s. 2 , 3 - 7( 9 4 .Tos r ies mmayj dg n n me t1 r r Br m 51 8 5 8 53 1 9 ) u vv u r u me t . on s h a cli he mus f e as e de e on whih a r s bl f c fnde coul de e mi uc a m, t or c t vi nc c ea ona e a t i r d t r ne t t de e ntofi i wasa r off c sfom whih he c d i e t tf n e s i rs t hat he f nda fcal wa e a t r c oul nf r ha ç xce sve ik o a i a e he t ors ey' e se t the a t ly dr w s h a i er nc a t n dir r d nm t alh af t ' xit d, ha c ua l e uc n nf e e, nd he sega de 1 The de e nt ha a l ed t sas tofM a s iscompl nta algi t tc fng hi t t 0 f nda s ve nayz hi pec kde s' ai s le ng ha ufi m o he bac c tt t exc si fr . Be aus M a s c it ty r er t t cam a one of i lbe ae k onsiued es ve o ce c e kdesi onssenl ef s o he li s t i rt de i feenc 'howeve ,hecour wilc i rhi ale i unde t slga t or ndif r e, ' rt t l onsde s lgatons r hi e l he y. 8 t r s by f ii t t ke lr as bl m e s e ' t a l vi t i . I a 837. H e l us pr he ik a lng o a le ona e a ur s ' o le a e t d. t ç t oduce m e i e c o a s ro o sg iia tp y ia o e to a ij r r s lig fo t c l ng d v d n e f eius r infc n h sc l r mo in l n u y e utn r m he hal e e c n to . Sh k a v S t 71F.d 1 2 1 6 (t Ci.1 9 )(n en lq o ainso te ) o di ns' a k . mi i ' h, 3 6 , 6 4 h r 9 5 itr a u tto mitd . On t ot rhand,whie prs of i l m us t a r as bl me ur t g r nt et s e y he he l ion fc as t t ke e ona e as es o ua a e he aft t o t imae s Hu s n v. l r 4 U. 51 ,5 6 5 ( 9 4) çto t e tn t t(rs n f he n ts' d o Pame, 68 S. 7 2 -27 1 8 ,é l he x e t ha p io ' l l n ) c n iins ae r srcie a d e e h rh,t y ae p r o t e pe l t a c i na i g o dto r etitv n v n a s he r a t f h nat h t rmi l vi y o fn e sp yf rtero fns sa an ts cey. Rh d sv Ch p n 4 2U. 3 7 3 ( 9 1 . fe d r a o h i fe e g is o it ' o e . a ma , 5 S. 3 , 47 1 8 ) ' Ony S xr me d p i to ' c n stsy t o j cie ee n o a Eih h Ame me tcam l ç te e rvains' a aif he b e tv lme t f n g t e nd n li c l ngi co to ofc i m e .Hqds n,503 U. a 9. hale ng ndii ns ontne nt o S. t Th c u t o cu e ta M a d si a p e s fiin fcst s r iesl r j d me t e o r c n l d s h t k e s h s ld u fce t a t o u vv l mmay u g n on hi cl m t tPope,Aye s J on,a Kel a t d wih dei r t i fe enc t a kno s ai ha r , ohns nd ly c e t lbe a e ndif r e o wn rs t t u fn hm b h n h sb c wo dc us hm s v r p i a peh psij r .Th c u t ik ha c fi g i e i d i a k ul a e i e ee an nd r a n u y e o r fn mae ilfcsi ds t a d wil t eeo e d n sl r j d me to t s ap c o ids tra a t n ipue n l, h rf r , e y l mma y u g n n hi s e t f M a s' c kdes is ompli a t Pope, r ,J ant s o Aye s ohns n,a Kely. o nd l Fo t r s ar a dic s d,howe ,t cour fndsno m a e ildipu e o whih r he ea ons le dy s us e ver he ti t ra s t n c M a s c d pe s de a f ti r t hol Yaes Philps orany of t s r i o y Ke n kdes i oul rua acfnde o d t , li , he upe v s r e M o n an o t asl bl u d rj1 3f rc u i g hm pan d rn te c f p o e u e . He u ti fkil i e n e 98 o a sn i i u ig h u fng r c d rs a has notsa e f ct s wi pe s tt d a s ho ng ronali ve e by a oft s def nda s i t c tng nvol m nt ny he e e nt n he ufi pr dur s durng t s kedown. Vi dge 550 F. a 928. The e or t c twilgr t oce e i he ha nne , 2d t r f e, he our l an Sl l jl ltCai f Flmi Clr Owe ,Syke ,Yat ,a Philpson t sEiht tmmay tdgmcl l m Or e ng, ay, ns s es nd li hi g h Am e ndmen . t 9 E . Conf s i ofI i cat on egalm ateri s al Ma kdes i as cli t t dtrng t s kedown, Pope, Aye s J on, an Ya es s lo a ms ha li he ha r , ohns d t r m ove lga doc e s a wrtng s i s pur has fom t c e d e l um nt nd ii upple c ed r he omm is r a ca ms he s a y, nd li ove hea d t m aludi t hi pror l ws t a t y di s De e nt s i a c r r he l ng o s i a ui s he d o. f nda s ubm t opy of a s ke ha down r por fom t tda e i c tng t tt ofk er f e tr ha t , ndi a i ha he t s ound no da a d,e es i or m ge xc sve c r ba pr ry i M a s ' c l The sa e t tt y woul ha dipos d ofa tas onta nd ope t n kdes is el. y t t ha he d ve s e ny r h ie sf t m ound durng t s ke i he ha down,butde r movi a l lm aera sorc ny e ng ny ega t il omm is r ie s s a y tm . The c ttnds no m a e i ldi put f c on w hi h M akde s c d pe s de a r as bl our i t r a s ed a t c s i oul r ua e ona e f d tnde t hol t def nda sla eon t sr t la i cli . Eve as umi wihoutfndi a i r o d he e nt ibl hi e a iton am n s ng t ng t tt ofk e st e a y s edocume sa s plesdurngt s ke ha he t r hr w wa om nt nd up i i he ha down bec us oft a e he l ui,M a aws t kdes if ist a lge f c si c tng a s ik ,ad r eefe tt sco uc ha on s a l o le a t ndia i ny pect ve s f c hi nd t d hi ltgai n eforsi hi prorc s W iomi o Cot y,999 F. a 78 W ihoutt see e s ii to f t n s i a e. c c mt 2d t 6. t hi lm nt e t bls d,hi r t lai n cli f is For t s m e r as M a s i c nnot pr val on a sa ihe s e aito am al . he n e on, kde s n e i s pa a ecli t tt al ge c i c ton oflgaldoc e sand ma e i l vi a e hi rghtt e r t a m ha he le d onfs a i e um nt t ras olt d s i o a e st c t. Se Le sv.Casy,51 U. 343,351( 996)( di t ti esae no cc s he ours e wi e 8 S. 1 hol ng ha nmat tts a tona e a e s c am a e a s c fc s c i bl cc s l i bs nt pe ii howi t ta c l d a ton c us d hn m t hi ng ha halenge c i a e r o s l iain ef rs. i g to fo t) t M a s a s hasno due pr es c am r a e t t al ge l s ofhi l ga m ae il kdes i lo oc s l i elt d o he le d os s e l tra s dm i t s kedown. Alegai t tprs ofk i l r ndom l de i d a i t of hi ng he ha l tons ha ion t as a y prve n nma e s pr ry,whe he i en i l ora a r s tofne i enc do no sa e a c tt i na cai ope t t r nt tonaly s e ul glg e, t tt ny onsiuto l l m di a me ngf lpos- prvai n r m e f t l s i a lbl ' Huds 468 U. a 533. çf ani u tde i to e dy or he os s vaia e. ' on, S. t Be us M a s ipos es e t r r m e esunde V igi a s a e l w by whi h t s e r ove y of ca e kde s s s d o t e di r r ni t t a c o e k ec r t monear vaueoft misngie ,s eVa.CodeAnn.j8. - 95. hecr prvali a he ty l he si tms e 01 1 3, mnot e i n 10 c tt i na cli f t al ge pr ry l s For t saed r as ,t cou t g a s onsiuto l a m or he le d ope t os . he t t e ons he r r nt s ummayj dg n f rt d fn a t a t a1camsrltd t te alg to so c nic td r u me t o he ee d n s s o 1 li eae o h le ain f o fs ae l lm a e i l . ega t r a s F. The st p search ri M a s ia lgest tbef e t s ke kde s le ha or he ha down ofhi ce l t srke f c ofk e sor r s l, he ti or e t r de ed hi t srp na d, nd ove ,s t s e d hi butoc ,lf hi t tc e ,and s m o ti ke be r qua , pr a s t ks it s esil s hakehi pe ss s ni o t y c d s i heha a zp g orot rcon r ba s c e e i hi body. M a s co i e he oul ee f d i un he ta nd e r t d n s kdes i nsder d ti v s a srp s ac t b l e a i n tte' Ame d. mpl2. Hesae t th tl t h s iu l ti e rh o e t xu l n at . s r '( n Co . ) tts ha e o d he ofi r how t pr e s wa ca i hi pai i hi s de a ba k a c us d hi fce s he oc s s usng m n n s houl r nd c nd a e m e oi m tonaldite sby r m i ng hi ofbeng r ped b hi c lmat atW al Ri ,butt sr s e ndi m i a y s el e lens dge he ofi r ç dn' c r ' ( rtVeiidRes e2,ECF No.46. fces û t ae.' Fis rfe di pons ) M a d si tt sn fcso wh c aj r c ul fn ta hse rieo h srg tt a c s k e s sae o a t n ih u y o d id h t i xecs f i ih o c e s t c t wasas t nta f c orm o i tng t ofi e st pe f r t srp s a c a r quie he ours ubsa il a t tva i he fc r o r o m he ti e r h, s e r d t pr a j 1 r t i in cai W a r 1 F.d a 90- . Rahe,t rcor e t ls s o ove 983 ealato l m. gne, 3 3 t 91 t r he e d sabihe t tt spr e te,c ha hi oc dtr onduc e on a li a e a Ke n M ount i t tda wa smpl a se i t td l nm t s t e an ha y, s i y t p n he s ke ha down pr s ,al ng ofi r t e ur t ta i e di notha a zi gt or ohe oce s lowi fce s o ns e ha n nmat d ve p m t r we pon on hi body t us a ns t ofi e swhiet y conduc e t cels a c a s o e gai t he fc r l he t d he l e r h. Fo sm ia r a ons M a s isi r i l r e s , kde s' ndepe ntc tt i nde onsiutonalc le ha lngest t srp s r h o he ti ea c unde t Fourh a Ei ht Am e r he t nd g h ndme salo f i. TheFourh Am e m e ba sg n e a nt s a l t nd nt r over m nt l age s fom c nt r onduc i s a c tng e r hes t t a e unr as na e u r t cic sa s gi n t ha r e o bl nde he r um t nce , ve he balnc bewee t t d f t pariulrs ar h agans t i son ofpe s lrght t t a e t n he t nee or he tc a e c i t he nva i r ona i s ha t s rh e ais' Belv.W ol h,441U. 520,559 ( )(ee tng Fourh Ame he eac nt l. l ' fs S. 1979 rj ci t ndme nt c le t dee i f c lt pr dur r quii viualbody c t s a c ofde a ne a r hal nge o tnton a iiy oce e e rng s aviy e r h t i e he 11 c ac viis. Thi r s bl s i r c i r lhe s peoft pa tc a i nzi t ont t st) s ea ona ene s nquiy onsdes t co t he riulr nt son,he ma n ri whc i i c n u td t ej siiain fri tai i,a t p a e i whc i i n e n ih t s o d ce , h u tfc to o ni t t nd he lc n ih t s i ng conduc e ' 1 M a s ihasnotsaed f c son whih ar as bl f tfnde c d deer ne t d.' d. kde s tt a t c e ona e ac i r oul t mi t tt srp s r h heand alot rKe n M ount n i t sund we on Nove r29,201 ha he ti ea c 1 he e ai nma e er nt mbe 2, wasunr as e onabl i sve orot r s unr as y nva i he wie e onabl unde t Fourh Ame e r he t ndme ,i lg of nt n i ht t zi g i or ai n o whi h t ofi r we e a tng. M or ove ,be a e he f ist sae he p un nf m to n c he fce s r c i e r c us al o tt fcso whihhec ul s o a y sro sph sc l re to a ij r h s fee fo t srp at n c o d h w n e iu y ia o mo in l nu y e u fr d r m he ti s r h,he f ist sae a c am t tt spr ce e vi atd t Ei ht Ame m e pr hi ton ea c a l o t t ny l i ha hi o dur ol e he g h nd nt o bii agans c u a unus lprs co to . Se Stikl rv.W a e s 989 F. 1 i t r el nd ua ion ndii ns e rc e tr, 2d 375,1 81 380- (t Ci.1 9 ) Fo t e sae r a o ,t d fn a t ae e tte t s mmayj d me ta a 4 h r 9 3 . r h ttd e s ns he e e d n s r n ild o u r u g n s m a t rofl w on M a s is c ai sc te a kde s ' l m once i t s rp s a c m ng he t i e r h. G . D e ay of m edi alc e af e t s l c ar t r he hakedow n M akde s a lgest tt def nt on t s e a t s kedown s d ha pr ur s i le ha he enda s he c ne t he ha houl ve oc ed m e c lca e f hi s de . Thit m i esl e ,he alege y as d Ke M ount i ofi r di a r or s houl r ry nut atr l dl ke en an fce s f rme c a tnton,butwast d t ts f t ca frt a o di al te i ol ha a e y me is.M kdes ifld ar ques f c r a a s ie e t or a e, nd nur e e mi d hi t ne da W ihi t wee he s w adocora r c ve team e f r s xn ne m he xt y. t n he k, a t nd e ei d r t nt o pan. i To pr a Ei ht Ame m e vi a i r lt d t m e ca c r M a s im us s w ove n g h nd nt olton ea e o di l a e, kde s t ho t t pe s ha r onnel t whos c r he wa co mit e bie t lbe a e i fe e e' t hi o e ae s m ted xhi t d t i r t ndif r nc ' o s de S eiusme ia n e s'Esel v.Gn e 4 U. 9 ,1 4 1 6 ( 9 6 . A sro sme ia ç ro s d c l e d . tle ' mbl, 29 S. 7 0 - 0 1 7 ) e iu dc l ne l s one t thas be n di nos by a phys ca a m a tng te t ntor one t ti s ed ç i ha e ag ed i in s nda i r a me ha s o obvi t te n a l y pe s w oul ea iy r ogni t ne s iy f a doct ' a t nto ' I ous ha ve a r on d s l ec ze he ce st or or s te i n. ko ' v.Shrve 535F. 225,241(t Ci. )(nt lquotton maksomitd) An ofke a t e , 3d 4h r2008 i ema ai r te . t r cs 12 wih Cd i r t i fe e e' i he ç t çelbe ae ndif r nc ' f ' knowsofa dir ga dsa e s i rs t i t he lh nd se r n xce sve ik o nma e a t ors f t ' Fn me ,511U. a 837. An ofi i ' i e i na a toromi son t tme ey delys a e y.' r r S. t fcals nt nto l c s i ha r l a a i a e s a e s t ne es a y media ca e sa e a co tt i lcl m o y i t pli tf n nm t ' cc s o c s r c l r tts nsiutona ai nl f he a n if s w s t t t def nda ' c ho ha he e nts onduc r ule i s t tal hn m t t pai nt W e v. t es t d n ubsan i r o he te . bb Hami lh,281F. x 1 1 ( h Ci. dula App' 59, 66 4t r 2008)(ii ot rca e ) ctng he s s . Att m os,M a s' cai i t tt de e nt de a d f one da hi r c ptof he t kdes is l m s ha he f nda s l ye or y s e ei mediala tnton f hi s ul rpan. Ye ,ot rt n hi ve balco pl nt ofpa n,he does c te i or s ho de i t he ha s r m ai s i notf r c ta evi ncef o whih t def nda s who a e notm e cal tane woul ha o e as ny de rm c he e nt , r di ly r i d, d ve known t thi c ton a trt s ke ha s ondii fe he ha down wara e i e ae medialca e. M akde s a s r nt d mm dit c r s i lo a ist the had ot m e ns t s e m e ca c r t t da he c d a di s e m e ca dm t ha her a o e k di l a e ha y; oul nd d e k di l team e by flng pa r r t be a e s d by t nur e who f md no m e c lne t mee r t nt ii pe wo k o ddr s e he s , ot di a ed o t wih hi t i t f l ng day. Fi ng no m ae i ldiput d f to whih M a t m mtl he olowi ndi t ra s e ac n c kdes ic d s oul s how t tt def nt ace wih delbe a e i fe e e t hi s rous medi lnee ,t ha he enda s td t i r t ndif r nc o s e i ca ds he c u t l ga ts mmayj dg n f rt d fnd n so ti cam. o r wil r n u r u me t o he ee a t n h s li H . H ar h c s ondi i r l t t t al tons e a ed o ri M a s con e kdes i t nds t t t r t la i and dei r t i fe e e t c tons t t ha he e a iton lbe a e ndif r nc o ondii ha c us d hi pai co i a e m n ntnued whe hi prorlws t M a n s i a ui, kdes iv.Fil ,wentt til On t fr t s e ds o ra . he is d y M ac 1 2 3,o t r alg dy r u e M a d s i u ta trmin g ta d t o hm t a , rh 2, 01 fkes l e l o s d k e s j s fe d ih n o k i o e Owe ' ofi e whe e he was f c t st on a me a be h f r s ven hour , un i t ns fc , r or ed o i t l nc o e s tl he ta po tton ofi er a ve t t ke hi t c t M a s a lge y t d Owe t the ha r ns ra i fc s ni d o a m o our. kdes i le dl ol ns ha d unde go bac s ge y a sti s l wa ca i pai i hi ba k a ma ng hi lgsgo r ne k ur r nd itng o ong s usng n n s c nd ki se numb.Owe al edys i 'W ec nca e yo lws ti yo wa . ( nd.Co .5. ns leg l ad,' a nc l m a ui f u nt' Ame ' mpl ) 13 Owe ofe se de i c tng t tM akde s lkey waied f o y t e hour be or ns f r vi nce ndia i ha si i l t or nl hr e s f e be ng ta pore t c t1 w he he M a s ' wai i Owe 'ofi e was t e hotr o i r ns td o our. 1 t r kdes is t n ns fc hr e ls r s ve ho ver i i t s ed t ts h awa ti sa r prs pr dm e. Any i ae beng e n, we , t s mdiput ha uc i s t nda d ion oce nm t i ta pore a y fo t prs i br r ns td wa r m he ion s oughtt t wach c ma r sofi e a t tm eofea l o he t om nde ' fc t he i ry mor ng c mtand wat t euntlhi ta pora i a rves ni ot is her i s r ns tton ri .Durng t wattm e he may ea i he i i , t br a a ta us t bahr e kf s nd e he t oom. Bec us t r or esabls t tM akde s ' watwa sm pl a e he ec d t ihes ha s is i s i y pa tof sa r ta pora i pr e e,r t t n pt ihm e f hi brngng a lws t r tnda d r ns tton oc dur aher ha m s nt or s i i a ui, M a s cn kdes i nnote tbls a r t la i cli her M or ove ,t r or cl ry e tbls st t sa ih e a iton am e. e r he ec d ea l sa ihe ha t dic or a i he s omf t nd nconve e oft prs sta pora i pr dur ,howe r hrs a e nince he ion' r ns tton oce es ve h, r meey at a to t pe at 't a M a es a aci n lo fnd rç s p y f r( i)o fn e r l û r f he n ly'h t kd si s rmia fe e G t a o h s fe s s p mu a an t o it ' Rho e , 5 U. a 3 7 Th r f r ,h c u t l ga tsl r j dg n o g is s cey. ' d s 4 2 S. t 4 . e eo e te o r wil r n l mmay u me t n t scli . hi am M a s a s c pli t t dtrng hi s co da i co t t e c tng ofi e s kdes i lo om a ns ha li s e nd y n ur, he s ori tc r sr ppe t s c iy wa s bett hi s t ti ca e hi pan,inor d hi co pl nt , a ta d he e urt it l o m o ha t us d m i g e s m ai s l ughe d a t e e d t s k hi , a r f e t r m ove t de ce U s of a s t bel unde a nd hr at ne o hoc m nd e us d o e he vi . e tm t r n i a e' cl hi as a s urt m e ur w hie he i i t courr nm t s ot ng ec iy as e l s n he toom i anot r s a r pr s s he t nda d i on pr ed e,a t c t sobs r e m a tm es oc m s he our ha e v d ny i .Eve a s ng t tt de cemadeM a s n s umi ha he vi kdes i unc f ra e a f aruli t c too a t bl t c om o tbl nd e f n he ourr m nd ma e o once r e,a he a lges he f l t ntat s le , ais o i ntf a e de eora g l e t thea hi a t neyswe eno a et pr enti hi c s as de iy ny vi nc r tm nt ha nd s tor r t bl o es n s a e a r ul oft sun betus . M a s smpl does s es t he t l e kdes i i y how t tus oft de c on M a c 1 ha e he vi e r h 3, 201 was i e 2, nt nded t pt s hi f brngi t lw s t o t t i ha a c tt i l o mih m or i ng he a ui r ha t d ny onsiutonaly sgnii a ,a r e i pa ton hi ltga i e f t. Furher e,M a i tc nt dve s m c s ii ton fors t mor kdes idoe no s s s t how t t ha 1 Re ds fo M a c 1 , 201 , i c t t ea l m or ng c 1 cor r m rh 2 3 ndia e hat ry ni ount ce ed at 3: mm . a t lar 25 nd he ta poraton tam l d ou a 6: a. t da ns t i e ogge t t 26 m.hat y. 14 a oft de e nt pl yed a r e i a yi t de c t hi on M a c 1 201 The ny he f nda s a ny ol n ppl ng he vi e o m r h 3, 2. c u twi g a ts mmayj dg n frted fn a t a t a y cam rg r ig te u e o t e o r l r n u r u me t o h e e d n s s o n li e a dn h s f h l sun bel. t t 1. Threat sexualass ts and s s, aul , egregat on i Afe t s down, Def nda s Sy s a Philps al ge y t d M akde s t t i tr he hake e nt ke nd li le dl ol s i ha f s c iy ne dsr q r i,Ke n M ount i of r c d c fhi be nd hi ba k lket srke e m t e e uied t e an fce s oul uf m hi s c i he ti f r eo fc r dd, v n i i rij rd h ss o d r Ph lpsas alg dy s i ta h c ul d o c fie s i e e f t en u e i h ule . il lo le e l ad h t e o d o i wha t srke f c ofi r had donea ç hi fngesup g a s'lrctm. ( nd. t he ti or e tces nd s s i r put M kdesis e tz ' Ame ' Co l 3) M a d sialg st twh n h sa td fln a mi srtv rme y f r a o tte mp . . k e s le e ha e e tre iig d nitaie e d o ms b u h s kedo a t c ha wn nd he omm e sSykesa Philpsha m a Syke a Cl y wa ne hi t ti nt nd li d de, s nd ar r d m ha f he s d Ke n M ount n ofk e s he woul bepl e i s r to ue e ai t r , d ac d n eg egai n.N e rhees ,i Fe ' t ve t l s n bt ' ua y 201 M a s ibr 3, kde s oughtt sa ton,na i Syke and ot r a d e nt . The on Aprl1 hi c i m ng s he s s ef nda s n, i 5, 201 M a s i m a a a lga i t t Philps ha s xual as a t d hi . Ofi a s 3, kde s de n le ton ha li d e ly s ule m fcil i medit l plc M a s i s gr to f t n da wihou a dicplna y c r . He m a ey a ed kdes i n e egai n or e ys t t ny s i i r ha ge alege t ts e ton ofker ( pa te t t sca e c fd hi ha t t bac sverl l s ha egrgai t s not ris o hi s ) ufe s nds o he k e a tme , a sn f rh rp i a ij r t h ss o le lf s o d ra dij rn h srg ts o le i s c u ig u te an nd nu y o i h ud r e t h ule n n u ig i ih h ud r aswe l M a s a r nty c am st tSyke a Philpst e t d hi a pl c d hi i l. kdes i ppa e l l i ha s nd li hr aene m nd a e m n s gr to i r t lai f hi s xua a s ul co pl n a hi lws t. e egai n n e a iton or s e l s a t m ait nd s a uis Thede e nt 'undiput e de e i c t ,howe r t twhe ve a i t brngs f nda s s ed vi nc ndi aes ve , ha ne r n nma e i a cai t thehasbee s xualy as a td,s clrt pr t olr quiess t hi t ti t fom l m ha n e l s ule e ziy o oc e r wic ng ha nma e r hi pr eci c t s ot tve usody as i nm e t a t mpo a y s gr to as i e , pe ng t sg nt o e r r e egai n sgnm nt ndi he i s i ton of t s xua a s ul c pl i . Sy s s a es t t a t r ofi a s i tga e nve tga i he e l s a t om a nt ke t t ha f e tci l nvesi t d Ma kdes is c s' ompli s a de m e t m u ounde r nki ofk il s t he M a s ba k ant nd e d he nf d, n ng t a s wic d kdes i c 15 t hi pr e tve c t as i o s ot c i usody sgnmenton Aprl25,201 Asa c r c i ofi e ,Philpsha no i 3. ore tons fc r li d a ho iy t c ng an i a e' as i nm e t s eg ton s a us ut r t o ha e nm t s s g nt o egr a i t t . The co tfnds no m ae ildiput f c o whi h M akde s c d pr t s a s re ur i tra s ed a t n c s i oul ove hi s e td c am ofr t lai n. The ofi e s ve ba t e t a onedi notvi aeM a s isrght. He l e li e ai to fc r ' r l hr a s l d ol t kde s ' i s nse v. wi,1 3 F d Ap x 1 9 1 9 (t Ci. 0 5 (i n Coln v. md ,6 3F.d 8 ,8 Le s 5 e . p' 7 , 7 4h r 2 0 ) ct g lis Ct y 0 2 25 27 i ( 0h Ci.1 7 )(i ig g r salg dv r a a us sae n c nsi to a cam) M o e v r 1 t r 9 9 fndn uad l e e b l b e tts o o tt in l li . r o e, e u s gr a i M a s it mpor rl dtrng t i si ton ofhi s xua as a ta lga i wa a e eg tng kde s e a iy li he nve tga i s e l s ul le tons s sa r prs s urt pr ca ton.1 He si y f ist sae f c son whi he c d s t nda d ion ec iy e u i 2 mpl a l o t t a t ch oul how t t ha Syke ,Clr orPhilpsc us d hi a sgnmen t s gr ga i i o de t pt s hi i a wa s a y, li a e s s i t o e e ton n r r o mih m n ny y f ma ng t s xua as a t c or ki he e l s ul ompli o f brngi l ws t ag ns t m orot rprs ant r or i ng a uis ai t he he ion o fcas1 Th c u twilg a ts mma yj d me tf rt d fnd n so h scamsrg r i fiil.3 e o r l r n u r u g n o he ee a t n i li e adng ve bal hr t a ms i nm e t s r ga i on A prl 1 201 r t ea s nd s g nt o eg e ton i 5, 3. 1 To t e e t tt tM a s i at i t ale vi atonsoft Prs n Ra Elmi ton Ac, 42 2 h x en ha kdes i s temptng o lge ol i he io pe i nai t U. C. j1 6 1 1 6 9($ S. j 5 0 - 5 0 ç PREA' , sheme t nsi o eo hsr so s sheh s n a to a l cam.' tigi 'a ) ni n n f i ep n e , a o cin be li ' hn n o No t PREA s he uggesst tCo es i e t ha ngr s ntnded t c e t a p i t rg ofaci f i ae t s p ion ofki sf o r a e rvae iht ton or nm ts o uc rs f al or n n o la c wihteAc. Delnav Clr , 7 1 CV0 48 , 01 W' 4 5 6 8 a * ( . Va S p.1 , o c mpin e t h t' 'o t . ake No. : 1 0 3 2 2 L 4 8 4 , t 3 W D. . e t 1 ' 2 1 )(olcigc s s, f', 48F. p' 9 (t Ci. 01 )(e c ra . 0 2 c l tn ae) Afd 5 Ap x 38 4h r2 3 p r u im) e 1 I o co hsrs o s st tesmmayj d me tmoin Ma d si le e ta S ke s me o od rd 3 n n f i ep n e o h u r u g n t , k es alg s h t y s o h w ree o ore za t s gai ofi er t c fM a s isha t t ba i o de t ha' hi s de .M a s ncolrged he epe ton tc s o uf kde s ' nds o he ck n r r o l s houl r kdes i m di notp es a s h cli a ns Syke i t a nde co ai ,howe . Mor over hi own s d r ent ny uc am gai t s n he me d mpl nt ver e , s ubmisons si do nots uppor a cl m t tSyktsa t d wih delbert i fet e i t sr r M a s s t a c y ofa t ai ha c e t i ae ndif rnc n hi egad. kdesi ubmis op r ques f r hes t Sykeson Aprl1 201 a e t om ent o i 7, 3, boutot rofke sc fng hi be nd hi bac whiehe wasi he t r ufi m hi s k l n sg e ain.( rtVeiidRepo eEx 1 ECFNo 4 1) Heak dS k st fn o titeme ia u iha a e rg to Fis rfe s ns . , . 6-. s e y e o id u fh dc l nt d n or ronfl r rng fontcufi ordoubl c fng f rM akde s. Sykesrpledt ta ofAprl1 201 nos h de ie equii r fng e ufi o si e i ha s i 9, 3, uc or wason fl He a s d t tat ughhe hi el ha c e i t pas t fontc fordoubl cuf M a s der ie. dvie ha lho ms f d hos n n he t o r uf t f kdes i i lghtofhi s de c ni s houl r ompli s i t abs nc ofa or rr quii t sa ommodai ot rofk eswo d ant, n he e e n de e rng hi cc ton, he t r ul c f hi ç c o dn t p oo o a (d) Co tayt Ma d sisc aatrz to S e 'rs n ed e no s p o t uf m i c r ig o r tc l'L= nzr o k e s' h rceiains yk s epo s o s t u p r a ' ' a fndi t the ha a hort t or rs e i ofi er t c fM a ss i a pa tcul way ort thedi ny i ng ha d ut iy o de egrgaton tc s o uf kde i n ny ri ar ha d S0. M a s ialo alege i v i s i sons t t be we N ovember 201 a Aprl 1 201 Philps kde s s l s n arous ubm s i ha t en 2 nd i 5, 3, li s xualy asauledhi du i pa downs r he ,s xual har s hi whiehew a usng t t lti hi cel a e l s t m rng t ea c s e ly ased m l s i he oie n s l, nd f s l ac us hi ofvi ai hi r i ousdits t ti wa s pe d. The amende c aley c ed m oltng s elgi e o ha t s us nde d ompli di notsae ant d tt a s pa ae camsag ns Philpsbued on t sale d c ny e r t li ai t li hi lge ondac,h ver a t c twilnotal M a s t owe , nd he our l low kdes i t a d te t te lws i a ti lt d t. Mo e v r s c camsaen tp o el j n dt t camsi ti o d h m o h a ut t hs ae ae ro e, u h li r o r p ry oie o he li n hs a to .S eFe R. v. 1 & 2 (e adigj n e of li a dd fn a t) cin e d. Ci P. 8 0 rg r n oid r cams n ee d ns. 16 111. Concl on usi For t r as sa e t c tc l he e ons tt d, he our onc udes t tt de e nt' m o i f sl r ha he f nda s ton or lmma y j d me t mu tb d n e a t M a d s is cams o rtlain a d d lb rt id fee c u g n s e e id s o k e s' li f eaito n eieae n ifrn e a i tPope,Aye s J hns a Ke l f c fnghi be nd hi ba k on Nove be 29,201 gans r , o on, nd ly or ufi m hi s c m r 2; b t c ttndst tt m oton mus be g a ed ast a 1o he cli s An a oprae or r ut he our s ha he i t r nt o l t r am . ppr i t de wilis t sda l s ue hi y. The Clr i die t d t s nd co es of t s m e a um opi on a a ompa ng ek s rce o e pi hi mor nd ni nd cc nyi or rt pl i if de o a ntf . ENTER :Ths C N d yo Se tmbe, 01 i a f pe r2 4. Chi fUnie St t DititJ e t d aes src udge 17

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