Collins v. Whitt et al, No. 7:2013cv00020 - Document 11 (W.D. Va. 2013)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge James C. Turk on 03/01/2013. (kab)

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9 7 . r FRKS OFFI U, DI COURT d CE S. SX AT ROANOKE, VA FI LEO MA2 g 12 1 23 I T H E UN I N TED STA TES DI STR I CO U R T CT FO R TH E W ESTERN DI STRI OF VI NI CT RGI A R OA N O K E D I SI VI ON BO B BY N ELSO N CO LL I S, , N JR. J AC ULI BY; DE ' Y, CLERK CLERK C A SE N O .7: 3CV 00020 1 Pl ntf , ai i f V. M E M O M N D U M O PI I N N O THOM AS W HI c AL. TT, , By: Jam esC .Tur k Seni U nied St es D i ri Judge or t at st ct De e f ndants. t) Bobby Nelon Coli , r,aVigi ai aepr e ng pr K ,fl d t sci lrgh s s lns J . r ni nm t oc edi o ie hi vi i t a to pls a tt 4 U.. j1 8 , le i t a j i o fcasv r al h rse hi d p i e cin t u n o 2 SC. 9 3 algng h t al fiil eb l a a s d m, e rv d r y hi ofhi rghtt pur uet g ivanc pr dur andr t it d agans hi f purui a m s i o s he re e oce e, eala e i t m or s ng gre nce Upo r vi oft r co d, heco tfndst tt a ton mus be s i va . n e ew he e r t ur i ha he c i t umm a iy rl di r s ed. s ni s I Coli aleg t f l ng s que ofe nt pe tne t hi cl i s Coli sa es lns l es he olowi e nce ve s r i nt o s a m . lns t t t the i apr tildeai f cng c r esofuna horze us ofave c ea wih nor or of ha s e ra t nee a i ha g ut i d e hil nd t ec d vi e ors i c i i lofe e . He i c i a t So hwe t m Vigi aRe ona J i i olnt erous rm na f ns s s onfned t he ut se r ni gi l a l n Dufi d. fel WhieCo l swa i teM o to r Comt J i (ç ji' o No e e 1 , 01 , l li s n h ng mey t y al lhe al) n v mb r 4 2 2 n t ' be or acour a f e t ppea a e, s w De y Abdelzi m iha i hi lga ma e i l a a ke r nc he a put a z s ndlng s e l t ras nd s d t de yt r t n t m . Thede t r f s d a plce t l ga ma e i l whe eColi he put o e ur he pu y e u e nd a d he e l t ras r lns coul nots e t m . W he Coli a t m pt d t s i a g i va e a uthi l alm a e i l , d e he n lns te e o ubm t r e nc bo s eg t ras D e y Abdel i g a d t f r f om Coli 'ha a t d hi ,ç ou a e no otri a e put az z r bbe he o m r lns nd nd ol m ç Y r t l nm t and ha no r gh st t s ' Coli f l phys c ly i i i t d a f a ed f t s f t ofhi ve i t o hi . ' lns e t i a l ntm da e nd e r or he a e y s l ldocume s Heknocke on t c r r m door ho ng t notf t leutnantof ega nt . d he ontol oo , pi o iy he i e Abde a i sa e sveaci ns Abde a i c r d a Coli ,t li hi nott knoc on door . l z z' ggr s i to . l z z ha ge t lns elng m o k s Coli wr ea g iva l t a lns ot re nce eter boutt Nove be 1 201 e nt t Ca an Ki Ha who he m r 4, 2 ve s o pt i m ug, f u dAb ea i ' alg da to st b a c r igt ji p lc a dr ldColn 'giv n et o n d lzzs le e cin o e c o dn o al o iy n ue lis re a c o be E ty,t ot d a quiefa y a wa t ofe r one' tm e' s t mf mde nd t r nkl pe se ve y s i .' Beo ea o h rc ur a p aa c i e ryDe e e 2 2, l wa tk nt tej i f r f r n t e o t p e rn e n a l c mb r 01 Colns s a e o h al o i t da W hiehewasi t boo ng r ,Sgt St ve t d Coli t thewoul bet ke t he y. l n he ki oom . e ns ol lns ha d a n o t s a i ...o de spe Lt Sm ih.' % e Coli a ve atçs ci pur e c l bl ce l i ol ton i r r r . t ' n lns ni d spe al pos e l ock l #20 'Lt Sm ih r m ove am a fom t bed a t k t t ltpa rawa a l Coli i 4,5 . t e d t r he nd oo he oie pe y nd eR lns n t cel Sm ih lt rr tlned wih af l r loft l tpa rf Coli . Sm ih m e to dt t he l. t a e etr t ' l ol oie pe or lns u t n i ne ha Coli c d a a t t s rf a lns oul ppe l o he he if boutCa an Ha sr pons t li gre nc fom pt i ug' es e o ls iva e r Novembe a utt l alma e i l. r bo he eg t ras W he St ve br htColi hi mea tay,Coli as i heco d ha hi Bi e, n e ns oug lns s lr lns ked f ul ve s bl whi h heha lf do t is St ve s i htwoul c c wih Sm ih. Abouta ho lt , c d e t wns ar . e ns ad d he k t t n m aer Sm ih a St venscn et Coli 'c l,or r d hi t plc hi ha a i tt wa l ç t t nd e m o lns e l de e m o a e s nds ga ns he l, t pa sarhldl'hi a pl e hi i ha ufs waitc n,a s c e .Acc di t Coli , e c e ' m, nd ac d m n ndc f, s hai nd ha kls or ng o lns a i a i ofs h r tai snor l oc ur i t boo ng r .Coli be ameve y f a f l pplc ton uc esr nt maly c s n he ki oom lns c r e ru, rme ei a o c so i 20 5wh no fc r a tej i b a h m whl h wm rsri d e mb rng n c a in n 0 e fies t h al e t i ie e s etane . Sm ih a St ve t e c t d Coli t c t I t c t e hol ng ce l Coli m e a t nd e ns hen s or e lns o our . n he ourhous di ls lns t n imaefo t eNe Rie ValyRe ina J i, oh dbe nb o g t oteMo to r j i n t rm h w v r l e go l alwh a e r u h t h ng mey al f t da be or a c ta a a ea washous d i gene a po a i r t rt n iol ton. or he y f e our ppe r nc nd e n r l pulton, ahe ha s ai Coli brngst sj1 a tonag ns t Mont meyCot y She if Thoma W it lns i hi 983 ci ai t he go r mt rf, s t, a de i sHa Abdeazz,St ve ,a Smih,s e ng co pe a o y dn nd pute ug, l i e ns nd t e ki m ns t r mage . Coli s lns cai st t de e l m hat he f ndant vi ae hi co tt i lrg sby de nghi t rghtt fl a s ol td s nsiutona iht nyi m he i o ie gre nce, r ly i i i tng hi a t hefld agre nc pl i hi i iol ton a i va ve bal ntm da i m fer ie i va e, acng m n s ai nd r sr i si r t lai n f hi flng ofagreva e,a te i hi dif r nty t o he co t e tant n e ai to or s ii i nc nd r atng m fe e l han t r ur appearance i at nm es. 11 Thec ti r uie t dimi sa aci orcli tld by aprs our s eq r d o s s ny ton a m ie ionera i ta ga ns gove n e a e iy o ofk eri t c tde e mi st aci n orcai i fi ous m ai i , r m nt l ntt r t f he our t r ne he to l m s rvol , lcous o fist saeacam o whc r le ma b g a td 8U.. j1 5 b)1 .Th c u t r al o tt li n ih eif y e r ne .2 SC. 91 A( () e o r co t e o s co pl nt lbe a l i nsnz srr e m ai s i r ly, mposng Ges srnge sanda dst n f ma pladi i û s ti nt t r ha or l e ngs l d a tdb lwy r. Erc s nv Pad , 5 U. 8 , 4 ( 0 7 (nena q o ainmmksa d r fe y a es' ik o . r us 5 1 S. 9 9 2 0 ) i tr l u tto ' n ctto o te ) Ne e t ls,ç c mp an mu tc nans fi in f cu l te, c e tda iain mitd . v rhee s ç o lit s o ti u fce t a ta matr a c pe s a tue t Et t a ca m ofr i t ti plusbl on isf ce ''As r t l ,556 U. 662,678 r , o sa e li elef ha s a i e t a .' hc of v. qbal S. ( 2009) . Tosaeac us ofa tont rj1 aplitf mus etbls t theha be n tt a e ci mde 983, anif t sa ih ha s e de i d ofrg sg r nt e by t Consiuto orlwsoft Unie St t sandt tt s prve i ht ua a e d he tt i n a he td a e ha hi de i ton r ule f om c prva i es t d r onduc co m i t d by a pe s a tng t de c orofs a e l w . W e t t m te r on c i m r ol tt a s v. kns 4 7U.. 2( 9 8 .Th d crn o r s n e t u ro c n o b iv k di j 9 3 Ati , 8 S 4 1 8 ) e o tie f epo d a spe ir n n t e n o e n 1 8 ca e .The ef e t sa e aplusbl cli a i tt s rf,Coli mus s ss r or , o tt a i e am gans he he if lns t how t tt s rf ha he he if ac e pe s ly t de i hi ofhi c tt i lr g s Se V i dge v. i ,550 F. t d r ona l o pr ve m s ons iutona i ht . e nne G bbs 2d 9 , 28(t Ci.9 )(i igta çiblt wil ny1ewh r ii a fr t eys o ta 26 9 4 h r1 77 fndn h t ça ii l o l i ee t s fimai l h wn h t l y v t o fca c ag d a tdp ro al i t ed p i to o t ep an if'ih sge a s th he fiil h r e ce e s n ly n h e rvain f h litfsrg t b c u e l e docrneofrs ti eponde ts rorhasnoa iai 'unde j 1 (ntr lcttonsomitd) a upei pplc ton' r 983) i ena iai te . Be us Coli 'al tonsma no s h s ca e lns lega i ke uc howi hi c am sagans t s rf m us be ng, s l i i t he he if t s ummmiydimis dunde j1 5A( ( )f fitr t saeacam . l s se r 91 b)1 or alte o tt li I aesdo notha a c tt i l pr e t rghtt agre nc pr dur .1 Adn s nm t ve onsiutonaly ot ced i o iva e oce e m v. c , 0F.d7 , 5( t Ci.1 9 ) Co e u nl , d lzzsrf s l op o ieCo l Rie 4 3 2 7 4h r 9 4 . ns q e ty Ab ea i ' e u a t r vd li ns W ih agre nc f r a Ha sdia n i as esm e ofColi 'g i va do notsa e t iva e o mz nd ug' s ppoi tng s s nt lns re nce tt a c tt i ly sgnii n cam a aenota tona eunde j1 ny onsiutonal i tca t li nd r ci bl r 983.Coli 'cli lns ams c n enngtegiv nc p o e u ewi b d s se a c r i gyu d rj 1 1 A( )1. o c r i h re a e r c d r l e imisd c o d n l n e 9 5 b ( ) l Coli 'c am sofver lha a s e a i i da i alo f i t sa ea co tt i l lns l i ba r s m nt nd ntmi ton s al o t t ny nsiutona cam.Se He lev. wi,1 3Fe Ap x 1 9 1 9( t Ci. 0 5 ( eb la u eb g ad , li e nse Le s 5 d. p' 7 , 7 4h r 2 0 ) v r a b s y u r s wihoutmor,sae noc tt i cam)(ii Coli v.Cund 603F. 8 8 ( 0t t e tts onsiutonal li ctng lns y, 2d 25, 27 1 h Ci.1 r 979:.Theco tt i doesnotG oec agans a1i nzi o one' pea eofmi ' nsiuton E t t i t 1 nt sons n pr s c nd.' Pitlyv. mih, 2 F.d3 7( s Ci. 9 ) A g r sv r a haa s n o il t rast tse W s 9 7 2 , 1t r 1 91 . uad' eb l r sme t r de h e t o a i ae, ve i t y ca ehi f a ore o i n ey, notc tt ean i i ofa n nm t e n f he us m e r m tonal nxi t do onsiut nvason ny i ntfe lbe t i ers.I ; de iid i ry nt e t d.Emmo v. c ns M Lauchln,87 F. 351 354( h Ci.1 i 4 2d , 6t r 989) (e b lhrasc u igf a f r anifslf n t nifig me to ac nsiu in l ih ) v r a t e t a sn e r o pli tf' ie o a n rn e n f o ttto a rg t. Unde t spr ce nt Coli 'cli sa r hi e de , lns am boutt ofi r 'sae e smus bes ma iy he fce s tt m nt t um rl d s s e t e j1 5 b ( )f rfiu et saeacam. imis d md r 91 A( )1 o al r o tt li 1 Coli s est he wasapr ti det neeatt tme oft aleged vi atons. Cl ms lns ut hat eral ai he i he l ol i ai c er ng confne entcondii i onc ni i m tons mpos upon pr ti lde ai a et beeval ed unde t Due ed e ra t nees r o uat r he Pr esClus, c posrb sp sme tofad tie b fr po raj diainofg lha ben oc s a e whih r cie unih n ean e eoe rpe du cto uit s e a c ihe Bel W ofs 44lU. 5 53 5 ( 9 ) Asapr cia matr h we r te c ompls d. lv. lih, S. 20, 5-38 1 79 . a tc l te, o ve ,h cont soft DuePr sCl e i t pr s cont t t becoext i wih t s t i our he oces aus n he i on ext end o ensve t he ubsantve consiutonalprnci esa i t convi ed i es. See.e. ,H ilv.N i tt i i pl ppled o ct nmat a. l codemus,979 F. 987,991 92 2d - (t Ci.1 2) 4 h r 99 . M oro r a alofkil te td Coli 'lte a agre nc a alwe hi a a pe l o e ve , sj i t as r ae l etr s iva e nd lo d m n p a t ns t s rf,hi alega i f lt s t he s f e a adver eefec wha s ve f om Abdel z' he he if s l tons ai o how hat ufer d ny s f t t oe r r azi s rfslt gv hi aj igiva c fnno No mb r1 201 eua o ie m al re n t o n ve e 4, 2. Tos c edonaj1 cam t tprs n ofii srtlae agans hi ani t mus uc e 983 li ha io fcal eaitd i t m, nmae t al f c ss lege a t howi t thi exe cie ofac tt i na rg wasa s t nta f ct motvai ng ha s r s onsiuto l i ht ubsa i l a or i tng t r t laor acim. SeeAda s 40 F. a 7 Thei aem us pr s ntmor t n c l or he e ai t y tc m , 3d t 5. nm t t ee e ha onc us y a lga i ofr t la i n by al gi f c ss wi t thi exe c s ofac tt i lrg was le tons e aito le ng a t ho ng ha s r ie onsiutona i ht as t nta f c o m o i tngt r t la o y a ton. See e. ,Amerc n Ci lLi ri Uni ubsa il a t r tvai he e a it r ci . :. ia vi be tes on v.W i mi Count 999F. 780,785(t Ci.1 3)(ii M tHe t Ciy Sc Diti co co y, 2d 4h r 99 ctng . alhy t hool srct Bo r o Ed ainv. yl, 2 U. 27 28 ( 9 7 (e uii p an ift s o E c u a ad f uc to Do e 4 9 S. 4, 7 1 7 ) r q rng litf o h w t a s l a rlto hpbewe nt p o e tde p e so a dt ertlao ya to '; a n rv. he lr eains i t e he r tce x r sin n h eaitr ci n) W g e W ee , 1 F.d 8 90- ( hCi.1 (a ) M eeEe a pr miy'bewee t i t' 3 3 6, 91 4t r 993) s me. r s mpor l oxi t ' t n he nmaes t pr t t a tviy a t ofk i lsa l edl r t laor a ton lssmpl t se rar e on o eced c i t nd he t a ' leg y e ai t y c i ç i y oo lnde e d i whiht r t' j1 r t itoncli W ag r 1 F. a 91. c o es'a 983 ealai am. ne , 3 3d t Coli al ge t tofier plc hi i iolton,t hi bedm a a t ltpa r a lns le s ha fc s a ed m n s a i ook s t nd oie pe , nd pl e hi i r tai s a li rt iton f hi us oft g iva epr dlr Thi a t ed ac d m n esr nt, l n eala i or s e he re nc oce ze. s tempt c am f l unde bo h pa t oft c tm to lsa r Fis,snc Coli ha no l i ais r t rs he onsi i na tnda d. rt i e lns d c n tt to a rg t ot j i' g iva c p o e u e h sus of h p o e u eddn tc n ttt o siui n l ih t he als re n e r c d r , i e t e r c d r i o o si e u e r ieofa c tt i l pr e t d rght Sec xe cs onsiutonaly ot c e i . ond,o he t n t tm es que ofe nt , t r ha he i e nce ve s Coli f ist sae a f c ss lns al o t t ny a t uggesi t tt ofi e s c lnge a tonswe e,n a way, tng ha he tc r ' hale d c i r i ny motvaedbyhi g iva t.L- Thec tne dnota ce astueColi 'c l or ase ton i t s re nc da our e c pt r lns oncus y s ri t t c r r a a ca m gr o he onta y, nd li ounde i not ng m or t uns d n hi e han uppore as e tonsofr t lai n td s ri e ai to mu t es mmaiyds se u d rj1 5 b ( ) s b u rl imis d n e 91 A( )1 . Fi l Coli f l t alegef c ssai a e naly, lns ais o l a t t tng ny qualpr e i cai .Todo s Coli otcton l m o, lns mus aleg fcsde t l e a t monsrtngt t1 hewa i e inal te tddif e l fom ot s tai ha ) s ntnto ly rae fernty ' r her smial st t a 2)i ofii sa iddifr ntsa dsf tmporr c l a sgnme i i lry iuaed nd, f fcal pple fe e tndar or e ay el s i nt n 5 hi ca e t r wa nor tona ba i f t dif r nc i team e t Se Vil e ofW il r k s s , he e s ai l ss or he fe e e n r t n . e lag lowb oo v. e h 5 8U. 5 2, 6 ( 0 0 ; o sv Clr 8 6F.d68 , 9 - ( t Ci.1 8 ) Olc , 2 S. 6 5 4 2 0 ) M s . ak, 8 2 6 6 0 91 4 h r 9 9 (i ngprs rcai nge lpr e i vi ai mus s t thewa smial st e tndi ione l mi qua otcton olton t how ha s i lry iuatd a dt t me ua te t n wa n trto al r ltdt algt t g v r me tl upo e. n ha t q l rame t s o ai n l eae o e imae o e n na p r s ) y i Coli f ist a lgef t on whih he c d s lns a l o le ac s c oul how t tt ohe c ta ha he t r our ppea a e i t , r nc nma e hous d i t ge r lpopul ton f t da wassm ia l st t d t Coli i sg fc t e n he ne a ai or he y, i lry iua e o lns n i nii an w a ,s h asof e esc ge de a ne s a us f i r s and c i i hi t y. Si ia l ys uc f ns har d, t i e t t , lght i k, rm nal s or m l ry, Coli fist algef csdemonsrtngt t difrntteame her ei d( i housd lns al o le a t tai hathe fee r t nt ec ve beng e i ioltonwiho abedma a rsr ne t r )wa no rlt t algii t ad nitai n s ai t ut t nd e tai d he e s t eaed o e tmae mi sr tve ne dsorpolces s h asbed s epr e sora safi s ra i ge r lpopul i ora e i i , uc pac obl m t fng ho tge n ne a aton, polc r quii r movalofa 1ie fom ace lpr vi l us d by ano he i t orr m o lof iy e rng e 1 t ms r l e ousy e t r nma e e va bed ma sdtrng t da The c ti s tsi d t Coli a lga i do no sa ea pl usbl t ti he y. our s a ife hat lns' le tons t t t ny a i e e u l r tcincam .Th r f r , l s c camswil eds se u d rj1 5 b ( ) q a p o e to li e eo e al u h li lb imis d n e 91 A( )1. F rt ra o ssae ,h c u t imis sCo l ' e tr c mplitwi o tp eu ie o he e s n ttd te o r d s se li s nie o an t u rj d c , ns h p ru n t j1 5 b ( ) f rfit et saeacam.Th Clr i drce t s n c pe o u s a t o 91 A( )1, o alr o tt li t e ek s ie t d o e d o is f t sme or ndum o ni n a a compa ng or rt pl i if hi m a pi o nd c nyi de o antf. E R:T i j dyo Mac , 0 3 NTE hs 4X a f rh 2 1 . r g / ' ' . ze Se ' Unied St t Diti J t aes srct u

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