Allison v. Wallens Ridge State Prison, No. 7:2012cv00601 - Document 29 (W.D. Va. 2013)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge James C. Turk on 07/25/2013. (kab)

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e >*Å : OFFI u.,QI * ur a C: : :T. ATRQANQK , VA FI LED . I TH E U NI N TED STA TES DI STRI T C O UR T C FO R TH E W ESTERN DI STRI OF W RGI A CT NI RO A N O K E D I SI N VI O J 25 2 1 UL 23 J ULA D a: y > CLERK PUW CLERK A N TO N I LA M O N T A LLI N , O SO C ASE N O .7: 2C V 00601 1 Pl ntf , ai if M EM O M N D UM O PI I N N O V. By: Jam esC .Tur k Se or U nied St e Di t i tJudge ni t at s s r c J ONATHAN W . CAW CO, A , # D ef endant s. Ant ni La ontAlion,aVigi ai a epr e ng pr K ,fld t scvi rght a ton o o m ls r ni nm t oc edi o ie hi i l i s c i puruan t 42U. C.j1 al i t tc randefnda prs ofiil dei rtl s to S. 983, legng ha e ti e nt ion fcas lbeaey c n i t d hi f ontm na e s ood, r ly a e a t e t ne hi , e a it a ns hi ,a f ie t ve ba l bus d nd hr a e d m r t laed gai t m nd a ld o pr e thi a i tt e t f om ot rprs n i a es i vi a i ofhi co tt i lr gh s ot c m ga ns hr a s r he i o nm t , n ol ton s ns iutona i t . Alioni ntfe a dee t J naha W . rco,a ( l tna onl Di GilKely, ls de iis s fndans o t n Cai nd by as me y) xon, l, l La on, M a cl , ws r tm Robers a Stdha . Afe r vi ngAlion' s isons t Cour t, nd i m l tr e ewi ls s ubm s i , he t sl ma iy dim is t a ton unde 28 U .S. j1 5A( ( )f fit et saeacam. lm rl s s es he c i r C. 91 b)1 or all o tt li 2 r I Alion i a i t c r n l c i i t s r gai t ta W al nsRi St t ls s n nma e ur e ty onfned n he eg e ton mi t le dge a e Pr s H i a e d co pl i c it oft e s pa a e flngs a1 ofw hi h t Co tha i on. s m nde m a nt ons s s hr e e r t ii , l c he ur s c i r d. Hi s iso do notdei a es pa a ec am s i t d,t y e o m or ofa onsde e s ubm s i ns lne t e r t l i ; nsea he mpl y e j u lt p f r t spaaigalg to b d t.Be a s ma yo hi alg to siv let e o ma-y e o ma, e rtn le ains y ae c u e n f s le ain n ov h Allison v. Wallens Ridge State Prison Doc. 29 1 A lion alo dicus esot of i r notexpr sy nam ed asde endant , i udi Casl ls s s s her fce s es l f s ncl ng tes Col a Chrit em n, sopherB. i M ccal,W alerG .Swi y,and Ta K ng, l t ne bor. l lghtoft Cour ' concl on t tA lion hasf ld t s ae a cl m agai ta guar or ni he ts usi ha ls aie o t t ai ns ny ds prs ofk i s t Cour doesnotate ptt de er i whi ofA lion' cl msar bei br ion t al, he t tm o t m ne ch ls s ai e ng ought a ns whom . gai t Dockets.Justia.com s t pe ofe t on va i da e ,t Cour wilgr t m by t t ofa lga i a nme y s ven s rous t s he t l oup he he ype le ton nd dic se c t i tun. Ali o alege t f l ng i s s us a h ype n t' ls n l s he olowi n uppor ofhi cl ms t s ai . A .Food Cont i i am naton Ali on' fr tgr ofalega i sat t tone o m or oft de e ntpr s ls s is oup l tons t es ha r e he f nda i on otcas(te e d n s' d lb rtl c nn n tdh sf o ta .Onn meo o c so s f il Ã» fn a t' eieaey o tmiae i o d r y i d ) u r us c a in begi ngon Dec mbe 1 201 Di hadt cc pr ti hi mout whies r i cofe nni e r 0, 2, xon oba o oduc n s h l e vng f e t Alion,a Alion s l t cc j c i t rc ofhi CommonFaedi rtay, c o ls nd ls meled oba o uie n he ie s r nne r whih r m a ne s pa ae fo t ot ri t s'ta .ECF No.24 a 1 24,5 e i d e r t r m he he nma e r ys t 8, 4-55,57. t tsa Ã§' l c n iu l )p a tc f rte t ha e( ls n')ta ssp rt fo e e y n (les ta s' o tn e d rcie o h m o v Al o s r y e a ae r m v r o e es ') ry . i ' ECF N o. a 24. On a he da 24 t not r y, ( s t t hads t ngoni ghajl ke lkeabi pieofcol s neha hil omao omehi t t t oo d i g l d omeo d s toutoft i mout oni,a wela gls c umbes Thebotom sieofbr d pi her h t s l s lil uc r. t lc ea wast nedadif e wa a wa pr seddo lkes ur fernt y nd s e s wn i omeoneha (a nqt i d tke her h n a dp e s dd wno i a i te ( r)tyngt s a s mehn u a d n r se o n t s f h y wee r i o o k o t ig p. ECF No. a 59-60.Bec us hebei ve hi f hadbe n con n i t d,Alion s tm e 24 t a e le d s ood e t m na e ls ome i s c e nott e thi m ea s ECF N o.24 a 7 l addii ofk e sof e di notdipe e c f hos o a s l. t -8. n ton, t r t n d s ns of ee f Alion i hi pr enc a t y di f t ot ri aes or ls n s es e s he d or he he nm t .ECF No.24 a 38,59.Alion t ls b g nt r f s tec fe a ds mei st ec po j iebe a et eg r sd dn t ip n e e a o e u e h o fe n o tme h u f uc c us h uad i o d s e s t be r ge i f ontofhi . ECF N o.24 a 59. he ve a n r m t A cc di t Ali on, he of i r a s br gged t e ch ot r a ts ti i A li on' or ng o ls t fce s l o a o a he bou pitng n ls s f t a . ECF N o.24 a 20,5 56,69. Fore m pl ,Ali on c a m st tDi s i t tE ood r ys t 4, xn e ls l i ha xon a d ha s he wa g igt ha ef ls n s ae t e t'ECF No 2 a 5 .Th o fc r tle a o t i f o s on o v Alio l c rd o a. ' . 4 t 4 e fie s ak d b u h s o d t a ofe a wel. ECF N o. a 74. Fo i t nce O f erCa te t d t c r b00t t t r y tn, s l 24 t r ns a , ic s l ol he ont ol h ha Ã§ wa goi t ge s Ã§ r ly'a put(t i ac s he s ng o t ome mectr nd i) n ommonfr ta a put( ls s na ae r y nd Alion'l me on i . ECF N o. a 69. Se al o ECF N o. a 20. t' ' 24 t e s 24 t 2 B.V erbalA buse Alion alo al ge t tc ra nprs n ofi er ve bal a e a t e t ne hi .He ls s le s ha e ti io fc s r ly bus d nd hr a e d m c ai s t ta m os daiy, he de e ntpr s of i e si ntf e a r e r d t hi a Ã§ t l m ha l t l t f nda i on f c r de ii d nd ef r e o m s t ho mot rf ke , Ã§ nic ng bic ' Ã§ e ofe y d l m ol t r'l os xua r a he uc r' s t hi t h ' t x f nder' Ã§ d 's s ' chi ese z t ' hom e l' nd ' vmi tonsoft e phr s s E. ,ECF N o. a 3,6 1 1 1 1 1 1 -20,25, 58,61 ai hos a e . g. 24 t -8, 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9 42, , 66. On t i t nc ,ofk e scal Alion a Ã§ gge . ECF N o.2 a 45,7 Besde c li wo nsa es t r led ls Ã§ ni r' ' 4 t 4. i s a lng Alion t s nn , heofk e sr f r e t Alion i t sm n rwhe s aki t ea h ot r ls he e mes t t r e e r d o ls n hi nne n pe ng o c he a t ot rofe r .E. ,ECF No.2 a 3,6-8,1 1 1 1 1 1 nd o he f nde s g. 4 t 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9-20, 42,58, 25, 61. Alion a lgedt tde e ntprs ofi r e n cr a e ana e calng r co di t pl y on ls le ha f nda ion fce s ve e t d m - li e r ng o a t m o t i t i e v e r . ECF N o.28 a 1 he nior n he nt r i w oom t 9. Fu he ,ofk e sve ba l t eaene Ali o Fori t nc on m uli e oc aso , rt r t r r ly hr t d ls n. nsa e, tpl c i ns ofi e st eaene t sa Ali o ECF No. a 21 58,65,ore es e t i wih t to he fc r hr t d o t b ls n, 24 t , xpr s d her s ha t r ofe r woul sa orbea Alion whe t ofi e sbrnghi t t ya d.ECF No. a 6, f nde s d tb t ls n he fc r i m o he r 24 t 23 -24,61 On Augus 31, 2, a cz a lgedl hole e i r f r nc t Alion t ti he . t 201 M r tm le y l r d n e e e e o ls ha d t Ã»nic ngbic ... e t di .... ECF No. a 7.Ano he prs g r Ta ,t d s t hi th' ne ds o e ' ' 24 t t r ion ua d, bor ol o fn eso Se e e 6 2 2 t a Alio S n'c meo tg f hsc l f ras o ra y r fe d r n ptmb r , 01 ,h t ls n t t o u oj i el o h we n mo e wo be a ehek o s 1 n t b a h sÃ§nthn a s' ECFNo. 4a 7 c us n wgl wa t o e t i s ic ig s .' ' 2 t. C.M edi at i cal tenton Alio as ma e s v r l l g to r ltdt afn e ijzyh r c i e i t es we ls n lo k s e e a al ains eae o i g r n t e e ev d n h ho r e r on Nove be 26,201 m r 2.On t tda e Alion s ha t , ls howe e i t D- s e ton uni a c hi r d n he 6 egr ga i t nd ut s fnge ont s tm e a t tr down t sdesoft s we door ECF No. a 1 i r he hee t l ha uns he i he ho r . 24 t 4. Acc di t Alion,t s e m e a t ss r sde e or ng o ls he he t t l s ha p i s xpos d. ECF No.24 a 1 Alion ha e ' ' t 4. ls a s d Di oft s r s e me a ,a we lasAlion' bl e ngtnge , ndDi n s d he dvie xon he ha p he t t l s l ls s e di i r a xo ai woul c ac m e ca .ECF No. a 1 Two ot rofi e s M c l a StA n ,s d,G u k d ont t di l 24 t 4. he tc r , ca l nd i m ai l c f t tS tmot rf c r'' e erng t Alio ECF N o. a 1 5,a M ccalcommentd ha ho he ' ke y'r f ri o ls n, u 24 t 4-1 nd l e t tt ofk e sne de t putAlion on ffe n m i e wath be a ehe ha tid t kil ha he t r e d o ls ite nut c c us d re o l h msl.ECFNo. 4a 1 i ef 2 t 5.Nome ia pes nn lsw Alio frhi fn e ijze b t d c l ro e a ls n o s i g r n l d y he r Ã§ m s nia y s tm e a , ECF N o. a 1 a t t a t r hee t l' t ' 24 t 5, lhough A li on m a no f rhe m e i ofhi ls kes u t r nton s Ã»ng ra dd e n talg t a hes f rda frh rij r . e n o s o le e h t ufee ny u te n u y D .R e alaton and Faiure t Pro ec t i i l o t t A li on' ne gr ofale tonsi vesva c a m st tof i e sr t i t aga ns ls s xt oup l ga i nvol gue l i ha f c r e ala ed i t hi be us t bei vedAlion s m ca e hey le ls ubmitd r ue tf msa ns t m .Ac or ngt Alion, te eq s or gai t he c di o ls ot rof e r obt i hi i or a i n,a us d i t s i r ques f m s w hi pr vo d he f nde s a ned s nf m to nd e t o ubm t e t or , ch o ke t ofker t behosiet r hi .ECF No. a 3 9,1 28.Ali o frtcai st tt s he t s o tl owa d m 24 t -4, 2, ls n is l m ha hi a e o hi i or ton ha no be n i si t ECF No. a 5. Hea s alege r t iton, bus f s nf ma i s t e nve tgaed. 24 t l o l s eala i l r l i t f m ofofi e sr peaedl c lng Alion nn e ,s h a Ã§ m ot rf c 'a a gey n he or tc r e t y ali ls m s uc s l hot he u ker' nd Ã»s t hi bic ' ECF N o. a 6,1 1 For i t nc when A li on w asta f r e t snic ng t h.' 24 t 2, 7. ns a e, ls r ns e r d o a t rs r ton t i,Of i e Ta t d A li on: no he eg ega i m t f c r bor ol ls you kno why you a em ovi don' you,Is i no,hes d be us oft w r ng t ad ai ca e he p pewok o M ac m, n h d dn tti kMa c m ddta.1 e e le )t li a r r n ru a d e i o l n r u i h t r v a ld o t l m t teve y day s ehi i bengwr ewih my i o m a i on i a Im not ha r om t ng s i ot t nf r ton t nd ' m ii i,butbei ac us dofi a welasbengrtlael a i t a wela tng t ng c e t s l i eait dq gans, s l s bei cal d G-otM ot rFuc r'Gs t hi bic 'a s x ofe r a wela ng le sl l he ke ,'tnic ng t h, nd e f nde , s l s ' ben tr ae ld t b sa b du byoh rp io e si t ef tle ig h e tn e ) o e tb e p t e rs n r n h utr. ECF No.24 a 1 l a tont nn e c li Alion a lge hel tphoneprvieg t 3. n ddii o m - a lng, ls le s os i l es bec us ofhi i or co ant a a e s nf mal mpli s boutt de e ntprs o fc r . ECF No.24 a 6 he f nda ion fi e s t 4. A tone poi , li on aleg t ta gua d r f ed t t ke hi g i va e f m . ECF N o. a nt A ls l es ha r e us o a s r e nc or 24 t 41. 4 A s a r ul oft ofk er l belng A li o a ( nic ' n f o ofa t ot rof e es t he t s a i ls n Ã§ t h' i r nt nd o he f nder , s s Alion c e hei now i da e fo ot i aesa t tt t oods'ha ahi on ls ont nds s n ng r r m her nm t nd ha he Ã§ Bl ' ve t hi .ECF N o.24 a 5. Alion not st ti t slbeld ass t he ha hit i al be n m t ls e ha nma e a e nic s ve sorc ly e vi e l a tcke ECF No.25- a 1 I ie by ofi r 'nnme- a lng and ve ba t e t t olnty ta d. 1 t . nct d fce s c li r l hr a s o Alion,ot rof e r ha t e t ne hi , oo. ECF No. a 9-1 1 6, 35,61. ls he f nde s ve hr a e d m t 24 t 0, 4-1 28, Alhoug hei i s r ton,Alion f l t tt ofi er ha f ie t pr t c hi fo t t h s n eg ega i ls ee s ha he fc s ve a ld o o e t m r m he t ea on hi lf Raher Alion alege t ofi e stnd t t e t humor . ECF No. a hr t s ie. t , ls l s he fc r i he hr a s ous 24 t 6,1 35. 4, Alio ' c mp an d e no s e mo yd ma e .I se d hea k frij nci r le ls n s o lit o s t e k ne a g s n ta , s s o nu tve eif i t f m ofan or rdie tng ofi a st plcehi i opr t c i c t a t pr dehi n he or de r c i fcil o a m nt o e tve usody nd o ovi m w ih uncon a i t d m e l . ECF N o. 1 a 2. t t m na e as 25- t 1 1 Thec ts ldim isany a ton orc am fl by aprs ragans agove n nt l our hal s s ci l i ied ione i t r me a ofi e i t co tde e mi t a ton orc am i fi ous malci ,orf ist sae ac am fc r f he ur t r nes he ci l i s rvol , i ous al o t t l i onwhihr i maybegrntd.28U. C.j1915 b)1.Tosaeacai i a fderlci l c elef a e S. A( ( ) tt l m n ny e a vi a ton, he pl i ifm us as e tf c ua alega i nst tr s a r g t r i t ti Ã§ a i e on ci t a ntf t s r a t l l t o ha ai e i ht o elef ha s Ã§ usbl pl isf e'notonet ti s ultveorm e el t nc i bl ' Be lAt.Cop . Twombl 550 t ac p' ha s pec a i r y t eva e. l l co ' v. y, U. 5 570( ) G hieac t ta ce t maeilf t algedi t c anta S. 44, 2007 . G l our mus c pt he tra acs le n he ompli s W t u s a e e sofbar l ga c l i ns Ã§ r note il d t t as um pton oft t h'a a e r e, t t m nt e e l onc us o a e ntte o he s i rz nd r t is fi in t s eacam. Azzv. c lc I .6 8F.d 3 8 3 (t Ci. 01 )(iain n u fce t o ut li ' i Aloa .nc, 5 3 8 , 91 4 h r 2 1 ctto ' o te ) S ai gac us o a to t e j1 3r q ie ap an ift e tb iht a heh sb e mitd . ttn a e f cin md r 98 e ur s litf o sa ls h t a e n de i ofr ght gua a ee by t Cons i ton orl oft Unie St esa t tt s prved i s r nt d he tm i aws he t d at nd ha hi de i ton r ule fom c prva i es t d r onduc c t omm itd by ape s aci t rc orofsae lw .W es te r on tng mde ol tt a t v. k n , 7U. 4 , ( 98 ) Ati s 48 S. 2 48 1 8 . A .Food C ont i t on am na i TheCour co tue Alion' c t nsr s ls s ompli sr ga di hi f a ac am c le i t a nt e r ng s ood s l i ha lngng he co tonsofhi c i ndii s onfneme . An a o it c am f rr le f t onsiutona condii of nt ppr pra e l i o ei f or mc tt i l tons co i mentr quiesaprs ne t Ã§ oduc e de ofas ro orsgnii n physc or nfne e r io r o l pr e vi nce e i us i fca t ial e to l nu yr s ligfo t ec aln e c ndto s'o Ã§ e nsr t as bsa ta rs o moina ij r e utn r m h h l g d o i n , r Ã§ mo tae u tnil ik f e i ' d s h s rousha m r s tng f om t pr s r sunw ilng e uc e i r e uli r he i one ' li xposze t t c le tr o he ha l nged c ndto . S k av. mih 71F.d 1 2 1 6(t Ci. 9 5 ( i to o te ) t- h o i ns' ha k S t, 3 6 , 6 4h r 1 9 ) ct in mitd . if e i ' a gl Ei t Ame m e pr t t a i ts f e l i i ntda r a wela c r ntunne es a y gh h nd nt o ecs ga ns ufki nty mm ne nge s s l s ure c sr a wa oni lci ofpana s frng. Helngv.M c nne 509U. 25,34( 993 . nd nt ntiton i nd ufei ' li ' Ki v, S. 1 ) He e, ls doesnotalegea peronalha c r nto s fce l i i nt r s tngfom r Alion l ny s nn, ure r ufi inty mm ne , e uli ' r tefo c na nae b ted fn a tpio ofc r.Alh u hh alj sta h o c so al h o d o tmi td y h ee d n rs n fies to g e l e h t e cain ly e h sr f s dame l c fe , r uc , ls ndo sn talg t a heha be n sc t e a eue a, o fe o j ie Al o e o le e h t i s e ik n d, m a notr s l li hed,ore n m a i1i a w a f om t f ve de l n ny y r he ood.The Cour t sl m a iy di m i s s t hus lm rl s s e Alio sj1983cli rgadi f c n nai purua t j1915 b)1,f filr t ls n' ams e r ng ood ontmi ton, s nt o A( ( ) or alze o s a e a cl i . tt am B.V e rbalA bus e Tot e e Alion aleg t ta de e ntt e t ne hi ,bu f l t a l et t he xt nt ls l es ha ny f nda hr a e d m t ais o leg ha s hdee ntt se t c ryoutt t ea, ls fist saeacli ( e e. , is uc fnda ook tps o ar he hr tAlioÃ¹ al o tt am. Se s c.W lon v. c la, 5 F. p' 9 0 9 ( t Ci. 0 7 (e clim)( n u ls d ; re v M o rs M Kelr 2 4 Ap x 6 , 61 4h r 2 0 ) p r t n u p bihe ) Ca tr . ri, r l F. 21 21 n. ( h Ci.1 .i e ypus o s 'vi at aperon' 64 3d 5, 9 3 4t r 999) Ã§ ver h r hove' ol es s s Not c tt i lrg s a m e ewor , onsiutona iht, nd r ds howeve vi e , notn r ol nt do mountt a a s ul. J on v. o n s a t ohns 6 Glc 481F. 1 1 & 1 n. ( Ci.1 ,o m zedonot rgounds Grhn v. ik, 2d 028, 033 033 7 2d r 973) ve l he r , a m Conne, U. 386,397( 98 .Nordoest Consiutont otc a i ta1i nzi on r490 S. 1 9) he tt i t e t gans 1 nt sons pr one' pe eofmi ' Pitlyv.W a ih,927F. 3,7(1tCi.1 ) a og tdonot r s ac nd. tse ' rs 2d s r 991, br ae he gr oundsbyCnt ofSa a nt v. wi,523U. 8 ( 998) A guad' veba haasme o y. crme o Le s S. 33 1 ). r s r l r s nt r i et e t t a i t ,e i t c us a i aef rore o i a ey,do no c tt e dl hr a s o n nma e ven f hey a e n nm t ea m tonal nxit t onsiut a i i ofanyi ntfe lbe t i ees.J ;Emmonsv.M c uz i 87 F. 351 354 n nvason de iid i ry ntr t #. La hln, 4 2d , ( h Ci.1 9)( r t e t ca i fa frpli ifslf nota i rng me ofa 6t r 98 vebalhr as usng e r o antf ie n nfi e nt c tt i rght;Mari v.Sa g , 0F. 1 1 ( hCi.1 (alng a i t onsiutonal i ) tn r ent78 2d 334, 338 8t r 985) c li n nmae a o c na di no vi aec tt ina rg s;La rv.St l 698F. 1 1 6( t n bsene me d t olt onsiuto l iht) ma eee, 2d 286, 28 5h Ci. 9 3 (-h e t ao eaeno e o h.A s cin 1 3cam o l a c u swhe tet ras r 1 8 ) tl r as l n r t n ug de to 98 li ny c r e n h het ortle tni c uctr ul i ac tt ina de i ton.l;Eli bur v.Luc ,518F. lr ae ng ond es tn onsiuto l prvai ' lng g as 2d 1 9 ,1 9 ( t Ci.1 7 )( ea to d e n ti lc t a yc nsi to al p oe tdrg t; 1 6 1 7 8h r 9 5 d f main o s o mp iae n o tt in l r tce ih) u y Ke v. t ofAl nv,59 F.Supp.11 ( D. Y.1 4)(tT) us ofviea a i ves Civ ba 4 47 N. N. 98 $ he e l nd busve ( l anguag (ncudi rci e t tj nomatrhow a rntorr prhe i e cn f m t e i l ng a al pihes, te bhore e e nsbl, nnot or he b ssf ra51 8 cam.) M o rs nv. a t , 5 F. u p. 3 68 ( D. C. 9 0 , f' ai o 9 3 li '; rio M ri 7 5 S p 68 , 7 E. N. 1 9 ) afd ' n 91 F. 1 ( h Ci.990)(i ngt tt t e tni lnguageofaprs ofii ,e ni 7 2d 302 4t r1 fndi ha he hrae ng a ion fcal ve f tt , o sn t mo n t c n tt to a vilto ) Be a s teo fc r ' l g dveb lh e t rz d e o n u t o o siui n l oain . c u e h fie s al e r a tras e e a one do notr s t t l ve ofa c tt i na vi a i t Co ts m a iy di m i s s l i e o he e l ons iuto l ol ton, he ur um rl s s e Alio scli c e i vebala eunderj 1 5A f f l et saeacam. ls n' ams onc m ng r bus 91 or aiur o tt li C .M edi alat e i c t nt on A prs ofi a ' Ã§dei r t i fe e t aprs rss i il s o i ur sa e a ion fcils f lbe a e ndif r nce o ione ' erous lne s r ni y t t s c us ofa tont rj 1 ' Eselev.Gn e, U. 97,1 ( 976)(mpha i a dl3 a e ci mde 983.' t l mbl 429 S. 05 1 e ss dde . 3TheCo t mpha ie t tEgl o de t saeac g z bl cam, p ion rmus alg a t o ur e sz d ha sin r r o tt o nia e li a rs e t le e cs r om isi s tci l har f t e de delbe at i fer s ons ufi enty m ul o vi nce i r e ndif encet se i medi needs l i onl o rous cal . ts y A s fce l s rousm e c lnee i Ã§ t hasbe n di nos d by a physcan a man tng ufi inty e i di a d s l hat one e ag e ii s da i tea m e orone t ti s obvi t te n a l y per on w oul ea iy r c ze t ne es iy r t nt ha s o ous ha ve a s d s l e ogni he c st f rad co ' atni n'I ov. h e e 5 5F.d2 , 41( t Ci. 0 ) a aprs no tca i o o t rs te to y k S rv , 3 3 25 2 4 h r 2 08, nd io fiil s ' t lbe ael i fee 'onl i hetc t i r t y ndifrnt' y f lnowsofa dir r ( r s ndsl ea o bl t a de l nd segads or epo mr s na y oq n e c siers t i maeh at o sf t ' Fa rv. ema , 1U. 8 , 37( 9 4 . x e sv ik o n t e l r aey. nue Brr n 51 S. 25 8 1 9 ) h ' Cr dii hi alegai a tue, ls n s e tng s l tons s r Alio howe hi bl e ngfnge t de e d s e di i r o f ndantprs ion gua d Di on Nove be 26,201 butt f c t tAli o ne ragan men i hi fng ri r xon m r 2, he a t ha ls n ve i tons s i e n o e eg t p g so hi c mplitb le a ycam t a hsij r wa s ro .M o e v r v r i hy a e f s o an eis n li h t i nu y s eius ro e , A lion doesnotal get thi fnge be mewor e, nf c e orr quie m e c a tnton. ls le ha s i r cn s i e t d, e r d dial te i Thus Alion f l t demonsr t de i r t i fe enc t a s rousm e c ne a t , ls ais o ta e lbe a e ndif r e o ny e i dial ed, nd, he Co tsz rl dimis sAlion' cai e r ngme ca caeunderj1 5A frf l e ur tmmaiy s s e ls s l ms onceni di l r 91 o aiur t s a e a cl i . o tt am D . R etalat on i i Alion g ne a l a l est tde e ntprs g r r t it d agans hi f flng ls e r ly leg ha f nda ion ua ds eala e i t m or ii i or a c nf m l ompl nt a g i va s Prs n ofk i l ma notr t la eagans a i ae f ai s nd re nce . i o t as y e ait i t n nm t or e r sng hi co tt i lrghtt a ce st c t Huds t v. aai ,584 F. 1 45s1 47 xe cii s nsiutona i o c s he our. peh Fi ns 2d 3 3 (t Ci.1 7 ) Ont oh rha d t saeaj 1 8 cam h r, ls nmu t e e t r ta 4 h r 9 8 . he te n , o tt 9 3 li e e Al o s prs n mo e h n i c l or alegai ofr t iton.Adn v. c 40F. 72,74( hCi.1 .Hemus oncus y l tons ealai ms Rie, 3d 4t r 994) t a l ge f t s le ac s howi t thi e r i e ofhi co tt i lr ghtw a a s t nta f c o ng ha s xe c s s ns iutona i s ubs a i l a t r m otvai t r t la o y a ton. Se ec. Am .Ci lLi ri sUni n v.W i m i Cnt ,999 i tng he e a it r c i e. . , vi be te o co co v. F.d78 78 ( t Ci. 9 )(ii gM t He lh Ci S h. s. o Ed c v. ye 4 9U. 2 0, 5 4h r 1 93 ctn . at y t c DitBd. f u . Do l, 2 S. y 27 287( 977)(e rngpl nift s w Ã»ac us lrltons pbewe nt pr e td 4, 1 r quii aitf o ho E a a eai hi t e he otce s i fer uch ndif encet can ofend E vi sandar ofde y'i vi a i oft Ei h Amendment' hat f evol ng t ds cenc n olton he ght .' Esele,429 U . a 1 tl S. t 06. 8 e esi atdt r alat ya ton' W ag rv.W heee ,1 F. 86,90-91( h Ci.1 xpr son l he et i or ci ); ne lr 3 3d 4t r 993) (n .M e eGe a pr miy'bewee t i t spr eceda tviya t ofiils s me) r t mpor l oxi t ' t n he nmae' ot t ci t nd he fca' t algedl rtlaor aci Gssmpl t se rar donwhiht r s'aj 1 r aiton le y eait y ton t i y oo lnde ee i c o et' 983 etlai c am . W aa r 1 F. a 91 I addii t s li ne , 3 3d t . n ton o howi ca a i t i em us a s ale ng us ton, he nmat t lo lge f c si cai t t a ar ul oft r t it y a ton,he s f r d s m ead r ei a t ndi tng ha , s es t he e ala or c i ufe e o ve s mpac on t t he c i de rieofhi c tt ina rg s W i mio Cnt ,999F. a 78 (i ngt t ontnue xecs s onsiuto l iht. co c v. 2d t 6 fndi ha m e e i onve e ei e r ieofc tt i lrght no ad re e r nc ninc n xe cs onsiutona i s t ve s nough t c tt e o onsiut a tona ertlai . ci bl eaiton) l t sca e Alion f l t s n hi s , ls ais o how t tt def nda s' eala i occ r d i r s ns t ha he e nt r t iton ure n e po e o t e r ie ofarg e a tng fom t Consiu i n.Alion a lgest tt gua ds he xe c s i ht m na i r he tt to ls le ha he r r ala e wih nn c lng,l tphoneprviege ,a s e i r f i t a e hi et it d t me- ali os i l s nd om tmes e usng o cc pt s g i va ef m s whe Alion,a al dl ot rofe r usng hi i or ton,wr t a re nc or n ls nd lege y he f nde s i s nf ma i o e nd s it d i o m alc pl i s a gre nc . A c s t g i va pr dlr ,how e r i not ubm te nf r om a nt nd i va es ce s o r e nce oce zes ve , s aco tt i lrght Adn , F. a 75(ttngt ttheConsiutonc e tsnoe ilme nsiutona i . ms 40 3d t sai ha i t tt i r ae ntte nt t gre nc pr edze o a ce st a s hpr edur volmtrl e tbls dbyasae'. o iva e oc lr s r c s o ny uc oc e t aiy sa ihe tt' ) The ef e be us Alio f ist al ge f t de onsr tngt tt g ds r tla i r or , ca e ls n a l o le ac s m tai ha he uar ' ea iton oc ured i r pons t t e r ie ofac tt i lrg ,t Cour s c r n es e o he xe c s onsiutona i ht he t umm a iy dim is hi rl s ses s r t itoncli t rj1 A. ealai ams mde 915 E.Faiure t Prot l o ed Fi ly,Alion alege t tde e nt a ef lngt pr ec hi fom ot ri aes The na l ls l s ha f nda s r aii o ot t m r he nm t . Ei h A m e ght ndm e ti pos s a dut on pr s ofi i s Ã§ o pr e tpr s ne s f o vi e e a t n m e y i on t c al s ot c i o r r m ol nc t he t ha ofohe prs r. Fn rv.Br r n,511U. 825,833( 994) Toma avald nds t r iones' nne ' ema S. 1 . ke i Ei h A m endm e c a m ba e on pr s of i al 'f l e t pr ec hi a ns i a e a s ul, ght nt l i sd i on fci s aiur o ot t m gai t nm t s a t 9 a pr s rm us s a e f ct de o t a i t the f ce a s bs a i lr s of s r ousha m a t i one t t t a s m ns r tng ha a s u t nta i k ei r nd hat ofier ar aci wih delbe at i fe e et t rs I a 828.A prs of i s fc s e tng t i r e ndif r nc o hat ik. d. t ion Ã»cal hows de i r t i fe e ei het lbe a e ndif r nc f t knowsofa dir a dsal e es i rs t i a ehe lh or nd seg r l xc sve ik o nm t a t s ey. 1 I ot rwor ,Ã»het s i whehe t gua dsknow t pl i ifi a ef c a af t ' d. n he ' ds t e t s t t r he r he antf nm t a es srousda rt hi s ft a (heofierjcoul a r t da rea iyye t fit dos ' ei nge o s aey nd t fc s d vethe nge sl t hey al o o.' Ca ev. t 3 F. 605,607( t Ci.2002) A prs ofii ' a ci ntlori dve tnt s Ahiow, 01 3d 7h r . ion fcals c de a na re f iur t pr e ti aesfom ha m by ot prs r i nots fcintt sa ea Ei h al e o ot c nm t r r her ione s s ufi e o tt n ght Am e e tvi a i Fa me ,511U. a 840. ndm n olton. r r S. t A li on hasalege y t d of i r t the f el t e t ned a be i vesot ri a es ls l dl ol fce s ha e s hr a e nd le he nm t ha putat t' hi .Crtca l ho ve ,Als r m ansi s r ton,whe ehehasno ve t 'on m hi ii ly, we r ion e i n eg egai r die tc a twih ot ri aes The ef e, l Alion ma f ltle t ne he doe no sa e r c ont c t he nm t . r or whie ls y ee lr a e d, s t tt f t i c tnghow he a t ly f c any s rousda rofha m fom ot ri aes Be us ac s ndia i cual a es ei nge r r he nm t . ca e het f ist s ts yt s ro rs ofha m elm e oft Fa me sanda d,heCour hus a l o a if he e i us ik r e nt he r r t r t t sl rl dimis hi f llet pr e tcli unde j1 5A. lmma iy s ses s aitr o otc ams r 91 II l F rt ef r g igra o , lo Al s n' camsa es be tt s mmayd s sa. o h o e on e s ns al f l o s li r u j c o u r imisl i Ac o dngy t eCo r sl rl d s se hi c mpan wih u p eu ieu e c r i l ,h u t l mmai imis s s o lit t o t rj dc nd r y j 1 5A( ()f f l et saeacai Ana opraeor rwilis t sda 91 b)1 or aiur o tt l m. ppr it de l sue hi y. TheCl r i diec e t s nd co e oft sm e a um opi on a t a co pa ng ek s r td o e pis hi mor nd ni nd he c m nyi o de t pl i if r r o antf . y TsR:Th s ) X d y o J y 2 1 . x i s a f ul, 0 3 4 1 Se orU nie St t s D it i tJ ge ni t d a e s rc u

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