Meredith v. Elliot et al, No. 7:2012cv00450 - Document 7 (W.D. Va. 2012)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Samuel G. Wilson on 10/15/2012. (tvt)

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CLERK' OFFI U. DI COURT S CE S. ST. AT ROANOKE, VA FI LED Ã»21 15 2 1 22 I T H E UN I ED STA TES D I N T STR I CO U R T CT FO R T H E W ESTE RN D I STR I O F V I G I I CT R N A R O AN O K E DIV ISIO N B R AD LE Y BR IA N M ER E D ITH , J A C. ULI BY; DE C RK CL C i lA cton N o.7: vi i 12cv00450 Pl nt f ai i f, M EM O M N D U M O PI O N NI R O BI L.ELLI T e .al N O t , By:Sam uelG .W ison l U nied St es D i ri Judge t at st ct D ef endant s. Pl i ifBr dl y Br a M e edih, V igi a pr s ne pr e ngrr s f l t s a ntf a e i n r t a r ni i o r oc edi / e, ied hi c mplitfrd caao yj g n ,nu t r le, n d ma e f ralg dv oain o h s o an o e lrt r ud me t ij nci eif a d a g s o l e i lto s f i ve e Si handFouree hAme xt t nt ndme rghspurua tt 42U. C.j 1 nt i t s n o S. 983.M ee t aleg t t rdih l es ha de e n s Cl r ofC o tf Fl nna Count Robi Eli ,Si e nt J ci lD i ti tJ f nda t , e k ur or uva y n lot xt e h udi a sr c udge D wi htD . ohns a V i gi a Com m onwea t A s it ntA tor y G e a N i hol g J on, nd r ni lh s s a t ne ner l c as Si o m poul , e hi r ght t r es nt to a a ce st t cours i pat r t a cusody os deni d s i s o epr e a i n nd c s o he t n e niy nd t p o e dn s Th c u t r n sM ee i smoint p o e d if r r c e ig . e o r g a t r dt h' to o r c e n o mapau rs tn ta J d e pe i,i ds h t u g J ohns i e il t a ol t i m uniy a t tM e edih hasf ie t s a e a c a m upo w hi h on s ntted o bs u e m t nd ha r t al d o t t l i n c r le m a be g a ed a ns e t r Si opoul orEli ,a di m i s s s e M e edih' ei f y r nt gai t ihe m os lot nd s s es ua pont r ts Camspuruan t 28U. C.jj 1 5()2)B)i-(i. 1i s to S. 91 e( ( () i)1 1 . The c tdi c nst f l i alega i nsf om M e edih' com pl i a s ppo tng our s er he olow ng l to r r ts a nt nd u r i e bis. e e t ha be i r er t a Cofee oo Cor ec i lCe era A l m a l xhi t M r dih s en nca c a ed t f w d r tona nt nd be reChaz otes le Joi Securiy C om pl s nce A ugus 21,2009,att tm e ofhi i cer i l t vil nt t ex i t . he i s ncar aton, 'Se M iha v. Ch retnCo nv 4 4F.d7 5(t Ci. 00 )Un e 28U. C. l 5 e, ih e c u also u t , 3 3 2 4h r2 6 ( d r S. j 9l ()whc g v msi o mapa pe i 'l g i a dt nt c mpanstldb p io es adititc u t s ds s a a t n o e nf r u rsl i s n d ii o o lit ie y rsn r, src o r mu t imis n ci in o o ta t c ut id t b fioo so maiiu o ta fi t saeacama. h the o r fn s o e rv lu r l o s r h t al o tt li ) c s M e e t sfa Ã©ewa e c i achid lt rdeenni t behi daught r Afe hi r dih' i nc s xpe tng l a e t ned o s e . tr s da ught r sbi t i J nua y 201 M er dih i ta e a s i ofl ga pr ee ngs t r t a e ' rh n a r 0, e t nii t d eres e l oc di a ge ed t es a ihi hi pat r t a e o c ng hi r g s a t c l s f t . The Fl nna Count t bls ng s e niy nd nf r i s i ht s he hid' a her uva y De rme ofSoci Se vi es aswe lasa g r a ad ltm a n edt r pr s ntM e e t i pa t nt al r c , l ua din ie ppoit o e e e r dih n c t pr e di ,a s s e M e e t a t s s a Due t hi i a c r ton, e edih w a no us ody oc e ngs s i t d r dih t hi t ge. o s nc r e a i M r t s t e i bl t tke c t ofhi da e ,a t Fl r Count J niea Dom e tc lgi e o a usody s ught r nd he uvama y uve l nd si Re a i Cour a a de s e l land phys c lc t t t c l sm ot r Si e t ttm e, l tons t w r d ol ega i a us ody o he hid' he . nc ha i M e e t ha m a r pea ed a t m pt t s i i l ga a c pe t ni t hi daug e ' c t r dih s de e t te s o olc t e l dvi e rai ng o s ht r s us ody a r nge ntfom a n ra me r umbe ofs c .M e e t ha a s s htt ha c ran or r e e e r our es r dih s lo oug o ve e ti de s nt r d by t Fl nna Cot t J nie and Dom e tc Re a i Cour tr dr s d. W he hi efor s he uvn m y uve l s i l tons t de es e ' ' n s f t f l t pr duce t out om es he desr d,M er dih s nta l te t Eli ta i i Eli t the aied o o he c ie e t e e t r o lo ppr s ng lot ha woul bei tai a aci purua t 42U. C.j1 a ns he .AsElitscouns , d niitng n ton s nt o S. 983 gai t r lo' el Si opo osr ponde t M er dih i a l te r que tng t tM e e t di e tf t e m ul es do e t n e t r e s i ha r dih r c u ur c r s nde et hi r t rt n Eli t ore po nc o m a he ha lo . II . M e edih a l ge t tJ r t le s ha udge J ohns vi a e hi c tt i on ol t d s ons iutonalrght by no a l i i s t low ng hi t a es t cour ort a m o ddr s he t o ppea be o ea i a ofi e a t Cour Se v c Uni ofi e by r f r n nt ke fc r t he t r i es t fc ; de ng hi m o i n f s nyi s t o or how ca e t tS oul ha r dr s d t f tt tD ef ntJ us ha i w d ve e es e he ac ha enda ohns n' o s Cour Or r... svi ae by ( sc l smot r' byi efrngwih M ee t sac es t t de wa oltd hi hid' he l' ntre i t rdih' c s o ; co tr c ds r gar ng vi ia i a c t ofhi m i rchid b s lng pa tc a r co ds ur e or e di s t ton nd us ody s no l y ea i r i ul r e r ; i f lng t a l Pl i ifpr ra e st m odi y t c r ntCour o de ';by f ii t s aii o low a ntf ope cc s o by f he ur e t r r' a lng o e o c a c ur or r by f ii t a n M e edih Sc nf r e o t de ; a lng o ppoit r t Ã§ompe e c uns la gua di ad lt t t nt o e s r an iem o r pr s ntPl ntf i c vi m a t r r a e t ... sm i da e ee ai i f n i l te s el t d o hi nor ught r' a by f lng t a l e '; nd aii o low M er dih t tl t s pe ii . B e a e t s c tfndst tJ e t o i err l e ttons c us hi our i ha udge J ohns w a pe f ng t on s r onni he f n to so h so fc a a tngwihnhij dca c pa iya alsa e t a aetes b e to u ci n f i fie nd ci t i s u iil a ct t l tg s h t r h u j c f ti c mpan,h c u t id ta J d eJ l o i s be t a ouej d ca i nt a h s o lit te o r fn s h t u g oms n s u jd o bs l t u iilmmu iy nd d s se tec mp an wi o tp eu ie imiss h o lit t u rj dc . h I i wele tbls e t a j dg sa ea oueyi n fo la iiyfrdn g sa iig t s l-sa ih d h t u e r bs ltl mmu e r m iblt o ma e rsn o to t er u iil cin .Ch v. it , 71F.d 7 8 ( t Ci. 98 )(iigBrde v. u f h ij dca a to s u Grf 7 2 9, 1 4h r 1 5 ctn a ly kh Fihe,8 U. 335( 872) St v.Spakma 435U. 349( 978:.Abs ut i s r 0 S. 1 ) ump r n, S. 1 ol e mmuniyi t s d sg e t fe tej d ca p o e sfo h r sme ta ditmi ai n.Th d crn o j dca e in d o r e h u iil r c s r m aa s n n n i d to e o tie f u iil i mmuniyi e nsve.Clavi rv.Sa r 474U. 1 1 t s xpa i e nge xne, S. 93, 99-200( 985 ( tngBrdlv, 1 ) quoi a e 8 U. a 3 7 .( j d ewi n t ed p ie o i nt b c u etea to h t o wa i 0 S. t 4 ) Ã§ u g l o b e rv d f mmu iy e a s h cin e o k s n A l e r ,w a done m alc ousy,o was i e s ofhi a ho iy. St p,435 U . a 356-57. r or s ii l r n xce s s ut r t ' um ' S. t Rah r ted crn o j iili t e,h o tie f udca mmunt i o l o ro wh naj g ' a to aeno i s ny vec me e ud es cins r t y u d ra e i hij dca c pa i o wh nt e aetk ni t ec mpeea e c o a1 n e tk n n s u iil a ct r e h y r a e n h o lt bsn e f 1 y jzidcin M iee v. a o 5 2U. 9 1 -1 (9 ) W i r s e t ot frtnq r , o rs l s ito . rls W c , 0 S. , 1 2 1 91 . t e p c t he is i uiy c u t r h mus ( a t lnebewe t l j cala t,f whih i tt w he i t en nly udii cs or c mmuniyi appr it a a t t t dr t s oprae, nd cs ha smpyh p e t h veb e d n b j d e . Fo rse v. hi , 8 U. 21 , 27( 9 8 . i l a p n o a e n o e y u g s' retr W t 4 4 S. 9 2 1 8 ) ' e Ã»-l fco sd tr nngwheh ra a tb aj d ei aju iil o er lt t tenau eo te Ã§lhe a tr eemii gte n c y u g s d ca' n eae o h t r f h a tisl, ..wh t ri i afncinn r l p ro me byaj g , n t tee p cain o c tef i , ehe t s u to o mal ef r d e y ud e a d o h x e tto s f tepat s i .wheh rt yd at t tej d ei h s u iil a a i ' S u 43 U.. t h ri ,. , te he e lwih h u g n i j dca c p ct ' t mp, 5 S a e e y. 3 W ih r s c t t s cond i r c t mus ditnguih bewee aci t ta e tke 62. t e pe t o he e nquiy, ours t si s t n tons ha r a n i t E e ra e eofalj iditon'ove t s jctmat , c ar notaf de t n he t a bs nc cl l urs ci ' r he ube terwhih e for d he pr e tonof udii i otci j calmmuniy,a a tonst taeme eyi t xce sof urs ci 'whihae t nd ci ha r r l n Ã§ s j iditon,' c r e af de s prtcto ..a 356.TheSuprmeCour hase for d uch oe in.JJ t I e t mphasz dt tÃ§hesopeoft ie ha s c t he j d esj rs ito mus b c nsnzdbr a l wheet is i tei n t o tej d e' I u g ' u id ci n t e o t e o dy r he sue s h mmu iy f h u g . d. ' Fr t com pl i ,i i c e rt ti m a ng t r i on M e e t sm o i ,J om he a nt t s l a ha n ki he ulngs r dih' tons udge J h s nwa p ro migt fmcin r q ie b hsp sto a j d e l . t3 2. o n o s ef r n he t to s e ur d y i o iin s u g . d a 6 Furhe m or ,M e e t ss isonst t c tc e ry i c t t thec i r d hi s ft t r e r dih' ubm s i o he our l a l ndia e ha onsde e m el o b d aigwihJ d eJ h s ni hi j d ca c p ct 1 J d eJ h o sa to srltngt e e ln t u g o n o n s u iil a a i d. u g o ns n' cin eai o y. Me e i smo in a do h rd ma sr ltn t hsc id' c so ya ece ryj dca i rdt h' to s n t e e nd eaig o i hl s u t d r lal u iil n n tr , ndt u ,h c u ti d t a J d eJ h s ni e tte t j dca i nt . au e a h s t e o r fn s h t u g o n o s n i d o u iil mmu iy 2 l 1 11. Ve y lbe aly c tued,M e e t cai st tEli de ed hi a ce st t c t. r i r l onsr r dih l m ha lot ni s c s o he ours3 W hie pr s sha a cons iutona rghtofa e st t cours M e e t hasf l d t l i oner ve tt i l i cc s o he t , r dih aie o pl us bl a l ge Eli de e t trght t r f e t c t s i s st scl i f f iur t a i y le lot ni d ha i ; he e or he our dim s e hi a m or a l e o sa eacli upon whih r i fmay be g a e .4 tt am c ele r nt d 2TheRooke - el n docrnealobar M er t scl m sa ii o ofJ rF dma ti s s edih' ai rsng ut udgeJ on' or r .Unde ohns s de s r - -. teRo k rF lma d crn ,fd rl itit o rsd n th v s be t te jlidcint h a Ã§ ae b o g b h o e-ed n o tie e ea dsrc c ut o o a e u jc matr t s ito o e rÃ§ ss r u ht y r c saec uto esc mpann o ij re c usdb saec u tu g nsrn ee b fr tedsrc c ut tt-o r lsr o liig fnu is a e y tt-o rj d me t e d rd eoe h itit o r po edig c mme e a ivt dsrc c u te e a rjcino to ej d me t. Ex o Mo l r . rc e n s o ncd nd n ii itit o r rviw nd eeto fh s u g ns' x n biCo n v. ng ' S ud Bai I u . r .5 4U. 28 , 8 ( 0 ) Ev nSiftesaec ut e iinwa wrn ,Ã» a (o s n t a i sc nd s Co p, 4 S. 0 2 4 20 5. e Ã»l h tt-o r d cso s o g t td el o g h ma ete u g n v i, u meeyo e t rv ra o mo iiaini a a p o raea tmeya pelt k h j d me t od b t rl p n o e esl r dfcto n n p r pit nd i l p lae p o e dn ' l .q oigRo k rv. ieiv'r s Co, 6 U. 41 , 5( 9 3) Th v n efrs c ac aln e rc e ig.' d (u tn o e Fd l -rut .2 3 S. 3 41 1 2 ). e e u o u h h le g ' ti t c tha r r dt de son ort a opraesaea laec t s he our t t ende e he cii he ppr it tt ppelt our. 3A lhought cour ha lber l c tu M e e t scli asade alofhi rghtofa ces t t co t, t he t s i aly onsr ed r dih' am ni si c s o he urs heha i f tfa edt is asi iatnghi Sit Am e e rg t couns l TheSupr m eCou thasce ry s n ac rm he s ue mplc i s xh ndm nt iht o e. e r la l i tuce t tt Si h Am e m entrghtt co eli snotata h un i apr e i i c nsr td ha he xt nd i o uns t doe tc tl os cuton s omm enc t ti,a or ed,ha s t atri taino a v rayj iil rmia po edig wh te b wa o fr l h r e p ei n r h aig fe ni to f d esr udca ci n l rc e n s eh r y y f o ma c ag , rlmiay e rn , i idcme ti omain o arin n. Mc iv W ic n i, 01U. 1 ,l 5(9 1 (nen l u tto mak n it n,nfr to , r rag me t' Nel . so sn 5 S. 71 7 1 9 ) itra q oain rs ' o te ) Ã§f eSxhAme d n ' itn e f n to i n towrpapoe tv co kao n teatre cin mitd. t' it -h n me ts ne d d u cin s o t a rtcie la r u d h ton y-le t r ai hi f isown s keanym or t n i i t pr t tas pe tfom t cons ue sofhi ownca .ls eltons p or t a e ha t s o oec us c r he eq nce s ndor t p r o e rte,st aszeta i a yÃ§rmia po e ui n, . .h a c s ds al o b lft hso d vc s u p s,ah ri o sl h t n n ci n l rs c t l' . te c u e h ln t e eto i wn e ie r ol i fcngtelrs c tra fre o o g nz ds cey.'Mo a v Btbie 4 5U. 41 , 28(9 6 (u t g n a i h po e uo ilo c s f r a ie o it ' rn . l n , 7 S. 2 4 1 8 ) q oi ' r n Kib v.ln i, 6U. 68 6 9( 9 2) < i v r tr ,t c me a pl a l o l wh nt g v rme ts r v Il os40 S. 2, 8 1 7 ). Ã§ t ey ems ibe o s p i be ny e he o en n' i By s c r es fsfom i tga i t ac ai Fori i onl t n t tt a ssa ofoneve s i t inti ce ... ol hit r nvesi ton o cus ton. t s y he ha he s it nce red n he i rca is oflw 'i ne dt asur t t pr ec i sc ee ountr Ã§hec ucbl ofm e ni uladve s ilt tng.' a s ede o s e hat he os uton' as nc e s t r i e a ngf rara esi '' Moa , 75U.. t4 8( u t gUni dSae v. o c 46 U. 6 , 6(9 4 ) rn 4 S a 2 q oi n t tts Crni, 6 S. 48 65 1 8 ). e l a ye e tiwa tej d ewhoh dt a toiyt a on c u s la dh d cie t d s . n n v n,t s h u g a he uh rt o pp it o n e, n e e l d o o o n 4Pusln t 2 U.. . j1 1 ()2( ()(i, c u t h lÃ§ t n tme' imisa if r rt to 8 SC j 9 5 e()B)i-i)a o r s alÃ§ a y i 'ds s n n o mapapei a a u rs c mpan i ii fiolu o maiiu , ri iÃ§alt saeacam u o whc rl fma bega td' Ã§A1 u g o litft s rv o s r lco s o fti i o tt li p n ih ei y rne . Ã§ j d e fs e '( 4 Ã§f erghtofa ce st t c t ... sf d' i -h c s o he ours i ounde i t Due Pr s ca e a a s r d n he oce s lus nd s u es t a n p ro wi b d ne t eo po tnt t prs n t t ej iir alg to sc nc r ig h t o e s n l e e id h p ru i o e e t o h udcay le ai n o enn l y vi ai off me alc tt i rght. W olfv.M c oltons unda nt onsiutonal i s' ' f Donnel 41 U. 539,579( 974) l, 8 S. 1 . S n or rt es a i h a c a m ofde a ofa c s t t c t,a i a e c nnotr l on Ã© de o t bls l li ni l c es o he our s n nm t a ey c n l s r alg to b tmus ise dalg a a ta ij r o s e i ch n o p eu iet a o cu o y le ains u t n ta le e n cu lnu y r p ct a u r rj dc h t i hasrs tdfom t de a.'Coc a v.Mori,73F. 1 0,1 7( h Ci.1 .Rele e ule r he nil' hr n rs 3d 31 31 4t r 996) if fom al i e f e oft sba i rghtofac es c n be s r z ntrer nce hi sc i c s a oughtt ough a a ton unde 42 hr n ci r U. C.j 1 Tosaeaca eofaci unde j 1 apli ifmus algef t i c tng S. 983. tt us ton r 983, antf t le acs ndiai t tpli ifha be n de i d ofrgh sg r nt e by t Consiuto o lwsoft Unied ha antf s e prve i t ua a e d he tt i n r a he t St t a t tt s de i ton r s t d f om cond tc m it d by a pe s ac i unde c or a es nd ha hi prva i e ule r uc om te r on tng r ol ofsaelw.W es v. ki ,487U. 42( 988 . tt a t At ns S. 1 ) M e edih doesno alege a f c st tpl usbl s es Eli vi a e a ofhi r t t l ny a t ha a i y ugg t lot ol t d ny s c n tt t n l ih s n rd e h s g e t na t ln u y s e ii h r o p eu iers lng o siui a rg t, o o s e u g s a cua ij r , p cfc am, r rj dc e ut o i f om t a l ge deni . Fort e r as ,M e e t sco pl ntm us be di m i s d pur ua tt r he le d al hes e ons r dih' m ai t s se s n o 28U. C.j1 ( ()B)i) S. 915e)2 ( (i. I . V M e edih alege t tbot Eli and Si opoul ha vi a e hi r ght t equa r t l s ha h lot m os ve ol t d s i s o l pr e ton oft 1 w by t ta f di hi t s m er gh s a pr viegesofpe s not ot c i he a s f or ng m he a no i t nd i l r ons i a ce a e who woul be a e, r ona l t a es t c tort a nc r r t d d bl pe s ly, o ddr s he our o ppea be or a i ake r f e n nt m us a e a tu al oft f t ale i c ai i t c pli .'Erc onv. r ,55lU . 8 94 t cc pt s r e l he acual lgatons ont ned n he om ant' iks Pa dus S. 9, (0 7 (i t n o te ) Th c u t o sre pr s c mplit l eal i o igÃ»e ssrn e tsa ad ta 2 0 ) ct i s mitd . e o r c n tu s o e o ans i rl mp sn Ã§ s tig n tnd rs h n ao b y, l f r l la n sd a tdb lwye s' S ei (ne n l u t t n mak a d ctto o te ) Ev nsi ,t o ma p e dig r fe y a r . e d. it r a q o ai ' o r s n iai n mitd . e tl ' la c pli m us c ai s t intf t m at , ce e a tu t ttt acl m ofr i t ti pl i eon is om ant t ont n ufk e acual ter ac ptd s r e, o sae ai elef ha s ausbl t fc .'As cofv lba, 5 U. 6 2, 78(0 9 (u tn Bel lCop. Two v 5 0U. 5 4, 7 a e' h r t .q l5 6 S. 6 6 2 0 ) g oi: lAt. r v. mbl, 5 S. 4 5 0 ' ( 0 );e as Atetnv. C. t o Ma r 5 7F3 6 2 6 -8 ( C. r 2 0 )Ct lqr s 20 7) se lo h ro D. Ofke f vo, 6 .d 7 , 81 2 D. Ci. 0 9 l e o e Whi c mpans mu t eh l t ls srn e tsa d rst nfr l la i sy . . v napr s c mplla t s o litl s b ed o es tig n tn ad ha oma pe dng t . e e j o e o an n mut pe dfcu l te t t emistec utoi e moeta temeepo sbit o mic n u t' (nen l la ata matrha p r t h o r t nfr r h n h r si l y f so d c.) itr a i ' q oainmak a ctto o te ) u tto r s nd i ins mitd . a of i e a a Cour Se vi esU ni of i e i o de t pe f ta pe ii orm oton f c ng i t fc r t t r c t f c n r r o r ec tton i or ha e n he c r ntco tor r' M er dih alege f t rt Si opoul vi a e hi rghtt e l ur e ur de . ' e t l s ur he hat m os ol t d s i o qua pr e ton t ough ti i i ton' a i a pulton'bywrtng t tM er dih die tf ur otc i hr Ã»ntm da i ' nd t ni a i ' m ii ha e t rc m e c rs or e ponde t hi . M e edih' co pl nti f i ous a doe notcont n s fc e f c s nce o m r t s m ai s rvol nd s ai uf i i nt a t t t i t ke ast e,w o d s ha , f a n nz ul uppor a c a m t r le t ti pl usbl on is f ce. The e or ,t t l i o e i f ha s a i e t a r f e he c tdim i s sM e e t s c ai saga ns bot Eli ta Si opoul pur ua t 28 U . C . our s s e r dih' l m i t h lo nd m os s nt o S. j 1 5 e( )B)i- i . j 91 ()2 ( () (i ) The Equa Pr e ton Cl us oft Fo t e h A m e entpr de t ta sa e m a no l ot c i a e he ur e nt ndm ovi s ha t t y t Ã» e yt a yp ro wihn is u idcintee u l r tci no t elws' U. Co s. me d. i n o n e s n t i t j rs ito h q a p oe to f h a . S. n t n n d ' XI j 1 Tot te t Eq lPr e tonClus af dst tÃ©alpe s smial st t V, . ha nd, he ua otci a e for ha sl rons i lry iuaed s dbete tdalke.'CivofClbunw v.Clbunw Li ncCt.473U. 43 439(98 . houl rae i ' t e e vi r, S. 2, 1 2) To e t bls a e lpr e ton vi a i a pl i ifm us tr tde ons r t t the ors ha s a ih n qua ot c i ol ton, a ntf t i s m t a e ha he s be n E r a e di f e l f om ot r w ih w hom he i s m ia l st t d a t tt une e Ã§ e t d f er nty r t he s t s i l ry iua e nd ha he qual tea m e w a t r ul ofi e i lorpur e uldi c i i to ' once t s s w i i m ade r t nt s he es t nt ntona pos f s r m na i ni' hi ho ng s , tec u t r c e st d tr n wheh rt ed s aiyi te t n c nb j siidu e t e h o r p o e d o eemie te h ip rt n r ame t a e u tfe nd r h r qui ie l ve of s nzi e s t e l c tny. See A ri t H e g sv. e r H ous D e Cor ,429 U . 25 lng on i ht M to. . v. p. S. 2, 26 4-65( 977) To s ce ona equa pr e toncai aplitf mus s tfrhl pe fc 1 . uc ed n l otci l m, anif t e o t f cii, s no c us y f c ua a l ga i t tes a i h i pr pe m otve. W iln sv. a e 326 n- oncl or a t l le tons ha t bls m o r i ' ' li m H ns n, F. 569,584( hCi.2003) M eec l or alegai ofdic i nai aei ufiin t 3d 4t r . r oncus y l tons srmi ton r ns fce t o s a e a c ai . Spa di v. i tt l m ul na D xon, o.90- 5,199 U . APP. N 731 0 S. LEX I 1 S 5560,*2,1 W L 990 1 36( hCi. pt 4,1 ;Cha 261 4t r Se . 990) pmanv.Re nol ,378F. v ds supp.1137,11 ( . Va. 39 W D. 1 . 974) 6 M e edih f l t sa e as t intal gai n ofaFo te h Amendme vi ai n by r t aied o tt ufk e le to ure nt nt ol to c ani t tEli wasÃ§notafor nghi ( ee t t s merght andprvie of ompli ng ha lot s f di m M rdih) he a i s i lges pes noti a c rtd. ( . mpl 11 ECFNo.1) Meedihha sae not ngmor t n rons nc r eae ' PlCo . , ' . r t s ttd hi e ha m e e c l o y alega i t tf lt e t bls a y i pr rm otve on Eli ' be f Se r onc us r l tons ha ai o s a ih n m ope i lots hal. e H a e 326 F. d a 58 The ef e, he c tdim i s sM e edih' com pl i a i tEli f ns n, 3 t 4. r or t our s s e r t s a nt ga ns lot or f l et saeacam purua t 28U. C.j 1 5e ( ( (i. aiur o tt li s nt o S. 91 ()2)B)i) Fi l M e e t buids hi aleg i ofe naly, r dih l s l atons qualpr ec i n vi a i a i tSi opoul ot t o ol tons ga ns m os ba ed o t s ngl l terSi opo os s ntM e e t Thi c a m i pl i y f i o a doesnot s n he i e e t m ul e r dih. s l i s a nl r vol us nd c tt e a cog z bl equa pr ec i vi a i n. A c or ngl t c tdi m i s M e e t s ons iut ni a e l ot ton ol to c di y, he our s s es r dih' c anta i tSi ompli gans mopoul asfi ouspurua tt 28U. C.j 1 5()2)B)i. os rvol s n o S. 91 e ( ( () V. Ba e on t f e ng, he c t s i s M e edih' c pl ntpur ua t 28 U . C . sd he or goi t our dim s ed r t s om ai s nt o S. jj1 5()2)B)i-(i bec us i i fi ous s andfist saeacli 91 e( ( () i) a e t s rvol ne s al o tt am. The C l r i di e t d t s nd a ce tfe c oft s M em or ndum O r rand ek s rce o e ri i d opy hi a de ac om pa ng Or rt t pl i i f c nyi de o he a ntf . EN TER :O c obe 1 201 t r 5, 2. A UN I TED STA TES D I STRI J GE CT UD

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