Bayadi v. Mathena et al, No. 7:2012cv00436 - Document 22 (W.D. Va. 2013)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge James C. Turk on 3/5/2013. (tvt)

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CL SOFFI U' . ST. URT ERK' CE S DI O ATROANOKE, VA FIED L MA2 25 2 1 23 I T UN T DS AT DIT I C N HE I E T ES S R CT OURT tL UI A FO R TH E W ESTER N D I STR I O F V I GI I B ; CT R N A RO A N O K E D I I O N V SI H A SAN BA YA D I , Pl ntf , ai if ux uR s ux C i lA c i No. 7: 2- v- 36 vi ton : 1 c 4 M em orandum O pi on ni V. M N DA LL C .M A TH EN A ,e aI, t . H on.Jam e C.T ur s k Se o U nie St t sD i t i tJudge ni r td a e src D ef endant s. H a a Ba di a V igi a pr s rpr e ng pr s tl d t sci lr gh sa i a l gi s n ya , r ni i one oce di o e, i e hi vi i t cton le ng t t De e nt M a he a Hi e vi atd hi rght unde t Foure nt Am e ha f nda s t na nd nkl ol e s i s r he te h ndme nt ( oughtunde 42U. C.j 1 )a t Rei ousLa Us a I tt i lz Pes Ac br r S. 983 nd he lgi nd e nd nsiutonaied rons t (ç PA'.42U. C.jj200 e s p.Ba di ançorhodox W hieSl Musi 'alge t RLU1 ' ) S. 0cc t e ya , ç t t l nni lm,' le s t tt ûshar ' h La s of I l m ' r qui e t the not s ve hi be d.ECF N o. 1 a 3.V igi a ha he t ia w s a ' e r ha ha s ar t r ni De rme ofCore tons(< pa t nt rci ç VDOC' polc howe r onl alws a one-o t i h be r ' iy, ) ve, y lo f urh nc ad. Ale nai l i Ba diwihest gr w hi be r l rt n t t hei hous i a nita i tr tvey, f ya s o o s a d onge ha ha , s ed n dmi sr tve s e ton- wih a gr aty d r as s peofprvie s f rf ii t f l w t polc Afe egr ga i t e l ec e ed co i l ge - o alng o olo he i y. tr o ye r i s gr ga i he be omes e i bl f r a sgnm e t a s i housng uni wihi ne a n e e ton, c lgi e o s i nt o pecal i t t n VDOC (the864Uni )wheeprs r whodir gadt goomi polc f rlgi ras tt f' r ione s se z he r ng iy or ei ous e ons m a r t i t f l s ope of ge r l popul ton prvie s D e e nt a gue t t t s y e a n he ul c ne a ai i l ge . f nda s r ha hi a r nge e s ts i RLU I ' s rc s r tny s a r r a m nt a i fes PA S t i t c u i t nda d. Thi m a t ri p e e l be o e t Cour o De e nt M o i n f r Sum m a y J s te s r s nty f r he t n f nda s' t o o r udgm e . nt ECF N o.1 Ba difld a r pons ,ECF No.20,a t m at ri no rpe f d s ii 5. ya ie es e nd he te s w i or iposton. Conc udi t t D e e nt ha not m a t r qui ie s i t de RLUI , t Coul l ng ha f nda s ve de he e st how ng m r PA he ' t DENI W I ES THOUT PREJUDI t Def nda s M o i f Summa y J CE he e nt ' ton or r udgmen ast t t o he RLU I cl i yECF N o.1 butG R AN TS t M o i ast t Four e nt A m endm e c a m . PA a m ' 5, he ton o he te h nt l i 1. FA C TS l c nsd rn amo inf rsl r j d me tac u t s c n ie t ef csa d d a n o ie ig to o l mmay u g n, o r mu t o sd r h a t n rw a lr as bl i e e es i t lghtm os f vor bl t t non- ovi pa t M a s hia El . l e ona e nf r nc n he i t a a e o he m ng r y. t us t ec l .Co. ZenihRa o Cop.475U. 574,58 ( 986) seas M LC Aut .LLC. Town ndus v. t di r , S. 7 1 ; e lo o. v. ofS. nes 53 F. 269,273( hCi. Pi , 2 3d 4t r 2008) . H as n Ba di f a ya , onne l know n asRona d A r ha t i a M us i . ora ry l e r, s lm On boutFe ua y 24, br r 201 Ba dic s d s vi hi be r f r r lgi r a ons St f a t Augusa Core tona 2, ya ea e ha ng s a d o ei ous e s . a f t he t rci l Ce tr($ ' g vehi adie or rt s vehi be r whih he r us d t f l Att ne çACC') a m rct de o ha s ad, c ef e o olow. he tme,VDOC Opeai Pr ed e 864. (1 864.5 pr bie t gr h ofbeadsunls a i rtng oc ur 1 tOP 1) ohi td he owt r es pr s r r c ved a m edi alexe pton. Se ECF N o. 1 1 a 1 A s a r s t of hi r f s l t i one e ei c m i e 6- t 0. e ul s eua o s ve,s a f a AC C c r hi wih di obe ng a or r On M a c 23,201 s a f c r d ha tf t ha ged m t s yi n de . rh 2, t f ha ge hi aga n w ih r f i t s ve and f ii t a de by O P 86 1. i on of i a spl c d B a di m i t e us ng o ha a lng o bi 4. Pr s fci l a e ya i a i s r tve s gr ga i f hi non- om pla e, a l n dm ni ta i e e ton or s c i nc but lowed hi t l ve i he w oul s ve m o ea f d ha hi be r Ba s a d. yadiha no s ve hi be r a hast r m aned i s gr ton,al i i t e s t ha d s a d nd hus e i n e egai bet n hr e difr ntc r tona fciiis trtACC,t n W alns Rige Stt Prs (û RSP' 7a fe e oreci l a lte : is he le d ae ion tW ' nd ) c rnty Re Oni Stt Prs (i ure l d on ae ion 1 ROSP' .Dee ntM ahe i t wa d n ofROSP a ' fnda ) t na s he r e nd De e ntHi ei aV DOC Re ona Die t . f nda nkl s gi l r cor B a dif ce a num be ofr s r c i ns i s gr ga i t ta pr s ne i ge r lpo a i ya a s r e ti to n e e ton ha i o r n ne a pul ton doesnot Hi rs et t motonf sl r j . s epons o he i or t mmay udgme tsaest themus we ra ornge n tt ha t a n a jl ui,c n s r onl t e tmes pe wee a ca s nd onl $1 pe wee a t t mps t a howe y hre i r k, nd n pe y 3 r k t he com m i ar on non- ood iem s. ECF N o. 19 at 2.H e al o cannot partci e i t M uslm ss y f t s i pat n he i rlg o sl c o F ia (u a ) c n o itrc wi oh rM u lm p io es a d c n o eiius ewie n rd ys J mu'h , a n t n ea t t te si rs n r, n a n t h w or t ea n m oney.1 a 6.Prs r ar no pr c ude how e r f om e r ng g d c nd t k o r d. t i one s e t e l d, ve , r a ni oo o uc tm e (ba ed s e y o t r us lt c pl w ih gr m i s a ds' ECF N o.1 1 a 11. i t s ol l n he ef a o om y t oo ng t ndar . ' 6- t On Augus 20,201 VDOC a nde OP 8 1 a lwi a1prs r t gr abe r t 2, me d 64., lo ng 1 ione s o ow ad upt onef t i h i lngt SeeL. a 1 Pr uma ybec us Ba i no wilngt ti o -ourh nc n e h. d t 0. es bl a e yadi s t li o rm a hi be r t o -ourh i h,he ha r m ane i s r gai n snce M a c 23,201 To ma s a d o ne f t nc s e i d n eg e to i rh 2. nage prs r lke B a di V D OC ha e t bls t 864 U ni a W R SP ( o hous i a e t ta e i one s i ya , s s a i hed he tt t t e nm t s ha r no compla wih g oom i sa r bas d on t i r i o 'ECF No.1 a 2- Prs ne si nint t r ng tnda ds e her elgi n.' 6 t 3. i o r n t 8 Uni r c ve t s m e be ft a s r c a pr s r i t g r l popul to he 64 t e ei he a ne is nd e vi es s i one s n he ene a a i n; Ba dis ksatanse t t st t ya ee r f r o hi mi. l i no e y t obt n a i son t t 86 Uni .û t has be n t pr c i snce t t s t as o ai dm s i o he 4 t t l e he a tce i he c e ton of t uni t r uie i a e t r m a n i s gr ga i f r o yea a t r r f i t rai he t o eq r nm t s o e i n e e ton o ne r f e e us ng o c pl w ih g oo i s a r be or be ng co i r d f r as i e t t s hous ng uni., om y t r m ng t nda ds f e i ns de e o s gnm nt o hi i t. , l l (mphass a d) Ba i a oa hi hi oneye rn ves r i s r to buthi d. e i dde . yadi s ppr c ng s - a nni ray n egegains s ta f r i not a s e e afe he r a hes t s mie t r ns e s s ur d ven tr ec hi lsone.Def nda s a r t tçgl Ba di e nt ve ha ûif ya c hoos t be i non- om pla e w ih t g oom i polc f one yea untlM a c 23,201 es o n c i nc t he r ng i y or r i rh 3, a L he rfecsgood be vi whiei s r ton,t n hema be ei bl f ata frt nd f el t ha or l n egegai he y lgi e or rnse o t a h u ig u i t b d s c i a albe'ECF No 1 a 6 (mp a i a d d . re ty t ee h t o sn nt f e pa e s v ia l. ' . 6 t e h ss d e ) Cu rn l, h r i no a l bl bed s e i t 8 Uni. d. t4. s vaia e pac n he 64 tl a Ba i f t r a l es t t t o y dif r nce be w e n hi and t prs r c r nty yad urhe leg ha he nl f e e t e m he i one s ur e l ho ed i t 864 U ni i t the i whie a t y a e A fi a A m e i a Ba i a l s t the us n he t s ha s t nd he r r c n- r c n. yad lege ha 1Thi fPrctce'i notrcor i anysaut, r aton, wrtenV DOC polc t ha be pr e e t t st a i ' s e ded n tt e egul i or it iy hat s en es ntd o he Cour. t and t e pr s r do not s ve f s m ia r i ous r a ons butBa hes i one s ha or i l r elgi es , yadii noti t uni a s n he t nd t ar hey e. I. I LEG AL STAN D AR D Summayj me i pr rwheetheei noge neis ast a maei fc a r udg nt s ope r i r s t nui sue o ny tral a t nd te mo i g p ry i e t ldt j d me ta amatro lw. Fe .R.Ci P.5 () A g n ie h v n a t s ni e o u g n s t te f a ' d ' v. 6a . e un is ofm ae ilf c e sswhe a r to lf cfnde ,co i e i t e d nc i t sl ma y s ue tra a t xit n ai na a ti r nsd rng he vi e e n he l m r j g n rc r c ud fn i fv ro ten n mo igpat. c i De tfno 5 7U. 5 7 ud me t e o d, o l i d n a o f h o - vn ry Ric v. s ea , 5 S. 5 , 58 ( 00 ) S mmayj d me t h udb e tr di t eCo r tn s atrasr p o srve o 6 2 9 . u r u g n s o l e n ee f h u ti d , fe c u ulu e iw f terc r ,ha n ra o a l j r c ud rtr av r itf rten n mo i p ry S eEv n v. h e o d t t o e s n b e u y o l eu n ed c o h o - vng a t. e a s Tec Applcains& Ser .Co. 80F. 954,959 ( h Ci.1 .Themo ng pa t beast h. i to v , 3d 4t r 996) vi ry r he bur n t esa ih et r t a e e of a ge ne is of ma e il f t o t a e of de o t bls ihe he bs nc nui s ue t ra ac r he bs nce e denc t s vi e o uppor t non- ovi pa t sc e. LC Aut ,532F. a 281 t he m ng ry' as M o. 3d t . 11 1. AN A LY SI S Ba yadipr e s t o c ai s i t co pl i t one t de t EqualPr t c i Cl us of es nt w l m n he m a n : m r he o e ton a e t Fouree h A m e e , a a he und RLU I . he t nt ndm nt nd not r er PA 2 A . EqualProt i Cl m ecton ai Ba di a l ges bot r c a a r lgi ya le h a i l nd e i ous di c i i to i vi a i n of hi Equal s rm na i n n ol to s Pr e ton r g s i hi e us on f o t 86 U ni a W RSP be a e he i an S t ot c i i ht - n s xcl i r m he 4 t t c us s d hodox or W hie SunniM us i ' w hie d f i n- e i n M usi s'a e i ude ECF N o.1 4. t lm ' l i rca Am rca A lm ' r ncl d. 2Ba a r fr nce t Fis Am e e o i hi Com pl nt s e ECF N o. 1a 5 (tlitf i e ecsn hi ai , e y di ee e s he rt ndm nt nce n s t s anif s x riig s p d is Ame d n rg t t p a tc h sr l i n o Ilm b g o n ab ad.) b tt i r f r n e l si t e mid e l r t n me t i h ' o r c ie i ei o f sa y r wig e r ' , u h s e ee c i n h d l z g ' e of hi dic son of t s bsa i bur n on hi r lgi e r ie a VD OC' pur t c s s us i he u t ntal de s ei ous xe cs nd S pored ompelng sae li tt i eess-elm e s of a RLUI cli butnot ofa Fis Am e e cai .Fu t r or ,elewhe e i t ntr t-- e nt n PA am rt ndm nt l m rhem e s r n he Com pl ntheale t tprs ofk i svi aedRLUI i e h ofhi tle cam s 1 a 2. r or t Cour ai lges ha ion f al olt PA n ac s lr e li . d. t The ef e,he t de i t c tue t Compl ntt as e ta Fr Exe c s c a m . en i t Cour w e e t c t u t Com pl nt clnes o ons r he ai o s r ee r i e l i Ev f he t r o ons r e he ai t r s a Fis Am e m entcai ,t Co twoul g a D eenda s m o i on t cl m bec e t Fourh o aie rt nd l m he ur d r nt f nt' ton he ai aus he t Cic thasu l a sm ia gr m i polc a i ta Fis Am e m e c lnge.Hi sv.S. De t ofCo , r ui phed i lr oo ng iy gans rt nd nt hale ne C. p'. m l 8F.d3 3 3 7( t Ci.1 9 ) 4 3 5 , 5 4h r 9 8. 4 To s c d o t s cai ,Ba di Sd t frt de uc ee n hi l m ya tmus is monsr t t t he ha be n teaed ta e ha s e r t dif r nty f om o he sw ih whom he i s m ia l st t a t tt une lt e t e w a t fe e l r t r t s i l ry iua ed nd ha he qua r a m nt s he r ul ofi e i lorpur e u di c i i ton. l he m a s t s s w i ihe c tpr ee es t nt ntona pos f l s rm na i ' f ke hi ho ng, t our oc ds t d tr n wheh rt e d s aiy i te t n c n b j siid u e t r q st lve o o eemie t e h ip rt n rame t a e u tfe nd r he e uii e l f e sr tny.' Ve v v.W yche,293 F.d 726, 73 31 ( h Ci.2002) ( tng Morion v. c ui '' ne 3 0- 4t r quoi rs Gar ht 239 F. 648,65 ( h Ci.2001 l a prs c e ,t s l lofsr tny i rac v, 3d 4 4t r :. n ion ontxt hi eve c ui s d t r t dipaae te t nt i Se ona y rltd t (ny) lgii t pe ogi l i he he s rt rame s ras bl eae o a whe e tmae nol ca i eess'' nev,293F. a 732( tngSha v. ur 532U. 223,225( :. ntr t.'Ve 3d t quoi w M phy, S. 2001 A 1 t t s pors Ba dis Equa Pr e to c ai i hi uns 1 ha up t ya ' l ot c i n l m s s uppo t d as e ton t t re s r i ha V D OC of i l a e di c i i tng a i t hi . He ha of e e no e de e s a i tc l or fc a s r s rm na i ga ns m s fr d vi nc , t t s i a ot r s t s he wi e, o how t the i s m ia l st t d t t e prs r ale y i t 8 Uni o t t ha s i l ry iua e o hos i one s r ad n he 64 t r ha dic i i ton m o i t s hi e uson fom t 86 Uni.Thes as e to a e i ufi int t s rm na i tva e s xcl i r he 4 t e s rins r ns fce o a o d s mmay j g n .Ba a imu ts tf rh t p ctc n n c n ls r fcu lalg to v i u r ud me t y d s e o t û e i , o - o cu o y a t a l ains s i e t tesa ih i ope motve. W ila v.Ha e 326F.d 56 584( h Ci.2003) seas ha tbls mpr r i ' lims ' ns n, 3 9, 4t r ; e lo W hiev. e 538F. 1 1 ( h Ci.1 )( l or algai i ufiin t a d t Boyl, 2d 077, 079 4t r 976 concus y le tons ns fce t o voi s umma yj r udgme ) Be a e Ba dihass te nohi mo et n concus y alegai , nt. c us ya ubmitd t ng r ha l or l tons t Co tgr nt t Def nda s M oton f Sum m a y J m e on hi Equa Pr e ton c ai . he ur a s he e nt ' i or r udg nt s l ot c i l m B . RLU IPA Cl m ai Ba di a s a l ges t t pr s ofi i s f iur t ac om m oda e hi be r g o t ya l o le ha i on f c al ' a l e o c t s ad r w h vi a e RLU I , whi h m a es sr c s r tny w he prs of i i s i pos s t nta ol t s PA c ndat ti t c u i n i on fc al m e ubs a i l t m s r ec r bl bur ns on f ee e r i e. B e a e i i r e nt t t i s of w ha dn age a e r ove a e, de r xe c s 3 c us t s el va o he s ue c ongr s onala hort t e tRLU I de i f o t Spe ng Cl us a t Com m e c es i ut iy o nac PA rves r m he ndi a e nd he re 3Thehit y a pur e ofRLU I ha be n ampl dic s d elewhe e s e.e. ,Lovel e v.Le ,472 F. sor nd pos s PA ve e y s us e s r , e 2. ac e 3d 14,l 58 (t Ci. 0 6 , n teCo r wil o rp a teb c go n h r. 7 8 -6 4h r 2 0 )a d h u t ln te eth a k ru d ee 5 Clus 42 U. C.j2000c 1b) butc a e, S. c- ( , omme ay a t prs ne c e ha f us d frmor on ntr s o io r ass s oc e a e Co r s ' a hort unde t f r e pr son t n t l te . Se e. ,M a s v.V igi a ng e s s ut iy r he o m r ovi i ha he a t r e. g. di on r ni , 474F. 11 1 ( h Ci. 3d 8, 23 4t r 2006)( susi a lngt a uphol ngt Spe ngClus ba i dic sng t e h nd di he ndi a e ss frt co tt i iyofRLUI a nota esi t Commec Clus ) o he nsiutonalt PA nd ddr sng he re a e . To s a e a pr m a f ci c e unde RLU I ,Ba dim us de ons r t t tt c l ng tt i a e as r PA ya t m t a e ha he hale ed pr cie s tntaly bur ns hi e rie of r i on.42 U. C. j2000c - b) l he i a tc ubsa i l de s xecs elgi S. c2( . f s s ce sul t bur n of pe s son s fs t t g r m e t pr ve t t t bur e o uc s f , he de rua i hit o he ove n nt o o ha he dn n r i ous e r i e i t l as r t i tve m e ns of f rhe i a c pe lng s a e i e e t 42 elgi xe c s s he e t esr c i a u t rng om li t t nt r s . U. C.j2000c - a .W hieCong e sma td t tRLUI bec tued tn fvorofbr S. c 1() l r s ndae ha PA onsr ç a i oad pr e ton of r i ous e r ie'42 U. C. j 2000c 3() t Suprme Co t ha as otci elgi xe cs ,' S. c- g , he e ur s lo de e m i d t tl w m a r i e d cou t t t ppl R LU I ' sanda ds w ih due def e e t t r ne ha a ke s nt nde rs o i y a PA S t r t er nc o te e peinc a d e p rie o p io a dj i a miitao s' Cutrv.W ikn o 5 4 U. h x re e n x e t f rs n n al d nsrtr . te s ' lis n, 4 S. 7 9 7 3( 0 5 , 0,2 20) D e e n s ha notc e t d t tt i ac i ns pl e a s t i bur on Ba di s f nda t ve ont s e ha he r to ac ubsantal den ya ' rlgi e rie,nor c d t y.See Couc v.J be 679 F. 1 200 (t Ci.201 ei ous xecs oul he h a , 3d 97, 4h r 2) (oncudi i a vey smia cae t tplcng a prs r i s r gai f a rlgi l c l ng n r i lr s ha a i ione n eg e ton or ei ousymotva e vi aton of VDOC' g oom i polcy co tt e a s tnta bur n unde i t d ol i S r ng i nsiut s ubsa il de r RLUI . Thee i no dipue a PA) r s s t bout t rlgi motvai f Ba ' aci a he ei ous i ton or yadis tons nd Def nda s ha notques i d Ba ' snce iy.The e or t Cour co l e nt ve tone yadis i rt r f e, he t nc udes t t Ba ha yadi has sat d aprm a f c e ca e. te i ai s The btr n of pe s i now s fs t t D e e n s t s lde r uason hi t o he f nda t o how t t bo h t r vi e O P ha t he e s d 864. and t unw rten r r ent t Bayadi s 1 he it equiem hat pend one year i s egaton bef e bei n egr i or ng e i bl f pl c m e i t 864 U ni a e s ppo t d by a co pe lng s a e i e es pur ue by t lgi e or a e nt n he t r u re m li t t nt r t s d he 6 las r src i me ns l Couc t Fou t Cic t r ce ty co l e t e titve a . n h, he rh r ui e n l ncuded t tpr r vii OP ha e-e son 86 1 s ts i d t RLU I c peli s a e i t r t t t be us t pr f r d e a ton 4. a i fe he PA om lng t t n e es es ca e he of e e xpl na i t onne e t Polcy' r s rc i t s ii he lh a s c iy c t c d d he i s e t i tons o pec f c a t nd e urt once ns a s ed t t r nd how ha t e co e ns a e f t r d by t Polc ' 679 F. d at 202. The e a ton gi by t hos nc r r urhe e he i y. ' 3 xpl na i ven he De e nt i t pr s ntca e i l r l i ntc lt t pr r son e a ton pr vi d t t f nda s n he e e s s a gey de ia o he e-evii xplna i o de o he Fourh Ci c ti Couc 67 F. a 202: t r ui n h, 9 3d t The ( 0jpolc wasi e ntd t fcltt t i ntfc ton ofofe er 201 iy mplme e o a iiae he de iiai fnd s a t pr o e s ey, s c iy,s iai a t e t bls unior gr nd o om t af t e urt mztton nd o sa ih f m oomi ng s a r f of e r i a c r t i Vi gi a D e rm e of Co r c i ns t nda ds or f nde s nc r e a ed n r ni pa t nt r e to ( VDOC)f clte .Harsyl a beadst tc dc a c r ba pr mot a iiis i t es nd r ha oul once l onta nd, o e i n ii a i wih ga ,c eae a he t hygi ne or s nia i haz r o c d de ttc ton t ngs r t alh, e a tton a d, r oul s gnii a l c pr i e t a lt t i e iy a of e r a e nota l e i f c nty om om s he biiy o d ntf n f nde r low d. ECF No.1 1! 6.Dee a st n me i wihoute a to a t t efc on VDOC' 6fnd nt he nton, t xplnain s o he fe t S c pe lng s a e i e e t ,t t V D OC r vi e O P 864. i Augus 201 t alow of e r t om li t t nt r s s ha e sd 1n t 2 o l f nde s o gr abe r upt onef t i hi l t L. a !7. ow ad o -ourh nc n engh. ds t , D e e nt ha not a e s d how t r vi i of OP 86 1 a f t t co pe lng f nda s ve ddr s e he e son 4. f ec s he m li na ur of t s i ntfed s a e i e es s i a al.The r s on a t e he e de ii t t nt r t , f t l evii ppea s t a f ct s e of t s r o f e om he e s a e i e e t a notot r .For e m pl ,a pr bii on l r be ds lke Ba t t d nt r s s nd he s xa e ohi ton onge ar i yadis w hie ' l a l ng s r e be r s il i plc t s t i e e t i con r ba c ea m e a hea t a lowi ho t r a ds tl m i a e he nt r s s n t a nd onc l nt nd lh nd hyg e atl a tt a lm ied e e .The r vie polc ho ver do nots m t add e st i ne, e s o i t xt nt e s d i y, we , es ee o r s he pr e of ga i ntfca i s nc ga m e b r c d per i s bl g ow a one f t i h obl m ng de i i ton i e ng m e s oul m si y r - ourh nc be r i or r t sgna t i ga m e be s p.Furhe m or ,D e e nt ha not of e e a a d n de o i l he r ng m r hi t r e f nda s ve f r d ny j tfcai frt oneyea s r gain perod beor a prs ri ei bl t e e t 8 usii ton o he - r eg e to i f e ione s lgi e o ntr he 64 U ni.These exam pl hi i t f t D ef t es ghlght he act hat endant have nott s aken t turr ar e s ep he c tem kabl t 7 ofpr di a e a ton f t polc s r t i tons' Lovel c v.Le 472 F. 1 4, 1 ovi ng n xpl na i or he i y' es rc i . ' ae e, 3d 7 90 ( hCi. 4t r 2006)4 . D e e nt ha a s ne ec ed t a g t tS he Polc i t l a tr s r c i m e ns of f nda s ve l o gl t o r ue ha k t i y s he e s e ti tve a f t rng t co pe lng gove m ne t l i e e t t t t y i ntf ' Couc 679 F. a 20 ur he i he m li r n a nt r s s ha he de iy.' h, 3d t 2 ( tng42U. C.j2000c 1( ( ) TheFourh Cic ta knowldge t tt e r lcic t ha cii S. c- a)2). t rui c e d ha û ve a ruis ve s hel t t t gove nm e , i t RLUI c e , t a d ha he r nt n he PA ont xt c nnot m e t is bur n t pr e t de o ove l a t es r srcieme n u e si d mo sr tsta i h sa t l c n ie e a d rj ce t eet c e titv a s nls t e n tae h t t a cual o sd r d n ee td h fka y y of ls rsrci meaur s beor ado i t c le d pr cie.' 1 a 203 ( tng e s etitve s e f e ptng he halnge a tc '' d. t cii W as dirv.W oodf d, 8F. 989,999 ( h Ci. rol e or 41 3d 9t r 2005) W ahi onv.Klm, F. 27 ; s nct e 497 3d 2, 28 (d Ci.2007) Sprt v.R..De tofCor.482 F. 33,41( s Ci.2007).TheFourh 4 3 r ; at 1 p' r, 3d 1t r ) t Cicui c le t s r quie e t l e i e i lg of t sa ut s pl i lnguag ' i , a r t a ld hi e r m n i nsbl n i ht s he tt e' an a e,' d. nd i c t d t tt Supr e Cotr ha r r d t s a oa h i o he s rc s r tny c e s I ndi a e ha he em tt s equie hi ppr c n t r t i t c u i ont xt . d. The Fo t Cicui s o d s r of c pl t y e urh r t t ppe ho t om e el ndor i t r quiem e i pos d by ot r s ng he e r nt m e he c r uis bu di no e t t d e ha r r d t t t gove nm e ,c it nt w ih t RLU I i c t , t d t ha û w ve equie ha he r nt ons s e t he PA s a u or s m e a know l dge a gi s e c i r ton t l s r s r c i a t r tve .'l t t t y che , c e nd ve om ons de a i o es e ti tve le na i s ' d. D e pie t s diec i ,t r i no di c son i W a de M a he s a fda t o i Def nda s s t hi r tve he e s s us i n r n t na' f i vi r n e nt ' breft tt c r n g oom i polc i t l s r ti tve m e nsofpur ui c peli s a e i ha he ur e t r ng i y s he ea t esr c i a s ng om lng t t i eet.s nt r s s 4 Ba dipr s nt s ver a g ent a t why t sae i e e t oferd by Defnda sae notcompeli . As t ya e e s e al r um s s o he tt ntr ss f e e nt r lng o tesc rt c n en , eag e ta sac igab adij s a es a sac n p c esa ta p oo rp n a h eu i o c r s h r u s h t erhn e r s u t s ay s e rhig o k t nd h t h tga hig y ber ij t se s a p oo rp i ace ns a e fc . No 1a 5 Asfrteh at a dsntt nc n e , ad s usa ay s h tg a hng la -h v n ae ECF . t . o h e l n a i i o c ms h ao tep io c mmisr sl harcr p o u t a dh sae h c ud s mpo hsb adj s a h s mpo shs h rs n o say el i ae r d cs n e tts e o l ha o i e r ut s e ha o i s hai.l Fe ae safm e be swea l hai e y da and he ague t tl har o hi f c i no m or ofa r d. m l tf m r r ong r ver y r s ha ong i n s a e s e s ey is I Fi l and pe ha mos sg t a l t t VDOC ha esa ihe t 864 U ni whe e t aft s ue. d. naly, r ps t ini nty, ha k s tbls d he t r he gr m i polcyi note o ce u r i st sae i er t i s curt he t a i ntfc i ECF No.1 at oo ng i s nfr d ndem ne he ttd nt ess n e iy, alh, nd de iiaton. 9 3. 5Ba dia g st tt c r ntpolc i nott l s r srci m ea bec us VD OC coul c e t a t 86 ya r ue ha he ure iy s he ea t e titve ns a e d r ae noher 4 Uni a ROSP.He sa es t tROSP a W RSP ar a c t t r ly i ntcala t tt housng uni wher he a tt t t ha nd e r hiec u a l de i nd ha he i t e nd 8 Be us De enda sha notme t i bur n ofpe s son,t Cour de e wihout ca e f nt ve t her de rua i he t ni s t p eu ieteM oi n frS mmay J g n o Ba a isRLUI A cam . e Co r o e v s rj dc h to o u r ud me t n y d ' P li Th u t bsr e , asdi t co ti Couc t t'hi rs ti noti onsse wih (he oblgai t dee t t d he ur n h, ha û s eul s nc itnt t t l i ton o fr o he t wid m a dj d me to p io o fcaso matr o sc rt . nt i c s , h Prs n Ofiil s o n u g n f rs n fiil n tes f e u iy l h s a e t e io fcas s m pl f ie t pr de a e a ton t whi h t s c r co d de e .Tha e a ton,w he i y a l d o ovi ny xpl na i o c hi ou t ul f r t xpl na i n i comes wilbe af de duedef e e. 679 F.d a 204 (ntr lcttonsa puncuai t , l for d ernc ' ' 3 t i ena iai nd t ton omitd) te . Couc s t a hi s a r f t e de h es gh t nda d or he vi nce a a gum e r quie t c pl wih nd r nt e r d o om y t RLU I ' s r c s r i t t Suc pr s d a e s ' he f asbiiy of i pl m e i a PA S ti t c utny es . h oof houl ddr s ç t e i lt m e ntng rlgous e eii xempton or dic s) whehe ghe rque td a commodai i iaelj t i s us g t r t e se c ton) mplc t s he i ntfed heat a s c iy c de ii lh nd e urt once nsi t Polc ' I a 204.The Cot tofe sdef nda sa r n he i y.' d. t u' f r e nt n o r uniy t s i s h pr i s ppo t t o ubm t uc oof n uppor ofa Se t cond M oton f r Sum m a y J m e t s d i o r udg n , houl t y de m s h am oto pr f r bl t a evi nta y he rng. he e uc i n e e a e o n de ir a i I . V RE M EDIES A . D am ages l te Co lit Ba a irq et ij n t r l fa wel srle i t ef r o iiig n h mpan, y d e u ss n u ci ei s l a eif n h o m f ' ln ve e t f s& c tcoss& $1 'ECF No.1a 2.The Cou tmus t r f e dee m i i Ba may ee our t 000. ' t r t he e or tr ne f yadi s k m one a y dn a on t RLU I c a m , sonl s wi ng cl i .Fo t r s s tf t ee t r m ges he PA l i hi y ul vi am r he ea ons e orh bel , Ba di c nnot r c ve da a ow ya n e ei m ges whet r he i s ng D e e an s i t i of i a o he s ui f nd t n he r fci l r i vi ndi dualcapacii .6 tes t ot rti ae wih l hai and l be r ' a e c r nty hous i RO SP i sm ia t t Iyoutoft he he çnm ts t ong r ong a ds' r ure l ed n s i lr o he a he c r t864 Uni atW RSP.Thus hea gue t tVD OC coul e iy e tbls anoher864U ni a ROSP a a or uren t , r s ha d asl sa ih t tt nd cc d teeimae g n rl o uainp ii g s uta te d a WRS Dee d ns c re tmoinma e n rs o s h s n ts e ea p p lto rvl e j s s h y o t P. fn a t' u rn to k s o ep n e e t Ba ' a gum e . o yadis r nt 6 De e t a gue i t r bre t t y a e e il t q lfed i muniy. ECF No. 1 a 9 1 Quaiid fndan s r n hei if hat he r ntted o uaii m t 6 t - 0. lfe i uniy,howe r i a afr ai defns a lbl onl t ofk i s s i t i i vi lca ii ,s mm t ve , s n fim tve e e vaia e y o f al ued n her ndi dua pactes ee 9 The Su e Cour has he d t t sae s r i n i pr me t l ha t t ove e g mmuniy ba s a cli f dn t r am or mage s unde RLU I a i t a s a e o s a e ofi i s i t i ofi a c pa ii .Sos a on v.Te s r PA ga ns t t r t t tc al n he r tci l a c tes sm xa , 1 S.Ct 1 ,1 ( 1 ( di t tCongr sdi nota ogaesaes veeg i 31 . 651 660 201 ) hol ng ha es d br t tt o rin mmuniy t i pasi RLUI t r or dn ecli a i tt saea ebard) Edema v.J da n sng PA; heef e, mag ams gans he tt r re ; l n or n, 41 U. 651 663( 974)(;( ) nt a ton i i ese eo f t r oveyofmone fom 5 S. , 1 $tW he he ci s n s nc ne or he ec r yr t s a e t s a e i t r a ,s t nta pa t i i e e t a i e il d t i he t t , he t t s he e l ubsa i l r y n nt r s nd s ntte o nvoke is s r i t ove e gn i niy fom s i e n t h i vi lofiil a enomi ldee nt.' ( i Fod mmu t r ut ve houg ndi dua fcas r na fnda s'' quotng r ) Mot Co.v.De tofTr s y,3 U. 45 464( 945).Theef e,ot e e tBa s e or p' eaur 23 S. 9, 1 ) r or t he xtn yadi e ks dn age a i t D e e nt i t i of i a ca c tes s a e s r gn i m uniy ba s s h m s ga ns f nda s n he r fci l pa ii , t t ove ei m t r uc r le . ei f St t s egn i ae over i mmuniy doe no ba s t ag i tofii si t i i vi lc pacte . t s t r uis ans fcal n her ndi dua a iis Se Haf v.M eo,502U. 21 30- ( 991.TheFou t Cic t howe r ha hel t twhe e er l S. , 31 1 ) rh rui, ve , s d ha n t ej rs it n lbai f ra RLUI A s i i te S n ig Clu e p an if ma n t se h u idci a ss o n o P ut s h pe dn a s , litfs y o e k m one da a y m ges aga ns ofi i l i t i i vi l ca c tes be us t s a ut doe no i t t c a s n he r ndi dua pa ii ca e he t t e s t f r s c e r no i e of a cong es i u nih l a t c r s onali e t a l s h dn a s R e l a v.Rous ,569 nt nt o low uc m ge . nde m n e F.d 1 2 1 9 ( t Ci.2 9 .Th oh rp si eba i frfdea j rs ito i Co ge ss 3 8 , 8 4h r 00 ) e t e o sbl ss o e rl u idcin s n rs ' Com m er e Cl us a ho iy,butt r i no s a e e i t Com pl i t tDef nda s a tons c a e ut r t he e s t t m nt n he a nt ha e nt ' c i a f c e i er t t c m e c D a age a e t una ia e aga ns t D e e nt i t i f e t d nt s a e om r e. m s r hus va l bl i t he f nda s n he r i viua c ciis Se Br v. y,6 F.Supp. 292, ( . Va 201 ( clni t ndi d l apa te . e own Ra 95 2d 298 W D. . 0) de i ng o co i r w he he dn a woul be a l bl i a RLU I pr s ns de t r m ges d vaia e n n PA i oner c e a i t of i a s i as ga ns fci l n t i i vi c pactesunde t Commec Clus whe c antdd notriet is . her ndi dual a ii r he re a e n ompli i as he sue) Ri p t v. .o Go en r M a s l Un v,4 7 F.d 29 3 6 ( t Ci. 00 )( iig Ke t c v Gr h m, 7 d ah Bd f v r o s rhal i . 4 3 2, 0 4 h r 2 6 ctn n u kv . a a 4 3 U. l 9,1 56 ( 9 5) a d i i p lcbe wh n o fcas ae se i t i o fca c g cte .Th Co r S. 5 6 -7 1 8 ), n s na pia l e fiil r u d n her fiil a a iis e u t de em i s howeve ,t i nee no a e squalfe i uniy ori wha c ciy Ba dil s ng Defndan s t r ne , r hat t d t ddr s iid mm t n t apa t ya s ui e t bec us Ba a e yadicmm otr c veda a whehe hehass d De e nt i t rofk ilo i viualca ii . e ei m ges t r ue f nda s n hei t a r ndi d pactes The Cour gr nt D ef nda s M oton f Sum m a y J t a s e nt ' i or r udgm e t a t Ba di s r ques f n s o ya ' e t or da a . m ges B. I unci Relef nj tve i N e t r s a e s r i i m uniy nor qua ii i m t iy,ho e r ba s c a m s br ihe t t ove e gn m t lfed m m t w ve , r l i ough t a an to fcasi tero fca c p cte s e ig o y p o pe tv ij n tv rle .Ex Pa t g is fiil n h i fiil a a i s e kn nl r s cie nu cie eif i re Yo 209 U. 1 55- ( 908) c r ed o anaro e e i t t r et tsat ar ung, S. 23,1 56 1 , a v ut rw xc pton o he ul ha t es e ge r l i m une f om s t hol ng t ts a e s r i n i m uniy doe notba a ca e ofa ton ne aly m r ui, di ha t t ove e g m t s r us ci s ki onl pr pe tveij tverle.209 U. a 1 5 1N et rdoesquaiidi miy ee ng y os ci nunci eif S. t 55-6. ihe lfe mmt t b rp o pe tv ij n tv rle. eM enesv. i o Ka s s 3 9F.d 1 2 1 3 (0 hCi. a r s cie nu cie eif Se i r Unv. f n a , 5 3 2 2, 23 1 t r 2004) (i lfed i touaii mmuniy a ples t cams f mo tr r i a ns ofi as i t r t p i o li or neay elef gai t tcil n hei idviu lc p cte , u i i n tad fn ea an tcamsf rij n t rle a an t fi il i n i d a a a iis b tt s o ee s g is li o n u ci eif g is o tcas n ve t i ofiilca cii .)( tngFrnk v. i 1F.d 1 7,1 ( Ci.1 ).Ba ma her fca pa tes' cii a ' Reln, 3 31 327 2d r 993 ) yadi y t u c n iu t p ru ij n tv rle . h s o tn e o u s e n u cie eif CO N CLU SIO N Be a e B a di ha o y s m a iy as e t d t t Def nda s vi l t hi Equal c us ya s nl um rl s re ha e nt o a ed s Pr e ton r g s t Cour gr nt D e e an s M o i f r Sum m a y J ot c i i ht , he t a s f nd t ton o r udgm e a t t Equal nt s o he Pr e ton cl i . ot c i a m The Co ta s gr nt Def nda s'm o i a t Ba ' r ques f m one a y ur l o a s e nt ton s o yadis e t or tr r i unde RLUI Ba disRLUI cli fri unci rle s vi Dee nt'moto elef r PA. ya ' PA am o nj tve eif ur ves fnda s in, how ever,because t have notm ett r st ut y bur ofper uasi The Courtt deni hey hei at or den s on. hus es t m oton a t t s o c ai . he i s o hi ne l m The Co tof e s Def nda s a opporuniy t a es t s v vi RLU I c a m i a ur f r e nt n t t o ddr s he ur i ng PA l i n Se ond M o i f r Sum m a y J c ton o r udgm e due 30 da fom t e r oft sor r I t sm oton, nt ys r he nt y hi de . n hi i 1 The rtonal of Ex Pa t Younz i t t s er g i muniy i i ende t pr ec t sae f ai e re s ha ov ein m t s nt d o ot t he tts' unds fom r e p n i r. fh we e,h panifse so l ij n tv rl ft srto aefri nt i n ti l ae x e dt e I, o v r te litf e k ny nu cie ei ,hi ain l o mmu i s o mpi td. u e y c De e nt s ul add e swhe he t c r ntOP 864. a t t it n one ye s gr ga i f nda s ho d r s t r he ur e 1 nd he mwrte - ar e e ton r r ent f her com peli s at i er t pur ued by t l t r t ctve m eans i equiem urt lng t e nt es s s he eas esri i , n conf m iy w ih t r rem ent of Couch.I Def or t t he equi s f endant s i t r M oton f Sum m ar s ubm t hei i or y J m e ,Ba udg nt yadiw ilha 21 da i whi h t t l hi r pons .D e e nt w ilt n ha 1 l ve ys n c o i e s es e f nda s l he ve 4 da t tl a r y,s d t y de ie ys o i e epl houl he s r . An a o i t or r s l e e t sda ppr pr a e de ha l nt r hi y. ' rz . Z y rh EN TER :Thi - J ' da ofM a c , 201 s ' 3. -z 7 r ( g'o ' z h -on. l Jam es C.Tur k x l je orUnie SttsDititJ e ni td ae src udg 1 2

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