Mason v. Warden of Sussex I State Prison, No. 7:2012cv00412 - Document 15 (W.D. Va. 2013)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge James C. Turk on 03/26/2013. (kab)
Download PDF
<![CDATA[
n FRK: OFFS t.S. SI COURY CE ) DI . , ATRDANOKL VA FI ED L I THE UNI N TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT FO R THE W ESTERN DI STRI OF VI NI CT RGI A R O AN OK E DI SI N VI O MA2 26 2 1 23 um c. x BJ t- cu K . x H E Y DE fy/ : P L' ér JOHN M I CHAEL M ASON C ase N o.7: c 00412 12- v- Pe ii r, t tone M EM OM NDV M OPI ON NI . W ARDEN O F SUSSEX lSTATE PRI SON , By:Jam esC.Turk Seni Unied St esD i t ctJudge or t at s ri Res ponde . nt Peii r J Miha M a on (i tto r'or k aon') pr ee ng pr s ,fld a ttone ohn c el s d iine' d s '7 oc di o e ie pe M Peii f aW rtofHa sCor plrua t 28U. C.j2254. No.1. ponde fld tton or i bea pus zs nt o S. ECF Res nt ie a M oton t D i m i s ECF N o.4,a Pe ii rhas tl d a r pons .ECF N o.1 A c or ngl i o s s, nd ttone ie es e 2. c di y, t ma tr i now rpe f d ii Fo t r s saed bel Res nden ' M oto t he te s i or ec son. r he ea ons t t ow, po ts in o D i m i si G R AN TED a t Pe ii f a W rtofHa asCor i D I I s s s nd he tton or i be pus s SM SSED . 1 . Fac ua and Pr edur B a t l oc al ckgro und M a o wa tid beo e aj r i te Cic i Co r f rte Ciy o S a n o a d wa s n s re f r u y n h rut u t o h t f t u t n n s co cedofmur ri t frtde e i vi ain ofVa.Codej 18. 32,a us ofafr am nvit de n he is gre,n olto 2- nd e ie r i t co sin ofaf ony,i vi ai ofVa.Codej 18. 53. ECF No.6,Ex.1a 2.He n he mmiso el n olton 2- 1. t w a s nt e t lf pl t e ye r i pr s .1 l . Vi w e i t lghtm os f vor e t t s e enc d o ie us hr e a s n i on d e d n he i t a abl o he Commonwe 1h,s e J c on v.Vicni,4 U. 307,31 ( 979) t e de pr sntd a at e a ks r i a 43 S. 9 1 , he vi nce ee e t ti li d c i d bel w .2 r a s es r be o 1 l a s rae bench ti , M as w a f n epa t ral on s ound guit of poss sng a fr m whie a convi ed ly es i iear l ct f o i vi a i ofVa Co j l 2 3082, nds ne e t fveye r i prs ECFNo.6 Ex.1 eln,n olton . de 8.- . a e tnc d o i a s n ion. , . 2The f s ar ada ed fom t Vigi a Cour ofAppeal'or r denyi M as spe ii f act e pt r he r ni t s de ng on' tton or a pe l M a onv.Co p a. s mmon at o Vigi a No.2 3- - ( .Ct App.Ap .l 201 ) atc e a we 1h f r ni, 58 09 3 Va . r 3, 0 , ta h d s Exhi t 2 t ECF No.6.Addii bi o tonalf t w e e t n fom t tmony at ti ,as s f t i t t al ac s r ake r es i ral et orh n he ri ta c it( e en fe tlra Tr' , c i apa t ter or be o et sCou t Se ECF No.1 rns rp h r ia tr d-il .) whih s r of h ec d f r hi r. e ' 4. 1 A . Fac soft Of e e t he f ns The vi i ,A m a Bus had e d he r l tons p wih M a o on a Fr da e ni , dm nda h, nde r e a i hi t sn i y ve ng a t m m de oc ur e on a Sunda O n Sunda a t r nd he r c rd y. y fe noon,J s e J da a m i ,t tfed t t e s or n, nor es ii ha M a on a rve i hi ve ce a t J da r i nce i Stunt n,wher Am a wor d as a s r i d n s hil t he or n esde n a o e nda ke nnn A c or ng t J s , A m a ny. c di o es e nda m e M a on out i e t g t m one a a rng f o hi . t s sd o e y nd i r m m J da s a ed he s w t t o a gui whie t we e s a ng nea M a o svehi l H e s w t or n t t a he w r ng l hey r t ndi r s n' c e. a he vi tm la ove lke s wa getng i t ve ce a t n,ashel d bac a hi sblngsi ci e n r i he s ti n he hi l nd he ooke k t si i n t hous he he d a d ng' fo o sde.J da saed t tM a on quikl r n a ound t he e, ar d ba ' r m ut i or n tt ha s c y a r he ve c e goti o t drve ' s a a dr a y a f s a he c d,l a ng t pas e rdoo hil , nt he i rs e t nd ove wa s a t s oul e vi he s nge r ope He t n s w t vi tm l ng i t sr tbl e ng.A wom a drvi o t s m e sr e n. he a he c i yi n he tee e di n i ng n he a te t t tfed M as a m os s nl k he ve c e a he s a a a t ts kne i w asM as She es ii on l t t c r hi l s ped w y nd ha he w t on. a s i entfe hi ou of a pho o lne- s was s l o d ii d m t t i up he hown by polc A c or ng t s ve a i e. c di o e r l wines e ,t s i oc ur ed s ty be or 3 p. . t s s he hootng c r horl f e m M a o w a l t a a ound 8 p. . ha s m e e ni a o m a e y a t e hour d i s n s oca ed t r m t tn ve ng, ppr xi t l hr er ve a y. sca ha bee i aoneve cea ci nta tahal- l fom l e sae77,us of t wa Hi r d n n - hil c de bou fmie r ntrtt j t f he l t V igi a e t St t Tr as r ni xi . a e oope H oron,w ho had r pore t t s e of t ac i r t e t d o he c ne he c dentafe i tr t wa phone i t polc f und M as a e ta a ke be nd t whee ofhi ve c e whih s d n o i e, o on l r nd wa hi he l s hil , c ha gone of t r a wasi a we dy a e Dtrng t sop,M a on le t Tr rHoron d f he oad nd n e r a. li he t s id o oope t a bout t s ce of t bl od f he our he o ound on t pa s nge sde door of t ve c e t li hi i he s e r i he hi l , e lng m t be o d t M as s br he . Tes s l t r r vea e t t t bl l nge o on' ot r t a e e l d ha he ood on bot t ca door a h he r nd nda' DNA. At t tme of t ta fc sop, Tr s 3 he i he r fi t M as ' pant cont i Ama on s s a ned ooper H oron t r ecovered f om M ason' pers t m ur weapon,whi w as a gun t bel r s on he der ch hat onged t M as s o on' 3The DNA anal tt tted t t chanc t DNA had com e fom anyone ot t Amanda ys es ii hat he e he r her han wasone i gr at t 6. bilon.TralTr a 200n e er han 5 li i .t 01. 2 moh r l rc r d tlp o ec lsM a o ma ewhi hewa i j i,Ma o a mi e h soe t e . n e ode ee h n al s n d l e s n al s n d t d e tl t hi m o he ' gun, a he di c s d t pos i lt of a di c s t rs nd s us e he sbiiy voi ng onvi ton by as e tng a ci s ri n i a iy-ype def ns orcl i i t the w a on a dr a t tm e oft s i 4 ns n t t e e a m ng ha s ugs t he i he hootng. l a ton,t i aes t sii d t t M a o dic s t i i ntwih t m .Ga y n ddii wo nm t e tfe ha s n s us ed he nc de t he r Fr s t tfed M a on br gge a ut t kilng,he di no s ee esii s a d bo he li d t how r mor e,a he dic s d e s nd s us e çbe tng' he c r sby pl di i a t Fr esa s t sii d t tM as s i hewihe he ha ç a i 't ha ge ea ng ns niy. e lo e tfe ha on ad s d d kil d a c l w ho m a ha wine s d t i i t Anot r i a e,J m e Fa s a s t tfe le hid y ve t s e he nc den . he nm t a s ni , l o esi i d M as s i t1t d t bic Iw a go ng t kilhe . gue s s di n' be i ve m e ' on a d, d ol he t h s i o l r 1 s he d t le .' B . ProceduralBackground Afe beng c c e i t Cic tCour f t Ciy ofSt on,M a o a a e hi tr i onvit d n he r ui t or he t aunt s n ppe l d s c n ito st t eCo r o Ap aso Vig na (CAV'.On a p a,herie sx a g me t. o vcin o h u t f pe l f r i i û i ' ) p e l as d i r u n s Fi s ,he a gue t tt t i co te r d i a itng a da hboa d s v lanc c m e a r c di rt r d ha he ral ur r e n dm t i s r ur eil e n r e or ng of t t a fc s o durng w hi h t m tr r w e pon w as f und. Se he r f i t p i c he tde a o cond, he c le d t ha l nge he s fi in y o t eCo n at se ie c a t t efrtd g e mu de c ag a dt ej r s u tce c f h mmo we l vd n e s o h is- e re r r h r e n h u y' h' fndi ofpr m e t ton.Thid, c e d t tt ti c ta e is di c e i by de ng i ng e dia i r he ont nde ha he ral our bus d t s r ton nyi hi m oton f a mitilba e on ar m a k by t pr e ut rdurng cosng a gt nt .5Fourh, s i or sra s d e r he os c o i l i r une s t he pos t d t tt ti lco te r d by no a itng c r a n e de e oft vi entr l t o hi ie ha he r a ur r e t dm ti e t i vi nc he ol e a i ns p be w ee vi tm a M as a s ii ly,e de t ts w e on prorocc s ons t vi tm t n c i nd on, nd pec fca l vi nce ha ho d i a i , he c i 4N et e t a di r c r n ofM a on' ph e c lsfom j i n rt DVD s o ng Ho t a ih r he u o e o digs s s on al r a l o he h wi ron t t s ne oft acci and t ki M as i o cusody ha been pr ded t t sCour,norwer t he ce he dent a ng on nt t ve ovi o hi t e hey ta crbed as par oft ti tans rpt Ther was,however some t tm ony concer ng bot and t r ns i t he ral r c i . e , es i ni h he Cour r i on t tt tm ony. t eles ha es i 5 The Pr ecut m ade t sat e t tW as t e any - a evi os or he t em nt hat t her ny dence of any r tonal ai e a i ast why t sdef xplnaton o hi endants f outt lf ofAm a Bus ...'TralTr.a 33- Def e nufed he ie nda h ' i t 34. ens couns m oved f a m iti ,contndi t t sat el or sral e ng hat he t ement i pr l s fed t bur n of pr t m opery hit he de oof o M as l at333- The ti cour i plcil deni t moton f mit i ,butalo i medi el gave on. d. 35. ral t m i ty ed he i or sral s m at y ac ai i tu to t t u y.d. t33 urtve nsr c in o hej r l a 5. had a s uledM as a heha notr c e physc ly a al. fh, a guedt tilcour e r d sa t on nd d ea t d i a l t l Fit he r he ra t re b r f sn t gv hsp o frdj r i snlto s Sxh a dfn l , eag e ta tetilc u t y e u ig o ie i r fee u y n t cin . it n ial h r u d h t h ra o r y ere by fndi hi guit ofpos es i ofa fr a m afe ha ng be n c c e ofa f l rd i ng m ly s son ie r tr vi e onvit d eony. Se ECF No.6,Ex. TheCAV de e hi peii f a alonAprl1 201 L. Mas t n e 2. nid s tton or ppe i 3, 0.da on he . a ae t t Su e Cour ofVigi a (t ',whih as rf s d hi peii fra al ppe ld o he prme t r ni ( SCV' ) c lo e u e s tton o ppe on M a c 28, 1 ECF N o. Ex. rh 201 . 6, 3. The ea tr M as fl a sa eha sc puspe ii i t Cic tCour f rt Ciy of r fe , on ied t t bea or tton n he r ui t o he t St nt i whih he r ie t ee i fe i a s sa e ofco elcli .ECF No.6,Ex.4 a au on, n c a s d hr ne f ctve s itnc uns a ms t 2- Tha pe ii was de e ECF N o.6,Ex. a t SCV s e nty r f e t pe ii 3. t tton ni d, 4, nd he ubs que l e us d he tton f a lonJ 26, 2.Z a 21 or ppea une 201 J t . On A ugus 30, 201 M as tm e y f l d hi pr e f de a ha as c pus pe ii n i t 2, on i l ie s es nt e r l be or tto n whih he r iesf cli .ECF No.1 Thefr ti acli t tt r wasi ufi i nte denc c a s our a ms . is s a m ha he e ns fc e vi e ofpr m e t ton a t hi c ci on t fr tdeg ee mur erc r s d be va t d. e dia i nd hus s onviton he is- r d ha ge houl cae The r m ani t e cai s a1a lge t thi tila t ne r r d i f ci a ssa e i e i ng hr e l m 1 le ha s ra tor ys ende e nefe tve s it nc n f ii t i tga e a pr s n a i oxi a i n de e e a i f ii t pr e c r a n a lng o nves i t nd e e t n nt c to f ns , nd n a lng o es nt e t i e de ei s vi nc n uppor ofs hadefns .Se ce r l j s s t uc e e e nealy . Reponden fldanAns ra M oi ê t ie we nd ton t D im i s w ih Su r i Bre , ECF N os 4- a M a o has r s nde ECF N o. o s s, t ppo tng i f . 6, nd sn e po d. Re ponde c ede t t M as n hasexha t d t c am s i hi Peii a t t t y a e s nt onc s ha o use he l i n s tton, nd ha he r pr l bef e t sCourt ECF N o.6 at4. opery or hi . 1. I St andar ofR e e d vi w Fede a c t c r l our s onduc ha as c pus r vi w of s a e c vi tons e pl ng a ç g y t be or e e t t on c i m oyi ç hl hi def r nta s a r f e l tng s a e- our r lngs w hi h de a t t s a e c utdec s ons e e i l t nda d or va ua i t t c t u i , c m nds ha t t - ot ' i i be gi n t be ftoft dou .'De on v.Kele ,682 F.d 3 344- ( h Ci.201 ve he ne i he bt' vt lr 3 40, 45 4t r 2) (iai n o te ) Th ,p ua tt t rf r o te An i ro im a Efe tv De t ctto mitd . us ms n o he eo ms f h tt rrs nd fcie ah e Pe ly Ad (E nat S AEDPA' ,afdea ha sc tma o yg a tha a r le ç t r s c t a ' e r l bea our y nl r n be s eif t h epe t o ny ) wi cam t a wa a j dc td o t e meis'i sae c u ti t esae c u ts d cso wa ( ) li h t s du iae n h rt' n tt o r f h tt o r' e ii n s 1 ' ont a y t or i ved a un e s bl a i a i of c ea l e t bls d Fe r l l w , as ç r r o, c nvol n r a ona e pplc ton , l ry s a ihe de a a deemi d by t Suprme Co toft Unied Stts'28 U. C.j 225 d)1 ,or( û s tr ne he e ur he t ae , ' S. 4( () 2) t wa bas o a unr a o bl dee m i ton oft f t i lghtof t e de pr s ntd i t ed n n e s na e t r na i he ac s n i he vi nce e e e n he Stt co tpr e ng. 28U. C.j2254( () Devo 682F. a 345( i sme . ae ur oce di ' ' S. d)2 ; tn, 3d t quotng a ) A s a e c tdec son i tc r r t 't Su em e Cour ' cl ry e t bls d pr e nt t t our i i s i onta y o' he pr ts ea l s a i he ec de i ( )t saecour û ri sa ac usonoppost t t tr a hedbyt Su e Cour a a f 1 he tt tt rve t oncl i a ie o ha e c he prme ts matroflw'or( t saeco tic r t f t t taemaei l i si s bl fom a te a ' 2) he tt ur donfons acs ha r traly nditnguiha e r r e nt Supr e Cour pr c nt a a rves a a r s t oppost ' t t t r a he by t el va em t e ede nd r i t e ul ie ' o ha e c d he Su e Cour. iln v. yl ,529U. 362,405( ) pr me tW lims Ta or S. 2000 . Si ia l a s a e c t de i i c tt es a S ea o bl a i a i ' of c e r y m l r y, t t our c son ons iut n û unz s na e pplc ton' lal esa ihe fdea lw i t sae c t( )i ntfest c r tl lnze bu u e ona y tbls d e rl a f he tt our 1 de ii he orec ega l t nr as bl a is i t t f t oft pa tc a ca e;( t eaona y e e a lga prncpl fom pple t o he acs he riulr s 2) mr s bl xtnds e l i i e r Supr me Cour prc ntt a ne c e whee i s d nota y;o ( tmr a ona y e t e ede o w ontxt r t houl ppl r 3) i e s bl l r f e t e e t t pr nc pl t a ne c e whe e i s d a y. l a 407. The e us s o xt nd ha i i e o w ont xt r t houl ppl ' d. t ' û pplc ton mus be S j tvey t ea ona e''beor aco tma grntha a r if Re c t iai a t obeci l mr s bl ' f e ur y a be s ele. nio v.Let559U. 766,1 S.Ct 18 18 ( 0) Tha i,Cgl queto underAEDPA i no t, S. 30 . 55, 62 201 . t s tthe sin s t w he he a f der l c tbe i ves t s a e c r ' de e m i ton w as i or e t but w he he t t t r e a our le he t t ou ts t r na i nc r c t r ha d t r i ton w a unr s bl - a s t nta l hi he t e hol ' Sc lio v.La i n, 550 e e m na i s ea ona e ubs a i ly g r hr s d.' lrr ndr ga U. 465,473( S. 2007) A fdealc tma no dit bt s j . e r our y t sur he ound udgme oft saecour a nt he tt t nd fnd d n unr s i t a ea onabl a i a i off de all unl s t sa e co ts de i i n le w e lout i e pplc ton e r aw es he t t ur ' c s o i s l sde t boundai ofpe misbl dif e esofopi on. Tiev.J on,647 F. 8 1 ( h he res r si e fernc ni ' c ' ohns 3d 7, 08 4t Ci. 1 (ntr lq ttonmaksomit .l t fr goi sandad Csdifc tt me t t t r 201 ) i ena uoai r ted) f he o e ng t r t fiul o e, ha i i be a e i w asm ea t be ' H a rnc o v. t c e , U . s c us t nt o .' r i t n l i ht r S. - 111. - , 1 S.Ct770,78 ( 1. 31 . 6 201 ) A nal s ofM as s Cl m s ysi on' ai A . Cl i O ne suf i i nc o t Evi am fc e y f he dence W ih r ga d t M a on' c le t t s fcinc oft e de e he ti e ild t t e r o s s ha lnge o he ufi e y he vi nc , çs ntte o habe c pusr le i i i f as or ei f f t s ound t tupon t r c d e de e a ha he e or vi nc dduc d a t tilno r tona e t he ra ai l tirof f c c d ha f nd pr ofguitbe re a t oul ve ou oof l yond a r s bl do ., J kson v.vi i a, ea ona e ubt , ac 6 m ni 443U. 307,324( 979) W is n v.Gre 1 F.d 396,405- ( h Ci.1 .I ed,çhe S. 1 ; lo e ne, 55 3 06 4t r 998) nde t t J c on i uiy doe notf us on whe he t ti r of f c m a t c r tguitor i ce e a ks nq r s oc t r he r e a t de he or ec l nno nc de e m i ton,but r t r whe he i m ad a r tona de i i t c t r na i a he t rt e a i l c s on o onvi t or a qui. He r r v. c c t' r e a ' Coli ,506U. 3 402( 993)(mphai omit . lns S. 90, 1 e ss ted) Hee t ee ie ece ry s p o t t tt ej r ma ea rto a d cso t c n c o r , h vd nc la l u p rs ha h u y d ain l e iin o o vit n t fr t de ee m ur r c r a i pa tcul r t r w as a pl e d nc t s por a fndi he i s - gr de ha ge nd, n ri a , he e m e vi e e o up t i ng t tt mur rwasprme tt The CAV,i rj ci t ssmea g nti M a on' diec ha he de e diaed. n ee tng hi n r ume n s s r t a ppea,c r c l s tf t t Vigi a1w c l or e ty e orh he r ni a once ni pr media i r ng e tton: Ed- pr media em e nst a t'o e l tt a o dopta s ii i e t kil a t ti pecfc ntnt o l, nd ha s wha ditnguihes trt a s c t si s i s nd e ond deg e mtr r'' Kiby v. r e zde ,' r Com m o e lh, 5 Va. A pp. 691 700, 653 S. 2d 600, 604 nw a t 0 , E. ( 2007)( tngRe ncon v.Co quoi mi t mmonwe lh,26 Va.333,35 at 2 2, 551S. 2d 620,632 ( ).Suc i e tl ednote s f a E. 2001) h ntnt éne xit or ny s c t e l ng h oftm e pr ort t a t kilng;t de i t kil pe ii d e t i i o he c ual li he s gn o l m a be f m ed onl a m o e be or t f t l a t i c m it y or y m nt f e he a a c s om ted pr de t a us d ha tm e t t nk a di i e t ki1'' ovi d he cc e d i o hi nd d nt nd o 1 .' Re i ron,262 Va.a 35 5 S. 2d a 63 m nkt t 2, 51 E. t 2. 6 Thi Courts r vi oft evi nce i lmied t t r d evi e. Herer v.Coli ,506 s ' e ew he de s i t o he ecor denc r a lns U. 3 ,4 ( 99 . S. 90 02 1 3) ECF No,6,Ex,2 a 3. t Addii l t f c q si ofwhe he a mtr rwa pr media e i tonaly, he a t ue ton t r lde s e ttd s 'n te p o i eo t ej r . I ( ing Ep el v.Co n at ,2 4 S. 2 8 2 8 2 ( . d h r vnc f h u y' d. ct i ' i p rv mmo we lh 9 E.d 8 , 9 Va 1 8 :. 92 M a on a g , n r s et t motont dimis t tt Com monwe lh pr e e no s r ues i e pons o he i o s s , ha he at es nt d diec evi nc 'oe an e cl how (hevci wa f al s ta t tMas wa wihout r t de e t xpli xa ty t t itml s atly ho nd ha on s t a do t d e r ' r pons bl f r her de t ' ECF N o. 1 a 3.He c a m s t tt G r c ubt he m ns ea es ie o a h.' 2 t l i ha he ç e t di e de e' i t ca e Go y s w s a a g e occ r d;t s t of a sngl guns t he d, vi nc ' n he s ç nl ho n r um nt ur e he o md i e ho ar a t o e v in ofM a o la ng t se o t s i 'L Whiei i tue t tno nd he bsr ato s n e vi he c ne f he hootng.' i l t s r ha w ines t tfed t t M as s oppe f a m om e t t t nk a t s i hi vi tm be or t s es ii ha on t d or n o hi bou hootng s c i f e doi s t t t ng o, ha ype of e de vi nce i not r qui e t s s e r d o uppor a tndi of pr m e t ton. Se t i ng e dia i e Re i on,5 S. 2d a 632. m ngt 51 E. t Con r r t M as s a g e s t n, a as t CAV co r c l obs r d, t r w as ta y o on' r um nt he nd he r e ty e ve he e a e e i e c i t e rc r t s p o tt ej r ' tn ig ta t e mu d rwa p e di td. mpl v d n e n h e o d o u p r h u ys i dn h t h r e s r me t e a l d e a t tc u t oe ,h j r ma c n i e an mb ro f co sa b a igo wh t e t e n e d, s ha o r n td te u y y o sd r u e f a tr s e rn n eh r h kilng wa pr media e i l ng t de e nts lck of r mor e a efo t t a d li s e tt d, ncudi he f nda ' a e s nd f rs o voi d tcin. No 6 Ex. a 3 (ingEp el 29 S. 2 a 8 2 , CAV' r ctt nof h ee to ECF . , 2 t ct i p rv, 4 E.d t 9 ) The S e iai t e o s uppori e de ,a welas a tona e de e ofr c d,pli y s tng vi nce s l ddii l vi nc e or anl howst tt j y' ha he ur s f ndi ofpr m e t ton w a r tonal See J c on,443 U . a 324;He r a 5 U . a 402. i ng e dia i s ai . a ks S. t r er , 06 S. t Fis o al Ma o o tie hsmoh rsg n(h ltrrp re i soe )a d to i wih rt f l, s n b an d i te ' u s e ae e o td t t ln n o k t t hi w he he w e t m e t A m anda. The e w a e de m n nt o e r s vi nce t t M as had l f Am a ha on et nda a voi e ai o herphone i t ea l m om i ho son t da oft s i i w hi h he s a ed, cm l n n he ry ng ur he y he hootng, n c tt ç1 hope you di ' Tr al Tr at 101.M or ; e.' i . eover,afer a w iness t t m ur saw M as and t t o he der on A m anda ar ng by M ason' vehi e and t gui s cl hen hear t guns , he obser d he hot ved M ason i mmedit l feet s ne.M a o s f t re f t t a d de e ton i l a ey l he ce s n' urhe fors o voi t c i ncuded l ng t Tr pe yi o oo r H oron a t boutt s ce oft bl f und i hi vehi l Addii na l a not d by t CA V , he our he ood o n s c e. t o ly, s e he (j tpercor ngsoftlpho cal g as ma whiehewa in a e di ee ne ls M onj de l s i j i,( e a mitd h so eh smoh rsg n a d h d su s d n al h ) d te e tl i t e ' u , n e ic s e t pos i lt of va i def es t t c r s.I a ton,t o he s biiy r ous ens o he ha ge n ddii w i tstsiid t tg as dic s d t i i ntwih t m. nmae e tfe ha M on) sus e he ncde t he GayFr e t tfedg as brgge a utt kilng,g )di not r e s esii M onj a d bo he li he d s r more ( )dic sd l ai 't c r by pla ng how e s , he suse t tng' he hages be e di i a t a he s a e he w i he he ha kil d a c l who m ay ns niy, nd ttd s d d le hid ha winese t i de .J mesFa st tfed g a o s i çl ve t s d he nci nt a ni esii M s nl ad,( t d t bic lwas goi t kilhe .Igues s di n' be ive ol he t h ng o l r s he d t le nAe. ECF N o.6,Ex.2 a 3t 4. The CA V ' co i r ton oft r co d e de e i t s c e,alhough on diec a S ns de a i he e r vi nc n hi as t r t ppea , l w as c it nt w ih t J ks s a r f ha as r vi w .7 The CA V corec l sa e t ons s e t he ac on t nda d or be e e r ty t t d he applc bl V i g ni l w r ga di pr m e t ton f r pur es ofes a i hi tr tdeg e m ur r i a e r i a a e r ng e dia i o pos t bls ng i s - r e de a d ctd t t e e i e c i t s c s t a s p o td t ej r s fndn .Ths Co r h s n n ie o h v d n e n hi ae h t u p re h u y' i ig i u t a o difc t c udi t tisr i wa net r(c ta' t ...clary e t bls d Fe r llw, fiuly oncl ng ha t ulng s ihe çon r l o y e l sa ihe de a a asdee m i byt Supr tr ned he eme Courr nora ( ea o bl de e na i oft f c sbef r i.' t' ' nk unr s na e t nni ton he a t o e t' 28U. C. 2 5 ( De o 6 2 F.da 3 5 Th Colt o ld s t rf r ,h tMa o i n t S. j 2 4 *; ytn, 8 3 t 4 . e t c ncu e ,heeo e t a s n s o r en il d t ha asr i on hi tr tc a m . tte o be elef s is li B . Inef ectve A ss s f i i tance ofT ri CounselC l m s al ai 1 St . anda f Eval i l f c i A s i t e ofCouns lC l m s rds or uat ng nef e tve s s anc e ai M a on' r ai ng t r e c a m sa laleg t thi t i la t nw yspr vi d co tt i ly s s em ni h e l i l l e ha s ra to o de ns iutona l i f e tve as i t nc of c ne f c i ss a e ouns . n e ua i i f e tve as i t nc c a m st c tl el I val tng ne f c i s sa e l i he our ookst t o he 1W he a sat shi tcour doesnotr e on t mert, asi t cas he e,a f r cour may t ul he is n t e' ghes s he e r ede al t l t ook hrough t tdecii t t underyi mert opi on.Y 1 v.Nunne aker 501 U . 797,803ha son o he l ng is ni st m , S. 04 ( 99l .Hee a t M a on' frtcam,t un ryig me isopi on i t CAV opnin i hi dr c 1 ) r, s o s s is li he de l n rt ni s he i o n s ie t appeal . fmi a t p o ts d l ae i Src ln v.W a hnco ,4 6 U. 6 8 ( 98 ) S e a l z wo-r ng et ei td n tik a d i ne s i t n 6 S. 6 1 4 . e Knowlsv. iz ya e,55 U. l1 1 23( e M r a nc 6 S. 1, 22- 2009)(dnde t sCour hasrpe tdl a i t ed,hi l t e ae y ppled g tika d t e au t ie fciea ssr c - fc u s l li wh r t eei n oh rSu r me src ln l o v lae n fe tv - sit eo -o e cams ee h r s o te p e Co t prce nt diecl o poi ) Unde Stiklnd, a s ce sul cam f i f tve ur e de r ty n nf'. r rc a uc s f li or nefeci asitnc of c e mus etbls ( )t t c nsls pef ma e f lbeo a obeci ssa e ounsl t sa ih 1 ha ou e ' ror nc el lw n j tve s a r of r as bl ne s s h t t c t nda d e ona e s , uc ha ouns l was no ac i a t co m s gua a ee by t e t tng s he t el r nt d he Sx hAme d n ; n ( )t a b tf rc u e' o j ci l u r a o a l p roma c , h r i it n me t a d 2 h t u o o ns ls be t y n e s n be e f r n e t ee s ve a r as na e pr biiy t out m e oft t i lw oul ha be di f r nt St i kl nd,466 U . e o bl oba lt he co he ra d ve en f e e . r c a S. a 687 . The e i no ne d C o addr s bo h c pone s' r t , i a r vi ng co t t -91 r s e t t e s t om nt '; a her f e ewi ur d tr n st tt ep tto e ' cam fiso ete t ep ro n eo t p eudc prng o eemie ha h eiin rs li al n i r h e fnna c r he rj ie o f h t St i kl nd t s ,t c ts i r m ay s o t r I a 697. he r c a e t he our ' nquiy t p he e. d. t To e t bls d i i ntpe f s a i h efc e r onna e,a pe ii r m us s w t t i ot s m a e r r s nc ttone t ho ha s m el de r o s o c s r ous t t c ei ha ouns lw as notf nc i ng a t ç ouns l g r n e t de e ntby t Si h e ' toni s he c u e ' ua a t ed he f nda he xt Ame ndme . J- a 687.Thi r rs pr t t S ouns ' rpr e ai f l beow a nt' #s t ' s equie oof ha d els e esntton el l n c o j cie sa d r o ra o a e e s' L. a 6 .l fil e auai g a atm e ' c n u t b e tv tn ad f e s n bln s , d t 88 n ary v l tn n to y s o d c, ' a ludiilsr i ...mus behihl deee il a û r ef tg t bema t ei nae j ca cutny t g y frnta, nd f y for musl eve de o lmi t t dit tngefc sofhi i . l a 689;Yab ouc v. ohns 520F. 329,337( hCi. he sori fe t ndsght' d. t ' rr h J on, 3d 4t r 2008) Thus Cc e i sr y prs me t ha rndee a quaea ssa a ma al . ,kouns l s tongl e u d o ve e rd de t s itnce nd de 1 sgnii ntde iinsi t e rieofras bl pr e sona j me . Stiklnd,466 U. i fca cso n he xecs e ona e ofs i l udg nt' rc a ' S. at690. To etbl hp eu ie ap tto rC s s o ta t eei ar a o a epr b b ly, u sa i rj dc , eiine é t h w h t h r s e s n bl o a ii b t s mu t f c or ouns l s unpr e s o l e r r , t r s t of t pr e ng woul ha be n dif r nt' e' of s i na r o s he e ul he oce di d ve e f e e . ' St i kl nd,466 U . a 694.The Supr m e Cour has de i d a ( ea ona e pr rc a S. t e t fne l s bl obabiiy' a ç r lt ' s $ a p o a l ys fiin t u d r n c nfd n ei t eo to . I a 6 4 S e iial,Swl n r b bit u fce t o n emi e o ie c n h u c me' d. t 9 . p cfc ly d he i ' l a def nda c le e nt ha l nges a c onvi to t q s i i w he he t r i a r s c i n, he ue ton s t r he e s ea onabl pr biiy e oba lt t t a e ( uns 'ler s t fcfnde woul ha ha a ras bl dou rs tng ha, bs nt co els ror, he a ti r d ve d e ona e bt epeci guit' l a 695.Howeve,t ti nott s t peiine mus prvet tt j y' ve dit l. d. t ' r ha s o ay he tto r t o ha he ur s r c wo l h v b e dfe e t Gryv. a k r 5 9F.d2 0 2 4- 5(t Ci. 0 8 (e esn a d ud a e e n ifr n . a Br n e, 2 3 2 , 3 3 4 h r 2 0 ) r v rig n a r i g h b a rle be a e te sae c u t i a s si prj d c ,a k d wh te te Su y wad n a e s eif c us h tt o r, n se sng eu ie s e eh r h j r woul ne esaiy'ha rac d adifrntc l in bu frc e' dei e y) Unde t s d c s rl ' ve e he fee oncuso t o ouns ls fcinc . r hi sa d r ,(th l eio d o a dfee t r s l mu tbe s b tn il n tj s c n ev bl. tn a d t q e i l o f ifrn e ut s l k h u sa ta, o u t o c ia e' ' H ar i on,131 S.Ct at792. rngt . I t co e ofa ha s pe ii n,t St i kl nd s a r hasbe n des rbed a ( n he nt xt bea tt o he r c a t nda d e ci st doubl y de e e i l'be us t de e e talr vi w unde A ED PA ove l ps w ih t def r nta s a r f r nta ' ca e he f r n i e e r ra t he e e i l t nda d t rStiklnd.Cule v.Pi se, U. ,1 S.Ct l ,1 1 1( 1.Cours mde rc a ln nholtr S. 31 . 388 410-41 201 ) t m us da pl t t o s a r sm ula ous y r t r t s que i l ' w hi h ç m pos a ve y t c p y he w t nda ds i t ne l a he han e ntaly, ' c ç i es r hi btr n f a pe ii rt ove co e be us t e s a r a e e c ç ghl de e e i l t gh lde or ttone o r m , ca e hes t nda ds r a h hi y f r nta ' o t sae c ts a j c ton a d n t t a y i tnde r viw i doubl s '' he tt our' dudiai nd, whe he wo ppl n a m, e e s y o.' Ri r o v.Br nke ,668F. 1 1 ( h Ci.201 ( i Hari o 1 S.Ct a 788 chads n a r 3d 28, 39 4t r 2) quotng rngtn, 31 .t ) (iai omitd) cttons te . H e e i i undiput d t tt s a e co ta i d t c r c l ls a r sti kl nd r,t s s e ha he t t ur pple he or e t ega t nda d- r c a - t de e mi whe he ti lco e pr de efe tve a ssa e.Thus i or r t be g a e o t r ne t r ra uns l ovi d f c i s it nc , n de o r nt d r le ,M a on m us de ons r t t t t sat c tde a of hi cl i s was a ç e ona e ei f s t m ta e ha he t e our ni l s am n t as bl unr applc ton'oft Stiklnd sa r 28U. C.j2254( () W ih t s prncplsi mi iai ' he rc a tndad, S. d)1 . t he e i i e n nd, t Courtnow t nst each ofM ason' i f i assst he ur o s nef ectve i ance cl m s. ai 10 2. V ol ary l oxi i A s a D efense U nder V i ni Law unt nt cat on rgi a M a on' i f ec i as i t e c ai s al r l t t hi as e to t t hi co e s d s s ne f tve s sanc l m l e a e o s s ri n ha s uns l houl ha i si t d a pr s nt e de ve nve tgae nd e e ed vi nce t s o uppor a volmt r i oxi ton de e e. I t t a y nt cai f ns n eva ua i hi c a m s i i i pora t under t nd t lm ie a i a lt of a vol nt r l tng s l i , t s m t nt o s a he i t d pplc biiy u ay i oxi a i de e e. Spe fca l i V igi a, i oxi a i i onl a def ns t fr t deg ee nt c ton f ns ci ly, n r ni nt c ton s y e e o is - r m ur rC he a pe s n vol a iy bec es s i oxi at d t the i i a bl o de i a i or de k n w ro unt r l om o nt c e ha s nc pa e f lber ton prme tton.'W rchtv.Co e diai ' i mmonwe lh,363 S. 2d 711 71 ( 1 ) l ed,tgl n i at E. , 2 Va. 988 . nde teve n t f e of e de e of e r he ac vi nc xteme i oxi to fom a c nt cai n ' r l ohol or dnz ,t f c fnde m a fnd gs he a ti r y i wilul s pr m e t ton a delbe a i i t r i pr t tt de e an wa ûn f lc r lf nes , e diai nd i r ton f he e s oof ha he f nd t s i ul ontol of hi f c tes a k w exa ty w ha he i e d t do.' Sa no v.M ur a 8 F. 5 ,602 s a uli nd ne cl t nt nde o '' vi r v, 2 3d 93 ( t Ci. 9 6 (iain o te ) Ast F u t Cic iha e pan d 4h r 1 9 ) ctto s mitd . he o rh rut s x li e , gl deemi ng whehe t e de e s in tr ni t r he vi nc uppors a vol ay t untr i oxi to de e e Vigni c rs l nt cai n f ns , r i a ou t ook t t de e nts o he f nda ' be vi be or a afe t of e e. Se e. , Gi r a a v. ha or f e nd t r he f ns e. c. a r t no Commonwe 1h,220Va 1 266S. 2d9 99(98 . e nt at . 064, E. 4, 1 0) Relva be vi s i l e atmpt t co e lt ci s e L. a 1 ha or ncud te s o nc a he rme, e dz t 00 ( i t tdee n kil s o pes i or rt c ea frt notng ha fnda t led ec nd ron n de o onc l is mur e ) a lps oftmebewe n i to ofi o c nt a t d r; a e i t e ngesin ntxia s nd he c i e,s e Hedrc v.W a de 264 V a 486,570 S. 2d 840,851 rm e ik r n, . E. ( 2002) whehe t c , ' t r he onduc oft dee n wa ( a d a t he fnda t s t nne nd pl pur eul'j , a whehe t dee n wa a et e gei pos f y #-; nd t r he fnda t s bl o nga n ' c pl x be vi s s h a o r tng a a o obie s Lil v. om e ha or uc s pe a i n ut m l , ee lv Commonwe 1h,255 Va.558,499 S. 2d 522,53 ( 998) rv' at E. 6 1 ,e d on o he c o t r r unds 527 U . 11 11 S.Ct 1 , S. 6, 9 . 887,1 L. 2d 11 44 Ed. 7 ( 999) 1 . Redv. ue 349F.d 788,800(t Ci. i Tr , 3 4h r 2003) . 3. Cl m Tw o -Couns W asInef ectve f Faii t Inves i e and Present ai el f i or lng o t gat anI oxi tonDee e( at Habe Cl m A) nt cai fns St e as ai I Cl m Tw o,M as cont n ai on endst hi counselw as i ectve f f lng t i tgat hat s neff i or aii o nves i e a pr e a i oxi a i de e e.Spec f c ly,M a on a gue ,ashe di i hi ha a a ton i nd es nt n nt c ton f ns ii a l s r s d n s be s c i n 11 t sae c t,t thi m e ca r c ds a a a tda tfom hi m ot s he t t ours ha s di l e or nd n fi vi r s her howed t the ha ha d d ug a aloholpr blm sa t thewa i oxi t t m o ni be or t i i nta i t r nd c o e nd ha s nt caed he r ng f e he ncde nd n he afe noon afe wa ds.ECF N o. 1 Ex.E,Li M a on Af . s a s ECF N o. 6,Ex. 4 a 6 tr tr r , nda s f; ee l o t ( be c to ni de ci ng Ma on' Cl m A) I he afd t dae Augus 31 2011 ha as our pi on s rbi s s ai . n r fiavi, td t , , M as s m ot r a r t t M a on t a a c e t pr c i d m e ca i a a c ' on t on' he ve s ha s ç s ddi t d o es r be w di ton nd l ohol' he da e o t m ur r a t t on t ni htbe or t s i M as t f he de , nd ha , he g f e he hootng, on ca e hom e ., .e r m el i oxi a e a s a m xte y nt c t d, nd t yed up al ni i 1 ght n t c i wih t tlvii o On Sl y, ghe dae of t he har t he ee son n. mda t t he s i M a o lf myhomee ryt tmor ngit c t a hootng, s nq e4 al ha ni noxiaed, nd s yngwer su f a dh j s r no th d o . c le mei t e ai id t f, n e u t a u te o r He ald n h afe noon,rghta t rt c i e t l ng ou ofhi he 1 c d no tr i fe he rm , a ki t s ad; oul t under t nd w ha he w a s yi sa t s a ng. l kne he w a e r m el w s xt e y i oxi t a di ore e a ve y ir tona a t ttm e. nt ca ed nd s i nt d nd r r a i l t ha i ECF No,1 Ex.E,L.Ma o Af. t! 1 2 Ac o dngt Lid M ao satd vt ho ve, , s n f a ! , . c r i o n a s n' f a i, we r i M a on' a t ys t d he t e f c s w e e d a e us 'f t m ur r a w oul t no s s tonw ol r hos a t r i not n xc e' or he de nd d û do good'i hi c e.ECFNo6,Ex.4a 6,s as L.Ma onAf.a ! 4- M a onnow cl mst t 'n s as t ' ee lo s f t ! 5. s ai ha ad c was de k i nt a t t hi co e wer i f c i f f lng t pur ue a i oxi a i vi e f e nd ha s uns l e nef e tve or aii o s n nt c ton de e e. f ns Th saeh b a c u t ee td Ma o scam f rt i e e d n r a o s ECF No 6 e tt a e s o r rj ce s n' li o wo nd p n e t e s n . ., Ext 4 a 6- 0.Fis,t t c tc l . t 1 r t ha our oncuded t t t cai wa ba r be us i c r dit d ha he l m s red ca e t onta c e M a o s pr o s o n s a e e s t t ti c t whi h he m ad i m e a e y pr e ng t s n' i r w r t t m nt o he ral our, c e m di t l ec di he ti l Se Tr a Tr a 3- At t ttm e,M as t t fe t the had di c s w ih hi a t neys r a . e i l . t 5. ha i on esii d ha s us ed t s tor t e em e s of t c r a wha t Com m onw e lh ha t pr , a pos i e de e es he l nt he ha ges nd t he a t d o ove ny s bl f ns ( c wo d ne saiy i l t dee e of i o c ton,astmi t vea t of hi whih ul ce srl ncude he fns ntxiai sl ng he rciy s mot rsafi vi) a het d t Cour hewa e iey s tsi d wih hi atr ys sr ie . he ' tda t, nd ol he t s ntrl aite t s tone ' e vc s 1 a 4- Reyi on Ande s v.W ade 281S. 2d 885,888 ( 1 1,whih pr bisa d. t 5. l ng ron r n, E. Va. 98 ) c ohi t 12 ha as pe ii r f om r l ng on c a m s t t a e c r c e by hi ow n s or s a e e s be ttone r e yi l i ha r ontadi t d s w n t t m nt dur ng a pl coloquy,t ha s c tco ude t t s cl i c d no pr ee See ECF i ea l he bea our ncl d hat hi a m oul t oc d. No.6,Ex.4 a 6- (ii Ande s andBec v.Ana one 261F. 37 396 ( h Ci.2001 t 7 ctng ron k el , 3d 7, 4t r :. Asd s u s d b l w,ti Co r c ncu e t a te h b a c u tsrj ci n o te cam o i ic se eo h s u t o ld s h t h a e s o r' ee to f h li n t s m e is wa a r s na e a i ton of e si lw,a t i nee no a es whehe t rt s ea o bl pplcai xitng a nd hus t d t ddr s t r he ha a c t pr r y de e ne t t M a o s s a e e t unde oa h pr l be s our ope l t nni d ha s n' t t m n s r t ec uded hi f o m 'm r brng ng t cl m . i i he ai Th sc n ra o o fr db teh be sc u t o rj cigt i cam wa ta t cam e e o d e s n fee y h a a o r f r ee tn hs li s h t he li fie o t meis bot a t t alge f l et i tgae( c t sCour a e s frt ald n he rt, h s o he le d aiur o nvesi t whih hi t ddrses is) a t f iur t pr s ntt de e e The ha s co tnot d s ii ly t t alhough M a o nd he a l e o e e he f ns . bea ur e pec tca l ha , t sn a l ed a f iur t i tga e hi a l ge i oxi a i he ac leg a l e o nvesi t s le d nt c ton, know l dge t thi a t ne i f c e d ha s tor ys n a t ha t r l va i or a i n pr ort ti , i l ng t m e c r or .ECF N o.6, 4 a 8. d he e e nt nf m t o i o ral nc udi he di al ec ds Ex. t 8 Thus he f l d t de o ta e w ha ad tonal i s i ton w oul have r ve l d o how i , aie o m nsr t t dii nve tga i d e ae r t woul ha atrd t out me oft til I. ( i Bea rv.Tho o 93 F. 11 d ve lee he co he ra. /.quotng ve a mps n, 3d 86, 11 ( h Ci.1 94 4t r 996)(çle ton ofi equae i tg ton doe notwarntha s rle ç lgai a nad t nvesiai s ra bea eif a e a pr f ofwha f vo a e e de e ort tmony woul have be n pr bs nt ofer t a r bl vi nc esi d e oduce l. Thi d' ) s a one doom s M a on' c a m ,be a e i i hi bur n t e t bls bo h Sti kl nd pr l s s li c us t s s de o s a i h t r c a ongs l e . nde d, tt ihouta s c f c a fr a i s w i ofw ha t m i s ng e de e ort s i ony w oul ha dw t pe ii , f im tve ho ng t he s i vi nc e tm d ve be n, l ha s c t c nno e n be n t a y Sti kl nd' s a r ' be a e dt i ve y e a bea our a t ve gi o ppl r c a s t nda ds c us i s r difc t t a s s whe her co e ' pe f m anc w a de i i nt a nea l i pos i e t f i ul o s e s t uns l s r or e s f c e , nd ry m s bl o d tr n wheh rt epei o rwa p eu ie b a yd fce ce i c un e ' p ro ma c .' ee mie t e h tt ne s rj d c d y n eiin is n o s ls ef r n e' i ' 8ASt eha a c u t lor c gnie , a o sme c lr c d çli nohigt e tbls t the h be s o r as e o z d M s n' dia e or s ddd) t n o sa ih ha was i oxi ed and unabl t f m t i entt comm i frs degr mur on t da oft s i ' nt cat e o or he nt o t it ee der he y he hootng. ' ECF No.6,Ex.4 at8. 13 Ande s v.Coli ,1 F. 1 ,1 5t Ci.1 )( i Unie Stt v.La ,9 ron lns 8 3d 208 221( h r 994 quotng td aes ne 26 F. 694,70l (t Ci.1 ).l s t t Cour c nnotc l t tt ha s c ts 2d 7h r 991) n hor, he tn oncude ha he bea our' de i i n- ie. t t M as f l d t e t bls i f e tve a s sanc ba e on a i de t c so . , ha on aie o s a ih ne f c i s i t e s d n na qua e i s i t o w asa unr s bl a i a i n off de a l w . nve tga i nn ea ona e pplc to e rl a Si ia l as t c m l ry, o ouns l ' de i i n not t pr e a vol t r i oxi a i de e e,t e s c so o es nt un a y nt c ton f ns he habe cour ra ona yf no dekinc orprj c Asnotdby t ha sc ttg nce as t e s bl ound t e y eudie. e he bea our,doq couns i a el s ppoi ed t r pr s ntpe ii r c nt o e e e ttone , ouns lha c nt olove t pr s nt ton oft ca e, e s o r r he e e a i he s and i was f co elt de de t be tdef ns sr t gy.Se Townes v.Com m onw e lh,362 t or uns o ci he s e e tae e at S. 2 6 0,6 7 ( .1 8 )' ECF No 6 Ex 4 a 1 l d e ,t d cso rg r i wh c E.d 5 5 Va 9 7 . ' . , . t 2. n e d he e iin e adng ih ar m e st m a a w ha e de e t pr e a t i lle w ihi t di c e i ofti lcou el gu nt o ke nd t vi nc o es nt t ra i s t n he s r ton r a ns . Gonz e v.Unie Stts 5 U. 242,249 ( alz td ae , 53 S. 2008) yl v.llnoi,484 U. 400,41 ;Ta or li s S. 8 ( 988 .Thi r er c z st c e t oft lw a sa t i ra oft rght a 1 ) s ul e ognie he omplxiy he a t tke,he mpo tnce he i s t s a f t a c ed,a t pr c i a ne e s te oft i l The Supr e Cour ha e ai d: t ke or he c us nd he a tc l c s ii s r a . em t s xpl ne N um erous choi af ectng conduct of t t al i udi t ces f i he ri , ncl ng he o j cin t ma e t wi e s s t c l,a d te ag me t t b e to s o k , he t se o al n h r u n s o n ad nc de nd notonl upon w ha i pe m i s bl t de t r e va e, pe y t s r s i e m r he ul s ofe de e a pr ed ebutalo upon t c i lc i r to of vi nc nd oc ur s a tca onsde a i ns t m om e and t l r rs r t gi pl n f t t i l Thes m a t r he nt he a ge t a e c a or he ra . e te s ca be dit c t t e a n t a l ype s a t r r i a l n fi ul o xpl i o a r on; nd o equie n 1 i t nc t t t y be appr ved by t cle c d rs ns a es ha he o he i nt oul i k c pr m i i t efk i i a f ines t tt ti lpr es i om o sng he f enc es nd a r s ha he r a oc s s d sg e t prmoe l e e csn p o e so a j d me t e in d o o t. n x r iig r f sin l u g n , m or ver t a t r y dr w s upon t e r i e a e r e e eo , he to ne a he xpe ts nd xpe i nc t t m e be s of t bar s ul brng t t t i pr es .l m os ha m r he ho d i o he ral oc s n t i t nc s t a t ne w il ha a be t r unde s a ng of t ns a e he tor y l ve te r t ndi he pr ocedural choi t t clent or at l t t 1 shoul so ces han he i ; eas he aw d assunAe. Gonza ez 553 U . at249- 0. m i ton oft t i lr c d s st tM as sti la t ne l , S. 5 Exa na i he ra e or how ha on' r a tor ys com port t sel w el w ihi t boundsofpr essi com pet ed hem ves l t n he of onal ence. 14 Addii ly,t de ii n nott pur ue t de e e m us be co i e i lghtoft tona l he c so o s he f ns t nsder d n i he e ie r or att i l H e e M as s t i la t ne w e e f ce wih t t tm ony ofhi m ot r ntr ec d r a . r , on' r a tor ys r a d t he es i s he , on t one ha t tM as w a s ve el i oxi a e w he he l f t hous i t m or ng and he nd, ha on s e r y nt c t d n e t he e n he ni c l d he i a i oxi a e sa e a notma ng s ns i me ael f l ng t crme.l i ale r n n nt c t d tt nd ki e e m di t y olowi he i ts pl us bl t tt m ot r st tm ony,as um i i was c it ntw ih he a fda ta be i ved a i e ha he he ' esi s ng t ons s e t r f i vi nd le b tejty wo l h veb e s mee i n es p o t ga itxiaind fns . tt q e to y h t , ud a e n o vde c u p ri n n o c to ee e Bu he u sin r n be or t s Cou ti w he he c f e hi r s t r ouns w a defc e f f ii t ca lhe a puton t tde e e. el s i i nt or a lng o l r nd ha f ns On t spoi ,t Cour e s l c ude t tt ha s c ts c l i n t tco e w a not hi nt he t a iy oncl s ha he bea our ' onc us o ha uns l s de i e w a nota unr s bl a i ton ofes a i he f der ll w . fci nt s n ea ona e pplca i t bls d e a a H e e no a tda tf om t i lc r, fi vi r r a ouns ha be n pr e e s t Cour does no kno t el s e es nt d, o he t t w he pr c s r as t tc e i e e on ha ouns le ec ed no t pu s a i oxi a i def ns N o t e s t r c d e l t t o r ue n nt c ton e e. ne hel s , he e or pr vd s a e j tt to f r t a d cso ,pat ulry i lg t o t e a p ia e lg l o ie mpl usi in o h t e iin ri al n i h f h p lc bl e a ka c sa r unde whi h C t nda d, r c t couns li noti f c i me ey bec us heoverookso sr t whie e s nefe tve r l a e l ne taegy l vi lnty purui a he . W ila v.Kel 816 F. 939,950 (t Ci.1 7) s as gia l s ng not r' lims ' lv, 2d 4h r 98 ; ee lo Unied Stt v.Luc 611F. 1 1 (t Ci.201 (uoi Stiklnd,466U. a 68 t aes k, 3d 83, 86 4h r 0) q tng rc a S. t 9, a notngt tûll dee n mus ..vec t prs mptont tt rpr s ntton t gh nd i ha tthe fnda t t .o rome he e u i ha he e e e ai mi t bec i rd s tilsrtgy.' I t sc s ,t ha asc ur corecl rcogniedbot t t onsdee ound ra tae '' n hi a e he be o t r ty e ) z h ha t t s i ony of t de e nt s m ot r w o d ha be n of dubi a tona va ue a t t he e tm he f nda ' he ul ve e ous ddii l l nd ha t r w as s gnii a r or e denc t t c r c ed s h a c a m . Bot of t e f t s he e i f c nt ec d vi e ha ontadi t uc li h hes ac or sr y s tongl uppo tt ha asc tsc l i t tc r he be our ' onc us on ha ouns lw a notdefc e f f lng t pur ue e s i i nt or aii o s t de e e,a M as ha no pr e e e de e t ove co e t pr um pton t t i w as a he f ns nd on s t es nt d vi nc o r m he es i ha t sound ti stat nott pur ue i. r al r egy o s t 15 The ha s c ts e a ton o t spoi i co nta w o t r ie a i i f l bea our ' xpl na i n hi nt s ge nd r h e t r tng n ul : g hef tt tpeii rsmot ralge t ye r afe he s ' Fl ac ha ttone ' he le s wo a s tr r on w a s t nce t lf pl e ght ye r i pr s e t t he w a s en e d o i e us i a s m i onm nt ha s i oxi t d a t tm e oft s tng c s f ltl a c nt ca e t he i he hoo i ount or i te nd ouns l e w a not i f e tve f m a ng a t tc l de i i n no t ha he s ne f c i or ki ac i a c s o t o ve r t tf a ti l l e t t tm ony ofpe ii r s m ot rm us be es iy t r a . nde d, he es i ttone ' he t e ua e 'i lght of t po e i l bi s i r nt i s h val t d ûn i he t nta a nhe e n uc t tmony. Hufi t v. t 1 F. 5 581( h Ci.1 ) esi ' fncon Nuh, 40 3d 72, 4t r 998 ' (ii Romeo v.Ta v,46 F. 1 ctng r ns 3d 024,1 ( 0t Ci.1 030 1 h r 995) (e tmo yo d fn a tsfmi me esi o ls v l ta t a tsi n f e e d n ' a l mb r s f e s aue h n h t y ofobeci winese ) Guletv.Anno r t 894 F. 208,31 j tve t s s; lt ntou, 2d 0 ( h Ci.1 8t r 990)(esi t tmony ofwie C d i alpr ba lt not f t woul n l o biiy h v c a g d t e v r ito te j r gv n (ej ...o viu a e h n e h ed c f h u y ie h r b os bi ') Morove,t co e i ofpeii rsmot rt the as' . e r he ntnton ) ttone ' he ha r s n w as i oxi t d a t tm e of t s tng i be i d by t o nt ca e t he i he hoo i s le he ot r e de e pr e ed a t i l A lhoug t pr c i i dnz he vi nc es nt t r a . t h he es rpton g Xana wasf x ound i t tunk oft peii r sca asd pit d o n he r he ttone ' r e c e n t vi ot pe f o Tr pe Hor o s c i e , t pettone he de a rm oo r t n' nzs r he ii r a ted heha notbee usng t dr Thi unde c shi a hi dmit d n i he ug. s r ut s nd s m ot r s c r nt co e i n . . . M or ove , t pe ii r t d he ' ur e nt nto e r he ttone ol Horon t t he sat drnki a e t ac i t Thi t t ha tred i ng jtr he cden . s oo unde c s pe ii r s a hi m o he ' c r nt c e t o t t he r ut ttone ' nd s t r s ur e ont n i n ha was unde t i l nc of a co l a co d no ha f r he nfue e l ho nd ul t ve onne t d he r qui ie i e t com m i t r tde e m ur r l a e nt ast e st nt nt o t i s gr e de . n ny ve , he Cour of Appe s s a e i is pe c i m or r t vi o s s t al t t d n t r urn de , he de how t t a t ug t pe ii r w a unde t i l nc a t tm e ha , lho h he ttone s r he nf ue e t he i Hor on c m e upo pe ii r s ve c e i t dic whi h w a t a n ttone ' hi l n he t h, c s s m e fve hour a t r t m tr e , pe ii r ha c r of hi o i s fe he ld r ttone d ontol s f c tesa unde s ood t s t t o a uli nd rt he iua i n. Furhe e de e f om t ti a s es a i hes pe ii ne w a not t r vi nc r he ral l o t bls tto r s i oxi a e and ha f m e t r qui ie i t nt t kilhi vi tm . nt c t d d or d he e s t n e o l s c i The vi tm a t pe ii rha br n up on t Frda be or ci nd he ttone d oke he i y f e t Sunda a t r he y f e noon kilng.Pe ii r ca e t t ho e whe e li ttone m o he us r t vi tm w a w o ki a a lve i na he c i s r ng s i -n nny. a e ofhi c e ns Bec us s onc r f t vitm ' s f t he e oye ha i t u t d t vi tm no or he c i s a ey, r mpl r d nsr c e he ci t t ope t doort t Pe ii r Thus t frttm et pe iine o n he o he ttone . , he is i he tto r c m e t t hous o t t Sunda afe noon, t vi tm di no n o he e n ha y tr he c i d t o pen t door Pe ii ne l f.Pe ii r r t r d a ut a hour he . tto r e t ttone e u ne bo n l t r wih t gun he ha sol n f om hi m ot r a he go t a e , t he d t e r s he , nd t he vi i t com e out i undert pret t he w as goi t gi ctm o sde he ext hat ng o ve he t $1 00 he owe hera r t n he cas rng.The vi tm r he 00. d nd e ur r l s i ci cnm e out t t pettoner' car w her an ar ent ensued by t o he ii s e gum he pas sengersi oft carf appr m at y 3-5 m i es.O ne oft de he or oxi el nut he chidr t vi i w as em pl l en he ctm oyed t car f w i ess t o e or m ed he 16 a g e . The peii r s t vitm i t hea fo z um nt n, ttone hot he c i n he d rm a p o i tl t f e a y, a t te d ie ' sd a dj mp d p r x maey wo e t wa r n o h rv rs ie n u e i o hi c a s d a a w ih t pa s nge s de door s ilo n. nt s ar nd pe w y t he s e r i tl pe Tha evi nce de onsr t t pe ii r s de i r t i t ntt kil t de m t a es he ttone ' lbe a e n e o l a under ut t c r ntc e ton by pe ii rand hi mot r nd c s he ure ont n i ttone s he t t pe ii r was i oxi a e a t tm e of t kilng. I ha ttone nt c t d t he i he li n a dto t eewa e ie c t tp tto e t l a o h r alimae d iin,h r s vd n e ha eiin r od n t e j i n t t thewoul tyt ge of o a i a t defns o s y he g s ha d r o t f n n nsniy e e r a wa) on a ba a d t i a t tm e of t kilng i o de t a d d ci rp t he i he li n r r o voi c c i n.(J onvi t o 9 ECF N o. Ex.4 a 1 1 6, t 4- 6. The f r goi a qua e y e a ns why c m s w a not c tt i ly i f ec i f o e ng de t l xpl i ol el s ons iutona l ne f tve or notpur ui a i oxi ton def ns The Cour t c l s ng n nt ca i e e. t hus onc udes t t t ha s co ts r tona e ha he bea ur ' a i l f de ng t c a m w a neiher a unr s bl a i a i of ûc ea l e t bls d Fe r l or nyi he l i s t n ea ona e pplc ton t l ry s a i he de a lm 'norba e onda unras bl deer nai oft f t. Se 28U. C.j2254( a ' s d tn e ona e t mi ton he acs' e ' S. *. Thi c uson i boltr by de ii nsi ot rc es A lhough ca e on t sis a e s oncl i s se ed c so n he as . t s s hi s ue r o v o l fc-p cûc te Fo rh Cic i a rp ae l u h l ha a d cso s rj ci b iusy a ts e i , h u t r uth s e e tdy p ed be s e iin ee t ng smia cams Se e. ,Hedik v.Tnz,443 F. 342,356( h Ci.2006)(n ha asc e i lr li . e. c. rc e 3d 4t r i be as r viwi ca t lm ur rcha ge,afimi dim is lofi f tve as it nce ofcouns c am e e ng pia de r fr ng s s a nefeci ssa el l i bas on c ed ouns lsf iur t a qua ey de op avol a y i oxi a i de e ewhe e a o s e ' al e o de t l vel untr nt c ton f ns r cc unt of t de e he f ndan ' acohola dr i a we e d ts l nd ug nt ke r i vague a i nd nconsse ' a whe e no one it nt' nd r ' oul opi wiha cet nt 't thewa i o c td a t tmehecommit t mtr e ' ; t d ne t ny rai y' ha c s ntxiae t he i ted he td r' l Red,3 9 F.d a 8 - 0 (oms l wa n t iefcie fr fiig t p ru a v l ay i 4 3 t 018 2 c t e s o n fe tv o al o u s e ol r n mt i oxi a i de e e,e n t h t r we e s ef cor t ts nt c ton f ns ve houg he e r om a t s ha uppore s h a de e e wher td uc f ns , e 9A Sal luded t by t squot ton, t j y h ad rc d c l ma byM a onfom j i,nwhih o hi a i he ur e r e ored al de s s r al i c he di se or sr egi d a scus d tat ze boutt pos biiy ofavoi ng c cton by cl m i he was on an (aci he si lt di onvi i ai ng ç d ti 'orot ie on dr and outofi.Thi was alo cor obor ed by one oft i a e winess who rp' hem s ugs t s s r at he nm t t es t siid a hi ki .Dee e c ns lce ry ha t c nsde t e fc t t t j y c ul viw a etfe t s al fns ou e la l d o o i r h a t ha he ur o d e n i oxi ton de ens as smpl par ofa made- s m e t avoi convi i pa i a l wher t onl nt ca i f e i y t up che o d cton, rtculry e he y evi dencet s o uppor t def e ca ef om Def t he ens m r endantsm ot ,who hasobvi bi ' her ous as. 17 t r was ot e de e t t s he e her vi nc ha howe de e nt wa ca bl of plma a pur ef d f nda s pa e a ed nd pos ul conducl Sa no,82 F. a 602 (ouns noti fe tve f f lng t purue i oxiai t; vi 3d t c el nefci or aii o s nt c ton def ns whe e a t e e r , lhough a de e e e r co l f ns xpe t nc uded de e nt w a s f rng f om a coc i f nda s uf e i r a ne lnke ps hoss a pos i y del i a t tme oft kilng,t e wasot r e de t t i d yc i nd sbl usons t he i he li her he vi nce ha wa ( e t n s fcen t s w pr media i ' i udi pr mur r dic sons wih a s s mor ha ufi i t o ho e t ton,' ncl ng e- de s us i t find a utt i a ofkilng t vi tm ,hi de i in t a d usng t t l honea t ho e re bo he de li he ci s c so o voi i he eep t he us a t r t kilng a i t a usng a pa phone a hi c e r r colec i n of t e nt w he f e he li nd ns e d i y , nd s l a e l t o he ve s n rco i t kilng t t polc ) The ehodi ,t s e untng he li o he ie . s l ngs oo, uppor t c l i t t sae t he oncuson hat he tt ha asc ther di no e ri c l ngt tc elwa no de i intf f ii t pr s nta be our e d t r n oncudi ha ouns s t fce or alng o e e n i o c ton def ns nt xia i e e. Fo a1 o t s r as ,M a o sCl m Two i de e r 1 f he e e ons s n' ai s ni d. 4. C l m s Three and Four - C ounselW as I f ve f Faii t Present ai nef ecti or lng o Te tm oni and Doc e ar Evi nc R ega ng an l oxi aton D e e e si al um nt y de e rdi nt c i f ns A s not d, Cl i s Thr e a Fo a e r a e t Cl i Tw o. I Cl i Thr e, M as e am e nd ur r el t d o a m n am e on a s rst thi c s e t ha s ouns lw asi f c i f f ii t c lhi m o he asa w ine s a f f ii t e nef e tve or a lng o al s t r t s nd or a lng o que ton Tr pe H or on r ga di M a o s i oxi a i a t tm e of t of e e.l Cl m si oo r t e r ng s n' nt c ton t he i he f ns n ai Four he c endst tcouns w asi f e tve f f ii t pr e e de e ofhi br a ha y r , ont ha el ne f c i or a lng o es nt vi nc s e t l ze t ttke mor t n sve hour afe t mur r(t1 2 p. ) s ngt thewasove t es,a n e ha e n s tr he de a 0:2 m., howi ha r he l gallm i a t ttm e.ECF N o.1 2 a 4e i t t ha i - t 5. The cl i bas d on a f iur t put on s h t tm ony f om hi m ot r f l f t am e al e o uc es i r s he ais or he r s nsdic s i conunci wih t Cour' a yss ofCli Two.Quie smpl t ea o s used n j ton t he ts nal i am t i y, he habeas cour r onabl det ned t couns ' deci i nott pur ue an i oxi i def e . eas t y enui hat els s on o s nt caton ens or t pr o esentt t tm ony f om M ason' m ot di not consiut cons iutonaly i f i he es i r s her d tt e tt i l nef ectve assi ance. st 18 A st M as s ar um e s c e ni pos i e t tm ony by Tr o on' g nt onc r ng sbl es i oope H o t ort r s t r r on he e ul of hi br a ha yze t t t y m i s t m a k. M os sgnii a l s e t l r es , he s he r t i f c nty,M as s be vi o bl on' ha or r ood aco l l al tei hour a trt mur rwoudnotha alowedt j r t fndhewas l holeves mos ght s fe he de l ve l he uy o i s s ve ey i ied a t tm eoft m ur rt the co d no f m t s c tc i e t kil o e r l mpar t he i he de ha ul t or he pe ii nt nt o l. SeeRei 3 F. a 8 (nt c ton defns rquiesdee ntt be s i o c td a t d, 49 3d t 00 i oxiai e e e r fnda o o ntxiae t he tmeoft mur rt thei i a eofdei rtonorpr diain) Thi i pa tc al tue i he de ha s nc pabl lbeai eme tto . s s riulry r w he e M a o r pea edl d e t Tr r s n e t y eni d o oope H o t t the had e r ron ha ngage i a hea drnki or d n ny vy i ng t ke a m e c tons i t m om i or e l a t r n ho s or i e a a tm e pr o t a n ny di a i n he ng ary f e noo ur , , nde d, t ny i ir o t m u de .I t d,M a on t d Tr he r r ns ea s ol oope H oron t the sa t d drnki 2- hou sbe o e t ca r t ha t r e i ng 3 r f r he r ac i ntwhihwa wela trt s i ( ilTr a 21 ) cde , c s l fe he hootng.Tra . t 3. M or ove , i i not a a l c ea t t a a tona que to ng of Tr e r t s t l l r ha ny ddii l s i ni oope H oron' r t s tsi nywo l ha ead d a yv ln ay itx c to te r . ej r s w vd o o tetafc etmo ud v i e n o u tr no iai n h o y Th u y a ie f h rfi sop,a Tr rHoron t sii d t tM a on wasc pa e ofr s ndi t quesi ;f i ned t nd oope t e tfe ha s a bl e po ng o tons e g b ig sc o ij rd a d wa a l t so s c b h virwh n s isr ce ,a d g v f le en ik r n u e n s be o tp u h e a o e o n tu td' n a e as e a i f t bl f xplnatons or he ood ound i hi ca.Ac or ngl a t tmeoft so ( ch,a i n s r c di y, t he i he tp whi gan, doesnotprveM a o sco ii a t tmeoft s i ,i d snota a t tM as s o s n' ndton t he i he hootng) t oe ppe r ha on' b h vo wo l h ve s p o td te j r fn i h ha e tbih d a v ln ay i txc to e a ir u d a u p re h u y idng e d sa ls e ou tr no iai n dee e.See Red,349 F. a 800 ( s rbi t s vee lvesofi ime t mus be fns i 3d t de ci ng he e r e l mpar nt hat t prs ntt esa iht dee ea fco st c i r.l s tt saeco tsa iai of e e o tbls he fns nd a tr o onsde) n hor, he tt ur' pplc ton St i kl nd t t s f ct wasnoti or e t l ta one un ea ona e. rc a o he e a s nc r c , e l r s bl For a 1 of t s r a ons t s a e c ts hol ng t t M a o di not s l he e e s , he t t our ' di ha sn d how i fec i ne f tve a s s a e unde St i kl nd was no unr s bl a t s Cour m us di m i s Cl m s Two, s i t nc r rc a t ea ona e nd hi t t s s ai Th e a Four r e, nd . 19 l V. Ce tt at o Appe l lt r ik e f a abiiy Rul 11 oft Rul G ovemi Se ton 225 Ca es i t U nied St t D it i t Co t e he es l ng c i 4 s n he t a es s rc ur s r quies t t t Co ti s or d e r ha he ur s ue eny a ce tf c t of appe l biiy w hen i e e s a t na or r rii a e a a lt t nt r i l de ia r e t 'a f r l ha s pe ii r A c r ii a e of a pe l biiy wil no i s unl s t s dve s o' ede a bea ttone . e tfc t p a a lt l t s ue e s he pe ii r S m a a s t nta s ttone d has de ubs a i l howi of t de a of a c tt i na rght' 28 U . C. ng he ni l onsiuto l i .' S. j2 3c ( ) l o d rt d s , h peiin rmus s o ta r a o bej rssc ul d sg e 25 ()2 . n r e o o o t e tto e t h w h t e s na l u it o d ia r e abo t peii smeiso t ttheis sprs nt gr a ut he tton' rt r ha s sue e e ed aej dequaet de e' e otr me t t o s l nc lage nt ve t pr e flt r'M ilr v. lr l537U. 322,336( o oc ed trhe . le-El Coctel, ' S. 2003)( tngSl kv.McDa e, quoi ac nil 5 U. 473,48 ( )(ntr lq ttonmakso te ) Ha ngc i r dt r c d a 29 S. 4 2000 i ena uoai r mitdl. vi onsde e he e or nd t r e ntl ga sa r ,t Co tfndst tM as ha no m a t r quiie s t nta he elva e l t nda ds he ur i ha on s t de he e st ubsa il s howi a a c riia e o a albiiy i t r f eDENI ng, nd e tfc t f ppe a lt s he e or ED. V. C oncl on usi Fort r a ons dicus e a ve t Res he e s s s d bo , he ponde ' M o i t Di m i s ECF N o.4,i nt s ton o s s , s G R AN TED a t Pe ii n f r a W rtofH a s Cor ,ECF N o.1, sD I I nd he tto o i bea pus i SM SSED . n A a o i t or rs l i s t sda ppr pr a e de ha l s ue hi y. EN TER :Thi s -- da ofM a c 201 y r h, 3 .. .. , . g ' . p , . , ' glzizz. ( .z g I . . , . . Ja .Ttr tk Se orUnied St t DititJ ni t aes src udge 20
]]>
Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You
should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google
Privacy Policy and
Terms of Service apply.
