South End Construction, Inc. v. Tom Brunton Masonry, Inc., No. 7:2012cv00390 - Document 11 (W.D. Va. 2012)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge James C. Turk on 9/18/12. (sas)

Download PDF
CL ERKSOFFI CE A R U,: DI O t T . m: m Oe , VA FI LED I TH E U N I ED STA TE S D I N T STR IC T C O U R T FO R TH E W E STE RN D I STR IC T O F V IR G I I N A R O A N O K E D I ISI N V O sEF l22 1 22 JULA C, U LEX CLERK I BK t C P SO UTH EN D CO NSTR UC TI N ,I C . O N , C i lA cton N o.7: c 390 vi i 12- vPl ntff ai i , M EM O R AN D UM O PIN IO N V. TO M BR UN TO N M A SO N RY ,IN C. , D ef endant . By:H on.Jam esC .Turk Seni U nied St es D i ri Judge or t at st ct Thi matri befr t Cour onDee ntsMotont Cha Ve ( tNo.3. s te s o e he t fnda ' i o nge nue Dk . ) Plitf h sfldaBre i Op o iin( t No 6 a dDee d n h sfldaRe l ( tNo. an if a i e if n p st Dk . . ) n fn a t a ie o py Dk . 9. Bohpatesha i c tdade iet pr ee wihou ahe rnga t mat i now rpe ) t ri ve ndiae sr o oc d t t a i nd he ter s i f diposton.Fort r or s ii he easonst f l ,D ef hat olow endant sM oton t Change V enue i D EN I . ' i o s ED 1. BA C K G R O U N D Thi di put a i e outoft b e c ofa c tuc i c r c conc m i a ad ton t s s e rs s he r a h onsr ton ont a t e ng n dii o t W yt Count O f i s i W yt vil V igi a.Pl ntf i t ge a con r c orf t he he y fce n he le, r ni ai i f s he ner l t a t or he a dto a dc n rce wi De e d n t p o i et ema o r wok frt ep o e t P anif d iin n o ta td t f n a t o r v d h s n y r o h rj c. litf h a l ge t tDe e ntf l d t pr de pr le s ha f nda aie o ovi operm a e i l a t pe f r is wor i ac or nc t r a s nd o r o m t k n c da e w ih t co r c .Eve ua l Pl i ift r i t d t s b- on r c a t ra l gedl pr di t he nt a t nt ly, a ntf e m na e he u c t a t f e le y ovi ng num e ous o r unii s f Def nda t c e pe f m a e r ppo t te or e nt o ur r or nc . Pl ntf i ta l fl d t ac i n i t Cicui Cour ofW yt Count a D e e ant ai if nii ly ie he to n he r t t he y nd f nd tmel tldfrr movalbasdondi st j iditon.Pli ifi aVigi acopo ai wiha i y ie o e e veriy urs ci antf s r ni r rton t pr nci pl ofbusi i pal ace ness i Roanoke,V igi a.Defendanti a Fl i com or i w ih a n r ni s or da aton t pr nci pl ofbusness i M ar le,Ter es D ef i pal ace i n yvil m see. endantnow s eekst tans ervenue or f LERK wihi t W e tr DititofVigi afom t Roa t n he se n src r ni r he nokeDi son t t Abi vii o he ngdon Di son. vii Abi on i cl ert D e e nts prnc pa pl e ofbusne sa t W yt vil V igi a whe e ngd s os o f nda ' i i l ac i s nd o he le, r ni , r t c t u ton s t i l a e he ons r c i ie s oc t d. l. l A NA LY SI S A ta frofve i govene by28U. C.j 1 a) i ' t c ninceofpa tes rnse nue s r d S. 404( :tor he onve e F ri a dwin se ,nt eitr s o j sie ad src c u t yta se a ycv l cint a y oh r n t e s s i h n ee t f u tc , itit o r ma rn fr n ii a to o n t e di t i tordi s on wher i m i tha bee br ug o t a di ti tordi s on t w hi h al s rc vi i e t gh ve n o ht r o ny s rc vi i o c l pa tesha c e e ' The d i i n t t a f rle w ihi t s ri ve ons nt d. ' ec s o o r ns e i s t n he ound di c e i oft c r . s r ton he ou t SeeBea La e Sys. Cox Comm' ,l ,11 F.Sup zd51 51 ( D. 2000) Gn m s r v. ns nc. 7 p. 5, 7 E. Va. .û l decdi amoint ta frvenueg rj 1 a1t c ts d c i rt i ng to o rnse unde 404(),he our houl onsde he plitf sc oieo ve u , o ve inc t t win se a dp ris a dt eitr s o j sie' anif h c f n e c n ne e o he t e s s n a t , n h n ee t f u tc . e ' G en. Crai LLC v. a r Entr .l , 92F. p. d 503, 4 ( . Va. 2)1 e ton Le pfog e s.nc.1 Sup 2 50 W D. 200 . A lhough ne t rpary r s t i s i bre i i a t ihe t aied he s ue n i tng, t ppea st t Co tt tt a ton r o he ur ha he c i co d no ha bee br ul t ve n oughti t Abi n he ngdon Di son a t tt r f eta f rt Abi on i vii nd ha he e or r nse o ngd s i pprprae.Secin l a sae t tve ma beta fre t a t viin wheei na o it to 404() tts ha nue y rnser d o ny t so di r t m i ha bee b ought'V e i pr pe ,ort a ton m i htha bee br ght ve n r . nue s o r he c i ' g ve n ought unde 28 , r U. C.j1 ( i S. 391b) n: ( ) u iildsrc i wh c a yd fn a t eie ,fal ee d n saer sd ns 1 aj d ca itit n ih n ee d n r sd s i l d fn a t r e i e t oft St t i w hi t di t i ti l a ed; he a e n ch he sr c s oc t ()aj dca d src i whc as bsa ta pat f h e e t o o sinsgvng 2 u iil itit n ih u tn il r o t e v n s r miso ii rs t t cam occ rd, as tnta pa t pr ryt ti t s j to ie o he li ure or ubsa il r of ope t ha s he ubec f t a ton i st t d'or he c i s iua e , ( i t r i noditi i whiha acinmayohe wiebebr 3) f hee s srctn c n to t r s oughtaspr de ovi d i t i s cin a yj d ca d src i whc a yd fnd n i s be tt t ec u ts n hs e to , n u iil ititn ih n ee a t s u j c o h o r' pe s l urs ci wihrs c t s haci rona j iditon t epe t o uc ton. lThe Pari sdipu e i t rbref whe he t f u s e ton clus i t c r c r r st a pa tc a f nl te s t n hei i s t r he or m el c i a e n he ont a t equie hat r iul r o m bec e Theca ea enty gr t Pli ift rghtt s e taf um , tDe e tco endsPl ntf wai d hosn. lus ppar l ans antf he i o elc or bu f ndan nt ai if ve t rgh t s ec a f r . aus t e a e s tc e r as nst de t Def ndantsm oton,t Cour doe not he i t o el t o um Bec e her r ufi i nt e o o ny he e ' i he t s addr sst f um s l cton cl e. e he or e e i aus The Loc lRul s a e t tve r esw ihi t W e t r Di t i tofVi gi a ope a e a t a es t t ha nue ul t n he s e n sr c r ni r t s hough û src'i j1391i r pl e by( vii 'W . Va.Ge R. b) Theef e,ia r t t û tit'n di s e ac d t son.' D. di n. 2( . r or t ppeas o he Cou t ha t def nda tdoe no r s de i t Abi on D i son,no e nt gi ng rs t t r t t he e n s t e i n he ngd vi i ve s vi i e o he cam o c re i teAb n d nDiiin n p o ryta i t es be to tea to i lc td li c u r d n h i g o vso , o rpet h t s h u jc f h cin s o ae i teAbn d nDiiin, n ta De e d n i n ts be tt p ro a j rs ito i te n h ig o v so a d h t fn a t s o u jc o e s n lu id ci n n h A bi ngdon D i s on. vi i The onl r tona e f tans e t t Abi don Di s on pr y a i l or r f r o he ng vi i opounde by d Def nda ti t tAbi e n s ha ngdon i hal t di t e be we n t pa te Ther f e, a i ven i s f he sanc t e he r i s. e or pl c ng ue n t A bi on Di s on w oul vi a e t Loca Rul a t M oton s ul be de e he ngd vii d ol t he l es nd he i ho d ni d. Howeve,be us t parisha notbree t is ,a t j 1 a is hasbe nbree r ca e he te ve ifd he sue nd he 404() sue e ifd a t Cour r ac t s m e de i i on t e gr nd he t e hes he a c son hos ounds t Cour,outofa a , he t n bunda of nce ca i wilpr e wiht j1 a a l i. uton, l oc ed t he 404() nayss A . Pl ntf ' Choi ofForum ai i f s ce A pl i if s c ce off um i t c ly e tte t c i r bl de er nc e pe i l a ntf hoi or s ypi a l n il d o ons de a e f e e, s c aly whe t s ti fl tnt ditita di soni whih(hepli if r i s'Glmor a n he ui s ied k he src nd vii n c t antfl esde . a g n i ' CoalCo p. Rat r Gr .PLC,854F. r v. nes p. supp.436, ( . Va.1 (ii Kose v. 437 W D. 993) ctng tr Lu nne M u . s. , U. 518, ( 947) l ed,t deea t pli ifsc c a mbe ns t Ca Co.330 S. 524 1 ).nde o f t he antf' hoie d f n a tmu tn r l s o ta lheb ln eo e ute i i gi o h r fvo gn )ta ee d n s o mal h w h t t aa c f q i s s n h s r ej a r a d h t y t i j cale onomyandc ninc t aIparisfvors ti a he f r m.'#.a 437udii c onve e e o l te a ui n not r o u 'J t 48 ( tngEl i v. had,620F.Supp. 68 ( . Va.1 (mpha i a dl;se quoi drdce Bouc r 678, 4 W D. 985) e ss dde ) e as Akesv. & W Ry.Co.378F. 78 80(t Ci.1 )( tngt pl ntf ha ihe lo r N , 2d , 4h r 967 noi he ai if s i t prmayrg ...oc ehi f t 'a t ts lci i i ea iyt beove t o f). i r iht t hoos s orz ' nd ha ee ton s s m, not sl o rhrwf To avoi t a i a i ofde er nc D e e nta g s w ih no c t ton t a hort d he pplc ton f e e, f nda r ue , t ia i o ut iy, t tt sde e e e i l tw he a pl i ifi taly fl i sa e c t t de e n r m o ha hi f r nc s os n a ntf nii l ies n t t our but he f nda t e ves t f de alc rtHowe r t Cour tndst tde i ng t gi t no m a wei g a e t o e r ou . ve , he ti ha clni o ve he r l ght r nt d o pl i if s c c off nl i s a i t nc w oul ha s ver ldi adva age . a ntf hoi e o m n uch n ns a e d ve e a s nt s M os i por a l pl i if a e en il d t r y on t nor alope a i o 28 U . C. t m t nty, a ntf s r tte o el he m r ton f S. j 1 () AsDefnda ha poi edou,(l he ac s i rmo dt f r c t ii 441a . e nt s nt t ûwl n a e s e ve o edeal our,t s a t tc l pl e i ûheditita di sone a i t plcewhee(hesae aci i uomaialy ac d n t src nd vii mbrcng he a r t tt) ton s pe ng.'( . 4a 2(ii 28U. C.j1 ()) W'e Pli iftldac ei t ndi '' DktNo. t ctng S. 441a). h n antf ie as n he W yt Count Cic tCo tag ns a di r e D e e nt i m us ha e c ed,o a l a t he y r ui ur ai t ve s f nda , t t ve xpe t r t e s f ese t tDee ntwoul r movet c s t fdealc tByopeai ofj1 () or e n,ha fnda de he a e o e r our. rton 44la, r m o lw oul t a o a i aly pl c t c e i t Roa e va d hus ut m tc l a e he as n he noke di s on,s nc W yt Col t i vi i i e he m y s wihi t Roa t n he nokeDi sonpe t Loc Rul . . Va.Ge R. a)7 .Pli iflkey vii r he al es W D. n. 2( () antf i l f es w a i e d t sr s t butDe enda ' r mova doesnotr b Pl i ifsc c ofa1 or a nd nt nde hi e ul, f nts e l o antf hoie 1 a j dc tv weg t I d e , an ifsae fal,û So t En h dee tdt isiuet s d u iaie ih . n e d Plitf tts lty çf u h d a lce o n tt t hi l a toni fderlc r,i woul ha i tt e t sa toni t Ro ci n e a ou t t d ve nsiutd hi ci n he anokeDi son. ( . 6 vii ' DktNo. ' a 4.Roano i t i alve frPl ntf:Sout End' prncpa plc ofbusne sa is t ) ke s he de nue o ai if h s i i l ae i s nd t c ouns ls ofi esa e i Roanoke a W yt Coun y i i t Roa e ' tc r n , nd he t s n he noke D i son. tt f de a vi i Tha he e r l c t e w a no Pl n i f sfr tde tna i doe notm e n t tPl n i f sc c ofa sa e ourhous s t ai t f ' i s s i ton s a ha ai t f ' hoi e tt c twihi t Roa our t n he nokeDi son, t f lknowl eoft opeai ofj1 () s dbe vii wih ul edg he rton 441a, houl gi n no de e enc i c i r ng a ta f rofve a t rD e e ve f r e n ons de i r ns e nue f e f ndantexe c s t r g of r i ed he i ht r oval em . Th r aeo h rr a o t rjc Dee d n ' c ne to , ic s de tn ieyi a ee r t e e s ns o ee t fn a ts o tn in d suse x e sv l n r e ca e f om t Di t i tofM i s t . ec nt s r he sr c nne o a' TheCour rj t t c entont tapli ifsc c off u i e ttedt l s t eecs he ont i ha antf hoie or m s nil o es deee i t j1 a a l i i t pli ifi tal fl s ti saec r. frnce n he 404() nayss f he antf niily ied ui n tt ou t I woul be il calt so i t d logi o ncentpl ntf st fl di s t cas i f ai if o ie ver iy es n ederalcourti n t fr ti t nce Fis ,s h a i en i coul r s ti an i r a e i t num be he i s ns a . r t uc n nc tve d e ul n nc e s n he r o c s sfldi fd rlc u t t ad bius u idcin l a i. c n s c a f a e i n e e a o r wi u o j rs ito a b ss Se o d, u h n e h i en i coul unde ne i e es sofc iy a c d de r tf om t nc tve d nni nt r t om t nd oul tac r he opporunii t ts a e c t ha t de i q tons ofs a e l w . e Le n v. t tes ha t t our s ve o c de ues i t t a Se vi Com m er e Ene gy.l , U . c r nc. S. ,1 S. . 23,2336,17 L. 2d 11 30 Ct 23 6 Ed. 31 ( 0 .Mor fnda ntly,j 1 a i ' fdealudii hous ke pi 201 ) e u me al 404() s ç e r j cal e e ng a m e ur dea i wih t pl em entoflt gaton. V a D us n v. r a k,376 as e, lng t he ac ii i ' n ' e Ba r c U. 61 624-25( 964) W hehe t pli ifi tal el t t pl et S. 2, 1 . t r he antf niily eced o ac he ltgai i saeorfderlc ti ofltl i ti t j l a a yss ii ton n tt e a our s ite mpor n he 404() nal i, whih i vesprma iy a e mi ton ofc c nvol i rl n xa nai onve enc f t sba e on ni e acor s d ge a ogr phy.l t pli ifee t d t plc t ltgai i apa tculrsat t n f he a ntf lc e o a e he ii ton n ri a t e, ht t tc c i e il d t def r nc r z e sofw he he t pl i ifi t a l ha hoi e s ntte o e e e, ega dl s t r he a ntf nii ly e ec e t pl ce t ltga i i a s a e orf de alc t e i t ts a e. l t d o a he ii ton n t t e r ourhous n ha t t Oinv. e Thomps 824F.Supp. 898, - ( M i 201 .Buts eDeitv.W as ngt on, 2d 90506 D. nn. 0) e s hi on Uni Me Ct.385F.Supp.2d772,774( D.112005)( lni wihouta yss t gve v. d. r, S. 1. deci ng, t nal i,o i wegh t pli ifwhe c ewa i tal fldi saec t. Cour deci st gi i i t o antf n as s niily ie n tt our) The t lne o ve s no d frn e'ot ePli tf sc o c of e uea Dee d n h ss g e td( tNo. a 2 a d eee c 't h anif h ie v n s fn a t a u g se Dk . 9 t ) n gr nt t Roa ke Di son t us lweghtac or d t t Pl i ifsc c off um . a s he no vii he ua i c de o he antf hoi e or B. Conveni ence to the W i ness and Partes t es i The s c f t t Cour m us co i e i t c e ond ac or he t t ns d r s he onve enc oft w ines e a ni e he t s s nd pa te .Se Ge Cr ton LLC,1 2 F. pp. a 504.I s por ofta f ri t c s t t ri s e n. ea i 9 Su 2d t n up t r ns e rng he a e o he Abi don D i son, he D e e n poi soutt tW yt vil , he l a i oft s c t uc i ng vi i t f nda t nt ha he le t oc ton hi ons r ton dipu e i 55 m ie f om t f de alc t e i A bi n a 78 m ie f om t f de al s t s l s r he e r ourhous n ngdo nd l s r he e r c r hous i Roa ou t e n noke.The non- r y wine s a t i woul lkel ha t ta lf om pa t t s es t ral d i y ve o r ve r W yt vil t Roa he le o noke orA bi ngdon. t non- ry w ines e ,t r f e, he c t e a e For he pa t t s s he e or t ourhous s r r oughl e dit nt bu Abi y qui sa , t ngdon i si l cos r s lghty l e . Thedif r ncei ven be fe e n ue come i s mpora twhe co pa i t dit e f rt pa t tn n m rng he sanc o he ry w ines Pl ntf sprnci pl ofbusi t ses. ai i f i pal ace ness,aswel asiscounsels of i ar l ed i l t ' fces, e ocat n Roa noke a a e t c os t t f de a c t e i Roa nd r hus l e o he e r l ourhous n noke. fve w e e t a f r t I nue r r ns ered o Abi on, antf sta lwoul belngt ne fo af w m ie t 1 De e ntsprncpa ngd Pli if r ve d e he d r m e l s o 36. f nda ' i i l pl eofbusne si i M a n il,Tenne s ,1 m iesfom Abi ac i s s n r le s ee 52 l r ngdon a 285m ie fom nd ls r Roa noke. e e nt s c D f nda ' ouns lha isof i esi Br sol V igi a a ut 1 m iesf om A bi e s t fc n i t , r ni , bo 5 l r ngdon. Tr ns e t A bi don w oul m a t ti ll a i r a fr o ng d ke he r a oc ton oughl eq dit ntbe w e t t pa te y ui s a t en he wo r i s a m a gi ly c os rf t non- r y w ine s ,who w oul lke y be c enta e i W yt nd r na l l e or he pa t t s es d i l onc r t d n he Cou y. nt TheCoursfndst t dif r ncefom W yt vil t Abi t i hat he fe e r he le o ngdon a Roa ke t nd no , he ta di t nc f t no pary w ines es i ne i bl The di f r nc i di t nce i o y 23 r vel s a e or he n- t t s , s glgi e. fe e e n sa s nl m ie o I er t t 81 a s al di f r nc o a sr t h ofr d w he e posed s e lm isr ac 70 l s n nt s a e , m l f e e e n t e c oa r t pe d i t e h m ph. l t d,i i a dif r nc of 15 t 20 m i t s f rt non- ry w ine s s W hie t A l ol t s f e e e o nu e o he pa t t s e . l he dit nc dif r nta i g e t rf t pa t w ine s s t c s a e f e e i l s r a e or he ry t s e , he onve e e ofpa' w ine s i a ni nc ly t s es s t l s e c i r ton i t tans erofve a ys sbe a e t y a epr s ed t be w ilng t e s r ons de a i n he r f nue nal i c us he r e um o li o tsiyi eihe f r m.SeeStt StCa tlCor v. t,855F.Supp.1 1 ( D.Te e tf n t r o u ae . pia p. Dene 92, 98 S. x. 1 4) 99 . A 1 i a l t conve e e f t s s i l f vorD e e nt Abi l n l, he ni nc ac or lghty a f nda . ngdon i s e ha c os r s om w t l e t W yt vil t n Roa o he le ha noke i a m uc c os rt M a yvil ,Te s ee s nd h l e o r le nne s . C. lnt erest ofJust ce s i Asn td teCo r mu t loc nsd rtekn ee t o j sie'S eGe . e to LLC, o e ,h u t s as o i e h d trss f u tc . e n Cr ai n i ' 1 2 F.Supp. a 504.Def nda a s m a ot rm ice l ne a gum e si s 9 2d t e nt l o kes he s la ous r nt n uppor of t t a f r i ve r ns e r ng nue. r t i a guest tbe us A bi Fis , t r ha ca e ngdon i c os rt W yt Count a s t vi w s l e o he y, ie e w oul be m or c d e onve enti one w e e de m e a opra e durng ti l Sec ni f r e d ppr i t i r a . ond,Def nda e nt aguest tmovi t tilt Abi nwoul ma ils lkeyf ur r t betmpe t r ha ng he ra o ngdo d ke t es i l orj o s o e td o drvebyt W yt Co yOfiesf a i o rviw oft s e tmat oft ltgai i he he unt fc or n mprpe e he ubjc ter he ii ton. Thr Dee da tag e t a Abng o i ai e ta lc to 'wh r t j r p l u dn t id, fn n r u s h t i d n s ' url o ain' ee he u y oo wo l o n i udeW yt Coun y r i nt,who t De e ntf r wilbebi s d a i ti. ncl he t esde s m he f nda ea s l a e gans t The Cour hasale a e s d Def nda ' st vi a g e by no i t m i m a t r ady ddr s e e nts ie ew r um nt tng he ni l 23- ie dif r nc be w e n hol ng t t i li Abi don ve s Roa m 1 fe e e t e di he ra n ng r us noke. t r or a Furhe m e, s Plitf h sp itdo t ç siev e aer r.nt i isa c ,h wo kwhihi t es b e t f an if a one u ,t lt iws r a e l h s n tn e t e r c s h u j c o g t saci et rwa notdone,ha be nrplc dori now co rdup. ( . 6,a 7. hi ton ihe s s e e ae s vee ' DktNo. t ) ' Be a e oft s i i unlke y t ta s t vi w w ilbe ne ded. s s h, he pos i lt o s vi 1 c us hi , t s i l ha ie e l e A uc t sbiiy f a ng 5 t 20 mi e i t unlkel e ntofast vi w i o yt si es f c orf vorngDe e o nut s n he i y ve ie e s nl he lght t a t a i f ndant . De e n ' s c a g e nm sc e t De e f nda ts e ond r um nt ountr o f ndan ' frta g e .I Abi ts is r um nt f ngdon i s c os rt W yt Count f pur e ofa s t vi w , he i i al o c os rf pur esof l e o he y or pos s ie e t n t s s l e or pos i r p rv e b j r r . sag me tfvo sPlitf o a latd e n tfv rDee d n . mp o e iws y u o s Thi r u n a r an if r t e s o s o a o fn a t Ast t Dee ntsworyt tt j ypoolma becompos dofW yt Count o he fnda ' r ha he ur y e he y r s de s who w oul be bi e aga ns i,t Cour i unpe s de f a l s t o r as . r t e i nt d as d i t t he ts r ua d or t ea t w e ons Fis , teei o l as l l eioo t a aW yh Co nyme e wo l b o t ej r sn ete h r s ny mal i l d h t k h te u t mb r u d e n h u y, ic h popul ton ofW yt Co t i ve y s a la t popul ton oft Roa ai he un y s r m l nd he ai he noke a e al i ve y r a one s r lr e S c n , h po sbii o ab a e j r ro j r r t ap e ee n dat u ea u a ag . e o d t e si l y f is d u o r u o wih rd tnnie ti d bo t t t pa tc a de e nti a w a a r s a r s t tv r di e i de i d t r ri ul r f nda s l ys i k, i k ha oi r s s gne o educ i notelm i t e, f i na e. Th tn ee t o j sie' a tro l sihl fv r De e d n . e t trss f u tc 'fco n y l t a o s fn a t i g y D . Sum m ary Afe e au tn teag me t o tepat s teCo r tn st a teitr sso j tc tr v lai g h r u n s f h ri ,h u ti d h t h nee t f usie e f c or a t c a t s nd he onve enc oft no pa t w ines e a e e s taly non- ac or one w a ort ni e he n- ry t s s r s en i l f t s y he ot .The de e m i ton ofw he he t t a f ve e orno t c esdow n t t Pl ntf s her t r na i t r o r ns er nu t hus om o he ai if choi ofvenue agai tt i ce ns he nconveni ence oft D ef he endant sw iness and couns havi t ' t es el ng o drveup fom M a yvil ,Te i r r le nnes eea Brsol Vigi a, e peci l Thedif e e i s nd it , r ni r s tvey. fer nc n di t nc f D e e ntw ines e i no doub s t nta . lho h D ef nda ha com e f w a d sa e or f nda t ss s t ubsa i l A t ug e nt s or r w ih s gnii a evi nc a ar e t ti woul be i onve e ed i t s tw e e t t i f c nt de e nd gum nt ha t d nc ni nc f he ui r o r m a n i t Roa e i n he noke D i s on,e de e ofi nve e e a one i i ufi i t w a r nta vi i vi nc nco ni nc l s ns fc ent o r a t f ofvenue. rans er The Cour f ndst tt c ti ha he onveni nc f c or do no ove de t cons de a e wei e e at s t ni he i r bl ght nor lyg a e t t Pli ifsc c offnl lg nl st baa ei sr yi fvorof mal r ntd o he antf' hoie o m.ûul es he lnc s tongl n a t deenda ,t pl ntf sc ceoff r s dr r l bedit bed.' fOi Co . he f nt he ai if hoi o um houl a e y sur 'Gul 1 p v. Gibe t330U. 501 508( 947) s ealoRobi onv.Gir r & BilP. ,74F.d25 l r, S. , 1 'e s , ns amaco ls C. 3 3, 260( 1hCi.1 (ç'epl ntf sc c off lm s ul no bedit be unls i i ce ry 1 t r 996) Af ai if hoie orz ho d t sur d e s t s la l -h ouweghe byot rc i rtons' t i d he onsde ai . ). The Cour i s pa he i t De e nt splgh a t t a i dit nc t tw ilbe t s ym t tc o f nda ' i t nd he r velng s a es ha l r quie i t c e s d go t t i l Butt rs ofg ng t t i i R o e r d f he as houl o ra . he i k oi o ral n anoke s d ha bee houl ve n a r ntt De e ntwhe i sgne ac tu ton c ta twih aRoa ppa e o f nda n t i d onsr c i on r c t nokege a co r c o ner l nta t r wih wor t bepe f med wihi t Roa t k o ror t n he nokeDi son. f nda ' M oton t Tr nse Ve vii De e nts i o a f r nue i DEN I . s ED EXTER: i /f d yo s pe e, 2012. Ths a f e tmb r Qy z .a t.x . . Hon. a esC. r J% Tu k Se orUnie Stt DititJ e ni t d a es src udg 8

Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.

This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.