Auriemma v. Logan's Roadhouse, Inc. et al, No. 7:2012cv00284 - Document 24 (W.D. Va. 2012)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Samuel G. Wilson on November 19, 2012. (sfc)

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r pv s OFFI :. . sm corr a V : Dl A L Å BURG V T YN A NW F2 o o 0 hE v1 F I L I TH E UNI N TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT FOR TH E W ESTERN DI STRI OF VI GI A CT R NI RO A N O K E D I I N V SIO ANDREA D.AURI M A, EM 21 22 JUL C, DUDL , RK C BY: EPU RK Ci lActon No.7: v00284 vi i 12c Pl nt f , ai i f M EM OM NDUM O PI ON NI V. LOGAN' ROADH OUSE,I C.and S N JOHN DOE, De e f ndant . s By:Samue G .W is l lon , Unie St esD i t i tJudge t d at sr c Pli ifAndr aD . i antf e Auremm abrngst sa tonptr ua t Til VI oft Ci lRi t i hi c i ls nt o te 1 he vi gh s Ac o 1 6 , 2U. C. 20 0 e s q (-i eV1' a dVignalw a an t rfr r t f 9 4 4 S. j 0 e t e . tft 1' n r ii a g is he ome t l ) e ly r Lo a ' Ro d o s , n o p rtd(Le a '', o s x a h r sme t n rtl t n mpo e, g n s a h u e I c r o ae t g n s' f r e u l aa s n a d eai i C ) ao a ahos ofsae 1w t t,i l ng a s ul al bat r a ii outoft conduc ofa nd t t t a ors ncudi s a t td te y, rsng he t n uni e ii d f me cowor . She a s a s rscli a i tt uni ntfe f me c wor r d ntte or r ker lo s e t ams gans he de ii d or r o ke . Lo a sh smo dt ds s p zu n t Fe ea Rueo Ci l r c d r 1 ( )6 , itiig g n' a ve o imis u s a t o d rl l f viP o e u e 2 b ( )man ann t tt e c Ã¹c de c i d i Aure ma' c m pl n wasno s t i n l s ve e o pe va i t ha h ond t s rbe n im s o ait t ufk e ty e r r r sve o hol i la ef s lha as m e underTil VI a t tAure a' e l i r dy f r d t ibl or exua r s nt te I nd ha imm s xcusve eme o he saelw tr camsa ie u d rt Vi i i W o k r' mp nsto Ac (t CA'. r tt a o t li rs s n e he r na r es Co e ain t ( g VW ' ) Gi n t r me al pos o Til VI a t c tsoblgai t c tueAure a s ve he e di pur e f te l nd he our' i ton o onsr i mm ' co anti t e lghtm os f vor bl t he ,hec ur fndst tAure ahassa e aplusbl mpl i n h i t a a e o r t o t i ha i mm tt d a i e Til VI s xua ha a s ntdam a i tLoga s t ug notapl usbl r t la i c am . The te I e l r s me i ga ns n' ,ho h a i e e a iton l i c u t lofn sta Au immah ssae pa sbesae1w t t camsno s j c t t e o r as i d h t re a ttd lu il tt a o' li t t ube t o h e l i t p o son oft VW CA. Acc di y,hecou tde esLoga smotont dimis xcusviy r vii s he or ngl t r ni n' i o s s Aure asTil VI s xua ha a s nta sae 1w t tc am s butgr nt Log smoto t imm ' te 1 e l r s me nd tt a or l i , a s an' in o dim i sAur e m a' r t la i cl i . s s im s e a i ton a m Fr J nua y 2011t ough Augus 5,2011 Auremma wor d asa s r ra Log s om a r hr t , i ke e ve t an' r tur l a e i Roa esa ant oc t d n noke,Vigi a.Aure aal ge t tdurnghe e pl r ni i mm le s ha i r m oyme , n nt i M ac o 2 1 ac wok r( o s ec n o ie tf b n meb c u eLo a sn ln e rh f 01 , o r e wh m h n n t d niy y a e a s g n' o o g r e ly hm a db c u eh i l eya t o u ne ain s x al a s u tdh r Au imma mpo s i n e a s e s i l n md c me td le ) e u ly sa le e . re k ale st tt c lge ha he owor rba ked he i oaf sor gec bi t tg a d'he ,kis dhe ke c r nt ood t a a ne ,dr bbe ' r s e r agans he wil t he he t ough he clt ng,a m a s lob ousat mptt f rhe i t r l, ouc d r hr r ohi nd de d ar vi te o ut r s x al a s ut e . ( mp . 1 , No 1) Ac o dn t Auimma t ec wo k rt a a e u ly s a lh r' Co l! 0 ECF . . c r ig o re ,h o r e t d ' h known pr nst f vi e ,a es i s xual as a tvebe vi y' nd t sbe vi wa ope iy or ol nt ggr sve e ly s uli ha or'a hi ha or s kn wnt Lo a sma a e n a tet o h rm s ut Co .g 5 ECFNo. . S o o g n' n g me t th i f e sa l.( mpl! 1 , me 1) he a lge , npa tc a , ha t m ae c le s i riul r t t he l owor rha s xua l as a t d a he f m ae s r er t t ke d e ly s ule not r e l e v ,ha m a g m e t e aedhi c na e nt ol r t s onduc,a t tt wor a ewa Ã§ r e t d wih varo f mso t nd ha he kpl c s t m a e t pe ius or f s xual ha a sngbe vi r'i l ngt s xual ha a sng be vi rofones pe vio who e ly r s i ha o y ncudi he e ly r s i ' ha o u r sr Ã§ r que ty die td s xual s s e n l r ce e ly ugge tve c mm e sa pr ii t va i usf m ae s r r f si o nt nd opostons o ro e l e ve s . . . (n who o tni a p o raeytu he o itrce wi svea fmaes r e s' ( mp . a d l fe n p r p itl o c d r n ea td t e rl e l ev r . Co l h ' !1 -1 , No 1) S ealg sta t ewo k lc e vr n n pe t ae tetp so 8 9 ECF . . h le e h t h r pa e n io me t meu td h y e f be vi a att st teve ua l ld t t s xua a s ul byhe c ha or nd tiude ha nt ly e o he e l s a t r owor r ke . Au i mm afl dt c r sofd s rm i to wih t Equa Empl ym e Opporuniy re ie wo ha ge i ci nai n t he l o nt t t Co lsi (t mnison i EEOC' al ngs baeddici nai a haa s nta ii outofhe ' legi ex- s srmi ton nd r sme rsng ) r s xua as a t On M ay 31, 2, heEEOC t r na e ispr e i a is d a' otceof e l s ul. 201 t e mi t d t oc ed ngs nd s ue N i Ri htt Sue l te i c nne ton w ih e ch ofAt ie m a' di c i i ton c r . Aurem m a g o et r n o ci t a u m s s rm na i ha ges i 2 a lge t ts r s satLoga sr t la e a ns he f rcompl ni oft as a ttumug le s ha upe vior n' e a itd gai t r o ai ng he s ul l h h ihe e s evso o h r o p roma c a dtle t t rpo t e frmio ifa to s eg tn d up r iin f e j b ef r n e n l as o e r h r o n r n rcin . r Au i mmacli ss c pl ne t Loga sa re am he om ai d o n' bouthe s pe viorsr t i i bu i t n r u r s ' ealaton, t t ook o obvi a ton i r s ous c i n e pons t he c e o r ompl nt.Loga sf iu et t any r medi la to 1d t ai s n' al r o ake e a c in e o Aure ma' r sg ton,whih s l el a c nsr tvedic ge im s e i nai c he ab s o tuc i s har . 1. l Loga sm ant i t tAure ma' co antfist sa eplusbl c am sofs xua u' i a ns ha im s mpli a l o t t a i e l i e l ha asm e ta r t ito unde Til V1.Thecou tfndst tAuremm aha saed aplusbl r s n nd eala i n r te I r i ha i s tt a ie s xua ha c s e thosiewor e r e l r m n/ tl k nvionme tca m b no apl usbl r t i to cam . n li ut t a i e ealai n li Ac or i y, hec tgr nt Log sm o in t dimisi pa t de e i i pa t c d ngl t our a s an' to o s s n r and ni s t n r. Und r l 8 a( )ofheFe ea Rue o Cii P o e u e ape dngmu tc n ana e Ru e ()2 t d rl ls f v l r c d r , la i s o ti t hor a pl n sa e t t nd ai t t mentoft cam s ngt tt pl de i en il t r le .'l s he li howi ha he ea r s tted o e if' n e au tn aRu e1 ( )6 moint d s s,hec u t c e t a tu a1welp e d d v laig l 2 b ( ) to o imis t o r a c p s s r e 1 l la e alga i a vi wst co anti t lg m os f vor bl t t pl ntf .Philpsv. t le tons nd e he mpli n he iht t a a e o he ai if li Pit Cnv M e l p.5 2F.d 1 6 1 O(t Ci. 0 9 .Whi t ec u t t c e t h t. m'Hos , 7 3 7 , 8 4h r 2 0 ) l h o r mus a c p t e e cam a tsf c ua ale tonsa tue t stne i Ii pplc bl t lgalc l i .Thr a ba e li n ' a t l l gai s r , hi e t s i na ia e o e oncusons ed r r ia soft e e nt ofac us ofaci n, uppore bym e e c l o y saeme s donot ect l he l me s a e to s td r oncus r t t nt, s fie' As co t Il l 5 6U. 6 2 6 8( 0 9 (iai no te ) Rah r plitfsmu t ufc . h r f v.c , 5 S. 6 , 7 2 0 ) ctto mitd . te , an i ' ba f s p e de o g fcst t u g g t ercamsa r s t el efo c n ev bl t plu il, a di la n u h a t o s d e! h i li co s h i r m o c ia e o a sbe' n f n n ' t c am i no f a i e o isf c ' i mus be d s is d.Be lAt.Cop v. o v,55 he l i s t l usbl n t a e, t t im s e pl ' l l Tw mbl 0 . U. 5 570( 7) A c anta hive fca plusbiiywhe i c anss fce fc l S. 44, 200 . ompli c e s a il a i lt n t onti ufiint a ma ale to t s ppor ar s nabl i e e et tt defnda ti la ef t mic lgai ns o u t ea o e nfr nc ha he e n s ibl or he s onduc t a lge 1 a 55 E s ng f pl usbl gr undst i e 'acli ' e se e Ã§ esn i s le d. d. t 6. Ã§ ki or a i e o A o nf r' a m s xit nc Ã§ do ot mpo e 3 a pr bab lt r quie e a t pl ad ng sa i smpl c l f re ug f t t r iea o iiy e r m nt t he e i tge; t i y als o no h acs o as r s na e e pe tto t tdic y wil e a e d e' u ea o bl x c ai n ha s over l r ve l vi enc 's ppori t pli ifscai .I tng he antf' l m d. a 5 6 Thsa ay i i c ne ts e i a drq ie th rviwigc r t d a o is u iil t 5 , i n lss s o tx-p ct n e urs t e e e n ou to rw n t j dca k t e p re c a dc mmo s n e' F a csv Gic mel, 8 F.da 1 6,1 3(t Ci. 0 ) x ein e n o n e s . r n i . a o l 5 8 3 t 8 9 4 h r 2 09. ' o Log n' movedt dim isAure a s o s s imma' cai f ahosie wor e r nm e ont s l m or tl k nvio nt he gr oundt tt cond ts al ge wa nots ve eorpe va i e ha he uc he le s s e r r sve noug t s h o uppor s h acam . t uc li Thec tfndsot r s a de e Loga smoton. our i he wie nd nis n' i Se lha a s e t tc e t sahosiewo k e r xua r s m nt ha r a e tl r nvionme gi rs t a c us ofa ton nt ves i e o a e c i u d rTil Vl.Se M eio S v. n v. n o , 7 U. 5 , 6( 98 ) EEOC v Ce t n e te 1 e rt r a Ba k Vis n 4 7 S. 7 6 1 6 , . . n. W h lslr.nc, 7 F.d 1 7 1 4(t Ci. 0 9 (e a s t ne l y e swo ke vio me t oe aes l .5 3 3 6 , 7 4h r 2 0 ) b c u e ' mp o e ' r n r n n a i atr orc ton ofe oymen ,Til V1 c e t sahosiewor ng e r s em ondii mpl t te 1 r a e tl ki nvionme tc us of n a e a to . (u t gEEOC v R & R Ve trs 2 4F.d3 4 3 8(t Ci. 0 1 .Tosaea cin' q oi ' n . nu e , 4 3 3 , 3 4 h r 2 0 :) tt cam frh si wo ke vio me tapanifmu ts o ( )t ts ewa h r se ' c u e li o o tl r n r n n, litf s h w: l ha h s a as d i a s e be o ' e s x ( ) h t h h r sme t su wec me ()ta teh r sme twa s fiinl f h r e ; 2 t a t e aa s n wa n lo ; 3 h t h a a s n s u tce ty p r a ieo sv r a t c e t a a u i wok e vr n n;()t ts meb sse it fr e v sv r e e e s o r ae n b sve r n io me t 4 ha o a i x ss o i u igl blt t tee o e .S t v Fis Uno Na' Ba k, 2F.d2 4 2 (t Ci. mp tn i i y o h mply r mih . rt in tl n 20 3 3 , 41 4h r a i 2 0) 0 0. To dee mi wheherahosiewo k e r t r ne t tl r nvionme c am m e t t ts ve ean nt l i e s he te r d pe vasve' e r m e , heco tc i r t fe nc oft ha as i c r i 'r quie nt t ur onsde s he r que y he r sng onduc , is severt tt iy, whe he i i p i ly t e e ng o hu ii tng o m e e y of e i s c , a wheht i t r t s hys ca l hr at ni r m la i r r l f ns ve pee h nd t rt un e s bl i ere eswih t e pl e' wor pe f ma e. Se i. t2 2(iig Ha i v r a ona y nt f r t he m oye s k ror nc e d a 4 ctn n s . Fo kit y .I .51 U. 1 , 3(99 :.To s vieamoint ds s, p anifsmpy r lf S s,nc, 0 S. 7 2 1 3 ur v t o imis a litf i l o 4 mus al geas r a pli sae e oft cai t tc t i e t le ho t nd a n t tm nt he l m ha on ans noug f c st sa eacli t h a t o tt am o r l fta i pa i l o isfc .S eF d R. v P. ()2 ; mbv. 5 U. a 5 6. ei h t s lusbe n t a e e e . Ci. 8a( ) Two l 5 0 S. t 5 e He e whe viw e i lg oft pl a ng p i i e a r quie nt f aTil VI r , n e d n i ht he e di rncpl s nd e r me s or tt I a ton, re ci Au i mma' a lga i s tsy t t e e a pe va i ' ee e ofhe hosiewor s le tons a if he t ver nd r sve' lm nt s r tl k e ionme cam . Auremm ac endst a herwor a e Ã» pe m e t d wih va i f ms nv r nt li ' i ont ht kplc t was r a e t rous or ofs xua l haas i be vi a t tC tla to s r s fe nty die t d s xual e ly r sng ha or' ha t e s ne upe vior r que l r c e e ly ' a s g e tv c mme t a p o sto st v ro sfmaes r es. . a d t i s pevs ro tn u g si e o ns nd r po iin o ai u e l e v r . gn ) hs u rio fe i ppr it yt he orit r t wih s ve a f mae s r r y a t he c r r na oprael ouc d n e aced t e r l e l e ve s' nd hat r owo ke ' s x al a sul dh ra ac n e u n eo at r ige vr n n (h t p r tae tes ) e u l sa t e s o s q e c f t kn n io me t taq epeu td h le y e wo tp so b ha o a dattd s' ( mp1!1 -2 ECFNo. . Co sd r di t el h mo t y e f e vir n ti e . Co . 9 0 u ' 1) n iec n h i t s g f vor bl t he ,he c t a a e o r t our Sndst tAure ahass fce l a l d t tLog st lr nc of ha imm ufi inty lege ha an' o e a e t sbe vi c rbut d t as xual c r d amos e hi ha or onti e o e ly ha ge t pher .Sheha a lged s ve ea s le e r nd pe a i ha a s nrsve r s ments fc e t c tt t a hosiewor e r nm e ,a aba i f ufii nt o onsiu e tl k nvio nt nd ss or i i la lt t Logan' .Cons que l ,t c ur d nisLoga sm o i t dim is mputng ibiiy o s e nty he o t e e n' ton o s s A ure m a ss xua ha a s en cai . I . im ' e 1 r s m t 1 m 2 d 'Loga sciesmuli ec e t s ppo tisa sri t tAu imma' c n' t tpl u s o u r t se tons ha re s ompli doe notale fctr ant s lge a o s s fcintt ceaeahosiewor e r ufi e o r t tl k nvionment Bu mos oft s c eswe enotdimi ed o t pl di Se . t t he e as r s ss n he ea ngs. e EEOC v Xex sCo , 3 F,d6 8(t Ci. 01 )afr n i p r, a aigi p r, n rma dn ditit . re a.6 9 3 5 4. r 2 l (fimig n atv c tn n a ta d e n ig src h c m-sga t fs nmayj d me tfrtee lye)EEOCv. u b lRe as Ic, 2lF.d3 6(t Ci. 0 8 o t rn o u l r u g n o h mpo r; ' S n et ntl-n x5 3 0 4 h r2 0 ) (e esn dsrc c u t ga to e ly rsmoinfrs mmayjd me t n f n t a fcse itdt rvrig itit o r' rn f mpo e ' to o u r u g n a d mdig h t at xse c s sp oth e ly escams;Ce tW h lslr, 7 F.d1 7(e esn dsrc c utsgrn o e o e' u p r te mpo e ' li ) n. oeaes 5 3 3 6 r vrig itit o r' a t f mply rs moinfrs mmayj d me ta t h si woke vr n n caml Ca syv. l ,1 2F.d7 5(t Ci. t o u r u g n s o o tl r n io me t li ; ue Baoa 6 3 9 4h r o e 1 9 ) afr n dsrc c utga t fs mmayjdg n o ted tr to ta tee o e fi dt etbih 9 : (fi g itit o r rn o u r u me t n h eemzain h t h mply e al o sa l mi e s ap i fceh si woke i n n caml Rik lav. ggMg . Itaain.n .2 0 WL4 5 4 4 a rma a i o tl r nvr me t li ; z al En ' mt& ne rto Ic. 0 6 e o 4 9 3,t * ( D. . g 2 , 0 6 (nmoinfrs mmayj d me tpanifddn t k o tp i fcec s fr e 5 E. Va Au . 9 2 0 ) o t o u r u g n, litf i o ma e u rma a i ae o h r o cl m ofu a uldic r bas o s x und Til VI be a es eca e t ih t t a t tmeofdichage ai nlwf shage ed n e er te I c us h nnot sabls ha, t he i s r , s ewa p romiga alv lh t t re ly rslgtmaee p cain ) h s efr n t e e ta me he mpo e' e i t x e tt s. i o 2Sees e eal Swiri-j zv. oe N. , 3 U., 0 ( 0 2 (ic sigteI ea pla ig qn rl y eke-c S rma A.5 4 S 5 6 2 0 ) dsu sn h i rl e dn w b sadada l dt TieVI cams; e as Rie v Bu knr 1F d Ap ' 1 0 l 4( hCi. 001 (fi n tn r ppi o t I li ) se lo lv . c e, e . px 3 , 3 4t r2 ) afr g e l mi d nil fmoint ds s pantf ssx al hotl woke vrn n cam b c u etwj aestsidta e a o to o imis li if e u l si r n i me t li e a s % e r aife h t y e o t (e ea)alg to s c u ldwi ase ice a l . . r s f e tto g b rl,o. .uvielamoint j n rl l ain , o pe t p ct x mpe . ae ut n,h u h aey t . s r v g t o e h l ki o ds s'; h szrv Uni. N, , 9F. u p 2 6 2 6 3( D. C. 0 3)(idn ta alg tc ta lmis' Ma da e . v of C.26 S p . d 6 , 7 M. N. 2 0 fn ig h t l aims h t ) e p o e s ro tn p thsam a ou d p an if sg e c re p n e c Ã§ o e W i im, a d s x al p o st n dhe r fs o f u i r r n li t in d or s o d n e q v , l a ' n e u ly r po ii e r e f L l ' o B. Aure i mmacl mst Lo n' r t la e a i the i vi a i ofTil VI.Lo n' ai hat ga s e ait d gans r n olton te I ga s as e t t tAÃ¹re ma' compl n doesno pladf t s fc e t s s rs ha im s ait t e acs ufii nt o uppo tar a ito cli r etlai n am ha s s3 cfc ly a ha mo dt dimison t tba i. Spe iia l , Loga scli t tt r t it r nd s ve o s s n' a ms ha he eala o y c onduc Au i mmaalegesi nots tcintt c tt t a r ee oym e a to .4 The cour t re l s ufi e o onsiu e dve s mpl nt c in t a e swih Loga sa dimi s sAure gr e t n' nd s s e imma' r t la i ica m . s e aitol li Til V1 pr hi t empl r fom r t i i a i ta e pl yecbec us oft t te 1 o bis oye s r ealatng gans n m o a e ha emplyee spari i i n i apr eced a tviy,i l ng o o ' tcpato n ot t ci t ncudi pposton t orc pli t a , n ii o, om a n s bout a t a u e ly n p a tc .4 U. C. 20 0 -() Ho kn v Batmo eGa & Elc Co, mlwf l mpo me t r cie 2 S. j 0 e3 a ; n is . li r s e . . 7 F.d7 5 7 4( t Ci.1 9 ) Top e al nh rrt l to cam, re mu t r v 7 3 4 , 5 4h r 9 6 . rv io e eai in li Au imma s p o e a treee ns ()t t h e g g di p oe tda tvt'()t ta a ves e ly n a to h e lme t: 1 ha s e n a e n r tce cii , 2 ha n d re mpo me t cin y wa tk na an th r a ()t a t eewa ac us likb t e t ep o e tda t iya dte s a e g is e; nd 3 h t h r s a a l ewe n h r tce ci t n h n v a v ree ly n a to .M a k yv. h ll, 0F.d4 3 4 9( t Ci. 0 4 .An d es mpo me t cin c e S aaa 36 3 6 , 6 4h r 2 0 ) e o rsa to t tc e t s' sgnii a c nge i e pl mpl ye ' ci n ha r a e G i fc nt ha a n m oyme saus s h a hii trng nt t t , uc s rng,i i , wees fiin t so sv r a dp r aieh rsmetfrp po e o amoint ds s) Babe v Dth m r ufce to h w e ee n ev sv aas n o u ss f to o imis; rir . l a r Cny. . f uc, 2 F. pp 2d61 , 2 ( D. C. 0 2 (o cu igt t t ec mmet o asx a t Bd o Ed .2 5 Su . 7 6 5 M. N. 2 9 ) c n ldn ha mulpl o ns f e u l i naur a cli t td e ntgr bbedpl ntfkh d he a ns hi andkis d h s ts i t s r and t e nd ams ha efnda a ai if el r gai t m, s e er a ifed he bvee p r%ierq ie nsof anifssx l aas n cam t sr iemoint dimis; n e v R. ev v e urme t plitf e ua h rsme t li o u vv t o s s) Co n r . H. o Barn e Diti. ,1 2F. u p. d8 6 8 0( D. C. 0 )(es nn ta g n rlalg to so h rsme t ric r srb Co. 5 S p 2 5 , 6 M. N. 2 01 rao ig h t e ea le ain f aas n a det l sat nd aied t ement a t haas ig r r a onephysc e s bout wo r sn ema ks nd ial ncounerme t s r a pe va it t t he eve e nd r sv ee n o panifssx a h rsme t li u de tel b()sa d r). Basv E.. n n DeNe us& lme t f litf' e u l aas n cam n r h 2()6 tn ad ;X s . IDu o t Ã§ mo r Co, 2 F3 7 ) 6 (t Ci. 0 3 (fimigds sa o sx al h si wokewio me t li whc .3 4 .d 6l7 5 4h r 2 0 ) afr n imis l f e u ly o tl r l r n n ca: ih e n alg do l ta plitf h ddsue wihma a esa doh re ly e a o t e wok . l e ny h t anif a ip ts t n g r n te mpo es b u h r r) e 3Loga sha movedt dimisAure n' s o s s imma' co tuci dic gecai . A consr tvedi hagei no s nsr tve s har l m tuci sc r s t aspaaecam u d rTil VI.S eL c h r v Vila o W o d r, .10 CV25 7 2 0 WL 4 2 81 @ . e rt li n e t l e o k at . l e f o mee No :7 e a 1,08 9 5 7 D, OhoNo .l , 0 8. i v 4 2 0) 4Aciie ta c n tuep rii to i ap oetdatvt aeo tie i tesaue ()ma n a tvt s h t o si t at pain n rtce ciiy r ul d n h ttt: 1 kig i t c n c ag '2 tsi n ; 3 assig; r()p riiaigi a yma n ri a iv siain p o e dn , rh aig h re () etyig () sit o 4 at p t n n n e n n n etg to , r ce ig o ern , f n c n u d r teVI.S e4 U. C. j2 0 e3a.P iiaoy atvte aevgoo syp oe tdt e s e n e Ti I e 2 S. A. 0 0 - () M cp tl cii s r i ru l r tce o nur l i e ly e' otn igacst teEEOCa dtee ocmetjoes S eVacn eo vMes,0 F.dl1 mpoescniun ces o h n h nfre n rcs. e so cls . ee9 7 2 l, 1 3(t Ci. 9 0 Ci'ep r s o scin20 0 -' p riialnca s i t p oe th e lye wh uiie l 9h r 1 9 ) ' upoe f eto 0 e3s at p to lue s o r tc te mpo e o tl s l h c z tetcsp o ie b Co g est poe t i rg t.(nena q oainmak o te ) h o l rvd d y n rs o rtc hs ihs' itr l u tto rs mitdl. ' 6 f ii t pr alng o omot r a sgnm e twih sgnii nty dif r ntr s i lte ,orade ii e, e s i n t i fca l fe e e ponsbiii s c son c usng asg tc ntc ngei be is' i a a r ee o e a ton.Buri onl . a i i ni a ha i n neft,' s n dve s mpl ym nt c i lngt ndus- Ic v. lrh 5 4U. 7 2, 61( 9 ) seas J me v Bo z Ale Hn lo . 6 F.d3 1 n . El t, 2 S. 4 7 1 98 ; e lo p s . o - ln mi n 3 8 3 7 , e t 3 5( t Ci. 0 1 (tt t a f ra e ly n a t nt b a v re t eemu tb e ie c 7 4h r 2 0 ) sai h t o n mpo me t ci o e d e s ,h r s e vd n e ng o o at s rm i t y ac whi h a r e yafe st tr s c tonsorbe soft f Ã§ c i naor t c dve s l fct he e m , ondii di nest he p anifse ly n n.Th lw d e n tc n ea v ree ly n a to st pat ulr litf' mpo me t) e a o s o o fn d es mpo me t cin o ri a c a t. Rahe ,c t s ul tkea<' s - - s a pr hy e m i ng t uni f cor c s t r ours ho d a Ã§ca eby ca e p oac ' xa ni he que a t s r e ntt t st ton a ha 'i de e mi ngwhehe a empl r sa ton q lfe a a elva o he iua i t nd,'n t r ni t rn oye ' ci uaii s s n a v rea to .J fre v Ka s s 1 7F.d1 2 ,1 3 ( 0h Ci.1 9 )a r g tdo oh r d es cin efis . n a , 4 3 2 0 2 2 1 t r 9 8 b o ae n t e gr ndsby Bu lnct 5 U. 7 ou ri on, 24 S. 42.Typia i i aor ofan a r eempl ym e aci c l nd c t s dve s o nt ton icu ead ce s i p y, d mo in,o so j bi l o s p r io yr s o sbl y a dl s o n ld e ra e n a a e to ls f o i e r u e vs r e p n i it , n o s f t i o p ru ie f ra v n e n .Se Bt n v Go dn,1 8F.d 2 3 2 5(t Ci.1 9 ) p o tnt s o d a c me t Ã§ l : . li 7 3 5 , 5 4 h r 9 9 . i o Gconsnltvedic ge lkea o he dic r ,i a a r e e o e aci n t t t t ci s har , i ny t r s ha ge s n dve s mpl ym nt to ha wils po ta aci n f rt a ulr t iton.'W e tv.M aron M e r l Dowel ,5 F.d 493, l up r n to o mlwf eala i ' s i rel nc. 4 3 4 7( t Ci. 9 5 .<A) e l y ei c n tu t eyds h r e <fa e ly rdeieaey 9 8h r 1 9 ) 1 n mp o e s o sr ci l ic a g d i n mpo e lb rtl ( v m a st wor ng c tonsoft e pl ei olr bl i a e f t o i et e oye t ke he ki ondii he m oye nt e a e n n for t nduc he mpl e o q i.'Whte v. e sl c, 01F.d23 , 8(t Ci. 1 )( u tn Ma t v Ca air ut' itn Frd' n .6 3 1 24 4h r 20 0 q oi g ri . v le ' n Hoe Co p, F.d 1 4 ,1 5 - 4(t Ci.1 5 Th , op o eac nsr diedsh r e a tl r .48 3 3 3 3 3 5 4h ' 99 $. us t r v o tu v ic a g , r panifmu t r v t ee n s R 1 d l eae e so t ee o e ' a to a d( ) litf s p o e wo lme t: () ei rtn s f h mply rs cins n 2 b itlrbit o wo kn c n to . I a 2 8(nen lq o ai nmak o te ) W h t e a no ea ly f r ig o di ns' d. t 4 itr a u tto r s mi d . eh r n i i ' t e oyme e r nti i olrbl i d tr ne fo t ob e tveperpe i ofa mpl nt nvionme s nt ea e s eemi d rm he j ci s ctve r ao a l p ro .W ila v. a t o .n .3 0F.d4 3 4 4( hCi. 0 4 .t we e , e s n be es n l ms Gin Fo d l c, 7 3 2 , 3 4t r 2 0 ) l v r i Ho me edis ts a to w ih wor a sgn e s af e ig ofbeng unf il c ii ied, o difc to r s aif ci n t k s i m nt, e ln i a ry rtcz r f i ul r 7 unplu a two ki c tonsa enots i olr bl ast c pe a r as bl pe s nt r i ' e n r ng ondii r o nt e a e o om l e ona e r o o esgn.' J me v Bo zAle & Ha lo I c, 6 F.d3 , 7 (t Ci. 0 (ne n l u lto n s . o - ln mi na n .3 8 3 71 3 8 4 h r 20 4) itr a q o in t maksa ale ai omit . r nd tr tons ted) He e Au immaalg st a L g nss be tdh rt h ih e do e sg t n sn t y r , re le e h t o a ' u jce e o eg tne v ri h a d c zi , n t e tnedt r po the f rm i i r ci , f ld t r pond t he co pli s r que t , hr ae o e r r o nor nfa tons and aie o es o r m a nt, e ss a d i res Though s cli t tt sc nduc 1 d t he r sgnaton whi h s c lsa n nquii . he a ms ha hi o te o r ei i c he al c n tu tv dic ag , e utngi als o Ã§ g s s lr a dfi g be e h '( mpl!4 , o sr ci e s h r e r s li n o s fÃ§ e , aay n rn e n f s'Co . 0 wa ECFNo 1 tep e i i t gf cs(..h ih e do e sg ta ds r tn ,l-ast rp rhe . ) h r cpt i a t ie, eg tne v rih n c ui y t e t o e o t r an u f r n ri rcins a fiu et r s o dh rc mp an s rq e t, n iq iis aen t o mio nfa t , nd al r o e p n e o lit, e u ss a d n ure) r o o plusbl ad z e e pl e a tonsbec us t y dono o tt et d i nii a tc ngei a i y ve s m oym nt c i a e he t onsiut he s g tc n ha s n e oy e tsaus' c s a y t ar t la in cam,s eBuri l 524 U . a 761 a t ydo mpl m n t t 'ne e s r o e aito li e lnapn, S. t , nd he notplusbl s w t i olr biiyr quit ntne s a y f aconsr tvedic r . a i y ho he nt e a lt e r me ce s r or tuc i s ha gt Ac or ngl t co tgr nt Loga sm o i t d s isAure a sr t i i cli . c di y, he ur a s n' ton o im s i mm ' ealaton am 1 11. Au im ma' c re s ompli tas e t t tLoga sc a n s rs ha n' ommitd varoussae a co o lw te i t t nd mm n a t t.Loga sha m ovedt d s isba e on VW CA' e usviy pr vii whih s c fe ors n' s o im s s d S xcl i t o son, c pe ii s t tt ii sa rme esgheenl... xcl ealohe rght a rme e ofs he oy e ha he Ã§ght nd e di t ri r e ud l t r i s nd e dis uc mpl e . ,. o a c u t s c ij r l s o sr ieo d ah' . d j6 .- 0 4 .Al imma n c o n of u h nu y,o s f e vc r e t . 'Va Co e 52 3 7 A) z e r ag e ta t eVW CA' e lsvi p o iin d n tb rh rsaelw camsb c u eb rij r ru s h t h S xcu i t r v so s o o a e tt a li e a s e nu y y (e u l sa t ddn tt rs o to ' e e ly n a teS p e Cou t f r ii h s sx a a sul i o Ã§ ie u f h r mpo me t s h u rme r o Vign a m ) a de d t tt r . Thecou tag e swih Aure sne ha e ms r re t immaa de e Loga sm o i . nd ni s n' ton Th VW CA a pl st ij re b a cd n t rsn o to a d i t c ureof a e p i o nu is y c ie t ' ii g u f n n he o s ' n e a idvd a' e o me t Va Co ej6 23 0 W h na e ly es san s c a ij r , t n iiu ls mply n , . d 5.-0 . e n mpo e u ti s u h n nu y he 8 VW CA pr de t e l i r medy a i tt e oye .Ras c v.ThePitt Co.237 ovi s he xcusve e gans he mpl r nik tson , Va 6 8 6 0( 9 9 .Totee tn t ta e ly esij r i n t t i t ea io te .5 ,6 1 8) h xe t ha n mpo e ' nu y s o wihn h mbt f h VW CA,t e oy sco mon 1 w r me e a i thi empl ra e pr e ve u mpar d. he mpl ee' m a e dis gans s oye r es r d ni ie A4 msv Ala Te hs se . n .2 Va 5 4 5 9( 0 : Orf hv Ra e Re As Co l a . l nt c v tms I c, 61 . 9 , 9 2 01 ift . v n d h a i C(,1 9Va 7 0 7 ( 9 2 .Anij r i wi nt ea io t eVW CA o yi teij r ) 7 . 9 , 98 1 4 ) , nu y s t h mbt f h hi nl f h nu y s tsi bo ht Ã§ rsng outo 'a t tnt c s o 'pr aifes t he t i i a f nd he t he oure f' ongsoft sa ut . TheVigni i he tt e ri a tu e co t co itntyhedt tC na a suli E s t t e o a not prme ur has nsse l l ha Ã§ whe n sa t s peronal o he mplyee nd drce a an tge )a a e ly eo b c u eo geqe o me t t ij r d e n t rs ie td g is h r s n mp o e r e a s f h r mply n,he n u y o s o aie o to t e ly n .' Bu lrv. .Sae Co p.n .2 0Va 45 , 6 ( 0 5 ( u tn u fhe mpo me t' te S tts o .l c, 7 . 9 4 6 2 0 ) q oig ' Rih n Ne p p r v. z l o , 4 Va 3 9 3 3( 9 5) s eas Re me v. tlS rs c mo d ws a e s Ha ewo d 2 9 . 6 , 7 1 9 ); e lo n r Na' ev . I d s, 3 Va 4 6 4 ( 9 9 ; ec l v A. . p sM o i gSev .I c, 3 Va 4 4 4 0 n u .2 7 . 6 , 71 1 8 ) M t af . M Ex ms y n r s. n .2 0 . 6 , 7 ( 9 6 ) t o Rih n v Br xo , 3 Va 1 ,1 5( 9 5 .I c nr s, rij r o c r Ã§n 1 8 ) Ci f c mo d . a tn 2 0 . 61 6 1 8 ) n o ta t alnu y c u s s y i 1 c s of'a i vi lse pl e whe i oc tr wihi t s ope oft e pl he our e ' Ã¹ ndi dua ' m oym nt n t c ts t n he c he m oyme t n r ltons p. B uter 270 v a. a 466. ea i hi 5 l , t Bute i i tuctve. I Bute ,t p antf wa a s ule 4i t c s of' r lr s nsr i n l r he l i if s s a t d Ã§n he our e 'he empl oyme , l s a t c r rwho a s ule he we e i t pr es ofm a ng nt whie he nd he owo ke s a t d r r n he oc s ki a ho eddei i f t c ut dz lveres or he ompa Be us t a s ul wa pe s lt t pl ntf a no ny. ca e he s a t s r ona o he ai if nd t dr ce a an t e b c us o he sausa a e ly e t ec u t edt a t ij r ddn t ie td g i s h r e a e f r tt s n mpo e ,h o r h l h t he nu y i o R rs outof' re oym e t Bute , Va. t466.Si ebo h pr a ie he mpl n . lr 270 a nc t ongswe enots tss d, t r a ite he e l i t pr vii nsoft VW CA we en ti r Aure ma' ca easpl d i a l us xcusviy o so he r ot rggeed. im s s e s naogo 5Thewor in t cou s of'a ec m ony c f rd t rf t t tm e pl ,a cicu tnc ds t he r e ' r om i l onsdee o eer o he i , ace nd r msa es unde whi a i den occ r d.An i dentoc r Ki t cou s oP'e oyme whe i tkesplcewi nt r ch n nci t ure nci cus n he re mpl nt n t a a t he hi pe i ofe oyment a apl ewhe et e o mayber na y e tdt be) an whiet e plyeei rod mpl , t ac r he mplyee e%o bl xpece o d l he m o s r as bl f flngt dutesofhe empl ntori d ngs t ngwhih i r as na y i denalt r . Se t ona y ulil he i i r oyme s oi omthi c s e o bl nci t hedo e Sute Fis on . nk . nc 3 spp 7 3 75 E, Va 99 ) q oi V trv. rtUni NatBa ofVa.I ., 9 2F.u . 5 , 9( D. .1 6 ( u t gCo n rv Br ,203 n n e . azg - a 2 4 2 (9 2) . 0 , 08 16 ). 9 t Bu lr Au imm aalege t the c wo ke s ualy a s ule herwhiei asor gecos ta o te . re l s ha r o r r ex l s a t d l n t a l e t t r sa a t Si et a l a i i Aure a' co ant t ke a tue,m ihte ibls t a he e t ur n . nc he leg tons n imm s mpl i , a n s r g s ih h t h rc wo k rsa sutwa p ro a t h r(n teeo eddn t'rs o to'he e o r e ' sa l s es n l o e a d h rf r i o t ie u f r a ' e ly nl6Au immassaelw camsaen tn c saiys j c t tee lsvt mpo me t, re ' tt a li r o e es rl ube t o h xcu i i y pr ii oft vw cA. Ac or ngl t c tde esLogan' m oton t dim ist s ov sons he 7 c di y, he our ni s i o s s ho e cl i A . an s I . V Ba e ont f r goi r ons t cou tde e Loga sm otonst dim isAu im l ' s d he o e ng eas , he r nis n' i o s s re na s s xua haasm e tcli a he sa elw cam s a gr n sLoga sm oto t dimis e l r s n am nd r t t a li , nd a t n' in o s s Aure imma' cam ofr t lai s li e ai ton. .e . ' ..* .+ v * : ' pz.. y. . .. . . # .4 . . .* v' . ENTER : Nove b r 1 201 m e 9, 2. :r w . e . a, Fr ,' . ' @ js pp yr , , r) 23 - . . ' ., > ' z z' y . # ' .> e' #. # / z' ez . x UX I TED STATES DI STRI J CT UDGE 6Lo n' as a guest Au imma' a lgain o r s nde s ro la lt bar he cli unde t ga s lo r hat re s le to f epo at upe ir ibiiy s r am r he VWCA b cueiidc tsta teij yo c re i tec us o h re o me .Ho v r a teS p e e a s tn iae h th nur c urd n h o re f e mply nt we e, s h u rme Cour ofVigi aexpli d i Buter t r ni ane n l , Topedrso d a sp ro la ii , panifmu t l g ta teij r cusdb tea t fa la ep n e t u eir ibly a litf s al e h th nuy a e y h c o n t e e l e . .. oc r d wihi t s o of t e o nt r ltons p. Thi i diecl mpoye cure t n he c pe he mplyme eai hi s s r ty a ao o st a ijr < tec u s o>a idvd a' e ly n frpup s so e cu iiy n lg u o n nuy i h o re f n n iiu ls mpo me t o ro e f x lsvt n u d rteAc.Ho v r /l'so l o p o go h a a i. T ee cz /f pr vso o d n e h t we e, /Ã¢i ny ne rn fte n bss h x llv/ o iin fco e / / . y 6 .-0 apl so l t a f l. 8 t 'rsn o to a d ' tec us o a idiiu ls 523 7 p i ny o n z z) 0h a iig u f' n i h o re f n n vd a ' e y 7 rz n e o nt Code 65. 300. The e rquie nt f compe biiy ofacl m a i tr fr mplyme . 2s e r me s or nsa lt ai nd, n u n, o t e l i t oft r he xcusviy he emedy oft Actar nots ymous he , e ynon , I.e h ssa d d ; e as R&T I e t ns Ld v J h s 2 8Va 2 , 2( 9 4) d (mp ai d e ) se lo nv sme t- t. ,o n , 2 . 49 25 1 8 . 1M o eo , t e e sIngua ofAuremm a' c pl ntneve us t tr fa ii ou ot'he sa u r ver he xpr s a ge i s om ai r es he e m drsng t ' r tt s asa empl me 't o y lngu ge s us si ase tngr s nde ts pei labiiy i whees algest n oy nt he nl a a he e n sri e po a u ror i lt s r he le hat , Do ' c n utwa ' t nt so eo hse lyme t'( mpl4 , No 1) es o d c s t hi he c p f i mpo n ' Co . 4 ECF . . wi 10

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