Gemaehlich v. Deputies John Does et al, No. 7:2012cv00263 - Document 184 (W.D. Va. 2013)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Samuel G. Wilson on 11/21/2013. (eot)

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-..1. ( q .= $ e . . CL : OFFI U. ' 33. ERK' CE S. DI çuwa . AT ROANOKE. VA FIED L N 21 2 1 0# 23 PI L . I T H E UN I N TED STA TES DI STRI T C O UR T C FOR TH E W ESTERN DI STRI OF VI NI CT RGI A ROANOK E DI SI VI ON EX CLEM CU RK M I H A EL G EM AE H LI N C CH Ci lA ct on N o.7: cvvi i 12- 00263 Pl nt f , ai i f M EM O M ND U M O PI O N NI V. O CTAVI L.JOH NSON,e aI, A t . D ef endant s. By:Sam ue G .W is l l on Uni St es D i ri Judge ted at st ct Thi i a a to b M iha Ge hlc unde 42U. C.j 1 a i tdefnda s s s n cin y c el mae ih r S. 983 gans e nt, Roanoke Ciy She ifde tesJ nnie Ca l han,Fr nk Porer Ker e h Fer e l a St phe t rf pu i e f r la a t, m t r l, nd e n Sut ra i t i i vi lc pac tes a l gi t tt de i us d e e s ve f c a i t he l nd, n he r ndi dua a ii , le ng ha he putes e xc s i or e ga ns hi whie hewa apr ti de ane a t Roa keCiy J i.Ge a hlc cli st de i m l s eral t i e t he no t al m e ih am he putes us d e svef cewhiea itng hi i o t J i a lt rwhiet y plc hi i ac l. e xces i or l dm ti m nt he al nd a e l he a ed m n e l Thed fnd n sh vemo dfrsu ma yj g n ag igt yu e a p o raef r eu d r ee a t a ve o tn r ud me t r un he s d p r p it o c n e t cic s a esa a 1 i esa i a e nt a e e tted t qua ii i m uniy. Fo t he r um t nc t l tm nd, n ny ve , r n il o lted m t r he f l ngras ,t c twilgrnts olowi e ons he our l a umma yj r udgme a t t c nt s o he onduc t toc ureddtrng t ha c r li i a a wilde t moton a t t e unt rt talege y t plc i t c l. nt ke nd l ny he i s o he nco e ha l dl ook a e n he e l l t lg m os f vo a e t G e ae i h,t r l ntf t a e a f l s Of i r n he i ht t a r bl o m hlc he e eva ac s r s olow . fce s a r t G e ae i h a t hi t t Roa r esed m hlc nd ook m o he noke Ciy J i on N ove be 1 201 D l i t al m r 6, 0. z ng r i a a t doc tng c nt ke t he ke i ount r de i Fe r l a Por e i t u t d G e a hlc t kee hi e , putes r e l nd t r ns r c e m e ih o p s ha o t c t ri f onto hi .G e ae i h di r ga de t i t u ton,r m ove hi ha nds n he oun e n r f m m hlc s e r d he ns r c i e d s nds f om t cot t ,and r r he m er eached dow n t lftup hi pantl I r oi s eg. n esponse,deputesFer el and i r l Pore pus d Ge a hlc sc tont t c era he d hi down by hi nec A vi o tr he m e ih' hes o he ount nd l m s k. de r co di c pt e t s e nt .De i Fe r l Pore ,a Ca lhant n handc f d e r ng a ur d he e ve s putes rel, tr nd la he ufe Ge hlc a es re hi t ac l Ac or ngt Ge hlc Ca lha r moved amates mae i h nd co td m o el. c di o mae i h, la n e tr s f om t m e a be h i i t c l,a t de i pus d G e ae i h' f c down ont t r he t l nc ns de he e l nd he putes he m hlc s a e o he metlbe h, pi hi ha r src e a nc kee ng s nds e tit d.W hie Ge a hlc wasi obii d, hede i l m e ih mm lze t putes sr c hi he d,ba a n msa o m ae y 20tm e .De t S he l nd obs r e t al ge tu k s a ck, nd r ppr xi t l i s pu y ut ra e v d he le d at c wihouti e v ng.Ge a hlc wa s r a i a as ngwhy t de iswer ta k t ntr eni m e i h s c e m ng nd ki he pute e be tng hi . The e i no r o d ng oft se ot t . Ge ae i h a l ge he s zf r vmi ai m r s ec r i hi nc m er m hlc le s lf e ed ous c usonsa a a i al wih a fa t et hi rghtffh m eac m al ont i nd br sons ong t r cur o s i it t a . I I. Thedef nda sc t ndt undiput d f dss e nt on e he s e a how t y a t d r as bl unde t he c e e ona y r he c r l s a s f t pur e ofm a nt i ng a s f envionm e a di nota outofm a i e or iclm t nce or he pos i a ni ae r nt nd d ct lc f rt pur eofpunihi Gemae i h. Ther r ng o t i a enc e s t ta es o he pos s ng hlc eco di f he nt ke ount r ubsan it t de e n s c e i n a ei naesa d s e m ae i lf c a t t ta pe tofhi he f nda t ' ontnto nd lmi t ny iput d t ra a t s o ha s c s c a m . The cour c li t anno fnd t s m e f t enc t i he n or he ount ri t c l,f whi h t r i no e n he e l or c he e s r co di a genui i s ofm ae ilf tr m ai e r ng nd ne s ues tra ac e n. Sz r j d me ts o l b a r e i t emo n pat p it t maeil i t l mmay u g n h ud e wa d d f h vig ry o ns o tras n he r co d t ts e r ha how t ei G genui diput a t an m a e i f c a t mova i e il t her s l no ne s e s o y t ral a t nd he nt s ntted o j d me ta amatro lw. Fe R. v. 5 () Ge e al , thes mmayj d me tsa e u g n s te f a ' d. Ci P. 6 c . n rly a t u r u g n tg , ' t cour vi t f c si t lg m os f vor bl t t nonm o ng pa t He yv. he t ews he a t n he i ht t a a e o he vi ry. nr Pum e l l, 5 F.d37 37 (t Ci. 00 ) Ho v r f cst t ve di tel h mo tfv rb e 01 3 4, 7 4 h r 2 7 . we e, a t l be iwe n h i t s a o a l mus g t t nonm ovi pary onl i t r i a ç nui di put a t t e f c s' Sc tv. a rs 550 o he ng t y f he e s ge ne' s e s o hos a t . ot H r i , ' U. 372,38 ( S. 0 2007) W hiet fmci oft c t t s . l he t ton he our athe umma yj r udgme sa ti nott nt tge ts o de e mi t tu h oft ma tro t wegh c edi lt 't c t 'wilnotdefrt ale tons t r ne he r t he te r o i r biiy, he o ut l ' e o lga i 2 ta aed ou tryd sr dtdb ter c r 't a n ra o a l j r c udb l v s c a h t r d te l ic e ie y h e o d'h t o e s n b e u y o l ei e u h s e tvii efci n. J Hol ng Co. c sbl i to ' KC ' di LLC v. a hi W s nzmn SporsVe t r . nc.26 F. 459,465 . n u es I , 4 3d t (t Ci. ).Fori tnc wher avi orcor ngc pt est c 4h r 2001 nsa e, e de e di a ur he onduc a is t c t t t sue,he our wi t iwg t f csi t elg d p ce b te(e o dng . I a 3 . l t e l he a t n h iht e itd y h rc r i q' d. t 81 lv ' d l idi nt s il sg v r me to t asp ro migds rto a yfmcins i i e mmu iy hed o e n n f l ef r n icein r t t oua f ki o fo pe s lc pa iylabiiyf ci lda st rj1 i ofra t i cond tdoesnot r m rona-a ct i lt or vi mage mde 983,ns a s her uc vi ae cea l esa ihe sa u or orc tt i lrg sofwhi h ar s bl pe s n woul ol t l ry t bls d t t t y onsiutona i ht c ea ona e r o d h v ktwn. Ca b l v Galwa , 3F.d2 , 7 ( t Ci. 0 7 (iain o te ) a e r ' mp el . l y 48 3 58 2 0 4h r 2 0 ) ctto s mitd . o ' o Qu lfe i mi r q ie t ec u toc n u tt iq iis ( )wh te tealg dfcs aiid mmt t e ur s h o r t o d c wo n ure : 1 eh r h l e a t y e ûta e i t elg tmo t a r bet t p rya srigteijl . . h w teo t rs ç l k n n h i h s fvo a l o he a t se t h nt y . s o h fke ' l n r c onduc vi atdac tt i lrg ,'d. t201 and( whehe t pa tc a rghttwa t ol e onsiutona iht'I a ; 2) t r he riulr i t s ce rye tbih di tes ct c n e to t ec s- t a i,( eh r iwa ce rt a lal sa ls e n h pe i o tx f h a e h t s wh te ) t s la o k r as bl ofk e t tt c e ona e t r ha he onduc i whih hea l edl e ge wa unlwfz i t st ton tn c leg y nga d s a t n he iuai l hec r e 'M e c v. uer 677F.d 656,662( h Ci. 2)(iai omit .û rg onfontd. r h. Ba , ' 3 4t r 201 ctton ted) $ iht A i c ea l es a i hed i t c o tsoft rghta e s fc e l c e r s t ta r s bl of i e s l ry t bls f he ont tr he i r uf i i nty l a o ha ea ona e f c r w oul ha t de s ood,t de t c r um s a e a hand,t thi be vi r vi at t rght' d ve m r t m r he i c t nc s t ha s ha o ol ed he i .' Baievv.Ke dv,349F. 731, ( h Ci.2003) l nne 3d 741 4t r .Quaiidi lfe mmuniya i t e si t pples o xce sve f ce c a m s a t i s ofe es i f c and qua ii d i m t iy ar nots i erw i d ast or l i , nd he s ue xc sve or e lfe m m t e o nt t ne o be t r t d a one ques i t be de i d by t t i o f c . Sa i rv. a z,533 U . 1 t ea e s t ton, o c de he rer f a t' uc e K t ' S. 94 ( 01.Ho v r i i ads rto ayc l a t ç ih o t et p o gso teq lfe 20 ) we e ,t s icein r al s o û c f h wo r n f h uaiid wh i m t t a ys s s d be add e s fr ti lghtoft c r um s anc i t pa tc a c e a m miy nal i houl r s ed is n i he i c t es n he r i ul r as t hand.' a s v. l n,555U. 223( 'Pe ron Calaha S. 2009) . TheDuePr es Clus oft Fouree t Ame e g r exc svef r c am sof oc s a e he t nh ndm nt ove ns es i o ce l i aprtildeane Se Youl v.PrnceGe g sCnt e d.355F. 751 758( hCi. era ti e. e m i or e' v.M , 3d , 4t r 2004) . To e tbls aus off cea c tt i ly i r isbl S mihme ' hepl n iftmus sa ih e or s onsiutonal mpe m s i e t s nt't aitf s t pt s et rt i was(1 i e wih a e ese i e t punihor( notras bl how ihe hatt ) mpos d t n xpr s d ntnt o s 2) e ona y r ltdt algtmaeno - u i v g v r me tl b e to i whc c s a itn t p ns eae o e ii t n p nt e o e n na o j cin,n ih a e n n e t o u ih i ma bei erd. M oni o v.J r n, 0W L 3783 2,* ( . Va. )(ii Belv. y nfre ' ' s n oda 201 45 7 W D. 2010 ctng l W ofs , 41U. 5 0 5 5( 9 9 l t ewo d o t eSu rmeCo r, h plitf mu ts o lih 4 S. 2 , 3 1 7 $. n h r s f h p e u tt e anif s h w t de e nt' i lc ed unne es a y a w a t pa n a s f rng.' Ta orv.M cDuf i 1 he f nda t nfi t t c s r nd n on i nd uf e i '' yl fe, 55 F.d4 9 4 3( t Ci.1 9 )( u t W hte v. b r, 7 U. 31 , 2 ( 9 6) I 3 7 , 8 4h r 9 8 q oi ng ily Ale s 4 5 S. 2 3 0 1 8 ). n a yz ng pr t i ldet ne e es i f c cl i s c t f us on t he he t f r a i d nal i e ra ai e xc sve or e a m , our s oc s t r he o ce pple w wa i a g f ih efor t mai ai orr sor dici i orm ai ousy a s ditc l f t s n ood at f t o nt n e t e s plne lci l nd a sialy or he v z p r s o c u igh r 'S wv rv. b r 2 3W L 40 6 8 , t* ( t Ci. g. 3 e. u po e f a sn a m. a e As uy, 01 y ' 5 1 6 a 6 4h r Au 1 , 201 ) Alhoug ofi r aege rlynotla ef fii t a t apli ifma esa ih 3 . t h fces r neal ibl or alng o c, antf y tbls bysa rla lt by s tnde i biiy howi t tt bysa ng ha he t nderofk e :kne t ta he ofi rwa vi a i t r w ha not r fce s oltng t pl ntf ' c tt i rght , ar as bl opporuniy t pr ve t vi a i a he ai ifs onsiutonal i s had e ona e t t o e nt he olton, nd c s no t a tRa d l v. rn eGe r e' Cn ys d, 0 F.d 1 8 2 ( t Ci. 0 2 ; ho e t o c. n al P ic o g s t .M .3 2 3 8 , 03 4h r 2 0 ) W ilsv.Oa s 493F.Supp. 776, 4( . Va. li ke , 2d 78 W D. 2007) . Ge hlc sc am t tt de tesvi a e hi Fou te h Am e mae ih' l i ha he pu i olt d s re nt ndmentrg sby i ht s b e tngh m t e c sief r ea teitk c u trd e n t t tn s rtn Thevd o u j ci i o x e sv oc t h n a e o n e o s o wi a d cuiy. hs ie r co di whi h t Cour hasr vi w e s s Ge a hlc sandi a t i a c mt rw ih e r ng, c he t e e d, how m e i h t ng t he nt ke ot e t hi ha r si o t s f ceoft c e a t n s s nds e tng n he m a he ount r nd he udde y r c ngt r hi pa l g. nl ea hi owa d s nt e Att tpoi , hede i q c y r a t d t r tan Ge a hlc a t i i twa s ha nt t putes ui kl e c e o esr i m e ih, nd he noden s oon ove . l lghtoft r cor ng,t c t i i t s a e t tt de i us d r as r n i he e di he our f nds t mdi put bl ha he putes e e onabl e 4 f c i agood f ih e f t o m ant i a r so edic plne,notm ai i l a s ditc ly f or e n at for t i an nd e t r s i i lcousy nd a sia l or t pu pos ofc usng G e ae i h ha m . The e o e tec u t l g a ts mmayj d me ta he r e a i m hlc r r f r , h o r wi r n u l r ug n s t t ee nt . o hos ve s Ge a hlc al o m ai ai t de i us d e s i f c whie pl c ng hi i t m e ih s nt ns he putes e xce s ve or e l ai m n he c l Ac or ng t hi deposton t tmony,t deputespus d hi f c i o a me a be h, el. c di o s ii esi he i he s a e nt t l nc i mobii d hi ,a r peaedl srlk hi wihoute n t si ht s pr aton, es tng i m lze m nd e t y ttc m t ve he lg e t ovoc i r uli n c us ons a a as o and a br n tng . A 1 t whie,a co di t G e a hlc D e y ont i nd br i ns oke i er 1 he l c r ng o m e i h, put Sut r a w ines e t e nt a de pie ha ng t op t niy,f ie t i e ve The he l nd t s d he ve , nd s t vi he por u t a l d o nt r ne. de e nt de ii t la t aly dif r nts o y c e i t tunr c de e ot t r The f nda s' postons el ot l f e e t r onc m ng ha e or d nc m e . c t ho ve ,i nota lbe t t c our, we r s t i ry o hoos be we n t s t sores a i i oc ure t e t e he e wo t i , nd, f t c r d,he pur ees be tng Ge a hlc de c i wo d ha vi ae t DuePr es Clus o t pos l s a i m e ih s rbes ul ve olt d he oc s a e f he Fo t e h Am e m e ,a Sut r a ha a d y t i e v ne M o e ve , he de i s a e not ur e nt nd nt nd he l nd d ut o nt r e . r o r t pute r e il d t qualfe i muniy f t c ntte o iid m t or he onduc Gemae i h de c i be a et i e i na, t hlc s rbes c us he nt nto l pum os l sbe tngwoul ha vi a e Ge ehlc scl ry esabls c tt i rght, ees a i d ve olt d ma ih' ea l t ihed onsiutonal i s a ar as bl ofi rwoul haver cog z t svi ai Thecou q t r or ,mus l ve nd e ona e fce d e nied hi ol ton. r he ef e t ea t dee nai oft diputdmatra fct oft sas tofGe e ih' cam t t j r he tnni ton he s e eil a s hi pec ma hlc s li o he u y. 1 11. Fo t ef r g igra o ,hec u t lg a ts mmayj g n a t t u eo f r ea r h o e on e s ns t o r wil rn u r ud me t s o he s f o c t t itkee untra de sl r j he na nco e nd ny tmmay udgmen ast t e t e i t cel t o he ncomtr n he l. ENT ER :Thi 21 tda ofN o m be , 3. s s y ve r 201 , Z . >e . .z' , . m.''j ''' -' ' . ' , .. ' ' ;< . G . . . ' > I TED STA TES D ISTR I COU RT JUD G E CT

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