Dixon v. Clark, No. 7:2012cv00205 - Document 31 (W.D. Va. 2013)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 01/16/2013. (kab)
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CL : OFFI 0.S. ERK' CE DZX O URT ATR oK < FIED L J 15 2 1 AN 93 I TH E UN I N TED STATES DI STR I C O U R T CT FOR TH E W E STERN D I STRI O F V I G I I CT R N A RO A N O K E DIV ISIO N LA M A R DIX O N , J I . MLA D CA SE N O .7: 12CV 00205 Petti i oner, V. M EM O R AN DU M O PI O N NI Dl cTo R D EPA RTM EN T u oFcol èTl , c oxs By GlnE. na : e Co rd Chi fU ni e St e D i t i tJudge e t d at s s r c Respondent . Ln a Di m r xon,a V igi a i a e pr ee ng pr K ,fl t speii n f a wrtofha s r ni nm t oc di o ied hi tto or i bea . c pus purua t 28U. C.j2254,c le ngt vai t ofhi deentonunde t J , or , s nt o S. halngi he ldiy s t i r he une zo 8j d me to t eCic i Co r frAle h n Comt c n itngh m o d u o fnss o u g n f h r ut u to lg a y t y o vci i f r g fe e . Upon r vi w oft r co d,t co tc l e e he e r he ur oncudest tt r s ha he e ponde ' m o i t dimi smus be nts ton o s s t gr nt d. a e I Di f ce t c r esi t Cic tCour f Aleg ny Cou y f pos e so wih xon a d wo ha g n he r ui t or l ha nt or s s i n t teitn t dsrb t ac nr le s b tn e sc n o s b e ue t fe e( s No . 7 h ne t o itiue o to ld u sa c , e o d r u s q n o fns Ca e s CR0 1 4 0 a - ) A j r ft Dio g i yo b t o fn e a r c mme d da5 - e rp io 6 - 0 nd 01 . u y omd x n ul f oh fe s s nd e o n e 0 y a rs n t t r ,w hi h t Cour i pos d by tna or r e t r d J 1 2008. em c he tm e i l de n e e une 3, Di a xon ppeae TheCour ofAppea sofVigi a d e Di spe ii f a ld. t l r ni enid xon' tton or ppea by l or rdae M a 29,2009( c dNo.1 08-) a t Supr meCour ofVigi arf e hi de td y Re or 4- 3 , nd he e t r ni e usd s s e nta lbyor rdae M ac 23,201 ( c dNo. 211 . ubsque ppea de td rh 0 Re or 09 2) The Suprem e CourtofV i ni r ved Di s petton f a w rtofhabeas cor on rgi a ecei xon' ii or i pus Aprl4,2011( c dNo.11 i Re or 73686) Thi peii alge 1 goundsf rle smia t t . s tton le d 4 r or eif i lr o he cŠ. g om dsr s d i Di sf de a ha aspe ii n.By or rda e J nua y 1 201 t Supr m e rt aie n xon' e r l be tto de t d a r 0, 2, he e Co tofV igi a f ur r ni ound t tDi ss a e ha aspe ii w asuntm e y f l d unde Vi gi a ha xon' t t be tton i l ie r r ni Co ej8016 4 A)2 ( n ai gt a ah b a p tto c aln igaci n l u g n b d . - 5 ( () ma d tn h t a e s ei n h le gn rmia j d me t e i fldwihnt y a sfo fn l u g n i t etil o r o o y a fo c mplto o ie t i wo e r r m i a j d me tn h ra c u t r ne e r r m o ein f die ta alore rtonoftmefrflngs ha alwhihe ri ltr.TheCour de e rc ppe xpiai i o ii uc ppe , c ve s ae) t nid Di sm o i t t l a s e e a pl di a hi pe ii f rr he rng, e pe tve y,by xon' ton o i e uppl m nt l ea ng nd s tton o e a i r s c i l o de sda e M a ch 1 a Apr l26,201 r r t d r 5 nd i 2. Di sg a dae hi j2 4peii onM a 1 201 algi 1 gr xon ined nd td s 25 tton y , 2, le ng 4 oundsf or r i . Ther ponde move t dim isDi speii a pr e aly def ule a t i y elef es nt d o s s xon' tton s oc dur l a t d nd mtmel fld.Se 28U. C.j22444 Di r ponde butt ra trmove f a wa grnt ie e S. *. xon es d, hee fe d or nd s a ed la t n e ve o mendhi peii s a t a f mor cams( Nos 24& 26) Thers s tton o s o dd our e li ECF . . eponde nt fld a s e nt lm o i t dim ist a nd peii ie uppl me a ton o s s he me ed tton.The c tnotfe Di n oft our ii d xo he m o i buthedi notfl a addii r pons a hi tm et r pl ha pas e m a ng t ton, d ie ny tonal es e, nd s i o e y s s d, ki he m a t rpe f di pos ton. ter i or s ii 11 Ha e sp tto sfldu d rj2 5 aes be to ao - e rpeido lmiain 28 b a eiin ie n e 2 4 r u j c t ney a ro f i tto . U. C. 2 4 ( )1 .Ge eal,hsp ro b gn t rm fo t ed t o whc t ej g n S. 1 2 4 d ( ) n rly t i eid e is o t r m h ae n ih h ud me t ofc c i be m e fna ,whe t a lbiiy o die tr viw i e use Se 28U . C. onviton co s i l n he vaia lt f r c e e s xha t d. e S. j224 d)1( . U nder28U S. j2244( ( ,heoneye tlngpei i t l whiea 4( ()A)l C. d)2)t - arii rod s oled l n . 1U1 râ 2 44 d)l ,h o - e rp ro oflmiai f rtl ah b speii u e 12 4 1 de 2 ( ( )t e ney a e id i tton o ii ng a ea tton nd r 25 begi t r on t l es off pos bl dat ns o un he at t our si e es: ( t daeo whiht ej dg ntb c mefna b tec ncuso ofdie tr ve o A) he t n c h u me e a i l y h o l in rc e iw r t expiaton oft tme f se ng such r vi , he r i he i or eki e ew' i ae' E o l fld a ia i f St t pos- onviton orot rcolatr r vi w'i nm t s i pery ie pplc ton or ae tc c i pr he l e al e e ' s pe ng. Bec us sat oy tmelmisonsaepeii ar û ondii s t flnp'a ndi a e t utl i i t tt ttons e t tonlq o ii ' n c untmeypeii i notç opel il 'frpupossoft lngu rj2244( ( .Aruzv. i l tton s ç ry ed' o pr e oli nde d)2) t Be t 531U. 4,11( nnet, S. 2000) . The Su em e Cour ofV i g ni de e D i sdiec a a o M a c 23,201 pr t r i a ni d xon' r t ppe l n r h 0. Di n' c cinsbe mefna t rj2244( ( )A) andhi one- a tlngperodunde xo s onvito cn i l mde d)1( , s ye r ii i r t ts e ton be n t rm ,on J 21 2010, he t 90 da pe i f hi t f l a pe ii ha ubs c i ga o t une , w n he - y rod or m o ie tton f awrtofc ri a ii t Unie SttsSuprmeCou te r d. Se Sup CtR.1 ( ) One or i e torr n he td ae e r xpie 2 e . 31. . yea ltr onJ 21 2011 Di so runiyt fl atmel j225 peiine r Di n r ae, une , , xon' ppo t t o ie i y 4 tto xpied. xo di no e ut hi fdealha aspeiin u iM a 1 201 ( No.1 , nddi notexe ut d t xec e s e r be tto ntl y , 2 ECF )a d c e hi n e s m nded pe ii untlA ug t23, 201 ( tton i us 2 ECFNo. , tt eales. Thus D i spetton 24) a he ri t3 , xon' ii i untmel fl unde j2244( ( )A) s i y ied r d)1( . Di a r t ase tt thi a edj225 cli aetmeyunde xon ppeas o sr ha s mend 4 ams r i l r j2244( ( )D) bec us t f a nde cai aei ydic red .'( No. a 4. d)1( , a e he our me d l ms r l newl s ove g l' ECF 26, t ) Thi apl ntfis Subs ci 2 d)1( al c lultonofaha speii rsfdeal s r me al. e ton 244( ( )D) lows ac ai bea ttone ' e r ( t d t o whiht i dme t fln a a lc to ce tdb Stt a to i B) he ae n c he mpe i nt o iig n ppiain rae y ae cin n vi aton oft Consiuton orlw soft Unie St t i r ol i he tt i a he t d aes s emoved,i t applcantwas f he i pr event fom flng by such St e a i ed r ii at cton; ( t daeo whiht ec nsiu i a rg tase tdwa i tal rc niedb t C) he t n c h o ttton l ih sre s niil e og z y he y Supr m e Cour,i t rghthasbee newl r e t f he i n y ecogni by t Supr eCourtandm ade zed he em r toa i y applcabl t cas on colat alr vi or e r ctvel i e o es l er e ew; ( tedaeo whiht fcu lp e c t o t cli orcamspr s ne c d h ve D) h t n c he a ta r diae f he am li e e td oul a been dicover d t ough t e r s ofduedii e. s e hr he xe cie lgenc 2 Se H ilv. axt , 27 F.d 7 ,7 4( t Ci. 0 (Gfn peiin f awrtofc rir r i e l Br on 7 3 01 0 4h r 20 2) E o tto or i e to a i s l fl i t Unie St t Supr eCour,t t lm ia i perod begi nmni whe t tme f ied n he t d a es em t hen he i t ton i ns ng n he i or d ng s - 90d ys- h sea e ' . oi o a a lps d.) ' 3 A prsone shabe pe ii i dee ed fl when hedelver i t prs ofi al f m aii i r' as tton s m ied i s t o ion fci s or lng t tec ur.Sç Rul 3( , esGov r i j2 4 Ca e ;Ho t nv. c ,48 U. 2 ( 988 . o h o t e e d) Rul e nng 25 s s uso La k 7 S. 66 1 ) flngpe i fom t da eon whih hec d frtha dic r tl ii rod r he t c oul is ve s ove ed, iuough t e r ie ofdue t he xe c s dii nc 't fcsnec s ayt hi j2254cai .Di doesnoti ntf a fc pe tne t lge e, he a t e s r o s ' l ms xon de iy ny a t ri nt o hi a e d c a m st tw a unk w n t hi a t tm e ofti l Thus D i f ist s m nde l i ha s no o m t he i ra . , xon a l o de onsr t a g o md f r c l a i oft tm e i s ofhi a e d cl i s unde m ta e ny r t o a cul ton he i lne s s m nde a m r j2244( ( )D) d)1( . Di as doe notale fcsonwhihhi j2254peii c dbede xon lo s lge a t c s tton oul emedtmey i l t rj2244( ( )B) ba e ont r mova ofa i di ntorj2244( ( )C) bas o a mde d)1( , s d he e l n mpe me , d)1( , ed n ne r toaci Supr w, er tve eme Cour de ii t cson.The e or ,Di spe ii i untm el unde a l r f e xon' tton s i y rl s e tonsofj22444 a i bardfom r viw oft me ist es hede tae s ubsci d) nd s re r e e he rt ml s monsrts ome g o m d f r sa ut y orequia e t lng. r t o t t or t bl oli Di f l t d xon ais o emonsr t t the i en ild t sa ut y t li oft flng pe i unde tae ha s tte o tt or o lng he ii rod r j2244( ( .Bec us t SuprmeCour ofVigi adimis dDi ssat ha aspeii a d)2) a e he e t r ni s se xon' t e be tton s l i yfl t speii wasnott ope l fl 'orpupos oft lngunde j2244( ( . mtmel ied,hi tton t ry ied'f r es oli pr r d)2) Aruz,531U. a 11 The e or Di i note tte t t lng o t f der lflngperod t S. t . r f e, xon s n ild o oli f he e a ii i dtrng t tm e w he hi sa e ha spe ii pe d i t Supr m e Co tofV igi a 4 li he i n s t t bea tton nde n he e ur r ni . Equia et lngi onl a ia ei fdea ha aswheet peii rs wst t ( ) tbl oli s y valbl n e rl be r he ttone ho ha : 1 hepurue hi rg swihras bl diienc a ( s e ror naycrumsa e s d s iht t e ona e lg e; nd 2) ome xta di r ic tnc pr ve e hi fom tm e y flng hi ha aspe ii Se Hola v. or da U . e nt d m r i l ii s be tton. e l nd Fl i , S. - - , 130 S. Ct25 2562( 0) Onl i t eta ei tnc swhe e- d t crumsanc e enalt t . 49, 201 . y n hos l r nsa e r r ue o ic t es xtr o he pa t s own co uc - i w o d be t c c ona e t e o ce t lm ia i pe i a i tt ry' nd t t ul m ons i bl o nf r he i t ton r od ga ns he 4 Se Es ant v. W a s n, 1 7 ,si c py 2 2W L 2 42 * 3( hCi. ul l , e cal e to No. 0-240 lp o , 01 91 39, 2- 4t r J y 8 2 2 ( n igta wh r p t infr a e sa g a wa n t rp ryfldi teS p e Co r o 01 ) t dn h t ee eio o h b a p e l s o p o el i n h u rme u t f i t e V igi a,pettonernotentted t t lng f perod whentmel notce ofa r ni ii il o oli or l i y i ppealand i opery fld mpr l ie ha e sa pe l tto weep n ng ; ita v. s r il, 2F. pp. d 6 ,6 ( D. ., b a p a peiin r e di ) Chrsin Ba ke vle 23 Su 2 05 07 E. Va) a pe lds s e , F. p' 2 (t Ci. 01 ( p ih d)(a , tngt ttus be a egnj p a imis d 47 Ap x 00 4 h r 20 ) un ubls e s me no i ha j t c us a a lc to Eorah be a e l i pe dig, oe n tme nt a Ehea e l waspr pel f1d'. pp iain f a as pp a) s n n d s o a h t t pp al o ry ie ') p ry a dg o sij tc wo l r s l'i e utbet ligwar ne Gr e v. o ns n, 1 a t n r s nusie u d e ut's q ia l oln ra td. e n J h o 5 5 F.d290, ( hCi. ) Ge rly,a i e' pr # sat a inornc oft lw ae 3 304 4t r 2008 . neal n nmat s o . t us nd g a e he a r ç . n t u fce t r t t j siye utbet lng UntdS ae v. s , 6 F.d 5 7 51 (t o s fi in g omds o u tf q ia l ol . ie tts So a 3 4 3 0 , 2 4 h i Ci. r 2004) . Di a guest the i e il d t e t bl t lng bec us hi f l e t f l hi s a e xon r ha s ntte o quia e oli a e s aiur o ie s t t ha aspe ii w ihi one ye roft c pl ton ofhi diec a be tton t n a he om e i s r t ppea pr e ngsw asnothi l oce di s ful.Di n alge t thesgne a dae hi saepeii onM ac 22, 1( s y) a t xo le s ha i d nd td s tt tton rh 201 Tue da , wihi t one- rflngpeidi j8. - A)2) Reyi onfulya c fom aprs t n he yea ii ro n 01654( ( . l ng a t dvie r ion l w lbr r c e k,howeve ,D i m aie t pe ii t t Cou tofAppe l ofV i g ni The a i ay lr r xon l d he tton o he r as r i a. Co tofAppe l r t ne t pe ii t D i w ih a lt e da ed M ar h 24,2011, t tng t t ur a s e ur d he tton o xon t e t r t c s a i ha fom r vi w ofhi pe ii S ta a sast r e e s tton, l ppe r i hough you i ende t f l i i t Cic tCour of nt d o ie t n he r ui t Ale ny Count ' ( No. 1,a 2. Di admist thi peii wasadd e s t t lgha y. ECF 22- t ) xon ' t ha s tton r sed o he c r ui c t D i n i m e a e y m a l hi pe ii t t Supr m e Cour ofV i g ni w he e i ic t our . xo m di t l ied s tton o he e t r i a, r t wa rceve o Aprl4,2011 a was uli t y, s se ast i yfldt rj8. se i d n i , nd , tmael dimisd mtmel ie mde 01 65 A)2) 4( ( . Bas on t s s que e ofeve s Di n fr ta gue t tt i tt i l1 w c e k' ed hi e nc nt , xo i s r s ha he ns iutona a l r s f uly ad c c tt e g o mdsf e t bl t lng. Thi a gum e i wihoutm e i . D i s a t vi e ons iut s r t or quia e oli s r nt s t rt xon' c ce t r y on a 1 w c e k' i onna i a hoi o el a l r s nf ton boutwhe e t fl hi pe ii i a l oust a r o ie s tton s na og o cle ' r inc on c ints ela e ouns lsad c on l lm a t s whih doesnotconsiu ea cr um sa e ' vie ega ter , c tt t ic t nce outi hi c r f re tbl t lngpur e .Se Rous v. e 339F. 238,249( hCi. sde s ontol o quia e oli pos s e e Le , 3d 4t r 2003)(phol ng, nbanc, src co tsfndi t tS samatroflw,aû sa ofcot e u di e ditit ur' i ng ha t a te a mitke ms l d notsr easagoundf e tbl t lng' Thelw clr smia c c nnotprvi a oes e v r or quia e oli ). a ek' s dvie a o de ba i fre tbl t lng.Se e. , t Stt v.Demw,694F. 118 11 ( 0t Ci. ss o quia e oli e. g.Unied aes 3d 5, 91 1 h r 201 (eyi ona heri t sa viedi notrle pli ifofdut t f l lw) 2) rl ng not nmae' d c d eive antf y o olow a . Di ne ague t tunde Vigi aCodeAnn.j8. - 1,heCour ofAppeasof xon xt r s ha r r ni 01677. t t l Vi gi a wasr uie t f r r D i s m i tl d s a e ha a pe ii n t t Supr m e Cour of r ni eq r d o o wa d xon' si e t t be s tto o he e t Vi gi a. Sec i 8. - 1 by is o n t r s a plesonl t a a st l d i t w r co t5 r ni ton 01 677. , t w e m , p i y o ppe l i e n he ong ur . N eihe t ss c i nora ot rs a ut y pr son r quiest Cour ofA ppe s ofV i gi a t t r hi e ton ny he t t or ovi i e r he t al r ni o f r r matr o o iia j rs it n, u ha ah b a c rusp tto ,ot Su rmeCo r o wad te s f rgn lu idci s c s a e s op eiin t he p e o ut ofV i gi a.6 M oreover,such a r e w oul pr unw or bl i t ca e ofha s c pus r ni ul d ove ka e n he s bea or pe ii ,whi h m ay be fl d i eihe t c r ui c to co c i n ort Supr m e Cour of ttons c ie n t r he ic t our f nvi to he e t V igi a. The Cour ofA ppe l cn tbe oblga ed t de i wher t pe ii r ni t a s nno i t o c de e he ttoneri ende t nt d o tl hi habe pe ii n. D i i no e il d t equia e t lng bas d on t Cour ofA ppea s ie s as tto xon s t ntte o t bl oli e he t l' f lle t f w a d hi s a e pe ii t t Supr m e Cour ofV igi a aitr o or r s t t tton o he e t r ni . 5 sCC i 8. 1- . 1sat ,i peri par: ton 0 677 t es n tnent t g o a e lwhihwaso h r s pop rya dtmeyGlds lbedimis df wa to Nl pp a c t e wie r e l n i l e hal s s e or n f j rs cin s ey b c us i wa fld i ei rte S rmeCo to t Co t u idito oll e a e t s ie n t h up e he ur r he ur of Appeal a t appelat cour i whih i wasGld t e t r est ti s d have s nd he le tn c t e her afer ul ha t houl been fl i t ot c .I s event t appela ecour s r i s ltans e t ied n he her ourt n uch , he lt t o ulng hal r f r he a e lt t a elt c u t a n a r p it u iditonf rf rhe pr c e ngsi pp a o he pp lae o r h vig pp o raej rs ci o u t r o e di n a dancew ih t r esoft l t cour. ccor t he ul he ater t 6 Be a e j80167 . di no rqur t Co t Ap aso Vigi at f r r Dion' c us . - 7 l d t e ie he ur of pe l f r ni o o wad x s petton t t Supr Cour ofVigi a,Di alo hasno vald ar ii o he eme t r ni xon s i gumentt t Supr Cour of hat he eme t Vigii er di dimisnghi peiin a un i l fldu e j80165 A)2 .Si lry, xonha r na re n s s i s tto s tmey ie nd r . - 4( ( ) mia l Di s no vald cl m f t lng oft sat habeaslm ia i perod durng t 90 da whe he coul ha i ai or oli he t e i t tons i i he ys n d ve fldap ttonf rawrto ceto a iot eUnie SttsSu e Cou qSe to 8. - 54 A)2) ie eii o i f rir r t h td ae prme r cin 016 ( ( e pr sl sa t t l ttonpei o t d t oft til ou tudg n , omplto o saec ur x e sy t rs he i ai rod n he ae he ra c rj me t c ein f tt o t mi appeal,orexha ton ofsat cour appealopporunii . M or s us i te t t tes eover D i ca , xon nnotac evef al hi eder ha easr i base m er y on a ale d erorundersat l SeeEsele v.M cGuie,502 U .S.62,67b elef d el n lge r t e aw. t l r - 68( 9 (e mp szn prn i et ttti n tt ep o n eo afdeal be sc ur t r e mi sae 1 91 r e ha iig icpl ha t s o h r vic f e r ha a o to e xa ne tti cour de e m i i on sat lw quesi .I c t t r natons t e-a tons n onduci habe r ew,af alc ti lm ied t tng as evi eder our s i t o deci ng whe heraconviton vi at t Consiuton,lw s orte i oft Unied St es.' . di t c i ol ed he tt i a , r ates he t at ' ) Fi ly,Di a gue t tt e addii na f c o sw a r nte t bl t lng oft f lng na l xon r s ha hr e to l a t r r a quia e oli he ii pei l rj2244( : pierpe e r uessf lbrr a ce st r s ac a prpa ehi rod mde * des t e atd eq t or i ay c s o e e rh nd e r s s a e ha spe ii pr s ofk i l di nota r ve Di f r s h ac es untlJ nua y t t bea tton, i on t a s d pp o xon o uc c s i a r 2011;t e pr s s 1 w lb a y c t nsonl t e co put r on w hi i a esm a c 1h i on' a i r r on ai y hr e m e s ch nm t y onduc t l lr ea c and Di ha o y a s ve h- a e a i a i notc put r lt r t ega es r h; xon s nl e nt gr de duc ton nd s om e -ie a e. Di s o n ed a i la l ga s tom i a e notf t s e er lt hi a t r o e xon' w uc tona nd e l horc ngs r ac or xt na o m nd, he ef r , do no e t xcus hi f om hi r s nsbiiy t f low t l a m e ts a ut y flng de dlnes e m r s e po i lt o o l he aw nd e t t or ii a i . De m y,69 F. a 11 M or l 4 3d t 9. eove ,Di n' aleg tonsdo nots r xo s l a i how t tt prs s lbr r ha he i on' i a y f c lte a polcespr nt hi fom pr pa i a a qua ea tm ey ha a peii a iiis nd ii eve ed m r e rng n de t nd i l be s tton, m e el be aus he di notha a lt l w lbr r tm e and r o ce he bele ne s a y t r y c e d ve 1 he a i a y i es ur s i ved ce s z o c a tng hi pe ii n. D i c e t c ntnue w or ng on t pe ii untlt l tf da r fi s tt o xon hos o o i ki he tton i he as ew ys be o e hi flng de i pa s t c ea i t r s t ta pr e i t m a lng pr es f r s ii adlne s ed, hus r tng he i k ha obl m n he ii oc s w oul r nde hi pe ii n untm el d e r s tto i y. Fort r a o sae t c tc ude t tDi n' j2254peii i untmeyfld he e s ns ttd,he our oncl s ha xo s tton s i l ie unde j2244( a t theha f l t saefcsonwhihhei e ildt e ubl t lngof r d) nd ha s aied o tt a t c s ntte o qui e oli t sf r ls a ut oflm ia i ns The c ur gr nt t m oton t dim i son t s gr hi ede a t t e i t to . o t a s he i o s s he e ounds . lI I The m oton t di m i sa s a s r st tD i s c ai s a e pr dlr ly ba r fom i o s s l o s e t ha xon' l m r oce za l r ed r f de a ha sr vi e r l bea e ew.Thi a g e i we l a s r um nt s l t ken.Assaed,heSupr m eCo tofVigi a tt t e ur r ni dimis dDi ssaeha a peii asuntmeyunde saelw.SeeVa. s s e xon' tt be s tton i l r tt a Code. Ann.j8. 01 654( ( .Anycai i t fdealpeii t tweenotr s i t saepeii ae A)2) l ms n he e r tton ha r aied n he tt tton r t e us e a i no r s d i a ne s a e ha aspe ii n,woul al o be tm e- r d unde m xha t d nd f w ai e n w t t be tto d s i bar e r 7 Fr Januar t M arch 2011, Di n ha a oxi a e y fve t oom y o xo d ppr m t l i , w hourvi ist t l w st o he a lbr y. i ar j8. - A)2) TheUnie Stt Cou tofAppe sfrt FourhCic tha r ogni dt t 01654( ( . td aes r al o he t rui s ec ze ha a s a e s a ut oflm ia i i a a qua e a i pe nts a e pr ed a ba t tpr cl s t t t t e i t tons s n de t nd nde nde t t oc ur l r ha e ude fdealrviw oft cli ont meis Se W e ksv. l ,1 F.d 249,273( hCi. e r e e he am he rt. e e Angeone 76 3 4t r 1 .Thus alofDi scli a epr e al bardfom fdealha sr viw a e a 999) ,l xon' ams r oc durly re r e r bea e e bsnt s wi o c u ef rtedea l a drs l n p eu ie o a t ln o e c .W o f v. o n o ho ng f a s o h fut n e ut g rj dc , r cua in c n e le J h s n, i 565F. 1 1 0( h Ci.2009) s c us Di mus aleg fcsd 3d 40, 6 4t r .To how a e, xon t l e a t emonsrtngs tai ome cr icumsa ee e a t hi s l t tp e nt hi fom flng hi sae ha spe ii i a tnc xt m l o m ef ha r ve ed m r ii s t t bea tton n tmeymn r Vi onv. ue, F. 41 41 ( h Ci.2006 . i l nne . ns Tr 436 3d 2, 7 4t r ) Di a r nty a tm p st s xon ppa e l te t o how c us f hi de a t byr l ng o t s m ef t t t a e or s f uls eyi n he n acs ha he of e s i s e ng e t bl t lng, m e y t pr e sofco uc i l ga r e r h a f r n e ki quia e oli nn l he obl m nd tng e l es a c nd pr pa i pl a ngsw hie i r e a e t f uly a vi e t fl hi ha a pe ii i t Cour e rng e di l nca c r t d, he a t d c o ie s be s tton n he t ofA ppe s a t tc tsf iur t f w a d hi pe ii n t t Supr m e Cour ofV igi a. For al , nd ha our ' a l e o or r s tto o he e t r ni t s m e r as t tt e f c or d nots he n e ons ha hes a t s o uppor eq t bl t lng,t y do no c tt e c us t uia e oli he t ons iut a e l a e am c ua nnoc nce. A c or ngl , e 8 c di y t excus D i ' def ul. D i m a sno co or bl cl i ofa t li o e xon s a t xon ke t c tg a st m oton t di m i s hi c ai s a pr d a l de a t d. he our r nt he i o s s s l m s oce ur ly f ule lII Fort r a ons s a e t c tgr nt t m oto t dim i s a di m i s D i s he e s t t d, he our a s he i n o s s nd s s es xon' pe ii The Cl r i diec e t s nd c pi s oft sm e or ndlm opi on a a om pa ng tton. e k s r td o e o e hi m a l ni nd cc nyi or rt pe ii ne . de o tto r ENTER:Thi ! da o J nuay,201 s V y fa r 3. ) Chi fU nied St t D i ti tJ e t a es sr c udge 8 Se Hous v. Bel54 U. 51 ,5 - ( 6 Clplio e sa s rig inoc nc a ag twa e e l, 7 S. 8 3637 200 ) r rs n r se tn n e e s ae y t dea tdcamsmus etbls t a,i lg tofne (ndr la e e d nc ( o pr s ne a til,ti o fule li t sa ih h t n ih w a eiblj vie e n t e e td t ra) i s mo eIkeyt a no t tnor a o bl j r rwoul h v f u peii rg lybe ndar a o be r i l h n t ha e s na e u o d a e o nd ttone uit yo e s na l d b .) ou t' . ' 8
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