Lawhorn v. Wright, No. 7:2012cv00203 - Document 47 (W.D. Va. 2013)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Jackson L. Kiser on 3/19/2013. (tvt)

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eke- : o- k u s pt eouv ee sm A x vÃ»iv T l A t . FLO C Å I W' E V MA2 1S 2 1 03 I TH E UM TED STATES DI N STRI COURT CT FO R TH E W ESTER N D I STR I T O F V I G I A C R M R O A N O K E D I SI N VI O J U BY: C L Y, E E CL EPUT CLER Y C i lA c i N o.7: c 00203 vi ton 12- v- G LEN N C ALV IN LA W H O R N , Pett oner, ii M EM OR ANDUM O PI ON NI V. By: E . W R IG H T,JR . E. , R es pondent . H on.Jackson L .K i ser Se or U nie St e Di t i tJudge ni t d at s s r c Gl l Cal n La hor a V i g ni i a e pr e ng pr s fl a a e d pe ii em vi w n, r i a nm t oce di o e, ied n m nde tton f awrtofha scor ,purua t 28U. C.j225 t c lngeaf onycmvitonf or i bea pus s nt o S. 4,o hale el c ci or sa ut y bur a y e e ed byt Cic tCour ofAmhertCount Res tt or gl r nt r he r ui t s y. ponde fl a moton t nt ied i o dim is andpe ii ne r s s s, tto r e ponded, a ngt m at rrpe f diposton. 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TheCou tofAppe sofVigi as ma ied t f t r l t d t t c r sa ns r al r ni um rz he ac s e a e o he ha ge gai t pettoneras f l ii olows: On J 24,2006,Ri Bur , r , i une cky ks J . s gned a one yea l s w ih R o e W rghtt - r ea e t nni i o r nta r s de i taie f hi a hi w ie. Bur des r be i asha ng a lvi e e i ntal r l r or m nd s f ks c i d t vi i ng r ,t o bedr s a ba hr , a kic n. Tha s m e day,Bur ha t oom w oom , t oom and t he tn ks d he l kson t tal c nge a hea hi f m iy me r t oughl cea t oc he r ier ha d, nd nd s a l mbe s hor y l ned he ta lr Thetal rha eecrct a t tme,a t r fi r t ri i wor d. r ie . r ie d l ti iy t he i nd he e rge a o nsde ke Bur a hi wie lf t tni a sa a hi m ot ri lw ' hous ,i e ng ks nd s f e t ha ght nd t yed t s he -n-a s e nt ndi t r tln t ne da a m ovei t i pos e sons Bur l ke a1t d s o etr he xt y nd n her s s i . ks oc d 1 he oor bef el a ng. W he t y r t ned t ne da J 25,2006,Bur f or e vi n he eur he xt y, une ks oundt he t a l rdoorbr n a t t a l rbur arz a va lz d. r ie oke nd he r ie gl i ed nd nda i e +** Bur t s ii d t tw he he r t ne t ne da t t taierhe a hi f m iy ks e t fe ha n e ur d he xt y o he r l nd s a l had c ea d t pr vi da t s r n doorw a br n, he doorw a ki d i l ne he e ous y, he c ee s oke t s cke n, t r w asbl e r he e ood ve ywhe e, a w ood s ove l a e ne t t w e la w e l r and t oc t d xt o he l nd l hous ha be t ow n ont t w e lhous e d en hr o he l e. W rghti ntf e phot gr phs d c i dam ag t t t aie , he w e l a t i de ii d o a epi tng es o he r l r t l, nd he wel o e Het siidt a Citlo e l es me n j twe ttr ug r gn l h us . e tfe h tt j o k d i o o e us n h o h a ig l k ma a j s d sr y dwh th c u da hewake t ou hi . . e to n a d d nd u t e to e a e o l s l d l g t . d sr yig n u t a i up wha e rt y co d,a outt door' W rg s i t r wasta h a e rng t ve he ul nd he . ' i ht ad he e r s nd de i e r brs ve ywhe e,he ewasbl i va i plc i t ta lr andhedes rbed r t r ood n rous a es n he r ie , ci t dn a t t door ,t w als t wel a wel ho e, he r f i r t , nd t he m ge o he s he l , he l nd l us t e rge a or a he ca pe . W rghtpr pa e a ls deaii t cossf r parng t da a sa r t i e r d it t lng he t or e ii he m ge nd r t ni t t a l r w e lhous a wel t t i pr vi usco tona Re a e e e ur ng he r ie , l e, nd l o he r e o ndii pl c m nt pa t t aed a oxi t l $ , a t e iec tt ald $1, 2 W rghts d rs ot l ppr ma ey 450 nd he ntr os ot e 024. i ai t c e n- a r par t k ac eofda . Afe W rghtfrts w t dn he l a up nd e is oo oupl ys tr i is a he mage d p o e t, er tr e t hi s o a h adt me s g sfo (eiin r r p ry h eu n d o s h p nd e r wo sa e r m p tto el t r a e ngt kilW rght OneJ 27, h e t ni o l i . une 2006,W rghtpr vi d t polc wih i o de he ie t t pe co esoft phone c ls a d pi he a l. Lawhonvs Common 1h, 2530- 3,si op. t14( .CtApp. une3, r . weat No. 08- lp a - Va . J 2009) ( i na f not .DNA tsi s dt tt bl f orgi l oot e) etng howe ha he ood oundi t taie mac dpeii rs n he r lr the ttone ' bl ood. 2W rghttsii t tBu kscole t andhauld a t eel dsofta ht tr uledfom t bur ar , atan i e tfed ha r lced e way hr oa r s ha es t r he gl y esi t cos of$225.Beca eBur di t on hi own,W rghtconc dt tt t a a tmaed t us ks d hat s i ede ha he otl mountofda magewas l st n $1000. es ha , B. On Oco e 9 20 7 ag a dj r i Amh rtCo nyc r e t t tb r , 0 , rn uy n e s u t hag d ha: ( nora t 2 hda ofJ 200 i t s dCount ofAmhes,a O) bout he 4t y une, 6,n he ai y rt nd wi i t ej rs ito o teCic i Co r o Amhe s Co ny geiin r di t n h u idcin f h rut u t f h rt u t p tto el d unl w f l a f l ous y br a a e e ore e a c ea hi s l i t a uly nd e oni l e k nd nt r nt r nd onc l m e f n he da i e,ore e w iho br aki i t ni hti e, he dw e lng ofRi ky Bur , ytm nt r t ut e ng n he g tm t li c ks J . wih t i e t c r, t he nt nt o omm i lr e a s ul a ba tr o a f l ot t n t a c ny, s a t nd te y r ny e ony her ha mur r r pe,obbey,ora s i vi ai ofjj 1 2- 18. 91oft Codeof de , a r r ron n olton 8. 90) 2he Vigi a( 950)asn nde r ni 1 me d. By l te da ed A pr l1 2008, he pr e ut t d c et r t i 8, t os c or ol ouns lt tt Com m onw e t w oul a k t e ha he a1h d s he Cic tCour t n e t m i de ea w a r nt a d f ony i c m e fom C o a r ui t o m nd he s m nor r a 3 n el ndi t nt r i r boutt on he 24 h da ofJ t y une,2006't Ã» ora 'o t on boutt 2 h t t 25 h ofJ he 4t o he t une,2006.'I me a ey pro ' m di t l i r t ti lon Aprl28,2008, hepr e ut r quese t tt Cic tCour a horz t o ra i t os c or e t d ha he r ui t ut ie he a nd n s Peiin rsc u e d dno o j c, n t eCic i Co r a pr v dt me me t. tto e ' o ns l i t be ta d h rut u t p o e he a e me s m nd nt . Afe h aigt eCo n at sa dp tto e ' e i e c ,h j r f u dp tto e tr e rn h mmo we l n eiin rs v d n e t e u y o n eiin r h' g ly ofbo h m i de ea des r ton ofpr ry mz f l ny s a ut y bur ar The Cic t uit t s m nor t uc i ope t d e o t t or gl y. r ui Co ts ntnc d pe ii ur e e e ttonert i e ala tfe n yea s i a c r to wih s ve and ahal ye r o, ntr i ,i te r ' nc r e a i n, t e n f as s pe us nded,f t f l c c i a t l mont 'i a ce a i f t mi de anor or he eony onviton nd weve hs nc r r ton or he s me conviton.Pe ii ra ald,a gui t tt taie c d notbeaÃ»d elng'a t tt ci ttone ppe e r ng ha he r lr oul tw li ' nd ha he Ci c tCour e r d by de ng a m oton t s rke t evi nce bec us t m idem ea r ui t re nyi i o ti he de a e he s nor c ci i i t d afndi off l ni i e t d toy pr ry vaue ove $l, onvi ton nvalda e i ng e o ous ntnt o esr ope t l d r 000.The Cour ofAppea sofVigi a de edt a a ,a t Supr me Cour ofVigi ar f e t l r ni ni he ppe l nd he e t r ni eus d pettoner' s equentappeal ii s ubs . 3TheGe ea DititCo r pe iusye tr daj d me tfr h mid me n rc ag , a pe ii a l d t n r l src u t rvo l nee u g n o t e s e a o h re nd ttoner ppea e o teCic tCo r,wheetilo temid meno c ag wa j ie wi t til ntefln c ag . h rui u t r ra n h se a r h r e s on d t he ra o h eo y h re h 3 l Nove be 201 pettone fl avol nous s l- t e pe ii f awrtofha s n m r 0, ii r ied umi , e fsyl d tton or i bea co pusw ih t Supr m e Coul ofV igi a w hi h gr nt pe ii rt ry da t fl a r t he e ' t r ni , c a ed ttone hi t ys o ie cor ce peii t c or t Vigi aCodej8. - anddi note edffypa s re td tton hat onf med o r ni 01655 d xce it ge . 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The Supr m e m nde tt o nd es nt s i o s s , s se l ne l i e Coul ofVi gi a gr nt d pe ii r sc a m t tt m i de e norc r s d ha bee ' t r ni a e ttone ' l i ha he s m a ha ge houl ve n di m i s be or t i bec us t s a ut of lm ia i ha expie buti dim i s d a 1ot r s s ed f e ral a e he t t e i t tons d r d, t s s e 1 he cli so t m e iso a de a t La am n he rt r s f uled. whor v.W a de oft Re Oni St t Prs n, n r n he d on ae i o No. 1 860,si o a 12 ( J y 1 2011.Puruantt t SuprmeCour ofVigi asode, 01 lp p. t - Va. ul , ) s o he e t r ni' r r t Cic tCour va td t m ide e norpr t desr to c c i by a or rda ed he r ui t cae he s m a opery tuc i n onviton n de t Jul 12, 2011 w ihou hol ng a hea i 4 y , t t di rng. Pe ii rfl as co ha sa ton wih t Su e eCour ofVigi a i Fe ua y ttone ied e nd bea c i t he pr m t r ni n br r 201 The Supr me Co tofVig ni dim is d t a ton s s e a untm ey, s ntt 2. e ur r i a s s e he c i ua pont s i l pur ua o Vign aCo ej80 - 5 ( () a dd n e ap tto f rrhe rng r ii d .1 6 4 A)2 , n e id eiin o e a i . Pe ii rtm e y f l d t i t ntpe ii a g ng t f l i 1 el i s ttone i l ie he ns a tton, r ui he olow ng 27 a m . Pr dur lba st cn i obei we et r ul ofi f c i a ssa e ofti , oce a r hat me nt ng r he es t nefe tve s it nc ral pos- onvi ton,a a lae c tc ci nd ppel t ouns l Addii l cou elwe e i feci f e. tonaly, ns r ne f tve or a l ng any si ai o pa ta si a i a lowi tpul tons r ri l tpultons bouta is t afe t d pe ii r s ny s ue hat f c e ttone ' rght i s. 4Pe ii rac ttone know l s i hi f lngst no he r ng washe d t va at t convi ton, whi h oc r d whe t edge n s ii hat ai l o c e he ci c cur e n he Cicui Cou tent ed t oner t r er he page or . der 4 2. Pe ii rwasdenid duepr es be us t Comm onweat di no fl t ls of ttone e oc s ca e he lh d t ie he it da age s ve da be or t i . m s e n ys f e ral 3. Pe ii r wasde ed d pr es bec us t Com m onwea t us d e de c ea e ttone ni ue oc s a e he lh e vi nce r t d byt Ge r DititCour i a unl wf deai rpr e ng on J 1 2006, ha he ne al src t n n a ul t ne oc edi une 6, t t w asvoi a i to f f iur t s r pr s . d b nii or a l e o e ve oce s 4. The She i f s Of i e di note c e t wr tofpos e s on i a or rf ' fc d xe ut he i s s i n cc danc w ih l w , e t a and t r w as a f a he e r udul ntnot ton t ti ha bee e ut on J 23,2006. e a i ha t d n xec ed une 5. Couns w a i f e tve f rno a g ng c ai s3 a 4 vi a m oton t dim i s el s ne f c i o t r ui l m nd a i o s s. 6. TheCom monwe t ofe e si a i ,whih vi a e pe ii rsrght whe t alh f r d tpultons c olt d ttone ' i s n he Cic tCoul a l e t m . r ui ' low d he t 7. Couns di notfl am oton t srket e denc oft a lge e ci n a voi el d ie i o ti he vi e he le d vi to s d be a et et a u dean r u g n wa v i a i t c us h mlwf l tie j d me t s o d b ni o. 8. Pe ii r wascon c e ofone c i e by pr ofa t rt tw asnotc r d a w a ttone vi t d rm oof no he ha ha ge nd s no a l s er i ude cha ge. t e s -ncl d r 9. Pe ii rw asc ttone onvi t d a s nt nce vi a i c m e t tde i d hi ofnotc of c e nd e e d a n ndi t nt ha prve m ie t na ur oft a us ton a w asf t ly de ec i bec us ofa va i e be w e n t he t e he cc a i nd a a l f tve a e ranc t e he alega i a t pr . l ton nd he oof 1 Pei o e wa c n ce a sn e c dvaa u lwfl u g n b c us t e 0. tt n r s o vitd nd e tn e i n n a u j d me t e a e h i i cme algedavi ai ofVigi aCodej 1 2- 1wihouts cf ngt ndit nt le olton r ni 8. 9 t pe iyi he r qui ie f l ous i ent e s t e oni nt . 11. 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Peiine wa u lwf lyc n ce a ds n e c db c us t ej r rtr da i e a 4 t o r s na u l o vitd n e tn e e a e h u y eu ne n l g l t l ve di t r c. 1 Couns lw e e i f c i f notc le ng t il galve di tw ih a m o i n f 5. e r nef e tve or ha l ngi he le r c t t o or j d me t o wi tn igt ev r it u g n n t t a dn h ed c. hs 1 Couns lw e e i f c i f no c l ng t il galve di tw ih a m o i t va t 6. e r nef e tve or t halengi he le r c t ton o ca e t eu a u j d me t h nlwf l u g n . 17. TheCo mmonwe t pr e utdpeii runde Vigi aCo j1 2- 1bas o a alh os c e ttone r r ni de 8. 9 ed n n ie t c ntnt o ommiamide anorofe e whihvi ae lgil i i e t tj18. t s me fns , c oltd e satve ntnt ha 291r quie f l ous i e t e r e oni nt n . 18. ( TheCommonweat mia i t docrneofta fre i e , c t Cic t a) lh sppled he ti rnser d ntntwhih he rui Cour a ce e a ( c e di notob e tt t smia i tont pr evet t c ptd, nd b) ouns l d j c o hi spplcai o esr he i ue f a ss or ppeal . 5 Pei o e wa u lwf lyc n ce a d sn e c db c u etej r r l do te tt n r s na u l o vitd n e tn e e a s h u y ei n h i e unlwf m i ofposesi t twasis dwiho j iditon. a ul t s son ha sue t ut urs ci 20. Pe ii rw a unl f l co c e a s nt nc be us w he V igi a Code ttone s aw uly nvi t d nd e e ed ca e, n r ni j18. 8 a j1 2- a eradi c j tonwih j18. 90,i i cla t tt 2-9 nd 8. 91 r e n on unci t 2- t s e r ha he nec s a y i e m us be t c m i a f l e s r nt nt t o om t e ony,nota m i de e nor s m a . 21 Peii n rwa c n itda ds n e c di vo aino d u l j o r ya dc l tr l . tto e s o v ce n e tn e n ilto f o be e pad n ol ea a es o l Pe ii rappe e t m i de e t ppe . ttone al d he s m anorpr ry dam age co c i f om t ope t nvi ton r he Ge r lDititCo tt t Cic tCour,a t Com monwe 1h esabls i t ne a src ur o he r ui t nd he at t ihed n he Cicui Cour t tt ofe esoc r d on a dif r ntda e. r t t ha he f ns cure fe e t 22. ()Peii rwasde e duepr es byt Commo alh' us ofi dmisbl a ttone nid oc s he nwe t s e na s i e h a s y whiht eCic i Co r a c p e , nd()c u s l i no srn usyo j c t e ra , c h rut u t c e td a b o n e d d t te uo l be t o 24. 25. 26. 28. 29. t i m isbl e de orpr s r et is f a a . Thehe r a i l ed he nad s i e vi nce e e v he s ue or ppe l a s y ncud i Bur 'a W rghtst si o esa utt c t nt oft l as alho h . ks nd i ' e tm ni bo he on e s he e e, t ug t l s wa no s bmitd t t c t a c he ea e s t u te o he our, nd ouns ldi notobt i ac e d an opy oft l s vi di c r he ea e a s ove y; i. W rght st s i ony a i i ' e tm boutr c i ng pe ii r s t e t ni t l pho e e vi ttone ' hr a e ng e e ne m e s ;a s ages nd ii W rght st s i ony a i. i ' e tm boutt val oft dn a d pr ry bec us a he ue he m ge ope t a e n owne ca otgi s cond- nd t tm o oft cossf rr paror r ml ve e ha esi ny he t o e i r pl ce en . e a m t The Co m onw ea t s m 1h uppr s e e ul t y sa e e sby W r gh ;M r atd M r . e s d xc pa or t t m nt i t . l s Bur ,Sr ;Bur ,J . a Btr ,J .sgi lre t tt Bur e di nota rve a t ks . ks r ; nd lks r ' r f i nd ha he ks s d r i t he t a l ron J 24,2006,untla t r3: p. . r ie une i fe 00 m The Co m onw ea t s m lh uppr s e copi ofpe ii r st ea e ng phone m es a . e sd es ttone ' hr t ni s ges The Co m onw ea t s m 1h uppr s e E- 1 c l ,CFS r pors a ot re ul t y e s d 91 als e t , nd he xc pa or t l phoner c ds i udi tm e ofe nt a sa e t t tc dbeus d f ee e or , ncl ng i s ve s nd t t men s ha oul e or i pea hm e . m c nt The Com m onw e t s a1h uppr s e e ul or s a e e sf om Cynt a Btr t, e s d xc pat y t t m nt r hi z ne t pe ii ner s a l tt o ' leged f a ,t ts m ade t t O fi e oft Com m o ea t s i ncÃ© ha he o he tc he nw lh' A tor y i 2006. l ne n The Com m onw e t s es e pe ii r s e ul t y s a e e s m adet Li ut na a1h uppr s d ttone ' xc pa or t t m nt o e e nt Dos aye rbe or t c r we e tl d. s a f e he ha ges r i e TheCom monwe t r alh emoved e ul t y r po t a sa e e sfom t pr e e xc paor e rs nd t t m nt r he es nt nce r por bef et s e i hea i e t or he entnc ng rng. The Com m onw e t i ple t tpe ii rhad a c i i lr co d w he t pr e ut a1h m i d ha ttone r m na e r n he os c or m e i d durng o ni s a em e st tt bl t ken f om t taie w a a Ã» t' ntone i pe ng t t nt ha he ood a r he r l r s s ' hi f pe ii r sbl i a DN A da aba or ttone ' ood n t nk. 3 TheCo n at v oae d u l j o a d b o tii ad piio so 0. mmo we lh i ltd o be e p r y y banng u lct u r m uli i iousi c m e . tplc t ndi t nt The Com m o e 1h n e d t i c m e a w a r ntt i l J 25, 2006, nw a t m nde he ndi t nt nd r a o nc ude une aft est i hi att pr i i y hearng t t of ens occur ed duri t ni er abls ng he elm nar i hat he f es r ng he ght ofJ 24,2006, a t ve iyi t tpe ii rhad a a i f t tni . une and fer rf ng ha ttone n lbi or ha ght 6 TheCom monwe t a a1h mende t dae oft c r ng doc nt a trt pr lmi r d he t he ha gi ume s fe he ei na y he rng i volto o c l tr l so p l n d u l j o ad ai ,n i ain f ol ea e tp e a d o b e e p r y. a Th Co n at mirp e e t dfcst g rt j r ss mp t yb r frigt e mmo we l se r s ne a t o mme he u y' y ah y ee rn o h t w om a w ih Btr , r a t t a l rashi w ie w hen s w a hi gilr e he n t zks J . t he r ie s f he s s rf i nd. The Com m onw e t s es e a c oft s a c warantt o ai pe ii r s alh uppr s d opy he e r h r o bt n ttone ' buc als ab. c w The Com m onw e t fl t c r ag ns pe ii rm or t n a yea afe t a1h ied he ha ges ai t ttone e ha r t r he o fn e o c re , ihp eu ie hm o t g o n o lc e . fe s s c u r d whc rj d c d i n he r u d f a h s Pe ii rwasde edduepr es be us hewasco ced a s nt nce i vi a i ttone ni oc s ca e nvit nd e e d n olton o j dca e tp e a d d ubej o ad f u iil so p l n o l e p r y. Peiin rwa de idd p o e swh nt Cic tCo r ddn tgv t j r a ai tto e s ne ue r c s e he rui u t i o ie he u y n l bi i tuc i nsr ton. 38. Pe ii r wasdeni d due pr es w he he w asde e ac es t t c t be aus ttone e oc s n ni d c s o he our s c e c r c i nalof i i s r f e t t a por hi t t G e r lD i ti tCo ton M a c 6, or e t o f c al e us d o r ns t m o he ne a s r c ur rh 20 9 frah ai a u t ed f ut u g n is di t u lwf ld tie cv l 0 , o e rng bo t h ea lj d me t sue n he na u ean r ii ac i ton. Peii rwasde ed d pr es whe he wasco c e on i ufi inte de t t ttone ni ue oc s n nvit d ns fce vi nce ha da age t t w e lhous oc r e a t s m e tm e a t dn age t t taie o m s o he l e cu r d t he a i s he m s o he r l r r t tt s m epe s c us d t dn a . ha he n ron a e he m ges 40. Theta crptoft tili i c ur t be a e a nt f t Comm onwe t c us d r ns i he ra s na c a e c us ge s or he alh a e t si ony f vor bl t pe ii rt beomit o r e tm a a e o ttone o ted r emoved, c c tt e faud whi h onsiut s r upon t co t he ur . TheSupr me Cour ofVigi a' d nilofpe ii ne ' a la emoton f e t r ni s e a tto rs ppe lt i or i ndepe nttans rpton vi a e duepr s . nde r c i i olt d oce s The f l ng i or ai wa o itd fom t ta c i : olowi nf m ton s m te r he r ns rpt a. M r .La hor s t tm o t tpe ii r gotbuc t ofw a e f om he ho e o s w n' es i ny ha ttone ke s tr r r us n t m o ni ofJ m e 24, he r ng t 2006, o c e n t taie a t the w as s e a i t l a he r l r nd ha e n ga n bef e 5: p. . ih a bl y cu on hi a m ; or 30 m w t ood t sr D e y D r w r st s i ony t tt t aie w asnott as d o dit a t tt r put e y' e tm ha he r l r r he r ry nd ha he e w asno da a e ptf bl a br n g a s a m ge xce or ood nd oke l s ; nd c. Som e ofc ouns l sexc ptonsa ar um e s e' e i nd g nt . 4 . Peii n rwa p eudc da til n o a pe lb t emisn tsi nyof puy 3 tto e s rj ie t ra a d n p a y h s ig e tmo De t Dr wr whos t tmony s d be gi n m or we g t n Bur , r and W rg , e y, e esi houl ve e i ht ha ks J , i ht whos t tmoni swer i onsse wih t phot a oft da a . e esi e e nc itnt t he ogr phs he m ges 4 . ()A fmaeb a kj r rwa e c e b c us s es i h rh s a dk e W rg t b t 4 a e l lc u o s x usd e a e h ad e u b n n w ih , u wht j r r whok e W rg t ndt eBu k e ween te c e a d( )c u e dd i uos e n w i h a h r s s r o x usd, n b o ns l i n t b e tt t s f csa d dn t r sr eteis e f ra pe l o o j c o he e a t nd i o p e e v h su s o p a. 45. ()Peii rwasde e duepr es byt Co a ttone nid oc s he mmonwe lh' t a ula iain of at s mlwf pplc to ta fre itn , n ( )c u e ' fi r t o j c t t t p iai nc nsiu e rnser d n e t a d b o ns ls al e o b e t o ha a pl to o t td u c t i f ec i as i t nc ne f tve s s a e. 46. Cou elw a i f c i f rno s ns s nef e tve o t ubpoe ng M r and M r . ks Sr a Bur ,J .s nai . s Bur , . nd ks r ' gi lrend,w hos s a e e sw o d i pe ch Bur , r ' t tm o t the a r ve a t rf i e t t m nt ul m a ks J .s es i ny ha r i d t he 7 t a l r a 8: a. .o J m e 24,2006,a t tpe ii r ha notbee a t t a l r r ie t 00 m n t nd ha ttone d n t he r ie bef e Bur ,Jr.ar ved and changed t l or ks ri he ocks. Couns ldi nots e d ubpoe e e ge r na m r ncy oom s a fand r co dsa tpe ii r s hos t tf e r bou ttone ' pial vi i d u ng t m or ng ofJ 25,2006,f t c on hi a m . s t t i he ni une or he ut s r 48 Co n e d dn t b e t ot Co n at sa n me t a o t e t o fns s . u s l i o o j c t he mmo we l me d n s b u wh n he fe e h' occur ed. r 49. Couns ldi notpr e e de t ti wasphys c ly i pr bl t tpe ii rc d e d es nt vi nce ha t i a l m oba e ha ttone oul tu'w ahe wood sovei t awel hous lo avy t no l e. 50. Couns ldi nots e d ubpoe t pr lm i r he rngr c d whe eBur ,J . e tfe na he ei na y a i e or r ks r t siid a boutw hen he m oved i o t t a l r t e de e oft alege da a , nd t nt he r ie , he vi nc he l d m ges a he tm e oft of e e . i s he f ns s 51 Couns ldi nots . e d ubpoe De t W ood, na pu y who c d t siy t tr t n f i t ya d oul e tf ha ote ood n he r be nd t tal ri ple t t r fi r t rwasale dy br ke t r wasabr n hi he r ie m i d hat he e rge a o ra o n; he e oke r rger t i t ya d bef r J 24,2006; he e w e e a m a s i t ya d on J 23, ef i a or n he r o e une t r r ni l n he r une 2006'a W rghtwasnotpr e d i t e uton oft m ' ofpos es i n o , nd i es nt urng he xec i he i t s so n J 23,2006. Couns l sf l e t s bpoe D e y W ood de ed pe ii rt r g une e ' aiur o u na put ni ttone he i ht ofc pul or pr e s a t r g t c os e m i a i pe c Bur ,J .s om s y oc s nd he i ht o r s xa ne nd m a h ks r ' t s i ony t tonl t as w asi i t t a l r e tm ha y r h ns de he r ie . Cot s di no s m el d t ubpoe De y W i e who coul t s iy t ts t d Cynt a Bur t na put s, d e tf ha he ol hi net t tW rghtwoul mee peii ra Bur t a t ta lron J 25, ha i d t ttone nd net t he r ie une 2006, o r t n t eur pe ii ttonera Bur t' pr ry. De y W ie spr f r t si ony c d ha nd ne ts ope t put s ' ofe ed e tm oul ve i pea he W r g ' t tm ony t tW r gh di no ha know l dge ofpe ii ne a m c d i ht s esi ha i t d t ve e tto r nd Bur t ' pr r y a Blr , r ' t tm o t tno hi ofva ue w asi t t a l r ne t s ope t nd zks J .s es i ny ha t ng l n he r ie . D e y W i e c d ha i ple t tpe ii rhad no r as t c us W rghthar put s oul ve m i d ha ttone e on o a e i m untlpe ii nerr c r d hi pr pe t a r or e se t ts i tto e ove e s o ry, nd ec ds xit d ha howe Bur t had d ne t c a t d t She i f s Of i e a tt m i s ng pr r y. ont c e he r f f c bou he s i ope t Couns ldi notpr s nte de et tBur ,J .a W rghtbr i o t ta lra e d e e vi nc ha ks r nd i oke nt he r ie nd t k peii rsbe o ngsworh $1 000. oo ttone ' l ngi t 2, 5 Co nslddn to jc t t ep osc t rso e i sae n ta s g se peiin r 4. u e i o be t o h r e uo ' p nng ttme t h t ug etd tto e wa a e c c bec us hi DNA wasi Vigi a sDNA da aba s n x- onvi t a e s n r ni ' t nk. Couns ldi nots e d ubpoe M a tl a ,a s a f a t ney a Lync na t ngr m t f tor t hbur Le A i t g gal d, o t tf a utco r a i nshe ha w ih W rght W ood,and Bur t a a l te he s t es iy bo nve s to d t i , ne t nd e t r en t Bur t . I n coul have t tf e o ne t ngr m d es ii d: a. O n t m or ng ofJ 26,2006,l a s he ni une ngr m poke t W r ght w ho s i he di not o i , ad d t a a ton a utpe ii r s be o i untla t r3: p. .o J 24, ake ny c i bo ttone ' l ng ngs i f e 00 m n une 2006,w he he ha e pl st ke t con e s oft t a l rt t dum p. W r g n d m oyee a he t nt he r ie o he i ht di notm en i n a bur ar d to gl y. l a s ngr m poke t D e y W ood, ho s i he we t t pr t on J 23, o put w ad nt o he opery une 2006,a not d m a t ngshad be n r oved e e t a h and pe s D e y nd e ny hi e em xc pt r s t . put W ood s i t tW r gh ca l hi dur ng t e ni ofJ 23, 2006,t as a d ha i t led m i he ve ng une o k w he e he w a ,and D e t W oo a we e t the had be n pr s ntand a one a r s pu y d ns r d ha e ee l t t appoi ed tm e. he nt i 8 c W rg t d I a t ts onetas d t pr ry durngt e ni ofJ . i ht ol ngr m ha ome r he he ope t i he ve ng une 24,2006. d. W r gh t d l a t tpe ii rorBur t l f t e t ni m es a s on i t ol ngr m ha ttone ne t e t hr a e ng s ge W r gh ' a w e i m a ne. i t s ns rng chi e. l a ' l te r e r t W r g pos es i pe ii r spr t ngr m s e t r ef r ed o i ht s sng ttone ' opery. 5 . Co n e d dn t ns r ta teCic i Co r is e a aii u yisr cin. 6 u s l i o e u e h t h rut u tsu d n lb j r n tu to 57. Couns ldi nots e d ubpoe t Com m onw e t sA to me ora a s s a oft na he alh' t l y n s i t nt he Com m o nwea t sA tor y f r c ds a lh' t ne or e or boutBur t' a t ptt t l c r s a ns ne t s tem o i e ha ge gai t W rg a Btr ,J .TheComm o i ht nd zks r nweat sAtor y a bir rl deci d t pr s lh' t ne r ta iy lne o e s c r a i tW r g orBur ,J . t Com m onw e t sA to ne w a f l a a e ha ges ga ns i ht ks r ; he alh' t r y s uly w r t tt unl w f de a ne w a no good a t w rtofpos es i w a notl w f l ha he a ul t i r s nd he i s s on s a uly e c ed;a t She if c l d w ih t Com m onw e lh' Ator y. xe ut nd he r f olude t he a t s t ne 58. Couns ldi nots e d ubpoe M r and M r . ks Sr t t tf a na . s Bur , . o es iy boutt ri t a r po t hei nii l e r t tBu ks J . c ha r , r had omm itd t ofe es des t pe ii rse ii r ue t te he f ns , pie ttone ' xplc t eq s . 5 9. Couns di nots el d ubpoe Ra a D a e Br nhnm , ho lve i t t a l ri m e a e y na y nd l a w i d n he r ie m di t l be or pe ii r a who c d ha t s ii d a utt ove a lpoorc f e ttone nd oul ve e tf e bo he r l ondii oft ton he pr opery a a i nce be or pe ii t nd ppla s f e ttonerm ove i Couns ldi nott y t t k t t d n. e d r o al o he Br nhn salho a m t ugh c ouns lk w t tRa Br nha w a i ar er t e ne ha y a m s nc c a ed. 60. Co ms di no fl am oto f ramitilormoton t s ta i t ve d c ba e on t el d t ie in o sra i o e sde he r i t s d i or ton i t pr s nt nc r por t tr ie Bur ,J .sf l et tmony t the nf ma i n he e e e e e tha ect d ks r' a s esi ha a rve a t tal ron J 24,2006, t8: a. . lhough sa e e t s r i d t he r ie une a 00 m at tt m n s how hea rve ri d a 3: p. . The Com m onw e lh w ihhel e pa o y e denc t tc r di t d t 00 m a t t d xcul t r vi e ha ont a c e W rght sa Bur 't s i oni s a i ' nd ks e tm e boutt tm es a evi nce s e t tpe ii r he i , nd de how d ha ttone ca l d E- 1be or W rghto t Btr esdi le 91 f e i r he lks d. 61. Couns ldi notfl a m oton f a die t d ve di ton t g ound t tt e d e w as e d ie i or r c e r c he r ha he vi enc i uf i i ntt s ns f c e o how t da a s t t w e lhous w e e com m it d a t s m e tm e a he m ge o he l e r t e t he a i s t da a t t ta lro e n t tt dn a we e c us d by t s me pe s he m ge o he r ie r ve ha he m ges r a e he a r on. 62. Couns ldi notfl a m oton t qua h t i c m e orot r i e c le t e d ie i o s he ndi t nt he w s ha l nge he i c m e ' def c s e n a t rt Ci c tCour as d whe he t r w asa pr e ndi t nt s e t ve fe he r ui t ke t r he e obl m wi t ei it n a de p e s dac nc r a o td u l j o a d Th id cme ti t h ndcme t n x rs e o en b u o b e e p r y. e n it n s h de ec i asunce t i a f c r i t ee dit nc of e es f tve r a n nd or ha g ng hr si t f ns . 63. Couns ldi notfl am o i f abilofpa tc ar alhough t i cm e di no e d ie ton or l ri ul s t he ndit nt d t des rbe a f l ous i e t c i ny e oni nt n . 64. Couns ldi notfl amoton t dimist i c me a f t l de e tve snc no e d ie i o s s he ndit nt s aaly f c i i e s ii i t ntw a c r d i t i c m e f r s a ut r btr a y. pec fc n e s ha ge n he ndi t nt o t t o y z gl r 65. Couns ldi notf l a m oton t d s i st i c m e a voi a i to a f t ly e d ie i o i m s he ndi t nt s d b nii nd a a l de e tve The i cm e c r d t i e t c mi af ony,butt onl i e fci . ndi t nt ha ge he nt nt o om t el he y ntnt i pled w ast c m i a m i de ea . m i o om t s m nor 6 . Co s l i n to j c t t c n ito a v oaigd u l j o a d . 6 un e dd o b e t o he o v cins s i ltn o be e p r y 6 . Co s l i no o j c t t c n it nsa v oaigd u l j o a d o Vign aCo e 7 un e dd t b e t o he o v ci s i ltn o be e p r y r r ii d o j19. 29 a t ,di nottl amotont dimist i cme . 2- 4 nd,hus d ie i o s s he ndit nt 68 Co nslddno o j c t t ec n ito a v oaigd u l j o a d o Vign aCo e . u e i t be t o h o vcins s i ltn o be e p r y r r ii d j19. 285and,t ,di nottl amoto t dimist i cme . 2hus d ie in o s s he ndit nt 9 69. Couns di no m o i t m e ge t c r . el d t ton o r he ha ges 70. Couns co d ha fl d a m o i t m e get of e e a t dim i st i c m en el ul ve ie ton o r he f ns s nd o s s he ndi t t fr o: a l uf i i nte de e t pr t t a l rw asa d eli hous ofa he ; . ns fc e vi nc o ove he r ie w lng e not r b. l ufiinte de t pr af onypr so ofVigi aCodej18. 137, ns fce vi nce o ove el oviin r ni 2- . c. l uf i i ntevi nce t pr i e ;a ns f c e de o ove nt nt nd d. A l ot rgr 1 he ounds c ai i t ha spetton. ont ned n he bea ii Couns di no tl a m oto t di m i st i c m e orvac t t f l c c i el d t i e i n o s s he ndi t nt a e he e ony onvi ton de pie ava i nc be wee t c r esand t pr . s t ra e t n he ha g he oof 7 Co n e d dno fl amoin fr u g n n t t smli t ev r itat o g te 2. u s l i t ie to o j d me t owih t dng h e dc lh u h h m ide e no c c i doe no r quieat e hol a ountofda age Btr ,J . d s m a r onviton s t e r hr s d m m . tks r di no s f ra m e ur bl da t ufe ny as ea e mage a f twhi h mus bepr n t e tbls pe ii r , ac c t ove o sa ih ttone comm it d sa ut ybur a y. te t t or glr 73. Cot s di no fl a m oto f r a diec ed ve di tbas d on cl m 72. m el d t ie in o r t r c e ai 7 Co ns l i no mo int Cic t u tov c t tej d me tta wa o tie o a 4. u e dd t to he ruiCo r t a ae h u g n h t s ban d n f t ly- f c i voi i c m e be a e t m i de ea c r f m e t i e a a l de e tve, d ndi t nt c us he s m nor ha ge or d he nt nt nec s a y f s a ut y bur a y. e s r or t t or gl r 75. Couns di notfl am oton t dimi st i c men asvi a i l sa i i e t el d ie i o s s he ndit t oltng egiltve nt n whe et it ntf sa ut y bur a y mus bet i e tt c r he n e or tt or gl r t he nt n o omm i a f l t eony. 76. Counsldi notfl amotont dimist i cme orva t t j e d ie i o s s he ndit nt cae he udgmentwhee r t c he onvi ton w a ob ai d by pr vi a of e e f rw hi h pe ii rw asnot ci s t ne o ng n f ns o c ttone c r d. Bur s f r l s oft us oft pr r y a de c i d i V i gi a Code ha ge ks uf e ed os he e he ope t s s r be n r ni j18. 1 1 ( ei pr ryofanohe f pur eofda ngi,ec.' 2- 2 ,t rng ope t Ent t r or pos magi t t ' 7 Co nslddn tfl amoinf r u g n n t t sa dngt ev r itfrter a o s 7. u e i o ie t o j d me t owih tn i h e dc o h e s n o des rbe i c am 76. c i d n li 78. Couns ldi notfl am o i f a die t d ve ditf t r a onsde c i d i cl m e d ie ton or r c e r c or he e s s rbe n ai 76. 7 . Co n e ddn to j c wh nt Co n at s b te e ie c p o i a 9 u s l i o be t e he mmo we 1h u mi d vd n e r vng t vi ai ofVigi aCodej 1 2- 21a t algedham s frdbyBur ,J, c olton r ni 8. 1 s he le r ufee ks r whih wa c tt i ly i r s i ebec us pe ii rwa notcha gedwih vi a i s onsiutonal mpe mi sbl a e ttone s r t oltng Vigi aCodej 1 2- 21. r ni 8. 1 80. Couns ldi notpr s r cli 79 f a a and di notr ie ca m 79on ap a . e d e e ve a m or ppe l d a s li pe l 81 Couns ldi notfl amoton t q s o dim ist i c me a f t ly de eci f . e d ie i o ua h r s s he ndit nt s a al f tve or f ii t c r a of e e bec us t r w a no a l ga i ofi e t c m i a a lng o ha ge n f ns a e he e s le ton nt nt o om t f ony. el 82. Couns ldi notr ue tdi c r ora bilorpa tc a s whi h w oul ha pr de e d eq s s ove y l r i ul r , c d ve ovi d de a l d i or a i a t ie nf m ton bouts ii da a ,alege va ue , he pr c s c i e pec tc m ges l d l s t e i e rm s pe ii ne a lgedl co mit a t tm e oft ofe e . Peii rdi nothave tto r le y m ted, nd he i s he f ns s ttone d s tc e notc t f hi a de e e. ufi i nt i e o as on f ns 8 . Co s l i no o j c o t eg o n o j dca et p e t teid cme tsa d 3 un e dd t b e t n h r u d f u iil so p l o h n it n ' n w ar ants am endm entst tchanged t dat oft of enses t bet een June 24 and r ' ha he e he f o w June 25,2006. The Com m onw ealh' pr t t of ense occur ed i t daylght t s oof hat he f r n he i 10 ho r v oae j dca et p e a ds o dta p tto e wa n tg it o t e u s i ltd u iil so p l n h we h t eiin r s o u l f h y m i de e no de t c i ofpr ry c r s m a r s nl ton ope t ha ge. Couns ldi notfl amotont dimist c ge ba e onr j c t andc ltrl e d ie i o s s he har s s d es udiaa olaea et s oppelf t r as des r be i c ai 8 or he e ons c i d n l m 3. 85. Cot s ldi notr bute de a m e d e vi nce boutt dam a W r ghtale dl s t ne t r by he ges i l ge y us ai d, he e al wi gaj g n f rr si to t b e trdf rW rg tsfa d ln cams lo n ud me t o e tt in o e ne e o i h ' r u u e t li . u 86. Couns ldi notpr e e de a e d es nt vi nce boutt da a pr pe te de ec a e va ues a he m ged o ri s' pr i t l , nd t f oni i e wa e i rt pr a t val ofdama a oa d t $1000 he el ous nt nt s ase o ove s he ue ges ppr che he , t es d. hr hol 8 . Co n e d dn t b e t ot Co n at p o dngd ma e t tsa til 7 u s l i o o j c t he mmo we 1 rvii a ge si e t ra h ma i t ad ofs ve daysbe or t i l ns e e n f e ra . 88. Couns di noti s i t pr e te de e,a a g t ta s ar h w a r ntf el d nve tga e, es n vi nc nd r ue ha e c r a or pe ii r sbuc als a wasobt i on i or a i n t tt of ens s oc ur ed on ttone ' c w bs a ned nf m t o ha he f e c r J 25,2006, pe ii une but ttonerw asor gi l c r d w ih c m itng t of e eson i naly ha ge t om ti he f ns J 24,2006. Furhe m or t s a c wa r ntw asnots il d asevi nce oras une t r e, he e r h r a ubm te de pa toft r cor a t r wasno e de wih whi t compa epe ii ne ' DNA. r he e d, nd he e vi nce t ch o r tto rs 8 Cot els d havemove t s e st DNA evi ncebec us t r wasno pr 9. ms houl d o uppr s he de a e he e oof ofho i wa obt ne f a c w t s ai d or ompars wihoutc e o t s a c wa r nt ion t ons nt r he e r h ra . 90. Co ms di no brng t t a tnto oft co tt tW rgh t tfe how hewe t t el d t i o he te i n he ur ha i t esii d nt o hi s and he r t t e t ni m es a f om pe ii ne a t rs e ng t d age , s hop a d wo hr a e ng s ges r tt o r f e e i he am s t r by i yi he s t dn a sbutdi notr po tt da he e mpl ng aw he m ge d e r he mage t polcebe or so i f e Bur ,J . ks r Couns di notfl am oton t srke W rghtst si o a el d ie i o ti i ' e tm ny boutt val oft a l d he ue he lege dn age ie sa he r a bec us W r ghtr por e val he s w s e he e e s t m d t m s a s y a e i e t d ues a om w r l e, he val we eno a he ia e a t vauesdi no ditnguih bewee c t t r par ues r t ut ntc t d, nd he l d t si s t n oss o e i ort r pl c o e a e. 92. Couns ldi notf l que ton Ca ai D os a e d uly s i pt n s boutpe ii ne ' s a em e s whi h c d tto r s t t nt , c oul ha bee us d i pe ii r sdef ns a t Com m onw e t s d ha di cl e ve n e n ttone ' e e nd he alh houl ve s os d. Couns lc d ha i pea hed Ca a n D os w he he t s i i d t tpe ii r wasve y e oul ve m c pt i s n e tfe ha ttone r uncoo r tve a c d ha a ke why Ca an Dos r us d t i si t orfl a pe a i nd oul ve s d pt i s ef e o nve tga e ie c pl ntaga ns W r g . om ai i t i ht 9 . Co nslddn to j c wh nCa ti Dos mirp ee td fcs Peiin rt l 3 u e i o be t e p an s se r s ne a t. tto e od Ca a n D os t tpe ii rcl a d t t a l rf om a pt i s ha ttone e ne he r ie r bout 1 00 a. .t 2: p. . us 0: m o 00 m ; ed hi ke t onl tm e he w e ti o t t a l r a w a nota t t a l ra a tm e a t r s y he y i n nt he r ie ; nd s t he r ie t ny i f e 3: p. . 30 m Couns ldi nots i e de t tt wom a Btr ,J .ma re a ha achid e d ubm t vi nce ha he n zks r ri d nd d l w ih w asnott gi lr e w ih hi a t t a l r Thi m i s a e e ti t t he r f i nd t m t he r ie . s s t t m n n he Co n at se i n es o dt p o e u in' atmp t g r e t j r s mmo we lh' vde c h we he r s c to s te t o a n r he u y' s pat ym hy. 95. Co eldi no a guet tBur ,J . t whiebuc ti t ta lra l rt bl uns d t r ha ks r put he t ke n he r ie fe he ood s a t rha pl te ppene bec us t bucke w a c e n buts r o d a e he t s la u r unde by bl d ood. Cot s di no a gue l che whe e a i abl m el d t r a s r pplc e. 11 97. Cot e di notob e ta t s ntncnghe rngwhent pr ton ofierwho ms l d j c t he e e i ai he obai fc pr ed t present epar he ence reportw asnotpresentf cros exam i i t des i t or s naton o cr be he i tga i s r s t , os u or a m iconduc ,ors es i ofe ul t r nves i ton' e uls pr ec t i l s t uppr son xc pa o y evi dence. 98. A ppelat c m s ldi nota g a li s st tw e e pr er d durng t i . l e ot e d r ue 1 s ue ha r es ve i ral 9 . Ap elt c u s la dp s- o vito c u e fldafio o smoi nf r u g n 9 p l e o n e n o tc n cin o nsl i a e rv l u to o j d me t no wihsa ng t ve ditwihouts ki t pe ii ra t t t ndi he r c t pea ng o ttone boutt moton org vi he i i ng hi a c ofi. m opy t 1 Couns lr nder d i feci a ssa bec us hi l w fr wa atuse i r a e tt 00. e e e ne f tve s it nce a e s a im s r t e n e l sa e s esi vi W r ghtand a t ly s d W r gh t pr pe t o w hi h t da a s al nvol ng i c ua l ol i t he o ry n c he m ge oc ured,whi h consiut aco lc ofi e es a c dha ca e c c r c tt es ntit nt r t nd oul ve us d ouns t be el o r lca t oi e c W rg t Co n e, owa as aGe ea DititCo rj d e eu tn t mp a h i h . u s lwh s lo n r l src u tu g , w asa ne ghboroft pr ec i A s it ntCom m onw ea t sAt o ne w hi h i a i he os utng s s a lh' t r y, c s confi tofi e es be us pr e ut i m i cond ti an i s lc nt r t ca e os c oral s uc s s ue. 1 Pe ii rwasde e duepr es whe e oye oft Vigi aDe t e of 01. ttone nid oc s n mpl es he r ni parm nt Core tons(Ã» r ci t VDOC')fbrc tda i tt i c r a i tpeii ras ' a iae n nsiutonal hage gans ttone r t la i e a i ton. 1 ()Peii rwasde edduepr es whe t Cic tCour di notsrkej or who 02. a ttone ni oc s n he rui t d ti ur s knew anddi busne swihW rg a t Bur e ,a ( c elrnderd d i s t iht nd he ks s nd b) ouns e e i fe tv a ssa eb n tu igp e mptr srke t e cu et e ej r r a dbyn t nefcie sitnc y o sn re o y ti s o x ld h s u o s n o pr e vi t i s s f a es r ng he s ue or ppea . l 1 Pe ii rw a de e due pr e s a t e f tve a s s a ofc 03. ttone s ni d oc s nd he f ec i s it nce ouns lbe aus t e c e he j r wa no p o el isr ce a dc u s lddn ts b o n h s tl e o d a u y s t r p ry n tu td n o n e i o u p e a o pi rc r s nd a hos t ls a fw ho t e t pe ii neron J ne 25,2006. Pe ii nerha a a i be w e n pia t f r a ed tt o u tto d n lbi t e 6: or8: p. .on J m e 24 a t m or ng ofJ 25. 30 30 m t nd he ni une 1 TheCour ofAppea sofVigi aandt Supr m eCour ofVigi avi a e sa e 04. t l r ni he e t r ni ol t d t r de ssa denid peii rduepr s bec us prorc e1 w dei d a Ã» li ' cii nd e ttone oce s a e i as a tne t lng' dwe dif r nty t i pe ii r sca e fe e l han n ttone ' s . 1 Peii ne wa de e duepr ce sg r nt e by f r la sa ec tt i . 05. tto r s ni d o s ua a e d ede a nd t t onsiutons 1 Peii ne wa de e t e f c i a ssa ofc ms lg r nt edby f de ala sa e 06. tto r s ni d he fe tve s it nce ot e ua a e e r nd tt cons iutons. tt i 1 7 Peiine wa d n e til ya u ba e j r a g aa te b fd r l ndsae 0 . t o r s e id ra b n n is d u y s u rn e d y e ea a tt t c tt i a l w s ons iutons nd a . 1 The i c m en w a f t ly de ec i f notgi ng s fc e no i oft na u e a 08. ndi t t s a a l f tve or vi uf i i nt tce he t r nd c us oft ac us tons i vi aton off r la s a e c tt i a l w s a e he c a i , n ol i ede a nd t t ons iutons nd a . 1 Thei c me wa f t ly de e tve f va i nc be we n t a l to and t 09. ndit nt s a al f c i or ra es t e he legai ns he pr ,i vi a i off r la s a e c tt i a l s oof n ol ton ede a nd t t ons iutons nd aw . 110. The i c m e w a f t ly de e tve be aus t r was i uf i i ntevi nc t s ndi t nt s a a l f c i c e he e ns fc e de e o uppo t r a a l ga i of f oni i e ,i vi a i off de a a s a e c tt i a ny le ton el ous nt nt n ol ton e r l nd t t ons iutons nd l s. aw 111. Pe ii rw a nota ttone s ppoi e co m s t r pr s hi w he t Cic tCour va t d nt d t el o e e ent m n he r ui t ca e t m i dem eanorconvi i he s cton. 12 Pe ii rwasnota nt d co e t a a is sa ii fom t Cic tCour' ttone ppoi e uns l o ppe l s ue rsng r he r ui ts o de va tng t m i de e norc c i r r ca i he s m a onvi ton. Couns di notfl a m oton t di m i st m i dem e no c r ,t r by a l i t el d ie i o s s he s a r ha ge he e low ng he c ag t c n a n t t til n ba tej r h r e o o tmiae he ra a d is h u y. 11 The unl w f m i de e norc r w hi h wasus d t s c e t s a ut r bur a y 4. a ul s m a ha ge, c e o e ur he t t o y gl r c n it n, a e t ej r o vci bis d h u y. o 11 The i c m e di no c a n no i oft pr e st el m e of s cii i e f 5. ndi t nt d t ont i tce he er qui ie e nt pe f c nt nt or t s a ut y btr a y c r he t t or z gl r ha ge. 11 Thei c me doesnotg venotc ofa s c fc i e ,i vi a i off der la 6. ndit nt i i e ny pe ii ntnt n olton e a nd s a e c tt t o and l s t t ons iu i ns aw . Pe ii rwasnota nt d co elt r pr s nthi whe t Cic tCo tva td ttone ppoi e uns o e e e m n he r ui ur cae t m i de e norco c i he s m a nvi ton. 118. Pe ii rw asnota nt d co elt a a t Cic tCour ' or rvac tng t ttone ppoi e uns o ppe l he r ui ts de a i he m i de e nor c c i s m a onvi ton. Th r ha b e n j dca rve o d tr n to o wh t rt Cic tCo r' o d r ee s e n o u iil e iw r eemiain f ehe he rui u ts r e vac tng t mide e a i he s m anorc ci i onvi ton mpaced t ti . t he ral 1 0.Thelc o j iil e iw d srb di cam 1 9d ne peiin rd ep o e s 2 a k f udca r ve e c ie n li 1 e id t o e u r c s . t 1 The Supr m e Cour ofV i gi a di notor t Cic tCour t c 21. e t r ni d der he r ui t o onduc a hea i t t rng o de e m i t valdiy ofr tt i alhough i or r t tt m ide nor t r ne he i t esiuton t t de ed ha he s mea c c i be va a e onviton c t d. 1 The Cicui Co ts f iur t hol a hea i a tr tt i de e pe ii rdue 22. r t ur ' a l e o d rng bou es iuton ni d ttone pr es a r pr e a i ofcou elbe us pe ii rwa or r t pa $900 i oc s nd e es nt ton ns ca e ttone s de ed o y n r s iuton t W r g ,who wasdes g t d t vi tm oft va at m i de e nor e tt i o i ht i na e he c i he c ed s m a pr r y da a c c i ope t m ge onvi ton. 1 Pe ii rw a de e due pr ce sby t Supr m e Cour ofV i g ni sde alof 23. ttone s ni d o s he e t r i a' ni pe ii r sm oton w ih hi fr ts a e ha aspe ii t dec a e t unl w f de a ne ttone ' i t s is t t be tton o l r he a ul t i r j d me t i a i ii. u g n vod b nto 1 4 Peiine wa d n e d ep o e s tilb a u b a e j r a rp e e tto o 2 . t o r s e id u r c s ,ra y n n is d u y, nd e r sn ain f t c ms l Couns lw asnotpe m it d t c lenge t a ountofda a ca cul t d ot e . e r te o ha l he m m ges l a e durngti .The Supr m eCout ofVigi ar e i La i ral e ' t r ni ul d n whor v.W a d oft Re n r en he d Oni Stt Prs No.1 60 ( J y 1 2011,ha t dama we es fce t on ae ion, 018 Va. ul , ) t t he ges r ufiint o pr pe ii r si e t c m i f ony de tuc i n ofpr pe t a t tno m one a y ove ttone ' nt nt o om t el sr to o ry nd ha tr va ue w a ne s a y t pr t m i de e nordes r ton ofpr ry c r l s ce s r o ove he s m a t uc i ope t ha ge. Ho ve,t j ywasi tucedt c i rat ehol a we r he ur nsr t o onsde hr s d moun ofmo t yvauea t near l nd i pr pe l i e r d f o t e de e t tpe ii ne i e t o ly da age t m o ry nf r e r m he vi nc ha tt o r nt n i na l m d he pr opert y. 1 The Cic tC o ts f iur t a ntcouns la a l pettone t be pr s ntw he 25. r ui ur ' a l e o ppoi e nd low ii r o ee n t Cic tCour va a edt m ide e norc c i de e pe ii rdue pr es , he r ui t c t he s m a onviton ni d ttone oc s til ya t is djty a drp e e tto o c u e be a etej r d lb rtd ra b n mba e t , n e r sn ai n f o nsl c us h u y ei eae r guiton bot c r . l h ha ges 126. Ther w asa f alvar ance bet een t alegatons and t pr because t e at i w he l i he oof he mi sdem eanorchar w asuntm el pr ge i y osecut and pettonerw asnotper it t ed, ii m ted o atend a heazi w hen t Ci tCour vacat t m i t ng he rcui t ed he sdem eanor convi i . cton 13 1 The e wasa f t lvara ebe we n t a l a i a t pr be a et i cm e 27. r a a inc t e he leg tons nd he oof c us he ndit nt di nota l ge t i e t co m i a pr pe t da age a pe ii rw asnot d le he nt nt o m t ny o ry m s nd ttone pe m it d t a tnd ahea i whe t Cic tCour va t t m ide e no r te o te rng n he r ui t caed he s m a r c onvi ton. ci l l. Cl m s 38,7 7 85,1 ,a 1 m us be di m i s d bec us t c a m s do notr l t t ai 2, 3, 01 nd 23 t s se a e he l i eae o p tto e ' c n iu dc t d pls a t oa e sig saec urj d me t A f d r l o r ma ei n rs o tn e uso y t u n t n xitn tt o tu g n . e ea c u t y i r g a th b a r le fo asaec u tu g n E nl o teg o ndt a gh peiin r i i r n a e s eif r m tt o r j d me t i y n h r u h t te t o e j s n o t c t i vi aton oft Consiu i orl wsorte tesoft Unie St t .'28 U. C. usody n ol i he tt ton a r ai he t d aes' S. j2254() a. Pei o rag e i cam 3 ta j io fcasddn t rn p r p an ift aj d ca t ine r u s n li 8 h t al fiil i o ta s o t litf o u iil t he r ng f t unl ulde a nera ton,a g i c ai 85 t tc a i or he awf ti c i r ues n l m ha ouns lf l t c le e aied o ha l nge r siuto c l ulto , gue i cli 1 t tVDOC sa ff brcaed a i tt i e tt i n a c a i ns ar s n am 01 ha t f a i t n nsiutonal di c plna y cha ge,a a g s i cl i 1 t tt Su em e Co tofV igi a vi a ed due si i r r nd z ue n a m 23 ha he pr ur r ni ol t p o e sb no s tiga iet d f ut u g n i t eu lwfld tie a to Cli 7 a d r c s y t etn sd he e a lj d me t n h na u ean r cin. ams 2 n 73 a e m oo be us t y di c sde ec sr a ed t t now - c t d m i de e norco c i r t ca e he s us f t el t o he va a e s m a nvi ton. Peii raloge r l ale va i vi ai ofVigni lw,bu ig atr ofsaelw not ttone s nealy lges rous olton r i a a t imlte s tt a i vi f de a co tt i na i s a e no a opr a e gr nvol ng e r l ns iuto l s ues r t ppr i t ounds f f de a ha or e r l beasc pus or r i . Halyv. s y,58 F. 11 115( hCi.1 ) Ac r ngl agume sa elef' ie Dore 0 2d 2, 4t r 978 . co di y, r nt bout ' vi a i ofVi gi a l a c a m s 38,7 73,85,1 ,a 1 do notc er a f r ll w ol tons r ni aw nd l i 2, 01 nd 23 onc n ny ede a a r l va t pe ii rscon i d c t f f ony sa u or bur l y a m us bedim is d. e e nt o ttone ' tnue usody or el t t t y gar nd t s se 14 11 1. A. A pettone pr ce aly de a t af de a ha ii r o dur l f uls e r l beasc am when t sae c thasde lne li Ã» t t our a ci d t c i rt cli ' me ison t bassofa ade t a i pe entsa epr dur nze.' o onsde he am s rt he i n qua e nd nde nd tt oce al l ' He ikv. ue 443F. 342, ( hCi. drc Tr , 3d 359 4t r 2006) A saec tsfndi ofpr durldea t . tt our' i ng oce a ful i e il t a pr um pton ofc r t s pr de t o f s ntted o es i or ec nes , ovi d w ounda i lr qui e e s a e m e . 28 tona e r m nt r t U. C.j2254( ;Clnt v. S. * a on Munc 845F. 1 1 ( h Ci.1 .Fis,t saec t v, 2d 238, 241 4t r 988) rt he tt our m us e i il r y on t pr ed a g ound t de pe ii rr i . Y 1tv. ul e a r 501 t xplc ty el he oc ur l r o ny ttone elef s N m m ke , U. 7 7 8 2 0 ( 9 ) Ha rsv Re d 4 9U. 2 5 2 9 61( 98 ) S c n ,h sae S. 9 , 0 - 3 1 91 ; ri . e , 8 S. 5 , 5 - 1 9 . e o d te tt pr dur lr e us t def ul pe ii r s c a m m us be a i pe nta a qua e s a e oce a ul ed o a t ttone ' l i t n nde nde nd de t t t gr f rdenyi r lef Fo dv.Ge gi 498U. 411 423- ( 991 .Hars 489U. a ound o ng ei . r or a, S. , 24 1 ) ri, , S. t 260. TheSu rmeCo r o Vignad cie t a j iaecams2 4 6 8 1 ,1 - 4, 7, pe u t f r ii e ln d o dudc t li - , , - 0 3 1 1 1 () 1 - () 2 - 7, 94 a, 5 a ,1 2() a d 1 4p ru n t Sa t nv. n c n 21 Va 8 a , 9 22 a, 3 3 3 -4() 4 () 0 a , n 0 u s a t o lv o Pa i a , 5 . 27, 3 5 S. 2d6 0( 9 4 . TheS p e Co r o Vign ad cie t a j dc t cams1 5 0 E. 8 1 7 )5 u r me u t f r ii e l d o du iae li 0 n 122 and 125-127 as unt m el , purua t Vigi aCodej8. - 4( ( . i y s nt o r ni 0165 A)2)6 The Unied St t sCou tofAppe sf t Fourh Cic thasr peaedl r ogni d t t t ae r al or he t r ui e t y ec ze ha t ep o e u a d fulr lso Sa t na dVignaCo ej8. - 5 ( ( )c nsiu ea e uae h r c d r l e a t ue f lv o n r i i d 016 4 A)2 o t t d q t t a i nd ndepe ntsa el w g oundsf rdec sons Se e. , s rv. nde t t a r o ii . e. c.Fihe Ance one 1 F. 8 l , 63 3d 35, 5slvo p e ld saVigni c u trm rve n an n- rsito a cam i ap tto frawrt fh be s a tn rcu e r i a o r fo e iwig o j idcin l li n eiin o io a a u cor whe t cam coul havebe pr s nt atti a ona albutwasnot pus n hat li d en e e ed ral nd ppe . 6Cl m s1 t ough 1 a ei ntc t t cl m spr e e t t Supr m eCou ofV igi ai t s ond sae ai 05 hr 22 r de ial o he ai es ntd o he e rt r ni n he ec tt ha beaspeii Cli 1 m e eyr wor untm ey cam sl 07,111 11 a 11 1 ,and cl i s 1 a tton. am 25 r l e ds i l li 05-1 4, nd 7- 21 am 26 nd , 1 r wor cam s1 108- 1 11 1 a 1 A c or ngl 1tea cli s1 1 aspr e al defuled 27 e d li 05, 1 0, 5-1 6, nd 20. c di y, r t am 25- 27 oc dur ly a t a u tmey u d rVig naCo e j8 016 4 A)2 ,i et ee h u t dc amst e a eb s do s n i l n e r i i d . - 5 ( ( ) l h x a se li h y r a e n. k 15 8 4( t Ci. 9 8 ; Del Neh ra , 5F.d 1 1 1 43( hCi.1 9 ) Th r fr ,he 4 4h r 1 9 ) O' 1 v. te lnd 9 3 2 4, 2 4t r 9 6 . ee o e t Su e e Cour ofV i gi a di m i s d t s cl i s pur ua t i pe ntand a qua e s a e pr m t r ni s s e he e a m s nt o nde nde de t t t pr durlnzes andpeii rpr edurlyde a tdcams2- 6,8 1 1 1 1 1 a,1 oce a l , ttone oc al f ule li 4, - 0, 3-4, 7, 8() 9- 2 () 23 3 , 9 4 () 45 a,1 2 a , 0 - 2 a d 1 5 1 7 2 a, - 7 3 - 4 a , () 0 () 1 4 1 2, n 2 - 2 . 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A f de a cour m a notr vi w apr edu a l de a t d c a m a e a s i ofa e rl t y e e oc r ly f ule l i bs nt how ng fmd me tl sa ra eo j tc o c us a dprj d c .S e ec.M a t e v Ry n, U. t a n a mic rig f usie r a e n eu ie e , . , ri z . a - S. n 1 2 S. .1 0 ,1 6( 01 ) A c u t o sn t e dt c nsd rteis o p eudc i t 3 Ct 3 9 31 2 2 . o r d e o n e o o ie h sue f rj ie n he abs eofca e.Kor hr nsv.Evat66F. 1 0,1 9( h Ci.1 . enc us na e t, 3d 35 35 4t r 995) A pe ii r sunf la iy w ih 1 w ora co tspr e a r esdoe no pr de a ttone ' mnii r t t a ur ' oc dur l ul s t ovi bassf esa ihi c e Se e. ,Harsv.M c r 334F. 665,668- (t Ci.2003) i or tbls ng aus . e, g. ri Ado y, 3d 69 7h r (i ngt tapeii ' pr s sausdoesnotconsiut a quaegr f ca e .l t d, fndi ha ttoners o e tt tt e de t ound or us ) nsea ca e c tt esa nove c am ,af c ore e na t t de e et ti us onsiut l li a t xt r l o he f ns ha mpede compla e wih t d i nc t he s a e pr dur lr e,o a er o by c t t oce a ul r n r r ouns l Co e a v.Tho ps n,501 U . 722, - 4 e. lm n m o S. 753 5 ( 991 .Couns ' er ma s r a c us i peii rde tat ( )t tt er wass 1 ) els ror y eve s a e f ttone monsr es 1 ha he ror o e egi t ti vi a ed pe ii ne ' c tt t o lr g t efec i as i t nc ofcouns l a gr ous ha t ol t tto r s ons iu i na i ht o f tve s s a e e , nd ( t tt i fci as itncecam isl i e use a notpr e aly dea td. 2) ha he nefe tve ssa li tef s xha td nd oc dur l fule Edwadsv. r ntr 529U. 446,45152( r Ca pe e, S. - 2000) A pr e ta deaul wilno ba af r . oc dtrl f t l t r edeal ha sc tfo c i i a i ubsa il'i f c i as it e ofc bea our r m onsderng Ã» t nta ' nefe tve ssanc s ouns lcl m i a e ai f pe ii ne di notha c tto r d ve ouns li t i talr vi w pr e ng ori cot eli t tpr e ng e n he nii e e oce di f ms n ha oc edi i wa i fci 7 SeeM artnez,132 S Cta 1 6,1 1 ( i t tapeii rmus s s nefe tve. . t 31 3 8. notng ha ttone t how . 1l V igi a an i feci as itnceofc elcl m i notcogni bl on diec a ala m us ber s vi a n r ni, ne f tve ssa ouns ai s za e r t ppe nd t aied a 16 t tt u ry ng i f c i a ssa c am us t e e apr edur lde a tm us be ha he nde l i nefe tve s it nce l i ed o xcus oc a f ul t ts tntal'byhavi i o mei' tubsa i ' ng Ã§ me rt' s ) Peiin ra g e ta h sc n cinc nsi tsaf n a na mic rig o j sie tto e r u s h t i o vito o t u e u d me tl s ara e f u tc t be a s hi win s e e pli dhsaii o wh nt eci so c re Ho v r t ej r c u e s t e s s x ane i lb f r e h rme c u rd. we e ,h u y de e mi d t Comm onweat se de et bem o e c e bl t n pe ii r swines es hi t r ne he lh' vi nc o r r di e ha ttonc ' t s ' s . mot r hi fa Ã©,who i af l t fanc smot r a t ta ssse . Se M q s l v. he ; s i nc s e on;he i Ã©' he ; nd he i ncÃ©' it r Ã§ r hal Lonbe ae,459U. 422,434( 983)(ttngfdea ha asrviw doesnotrdeemi t r r S. 1 sai e rl be e e e tr ne he ce biiyofwinese ) Peiine ' meeds g e me twiht j r sc ncu indo sn t rdi lt t s s. tto rs r ia r e n t he u y' o lso e o co tt e c e ns iut aus . Pe ii ralo c ude t tt Supr me Cour ofVigi a' k a c i e pr t ton'of ttone s oncl s ha he e t r ni s t di al nt r e a i ' r t ne es a y s ii i e f sa ut y bur ar wa s unf es a ea t de i due he c s r pec fc ntnt or tt or gl y s o or ee bl s o prvc pr es.( trsRes 1 ) Howe r peii rdoesn0ti ntf t Cntr eai ' ex an oc s Pe '' p. 8. ve, ttone de iy he d eprtton'or pli i h w i wa t a ia. Ac o dn l, eiin rfist etb ihc us o p eu ieba e o a o t s d d c l' c r igy p t o e al o sa ls a e r rj d c s d n n r ' t uns i d i adi li e pr t ton' o Vigi a lw .Se Unie St t sv. i auna ,1 F. pecie d ca nt r e a i ' f r ni a r e t d a e M kali s 86 3d 490, ( hCi.1 ( s usi c nge i 1w t tquaiy a c usl Kor hrnsv. t, 493 4t r 999) dic sng ha s n a ha lf s a e ; na e Evat 66F. 1 1 ( hCi.1 (i nga laec e no i fe ief notf esei a 3d 350, 360 4t r 995) fndi ppelt ounsl t nefctv or or e ng cha i l . nge n aw) Pe ii r a s a gue t tpr e ut r a m i c ttone l o r s ha os c o i l s onduc oc r d w he t pr e t t cur e n he os cu or i e nz e Bur ,J .st tmony when Bur , r wa a lge y a ntr pt d ks r' esi ks J . s le dl boutt lea utc e ni t o i bo l a ng he sa eha e sp tto . S e ea.Ro c v Co n at , 51Va 3 4, 3 n., 6 S E.d 9 ,l 5n. ( 9 6 , t t b a e i n e . . , a h . mmo we 1 2 i h . 2 3 5 4 4 8 . 2 8 0 4 19 ) ove r e i i e e a pa t x M ors tev. adenoft SusexlSt ePrs 270 Va.1 202, 3 S. 2d 55l r ul d n nu-v nt r b l. ie t W r he s at ion, 88, 61 E. , 5 2( 0 )Hal Co n at 3 Va Ap 7 ,8 5 5S. 2d3 3, 4 (9 9 . 6 20 5 ) lv. mmo we 1 0 . p. 4 2, 1 E. 4 3 7 1 9 ) h, 17 . k th n' pei o ra kn wld e t a t ep o e u o ma n t a k o of h si ru y, a d ic e . tt ne c o e g s h t h r s c t r y o h ve n wn t i t j r ' n i pe ' t tans rptdoe notr a a pr e oralm iconduc du i t e m i i n. Pe ii r s he r c i s eve l ny os cut i s t r ng he xa nato ttone ' fla iusa g me tc nn t o ttt c u e a dh fist etb ihprj ie alco r u n n o c nsi e a s , n e al o sa ls eudc . u Pe ii r f t rar ttone ur he guest tt c ai sba e by Sl yt s ul be e us d bec us of ha he l m n'd a on ho d xc e a e hi i feci as it e ofc s ne f tve ssanc ouns lcl ms Asdic s d i pa tI . ,noneofpe ii r s e ai . s us e n r V A. ttone ' exha t non- f uled i f c i as i t e ofc used, de a t nef e tve s sanc ouns c a m s a e s t tala t , el l i r ubs an i nd, hus ca nnote us a pr ed a def ul. xc e oc ur l a t Pe ii r a tonaly a g t tc ai s 1 - 22, nd 1 1 s ul notbeba r d by ttone ddii l r ues ha l m 05 1 a 25- 27 ho d re V i g ni s sat e oflm ia i be a e he tm el fl d t m w ihi one ye r ofwhe t Cic t r i a' t ut i t tons c us i y i e he tn a n he r ui Cour va tdt mide a conviton.tunderfdealha a l gedea c t)a eno t cae he s me nor ci Ã» e r be s aw,f rl ours r t a lbe t t que to a s a e cou ts a i a i ofa s a e pr e alr e be us a sa e cour ' t i ry o s i n t t r ' pplc ton t t oc dur ul ca e t t ts fndi ofpr edur lde a ti no r vi wabl i t fndi i bas upon a ade t a i ng oc a f ul s t e e e f he i ng s ed n qua e nd i pe ntsaegr nde nde tt ound. ila v. e h,1 F. 203, ( h Ci.1 ) Vigni s ' lims Frnc 46 3d 'W 209 4t r 998 . r i a' s a ut oflm ia i nsi a a qua e a i e nde s a e gr m d,a t ,lca t t e i t to s n de t nd nd pe nt t t ot nd hus nnotc ns de o i r whe he t Supr m e Cour ofV igi a cor e ty a i d V i gi a l w . t r he e t r ni r c l pple r ni a Co s q e ty, eiin rfist e tbls c us a dp eudc o af n a n a n e u nl p t o e al o sa ih a e n rj ie r u d me tl t mic rig o j tc . s ara e f usie 102() 1 1 a 1 1 mus bedimisd a pr durlydeauled. a, 04- 22, nd 25- 27 t s se s oee al f t SThee hangepeii ct a pr e o ilmico ucti a f l s xc ttoner ies s os cutra s nd s s olow : Q2 ltej r wh t stec n io o tetalrwh ny ug ttee Telh uy a wa h o dt n fh rie e o o h r. i A: e 1g th r,iwa gila i l i i. . Th to r weesan dfo c t e d p e a sufl e Wh n o tee t s sc nmas n t. . e l os r tie r m a pe , og e , nd tf i k t t ... K iche waski ofm es y. Re r ge a orha mol i i. Them ea i t r ha . t n nd s fi r t d d n t t n he e Q: h td dy u d ? W a i o o A: . ( ea dmywie a dmymoh ra myfte, to a dcen dou t talr Weh dinc a d . .MJ n f, n te nd ah r we o k n la e the rie. a t ie n s tes .... po l s ( . 2:- 2) Tr 3 9 2 . 18 IV . Cli 1 5,7,11 1 1 16,l b) 22( , b) 45( , 84,86- 00,1 b) a 1 ams , - 2, 5- 8( , b) 44( , b)461 02( , nd 03 pr e f de a i s ,a e e us e and a e no ba r f o f de a r vi . A fe a s a e co t es nt e r l s ues r xha t d, r t z ed r m e r l e ew tr t t ur addr s est m e is ofa c a m a s r s d i a f de alha a pe ii a f de a co tm a not e s he rt l i l o ai e n e r be s tton, e r l ur y g a ttep tto u ls tesaec u tsa j dc to o acam i c nr r t , ra r n h eii n ne s h tt o r' du iain f li s o tay o o n unr s na e a i aton of c ea l e t bls d f de a 1 w o ba e on a unr as bl ea o bl pplc i , l ry s a ihe e r l a r s d n e ona e deemi tonoft f t.28U. C.j2254( tr nai he acs S. *. The e l ton ofw he he a s a e c tde i i n i t ont a y t 'or: n unr as bl va ua i t r t t our c s o s t r r o' 6 c a e ona e a i ton of' e a lw i ba ed on a i pe ntr vi w ofe ch sa r W ila v. pplcai f der l a s s n nde nde e e a t nda d. li ms Ta or 5 U. 362,41 1 ( ) A saec tdeemi toni i ontayt 'fde a lw i vl , 29 S. 2- 3 2000 . tt our tr nai s s rr o' e r l a f c i t ri sa ac usonoppost t t tra dby (heUniedSttsSuprme Co tona t l rve t oncl i a ie o ha e che t t ae e l ur quesi of1 o i t saec tde i sac edifrntyt n gheUniedSttsSupr j ton aw r f he tt our cde as fee l ha t t ae eme Cour hason a s tofm a e i l i si s bl f c s' 1 a 4 1 t e t raly ndi tngui ha e a t . d. t 3. ' A f de alcour m ay a s i s t w rtunde t Ã» e ona e a i a i 'c a e i t e r t l o s ue he i r he t as bl pplc ton' l us f he unr fdealcour fndst tt saecour tde ii t c r tgove ni lga prncpl fom ghe e r t i ha he tt tÃ» ntfes he orec i r ng e l i i e r t Supr me Co ' de ii butunz s na ya i t tprncpl t t f oft prs rs e l mts csons ea o bl pples ha i i e o he ads he ione ' e s . 1 Th sr ao be e ssa d r i a o j di o e I a 41 A Vign ac r' a e' d. i e s na ln s tn ad s n b e ve n . d. t 0. ' r ii ou ts fndi c nno bedee e unr as i ngs a t m d e onabl m e el be us i doe no cie e tbls d Unie e r y ca e t s t t sa ihe td St t Supr m e Cour pr c nton a i s i t r ul r ac d i notc r y t t t a es e t e ede n s ue f he es t e he s ontar o ha e tbih dp e e e t M ic lv. p ra 5 0U. 1 1 ( 0 3 .FM h r r ,s ) sa ls e r c d n . thel Es az , 4 S. 2, 6 2 0 ) e mo e da l s a e e tf c ua de e m i ton i notum va ona e m e el bec us t f de a ha asco t t t - our a t l t r na i s s bl r y a e he e r l be ur woul ha r c d adif r ntc uson i t frti tnc ' W ood v. l 558 U. 290, d ve ea he fe e oncl i n he is nsa e. ' Alen, S. >1 0 S. . 41 8 9( 01 ) 3 Ct 8 , 4 2 0 . A fderlcour rviwi aha speiinÃ» e umellt gttlcour' f cua e a t e e ng bea tto Ã» s s he sae pr ts a t l fn i g t b s u du ls g t in r rb t t p e u to o c re te sb ce ra d id n s o e o n n e s pei o e j e u s t rs mpi n f o r cn s y la n t he c nvn i e i e c .' M ilrEl Drte 5 5U. 2 , 4 ( 00 )( u tn 28U. C. o icng v d n e' le- v. ek , 4 S. 31 2 0 2 5 q o ig ' S. j225 e)1) Se ec.Le v. ahi on, F. 295,300- ( h Ci. 4( ( ). e. . , nz W s nct 444 3d 01 4t r 2006) Fi l . naly, krvi unde j2254( ( )i lmiedt t rc dt twasbeor t saec tha te ew r d)1 s i t o he e or ha f e he tt our t t a j dc tdtecam o t emeis' Culnv Pih ltr 5 3U. du iae h li n h rt. le . n o se , 6 S. , 31S. .1 8 ,1 9 ' 1 Ct 3 8 3 8 ( 11. 20 ) Fo t r a o d srb dh ra tr teS p e Co r o Vign asa j iaino r he e s ns e c ie e e fe,h u r me u t f r ii ' dudc to f cams1 5 7 1 - 2 1 - 6, 8b , 2() 4 b , ( , 6 8 8 - 0 ,1 2 b , n 1 3wa li , , , 1 1 , 5 1 1 () 2 b , 4() 45b) 4 -4, 6 1 0 0 ( ) a d 0 s net rcon r r t ora um e ona ea i ton of cea l esa ihe f de a l w norba e ihe ta y o, n as bl pplcai , l ry t bls d e r l a sd on a l ea ona ede e m i ton oft f c s Acc di y, ttone i note il t ha s n mr s bl t r na i he a t . or ngl peii r s ntted o bea r lef ei . A.I NEFFECTI A SSI VE STANCE OF COUNSEL CLAI S M Th S p e Co r o Vig nar le o S rc ln v. a hn tn, 6 U. 6 ( 9 4 , e u r me u t f r i i eid n tik a d W s ig o 4 6 S. 68 1 8 ) t dim ispeii r si feci a ssa ofc o s s ttone ' ne f tve s it nce ouns cai s pe ii rc am i i fe tve el l m .A ttone l i ng ne f c i a ssa e ofc s it nc ouns lmus s ts' at pr e t s . Thetrtpr ngr quiesapeii ne t e t a if wo- ong d e t y is o e r tto r o s how khatcouns m a eror s s roust tc t t el de r s o e i ha ouns lwa notf e s undi ng a t Ã» ouns l oni s he e e' g a e dt deenda byt Si hAme me ll'mea ngt tcouns lsrpr e ai fl uarnte he f nt he xt nd nt,' ni ha e' e esntton el beo a obe tvesa z ofras blne s9 sti and,466 U S. t687- Thes c lw n j ci tnda d e ona e s . r ckl a 88. e ond . 9Ã»AJ atr y' a t o o sin t t r n t c n tuin lndviu l cn t ea d dtg te t ce t a v n tone s cs r miso s ha ae o un o si to a i i d al a no b d e o eh r o rae ( t y 20 p o grq ie ap tto e t s o t a c u s lsd fce tp ro ma c prj ie hi b r n e ur s eiin r o h w h t o n e' e in ef r n e eudc d m y de monsr tng aÃ» ea o bl pr biiyt t bu f c ta i l s na e oba lt ha , t or ouns lseror , her s toft r e ' r s t e ul he pr e ng wo d ha be dif r nt'l 1 . a 69 Fort f l ng r as ,c a m s oce di ul ve en fe e . o d t 4. ' he olowi e ons l i 1 5 7 1 - 6 1 ( ) 2 ( ) 4 ( ) 45b , 6 71 7 - 4 8 - 0 ,1 2b) a d 1 3ddn t e c ie , , , 5 1 , 8 b , 2 b , 4 b , () 4 - , 4 8 , 6 1 0 0 ( , n 0 i o d srb d fce t ro ma c o s fiin p eu ie a t eS p e Co r o Vigni' aj d c to eiin pef r n e r u fce t rj dc , nd h u rme u t f r i a s du iai n oft ecli wa no co r r t ora unr s bl a i a i of clary e t bls f de a hes a ms s t nta y o, n ea ona e pplc ton , e l s a ihed e r l lw orbas d o a unr s bl de e mi ton oft f t. a e n n ea ona e t r nai he ac s 1 Cl i sbas d on a soromi so be or ti . . am e ct s i ns f e ral I cams4 , 3 a d 8 peiin rag e c u e wa iefci ef rn to j cigt te n li 8 8 , n 4, tto e r u s o nsl s n fe tv o o be t o h n Com monwe lh' a e e st t wa r nta i cm e a a t s m ndm nt o he ra nd ndit nt boutwhe t ofe esoc ure n he f ns c r d. The i cm e a wa r twe epr ry a e ndi t nt nd ran r ope l m nded,a c nd ouns lc l o bei feci f rnot e am t ne f tve o ma n afi oo o j cin.Vigni lw pemist etilc u toa n tec ag n kig rv lus b e to r i a a r t h ra o r t me d h h r i g docu e s butadef nda i e ild t ac i ncei t a e e i a s prs Se .e. , m nt , e nt s ntte o ontnua f he m ndm nt s ur ie. e g. Ra sv. mmo we 1 27 Va 3 4 3 4 4 , 3 SE.d6 ,7 2 ( 0 ) Peiin rd dno wl Co n at 2 . 3 , 4 - 5 6 4 . 2 97 0 20 6 . tto e i t h, aleget tt a e e swe e as r ie a i lg ofVigi a l cou e c d notas e t l ha he m ndm nt r u prs , nd n i ht r ni aw, ns l oul sr av ldlg l sst o j c t ten n me t ai e a bai o b e t o h me d n . I cai s62,64, 65,c n lm and ouns lwasal ge y i fe tve f notm o ngt qua h t e le dl ne f c i or vi o s he i dcme tb c u eo d u l j o ad be a s i ddn ts e iywha f ln p tto e i tn d n it n e a s f o b e e p r y; c u e t i o p cf t eo y eiin r ne de c nttt na voain. Fihe v An eo e 1 3F.d8 5 8 2 5 (t Ci.1 9 ) Src a detbih da o si i l ilto ' s r . a ln , 6 3 3 , 5 - 3 4h r 9 8 . tikln sa lse uo ' <to p eu to ta c u e' c nd tfl wihntewiern eo rao a ep oe so a assa c kl l rng rs mp in h t o nsls o uc al ti h d a g f e s n bl r fsin l sitn e.' s s ' Src ln 46 U. a 6 9 ' u iilsr t yo c un e'p roma c mu t hg yd frnil,'a i v r tika d, 6 S. t 8 . t dca c ui f o sls efr n e s be ihl eee t gq nd t e. l n a ' e y efl ( s)b ma et ei n t tedso t gefcsof id ih .. a dt e au t te(h l ng d c n u t fo' mu t e d o l ae h itri fe t hn sg t .n o v lae h c al e l o d c t mi n e fo c u s lspe s ci ea t t . l .t E fe tv r p e e t to i no s no ymo wihe r re s r m o n e' rpe tv t he i ' d Ã§ l f ci e e r s n ain s t y n us t ro ls me ' g r p e e tto . S rna rv. li , 6F.d 3 9 3 2 (t Ci.1 7 ) Th rg t o e fc iea ssa eo c u e e r s n ai n ' o i e Co l 58 2 2 , 3 4 h r 9 8 . e ih t fe tv s itnc f o ns l ' ns e it o ywh r t rg toc u s l xssi t f s pa e Wan i t . r a 4 5U.. 6 58 8 ( 9 2) xss nl ee he ih t o n e e it n he i t lc . iwre v To n , 5 S 58 , 7-8 1 8 . r 1 I a pettone hasnots ts i d one pr ng oft Sti kl t s , ac r doesnotnee t i r whehe pe ii r 0f ii r a i fe o he rc and e t ou t d o nquie t r ttone hass ts i d t ot rpr a i fe he he ong. l a 697. d. t t co m i whe br l and e e i t tal r andbe us i c r a i e t c o m t n eadng nt rng he r ie ; ca e t ha ged n nt nt o omm i a t f l whiet onl i i i e wa t co mi am ide e nor l cli s74 a 75, e ony l he y mpled nt nt s o m t s m a . n am nd c ouns w a al ge y i f tvef notm ovi t dimi st i cm e a vi a i el s le dl nefec i or ng o s s he ndi t nt s oltng l il tvei e a bei f t ly de eci I c am 81 c eg sai nt nt nd ng a al f tve. n l i , ouns lwasalege y i feci f e l dl ne f tve or notm ovi t qua h ordimi st i cm e asf t ly de eci bec us i di no a lge ng o s s s he ndi t nt a a l f tve a e t d t le pe ii rha t i e t co m i a f ony. tt one d he nt nt o m t el The r c d, weve ,esa ihed t tt i c me pr ry c r dpe ii ne wih e or ho r t bls ha he ndit nt ope l ha ge tto r t sauo yb r lr a dwihteitn t c mmiafln , ndd u ej o a d wa n t ttt r u ga y n t h n e t o o t eo y a o bl e p r y s o i i a e be aus t e e t oft f ony a mide e norc r eswe e dif r t The f c mplc t d c e he l men s he el nd s m a ha g r fe en . at t tpe ii rf l t a ualy ca e$1000 worh ofda ag doc notne et i e he ha ttone aied o ct l us , t m es s gat he nt nt pos e s t c e a l as $1000 worh ofda a ,a c e cou d notbe i f c i f s s ed o aus t e t , t m ges nd ouns l l nefe tve or ma ng afi ousmoton. ki rvol i l c am 63,c n li ouns lwa al ged y i f e tvef notr que tng abilofpa tc a st e s le l ne f ci or e si l ri ulr o i tf t i e t c mi af l den iy he nt nt o om t eony. l cli 82,c n am ouns lwasalege y i feci f not e l dl ne f tve or s ki dic r a abilofpa tc a st lar mor i or ton abo t da a .A bil ee ng s ove y nd l riul r o e n e nf ma i ut he m ges l ofpa tc a si r quie onl whe a i cm e i dns fcintt notf t a cus oft riul r s e r d y n n ndit nt s t ufi e o iy he c ed he i naur a c r t ro t c r ess heca m a hi de e e' Ye rv. t e nd ha ace f he ha g o n ke s f ns .' age Comm onwe 1h,1 at 6 Va.App.761 76 65,433 S. 2d248, ( 993) l lghtofpettone spr i nayhe rng , 4E. 250 1 . n i ii r' elmi r ai a pr o t i i Ge r lDi t i tCour f t m i d ea r de tuc i ofpr pe t c r nd i r ral n ne a s rc t or he s em no s r ton o ry ha ge, pe ii r doe notes a i h t ta bilofpa te a sw a ne s a y f hi t t de s a t ttone s t bls ha l r i ul r s ce s r or m o m r t nd he nat e and charact oft char ur er he ges. 22 l cli s69 a 70, n am nd couns lwasa l edl i fe tve f no m o ng t m e get e leg y ne f c i or t vi o r he of e es Pe ii r d d notde crbe a va i l lbas supo w hi h c f ns . ttone i s i ld ega i n c ouns c d ha m ove t el oul ve do m e get c r s. r he ha ge l cl ms44( a 1 b) c e wa alege y i feci f notusngpr e t y n ai b) nd 02( , ounsl s l dl nef tve or i e mpor srke t chal ngeve r me be swho al ge y kne a c ucedbusne swih t ti s o le nie m r le dl w nd ond t i s t he Bur esa W rg a f notpr e v ngt i s f a a .Pe ii rha noti ntfedt ks nd i ht nd or es r i he s ue or ppe l ttone d de ii he ve r m e r who c nie mbe s ouns lal ge y s d ha snzk. e le dl houl ve t c 2. Cli sba e on ac sorom iso durngti l am sd t s i ns i ra . l cam 5 c t e wa alg dyie fciefrno o j ci gt t p o e u o ' n li 4, oms l s le e l n fe tv o t be tn o he r s c t rs o e n rmaka u o tii gaDNA t t o peiine.Peiin r le e t th j r p nig e r bo t b an n d ' n tto r t o e beiv s ha te u y hi' t c udedt tpe ii rwa pr vi usy i r e a e by t f thi DNA wasi asa e oncl ha ttone s e o l nca c r t d he ac s n tt da a nk.Howe , hepr ec ordi noti ntf t DNA d t bank a clrfe t taDNA t ba ver t os ut d de iy he aa nd a iid ha t t' d notbec imed t i pe ii rsDNA wa obt i vi abuc ls b.The Ã» 'coul hi onfr mtl ttone ' s aned a ca wa pr e ut ' c os c ors omm e r feced e de e i r nt e l t vi nc ntoduce a ti l a peii r ss ulton t tt d t ra, nd ttone ' pec a i ha he j r c nvce hm me eybe a eo tep osc t rssae n ,nse do t g e trweg to u y o itd i r l c us f h r e u o ' ttme t i ta f he rae ih f e i e c , oe n tc nsi t p eu ie v d n e d s o o tt e rj dc . u l cams7 a d8 , o ns l r alg dyi efdiefrn t b e n wh nt n li 9 n 0 e u e we e l e l n fe v o o o j dig e he e Co mmonweat s te e de movi avi ain ofj18. 1 a notr ii 1 is lh ubmitd vi nee ng olto 2-21 nd asng he sue o a p a .Th S p e Co r o Vigi ap o ryrj ce t cam be a s p tto rwa n t n p e l e u r me u t f r ni r pel ee td he li c u e eiine s o chage wihorc ce ofvi ai j18. 1 . r d t onvitd oltng 2- 21 I cli 22( a 91 peiine aguesco e wa i f ci f no obeci t n ams b) nd , tto r r uns l s nefe tve or t j tng o hea s t tm ony aboutt l s ,t t ea e ng phone m e s ge , a t va ue oft da a d r ay es i he ea e he hr t ni s a s nd he l he m ge 23 pr pe t W rghtsa Bu ks J .st tmoni swer nothea s y bec us t y we epa te t o ry. i ' nd r , r' esi e e ra a e he r ri s o t s me f m l as pe ii ne sgne W rghts g d t l as wih pe ii r W rghtlse t he a or e e tto r i d, i i ne he e e t ttone , i it ned o t t ea e ng phonem es a ,a W rg c dt tf a he hr t ni s ges nd i ht oul esiy boutt da a t hi pr ry. he m ges o s ope t Thet e t ni phonemes age wer notus d t pr pe ii rwoul kilW rg bu t t hr a e ng s s e e o ove ttone d l i ht t ha pe ii rhad lf t mes ag on W rg ' a we i ma hi Alo,W rghtconc edt tt ttone e t he s es i hts ns rng c ne. s i ed ha he da ag t t e l s t n $1, The ef r pe ii rdi note t bls et rdefc e m es o ald e s ha 000. r o e, ttone d sa ih ihe ii nt p roma eo p eu ie e f r nc r rj d c . I cai 1 c ms lwasal ge y i fe tve f notvi o l c os e m i ng n l m 00, ot e le dl ne f c i or gor usy r s xa ni W rghtbe a e c i c us ouns l s fr had pr vi usy be n a r le t t tus ee f W r ghtspr ry. e ' im e o l e ea s a e r t or i ' ope t Pe ii rf t ra l st tc ms lha apot nta confi tofi e es a beng ane g ttone urhe lege ha ot e d e il lc nt r t s i i hbort o t pr e ut . Alho h peii rs c a edt tt s f ct c tt edpotnta co lc sof he os c or t ug ttone pe ult ha he e a s onsiut e i l ntit i e es, di nota lge a a t lc lc ofi e e t Se M ike v.Ta or 535 U. 1 nt r t he d le ny c ua onfit ntr s. e c ns yl , S. 62, 1 2( 0 2 (e o nzn t ed sicinb t e a a ta c nfit h taf ce c u s ls 7 2 0 ) r c g iig h itn to ewe n n cu l o lc t a fe td o n e' p ro ma c a apoe ta, rl t e rtc l o fit.F temo e t rc r rv as ef r n e nd tn ilmeey h o eia c n l ) urh r r,he e o d e e l c c ouns vi ousy c os e m i d W rghta t tc el gor l r s xn ne i nd ha ouns la t pr ec orlved i t s me e nd he os ut i n he n r i ta m-abutwe enotne g esden i l e r i hbor . s I c a m 50,c n li ouns w a a l ge y i f e i f nots el s le dl ne f ctve or ubpoe i t pr i i r na ng he elm na y he rng r c d t i a Bur ,J .a a i e or o mpe ch ks r boutt c i . Subpoe ng t he rngta c i wa he rmes nai he a i r ns rpt s notnec s r f i pe hm e , nd Bur , r ad it d on c os e m i to t thi m em or es a y or m ac nt a ks J . m te r s xa na i n ha s y wasnots r on m a de a l . ha p ny t is l c a m s92 a 93,c n li nd ouns w a a l dl i f e tve f notf l ques i ng Ca ai el s lege y ne f c i or uly toni pt n D os a s boutpe ii r s s a e e s Pe ii ttone ' t t m nt . ttonera guest tco elc d ha i pe c Ca a n r ha uns oul ve m a hed pt i Dos whe Ca a n Dos s i peii ne wasve y t oope ai a t tc s n pti s ad tto r r mc r tve nd ha ouns ls d ha e houl ve o j ce wh nCa ti Do sd se r sn e 'p t in rssae ns Ho v r Ca ti Dos b e td e p an s t rp e e td' ei o e ' ttme t. we e, p an s mi t di no t s iy t tpe ii r wasuncoo r tve,a c d t e tf ha ttone pe a i nd ouns lc os e e r s xmni d Ca a n D os a ne pt i s bout pe ii r ss a e e s pt i Dos t tf e t the di nota k pe ii ne whe he he had bl d ttone ' t t m nt .Ca a n s es ii d ha d s tt o r t r e i i e t ta lrbe or t l kswe ec nge butr t rtid t dic r whehe pe ii rha nsd he r ie f e he oc r ha d a he re o s e n t r ttone d be i t taie a t t l kshadbee c nge Ca a n Dos t tfe t tpe ii nert d en n he r lr fer he oc n ha d. pti s esiid ha tto ol hi t thedi notgo i t tal rbec us t l m ha d n he r ie a e he ockshad be n cha e ngedand t hehad no ne hat ed t e e t tal roncehe s w t o h t wi o nt r he r ie a hr ug he ndow t thi pr ry wasm isng. ha s ope t si I cams1 ( )a d45b , tto ralg sc u e wa i ef ci f rn to j cigt n li 8 b n () peiine le e o ns l s n fe t o o b e tn o ve t Comm o he nweat r l ng on t ta f r e i e docrne1 The Comm o 1h eyi he r nse r d-nt nt ti . 1 nweat di notr l lh d ey o teta fre -n e td crn , ndc u s l a noba i t ma et so j cin. n h rnser d itn o ti e a o n e h d ss o k hi b e to l c am 61 c n li , ouns wa al ge y i f tvef notm ovi f adie t d ver c f el s le dl nefeci or ng or r c e dit or i ufi e e de et tt s pe s n who da a d t tal a s damag t we lhous ns fcint vi nc ha he ame r o m ge he r ier lo ed he l e a t s m etme. Ther or howe r e t bls d t wel wasda a d bewee whe Bur , t he a i ec d, ve , sa ihe he l m ge t n n ks J .lf t pr ry on Sa tr y a a rved on Sunda a t e de t tpe ii rda a d r e t he ope t tlda nd ri y, nd he vi nce ha ttone m ge t etalrd rngt esmetmewa s fkin t alw tej r t d tr n p tto e' g l. h rie u i h a i s u t e t o lo h u y o eemie eii n rs ui t I c am s5 a 7,pe ii ne a g sc n li nd tto r r ue ouns lr nde e i fe tve a ssa by nota gui e e r d ne f c i s it nce r ng t a t eu lwf l eane j g n wa voda i toa db n t vigt srk t e i e c h t h n a u d ti r ud me t s i b ni n y o mo n o tie he v d n e i o p tto e ' e ito f eiin rs vcin.Peiin rf i dt p o et a t ecvl u g n f ru lwf d tie tto e al o r v h t h i ij d me t o n a ul ean r e wa voi Furher e,pe ii rsa gumenta ti lwa t thedi no co m i t ofe e , s d. t mor ttone ' r t ra s ha d t m t he f ns s 1 ' docrneofta fre i e pem isaf tfnde t ta pos adeenda ' c i i i e t ha m a 1' The ti r nser d ntnt r t ac i r o r ns e f nts rm nalntnt o r n i ende vitm t a h uni e nt d ci o noter ntnded,butha m e vitm .'Blw v. Com monw e t 52 Va. r d, ci ' o alh, App.533,541, 665 . S. 2d2 4 2 ( . . . 0 8 . E. 5 , 58 Va Ct App 2 0 ) 25 a t ,whehe peii ne wa pr vi usy e cedwasnotr lva t t tde e e. nd hus t r tto r s e o l vit ee nt o ha f ns 12 l c ai 47, ttone a gue c n lm pe ii r r s ouns w a i f ec i f notpr s ntng m edi a r cor el s ne f tve or ee i c l e ds s o n p tto e ij r dhsam t ed yb f r t ec i s Th til e o de tbih dt a h wig eiin r nu e i r h a eo e h rme . e ra r c r sa ls e h t p tto e ij r dhi am o Sau d y J ne2 t ' eiin rddn t n t g t t eh s ia eiin r nu e s r n tr a , u 4h, tto e i o wa t o o o h o ptl p b c us h h db e d ikigac h l a dp tto e ' sse te tdt ij y Bu n t tsiid e a e e a e n rn n lo o ; n eiin rs itr rae he nur . r et e tfe t tpe ii r a co pa e herw he s t he da t rt t hos t on Sunda f ha ttone e m ni d n he ook r ugh e o he pial y or ashma.Pe ii rdi notpr f rhos t r c dsort i n iy ofahos t lempl eet t t ttone d ofe pial e or he de tt pia oy ha co e s d ha pr en e dtrng ti lwho c d e tbls pe ii rwa te e whie uns l houl ve es t d li ra oul sa ih ttone s r atd l Bur t ' da ne t s ught rw a t ea e f a t a.3 e s r t d or s hm l l cl m 49, ttone a l gescou e w a i f ec i f notpr s ntng e d e t ti n ai pe ii r le ns l s ne f tve or e e i vi enc ha t wa i o bet a p tto rc u dtr w ahe v wo dso eit awel o s .Thejl r s mprba l h t ei ne o l h o i a y o tv no lh u e tos r s w peii ne ' sz and saur a s w pi t esoft wood sove a t y coul m a t r a tto rs i e t t e nd a cur he t , nd he d ke hei own c usons Furhe m or ,c oncl i . t r e ouns a g i s el r ued n umm ai t tno physc le de eted ton ha i a vi nc i pe ii rt t sove a we lhous a t tane g rpr vi l vanda iedt wood sove. ttone o he t nd l e nd ha i hbo e ousy lz he t l c am 53,c n li ouns wa al ge y i f tvef no pr s ntng e de e how W rght el s le dl nefec i or t e e i vi nc i a Bm ks J .( oke it ' heta lra ' t e'$1 000 worh ofm ope t peii xl ti t nd ,< t br n o'1 < ie nd t ol' 2, s t ry ttone ef n he ta lrafe hi eviton. Howe r Bunwt t tted a r ie tr s c i ve , t esii boutt Csoln'pr ry,a pe ii r he kt e ' ope t nd ttone di note ai how c d xpl n umultveevi ncewoul ha i pa d t ti l Furher e,twa ai de d ve m de he ra . t mor i s sr egi aly r s bl t no dw e lon t va ue oft ts ol n'pr pe t t bol t rpe ii r s tat c l ea ona e o t l he l he tt e ' o r y o s e ttone ' i t ntt r t la e a de t oy pr r y ofe lw orh. n e o e a i t nd s r ope t qua t : Ima notconsde peiine ' a t hme si s 2 y i r tto rs tac nt n uppor ofcai 5 a 7t twe enotpr ry fld wih t t l ms nd ha r ope l ie t he Supr Cour ofVigi a. Pi ol t r 1 S. . 1 eme t r ni nh s e , 31 Ct at 399. 1 Ima notc i rpeii r' a tchme si s r ofcl m 47t twer notpr ry fld wiht Supr me 3 y onsde ttone s ta nt n uppo t ai ha e ope l ie t he e Cour ofVigi a.I t r ni d. - 26 I cams8 a 8 , o n e wa alg d yi ef ci ef rn t b e tn t o p e e tn n li 6 nd 7 c u s l s le e l n fe tv o o o j cig o r rs ni g e de e a vi nc boutt va ue oft da a . The Supr m e Cour ofV igi a pr r y he d t tt he l he m ges e t r ni ope l l ha he e d e ofdamage wass tcen unde Vigi a lw t pr vepe ii ne ' i e t c vi enc s ufi i t r r ni a o o tto rs nt nt o omm i t f l desr ton ofpr r y a t tno m one ar va ue w a ne es a y t pr a m i de e no e ony t uc i ope t nd ha t y l s c s r o ove s m a r de t c i ofpr ry c ge.Furher e,c sm ton ope t har t mor ouns lt r hl c os e m i W rghta e ho oug y r s xa ned i bout t a ot tofda age W r g cl i e t ha i ur e he m m m s i ht a m d o ve nc r d. l c am s88 a 89,c n li nd ouns wa al ge y i feci f no c le ngt DN A el s le dl ne f tve or t ha lngi he e de er cove e fom t bucc ls bs Ther co d esa ihest tt s bswe eobt i d vi nc e r d r he a wa . e r t bls ha he wa r ane vi a wa r nt t s mpl we enotat r a t 1b r e ve t s mplsi ac or nc wih a r a , he n es r le ed, nd he a ec i d he a e n c da e t no ma pr ed e . Pe ii r l oc ur s ttonerdi notpr f avald l ga ba i upo whi h cot elc d d ofer i e l ss n c ms oul ob e t a nonei a r ntfom t r c d. j c, nd s ppa e r he e or l cl m 90, uns w asa l gedl i f c i f notbrng ng t t a t nton oft n ai co el le y nef e tve or i i o he te i he cic tc tt tW rg ' t tmony i id t tW rghthad s n t da a st t tal ra r ui our ha i hts esi mple ha i ee he m ge o he r ie nd di no r po ti be or Bur ,J .Ther co dr ve st tt salege dic e nc i t tmoni s d t e r t f e ks r e r e al ha hi l d s r pa y n esi e wa ar dy be or t ti co q a pettone di notadd e sho t a lgeddic e nc s lea f e he ral ur nd ii r d r s w he le s r pa y a boutt tm i oft polc r he i ng he i e epor nega ed e de e t tpe ii t t vi nc ha ttonerc m it d sa ut y om te t t or bur ar gl y. l o am 46,peii ra g couns lwa i f c i f nots n li ttone r ues e s nefe tve or ubpoe i Bur ,J .s na ng ks r' pa e sa gilre t i ac Bm ks J .st si o a utwhe he a pe ii ra rve a r nt nd rfind o mpe h , r' e tm ny bo n nd ttone ri d t t tal r Pe ii ne di no pr f rwha t tmony t pa e sa gilrend woul pr de he r ie . tto r d t ofe t esi he r nt nd rfi d ovi t tha ar s bl pr biiy ofpr i af vo a ever c . ha d ea ona e oba lt oducng a r bl dit 27 l cai s51a 52,c n lm nd ouns wasal ge y i feci f no s el le dl ne f tve or t ubpoe i De y W ood nang put and Deput W i e. Pe ii rdi no pr f raf i t f om t D e i st ve iy t ralege y s ttone d t of e fdavis r he pute o r f hei l d pr pec i t s i oni ,a f t r t pr f r d t tm o ast t e de i s w o d not os tve e tm es nd ur he , he of e e es i ny o hes pute ul c e t ar a ona epr r a e e s bl obabiiy ofpr i af vo a e ve dit lt oduc ng a r bl r c . I cai 55,c ms lwasale dl i fe tve f rnots n lm ot e l ge y ne f c i o ubpoe ng a at ne a nai n tor y t Lyne hbur Le lAi a g ga d boutc m t i tonst a t ne ha wih W r gh , ood,a Bur t . om m ca i he tor y d t i tW nd ne t Pe ii rdi notpr f r a a t da tf om t a t ne a ttone d of e n fi vi r he tor y boutt a t ne spur t d t tm ony. he tor y' por e es i Furhe ,s h t s i o woul be i dm i sbl he s t r uc e tm ny d na s i e ar ay. l cl m 57, n ai couns wasa l edl i f c i f no s poe i pr e ut sa el leg y nefe tve or t ub na ng os c or nd doc e sfo t Of ie oft Co monwe t sAtor y a um nt r m he fc he m alh' t ne boutBur t' a t mptt fl nets te o ie c ge a ns W r gh a Bur ,J .f ts e i ' ttone and Btr t ' pr ry. Pe ii r har s gai t i t nd ks r or tt alng' pe ii r tne t s ope t ttone b le e t eCo n at k w t eu lwf l eane j d me t sv i a dd cie t eiv s h mmo we l ne h n a u d ti r u g n wa od n e l d o h n p o e u eW rg t n Bu k , rt c v ru tevodj d me t Peiin rd dno p o fr r s c t ih a d r s J.o o e p h i u g n . tto e i t r fe e i e c t s pp r h scam t a t eu lwfld tie j d me twa v i o t a t ewrto v d n e o u o t i li h t h n a u ean r u g n s od r h t h i f pos e so wasnotpr ry e cut a hef l d t des rbeavai l lbassupon whi h s sin ope l xe ed, nd aie o c i ld ega i c c ouns lc d s e oul ubpoe w ine s and r co dsf om t O fk e oft Com m onwea t s Ato e na t s es e r r he t he lh' t nz y O f ce. fi I cai 58,c n lm ouns lwasal dl i fe i f nots e lege y ne f ctve or ubpoe i M r a M r .Bur , nang . nd s ks Sr t quesi t m a .o ton he boutt i i talbe ift tBur ,J .c he r nii le ha ks r omm it d t ofe es Pl ntf di te he f ns . ai if d notpr f ra a fda tfom M r orM r . ks Sr. s rbi how t y woul t tf t tt y ofe n fi vi r . s Bur , de c i ng he d esiy ha he i plcat t rson ofbr ng i o and dam age hi ow n, ne l cl a d t a l ri t d of m i ed hei eaki nt s w y- e ne r ie ns ea pettoner. ii 28 l cli 59,c n am ouns wa a lge y i f c i f no s el s le dl nefe tve or t ubpoe i Ra a Dal na ng y nd e Br nham ,w ho lve i t t a l rbef e pe ii r A lhoug pe ii rpr vi t afi vi of a i d n he r ie or ttone . t h ttone o ded he tda t Ra Br nhn i sa ehabe pr e ngs t tal rsco ton whe pe ii rm o d i o i y a m n tt as oce di , he r ie ' ndii n ttone ve nt t wa notc ii lt whehe pe ii rc mit saut y bur a y afe t Bur esc e ne i. s rtca o t r ttone om ted t t or glr tr he ks l a d t l c am 94,c n li ouns wa a lge y i f c i f no a gui t tt woman Bt ks J . el s le dl nefe tve or t r ng ha he l ,r r b o g t otetalrwa agrfin a dno hswie whc c usdt ej r t b s mpah tc r u h t h rie s ilre d n t i f , ih a e h u y o e y tei t Bur ,J . Pd ii o ks r tonerf ie t s t n i t ho t s a e en unde m i t e de e t t a l d o ubs a t a e w he t t m t r ned he vi ne ha pe ii ne br i o t taie a de toye pr ry a trt Bur escl ne i a cha tto r oke nt he r l r nd sr d ope t fe he ks ea d t nd nged t l ks he oc . I c a m 95,c m s w a a l gedl i f c i f nota gui t ta whie buc tdi no n li ol el s le y nef e tve or r ng ha t ke d t ha bl s a t r d on i a t ve ood pl te e t lhough e yt ng e s a o i di Pettone di notes a i h ver hi l e r und t d. ii r d t bls how a buc tt tBur ,J .w o d ha us d t c e n t taierunde m i d evi nce t t ke ha ks r ul ve e o l a he r l r ne de ha peii ne ' bl wa f tto rs ood s ound t oughoutt dmna d tal r hr he ge r ie , l c a m 96,e n li ouns lw a a l ge y i f edi f nota gui l c Ewhe ve e s le dl ne f ve or r ng a hes s ne r a i a e. Howe r t Supr me Cou tofVigi aa r a g a edt scli ast t pplc bl ' ' ve , he e r r ni le dy r nt hi am o he m ideme no c ci a l c wasnota i a et t f o c r . s a r onvi ton, nd a hes pplc bl o he elny ha ge l c a m 56,c n li ouns lw a a l ge y i f tve f note ur ng t tt Cicui Cour e s le dl nefec i or ns i ha he r t t is e a aii u yisr cin.P tto e d dn tp o frt teS p e Co l o Vign ate su d n lb j r n tu to eiin r i o r fe o h u rme u' f r ii h t i t u ton hebei vest Cicui Co ts d ha is . 1 Fu temo e tj j r j r nsr c i le he r t ur houl ve s ued 4 rh r r,je u y wa d , e ie ea u p tto e ' aii a dt Cie tCo r p o ryi tu t dt ej r a u t e vd nc bo t eiin rs lb , n he rui u t r pel nsr ce h u y bo t h Com m onw ealh' bm den ofper t s suasi f each el entoft char on or em he ges. 1Al ug p tin rfldac p of nai j y isrcinwih u rfrn igii cam 5 , ma n t o sd r 4 t h eio e i ho t e o y a l ul n tuto to teee cn tn li 6 I y o c n ie bi a e bi t twasnotpr s nt t t Supr m eCou tofVigni . Ln xhi t ha e e ed o he e r ri a d . 29 Cl i s ba e on ac sor o i s ons a t rt i . am sd t m si fe ral l cam 97 c u s l salg dyi fe tv f rn t b e tn d rngt es n e cn n li , o n e wa l e l nefcie o o o j cig u i h e tn i g e he rng a a i boutt a e eoft pr ton ofi e who pr par d t pr e e e r por. he bs nc he oba i fc r e e he es nt nc e t Pe ii rdi no alegewha i or ai t ofk e wo d ha pr vi d ha s at ndedt ttone d t l t nf m ton he t r ul ve o de d he te he s nt nc ng he rng orhow t i or ai n ha ar s bl pr biiy ofaf vor bl o c e e e i ai he nf m to d ea ona e oba lt a a e ut om . l cai 99, n lm couns wasa l dl i f c i f flng apos- onviton m o i f el lege y nefe tve or ii tc c i ton or j d me tn t t tn i t evedc wi o tc n ern wihp tto e .A p s- o vito u g n owi a dng h r it t u o fri g t eiin r o tc n cin hs h moi nc aln i t evedc Ã»sn ta itg a p l o t es se f rfn l a j dc tn te to h le gng h r it d o n n e r l a4 f h y tm o ial du iaig h i y guitori enc ofade e nt' a t , ttone had no rghtt c m s lon t moton. l nnoc e f nda , nd hus pe ii r ' i o ot e he i Evit v. e 469U. 38 3 ( 985) Furhemor peii rdi note anhow t ts Luc v, S. 7, 93 1 . t r e, ttone d xpli he m o i n wasfi ousorhow c uli wih pe ii rwoul ha c to rvol ons tng t ttone d ve hange t out d he comeoft he ti l ra . l c a m 60,c n li ouns w a a l gedl i f c i f notm ovi f r a m it i ort s ta i el s le y nef e tve or ng o s ral o e s de t ve ditbec us t pr e e er por i c t d t tBtr ,J .f le yt tfe a t tt he r c a e he es nt nc e t ndia e ha lks r as l esiid nd ha he Com m onw e 1h w ilhe d exc pa o y evi nc H oweve ,co e t oug y c os e m i a t tz l ul t r de e. r uns l hor hl r s xa ned Bur ,J .who ad it t thedi no r cals cii tm esbe us heneve we sa wa c ks r, m ted ha d t e l pe fc i ca e r ar t h, a pe ii rdi notesa ih t ta i nsse y i t pr en e r po tc tt e nd ttone d t bls ha ny nco it nc n he es t nce e r onsiut d e pa or e de e. xcul t y vi nc I c a m s 1 a 1 pe ii ralege c n li 5 nd 6, ttone l s ouns lwe e i f e tve f no s e ng pos e r ne f c i or t e ki t v r itrle b c us o t eÃ»le a'v r it P tto e ddn t sa ls t a t ej y svedc e dc eif e a e f h c lg l e de . eiin r i o e tbih h t h ur ' r it i ' wasil l a c lega , nd ouns la enotdek intf nota gui a fi o m o i Furhem or , a e r t e or r ng rvol us ton. t r e motont stasdet vedit'sno a i egalpa toft s tm f fnaly a j c tngt i o e i he r c d t n nt r r he yse or i l dudiai he i guitori l nnoce eofade e nt' a t ,pe ii rdi no ha arghtt co elt fl t t nc f nda ,' nd hus ttone d t ve i o uns o ie ha m oi l ton. d. l cli s76,77,a 78,c n am nd ouns lwasa l dl i fe tve f rno movi t i lda e e lege y ne f c i o t ng o nvai t t c cinsbe a et Co nweat pr ve avi ai ofVigi aCo j 1 2- 21 he onvito c us he mmo 1h o d olton r ni de 8. 1 , 1 ntrngpr ry ofa t rf pur eofda gi i,ec.'5i ta ofj18. 1 , t ei ope t nohe or pos E ma ng t t ,1 nse d ' 2- 37 de tu on ofpr pe t Couns ha noba i t makes h am o i n bee et i c me wa sr di o ry. el d ss o uc to aus he ndit nt s vai t i cme di notcha g avi ai j 1 2- 21 a t e de epr dpeii r ld,he ndit nt d r e olton 8. 1 , nd he vi nc ove ttone c m it s a ut y bur ar w ih t i e t c m i f ony pr r y da a om ted t t or gl y t he nt nt o om t el ope t m ge. I c a m 71 c m s w a a l ged y i f c i f notm ovi t di m i st i c m e or n li , ot el s le l nef e tve or ng o s s he ndi t nt t v c t tej d me td t a alg dvainc b t e t c a g sa dp o f Ho v r o a ae h u g n ue o n le e ra e ewe n he h r e n r o . we e , t r wa no va i ncebe wee t c r a t pr ,a co e c d notbei f tvef he e s ra t n he ha ge nd he oof nd uns l oul nefec i or flng a f i ous m oton. ii rvol i l c a m s66,67,a 68, n li nd couns w a a l ge y i f ec i f notc le ng t el s le dl ne f tve or ha l ngi he c ci a vi ai do ej opadya Vigi aCodej1 2- a j1 2- Doubl onvitons s oltng ubl e r nd r ni 9. 294 nd 9. 285. e j o r ywa no i lc tdb c u et ec r e h dd fe e tee n s j 1 .- 9 ddn t e pad s t mpiae e a s h hag s a ifrn lme t; 92 2 4 i o a ysnc bot c ci oc uredi asngl til a j1 2- di nota y snc ppl i e h onvitons c r n i e ra; nd 9. 285 d ppl i e pe ii ne wa notr ti a trapa talac ta . tto r s e red fe ri quit l 1 Vi i aCo ej1 .-21r a s 5 r ni d 82 1 e d : l s lbeunlwf f anype s t e ert l dwelng,ouho eoranyot rbuidi ofa t rf t t hal a ul or ron o nt he and, li t us he l ng no he or he pu pos ofda a ng s h pr ryorany oft co ent t r ofori a m a rt i ere cw iht rgh sof r e m gi uc ope t he nt s he e n ny nne o nt fr t he i t t owne ,us ort oc pa t eoft us s hpr ry fe fom i e fr nc he r er he cu nt her o e uc ope t r e r ntre e e. Any pe s vi a i t pr s onsoft ss c i s l be g ly ofa Cl s l m idem e nor Howeve ,i a r on ol tng he ovi i hi e ton ha l uit as s a . r f pes i en i ly s ecst pr ry e e e bec us oft r e, elgi co cto c orornai l ron nt tonal el t he ope t ntr d a e he ac r i ous nvi in, ol tona orgi oft owne ,us roroc ntoft pr ry,t pe s s lbeguit ofa Cl s6 fl a t i n he r e cupa he ope t he r on hal ly as eony, nd he pe lyuponco cin s li l atr ofc nat nvito hal ncude e m onhnementofa las sx mo hs 30da ofwhih s l bea t e t i nt , ys c hal m a t y m i m um tr ofc i m ent ndaol ni em onfne . I cli 98, uns wa a lgedl i f c i f no a n am co el s le y nefe tve or t ppea i alis st tha bee lng l s ue ha d n pr e v f a es r ed or ppea . The s l c i ofi s t a e s o a ali l tt t di c e i n of l e e ton s ues o ddr s n ppe s ef o he s r to a la e c ppe l t ouns l who doe notnee t a e seve y pos i e i s on a al J e, s d o ddr s r s bl s ue ppe . onesv. r s Ba ne , 463U. 745,75152( 983 ,Peii rf l t i ntf a omitda lt is t tha a S. - 1 ) ttone ais o de iy n te ppelae sue ha d r s na epr biiy ofs ti asdet c c i n ors nt ncef saut y bur a y. ea o bl oba lt etng i he onvito e e or t t or gl r Pe ii r b oa y a gue i cl i 1 t a pr dur lde aul i a r s tofi f ec i ttone r dl r s n a m hat ny oce a f t s e ul ne f tve as itnc o c ssa e f ouns la t tc ms lwe ei f di t alow a si a i a uta i s e nd ha ot e r nefe ve o l ny tpulton bo ny s ue t tafe t d pe ii rsrg s Peii rdi notm or a tr t l des rbe wha het ha f c e ttone ' i ht . ttone d e ccza ey c i t hought c nsi tdd t e t e f r n ea dfie t e tb ihp eudc .F rhemo e asiulto i o tt e ekin p ro ma c n ald o sa ls rj ie u t r r , t ain s u p co i r t bepar oftilsr t gy a t c i a i worhy ofde e enc SeeStiklnd, nsde ed o t ra ta e nd a tcs nd s t f r e. rc a 466 U. a 689;Se o v.Frnch,1 F. 874,885( h Ci.1 (t cii t tmaybemade S. t xtn e 36 3d 4t r 999) d sons ha De w iho t de e nt s co e prm mi y i ve ti lsr t y a t c i ,s h a w ha t ut he f nda ' ns nt i l nvol r a ta eg nd a tcs uc s t e i e c s ul b i tod e , a siu ainss o l b ma e wha o j cin s o db v d n e ho d e nr uc d wh t tp lto h ud e d , t b e to s h ul e ried,a wha pr-ra motonss dbef1d.)(nena quotto maksomitd) as nd t etil i houl ie ' itr l ain r ' te . l cli 1 c n am 03, ouns wasa lge y i fe tve f aloft cli i t pe ii Fo el le dl ne f c i or l he a ms n he tton. r t r as ar a sa ed,peii rdi notde c i avi bl i feci as it nc ofc he e ons le dy tt ttone d s rbe a e ne f tve ssa e ouns l e c am ,a t , ttonerc nno s c d wih ac am t tc l c i e r svi ae t Si h l i nd hus pe ii a t uc ee t l i ha ole tve r or ol td he xt Am endm ent . B. SUFFI ENCY OF THE EVI CI DENCE CLAI S M l c am s 11a 1 pe ii ra gue t thewa unl uly co c e be us t n li nd 2, ttone r s ha s awf l nvit d ca e he m i de e norpr s m a opery da age t W r g ' pr r y w a t i pr r i ple i e t com m i a t m o i ht s ope t s he m ope m i d nt nt o t f ony f br ng and ent i Bur ,Jr.s dweli Pettonerpresent t s ar entt t el or eaki erng ks ' lng. ii ed hi gum o he 32 S p e Co r o Vigni o drc a p a a trt eCo r o Ap e l rj ce i o temeis u r me u t f r i a n ie t p e l fe h u t f p as ee td t n h rt. SeeY1t 5 1U. a 803( di t taf erlcour ca rl o aras ne saec t s, 0 S. t hol ng ha ed a t n ey n e o d tt our j d me t e tn p i rl o f d rl1w whe ltru x lie saec u t r r u h dta u g n r si g rmaiy n e ea a n ae ne p an d tt o r o des p ol h t j d me t.TheCo r o Ap e l rj ce t cam b c u eter c r e tb ih dp tto e u g n) u t f p as ee td he li e a s h e o d sa ls e ei n r i br kei o t ta lrwih t i entt c o nt he r ie t he nt o omm i pr ry da a worh $1000 ormor t ope t m ge t , e. Pe ii r sm ia l ar ttone i l ry guesi c a m 1 t tno hi e t bls d t nec s a y i e t s n l i 24 ha t ng s a i he he e s r nt nt o uppo t r t sa ut y bur l r c c i oncet m ide e norco di wasvae t l he t t or g a y onviton he s m a nvi on aeda6 Any r t o lt i roff c c d ha f a i na re a t oul ve ound beyo a r as bl do tt tpe ii r nd e ona e ub ha ttone comm it d sa ut r bur a y wih t r quiiei e .1 To pr pettone c te tt o y glr t he e st nt nt 7 te tt or ove ii r omm il d sa ut y bur ay i vi ai ofVigi aCodej 1 2- ,t Co glr n olton r ni 8. 91 he mmonweat nee t pr beyonda 1h ded o ove r a ona e doubtt tpe ii rbr i o at a l rus d as a dw e lng ofhum a ha t ton w ih e s bl ha ttone oke nt r ie e li n bia i t t ie tc he ntnt o ommi da get pr ryworh$1000ormor SeeVA. t ma o ope t t , e. CODEj 1 2- 37 8. 1 ( s i ngflnypr pe t d t ci . decrbi eo o ry esnzton) Pe ii r sbl wm r over d i i et ta he tal ra trt Bur e ar dy ttone ' ood s ec e nsd he r s d r ie fe he ks s lea l wf l oc upi d ml c e ne i,a t da a uly c e d l a d t nd he mage we e va ue a $799. The f tpe ii nerdi s r l d t ac tto d notc e $1000 wo t ofda ag doesno ne t t i e hepos es e whe he e e e t aus , rh m es t ga e he nt nt s sd n nt r d he d lng.t-l s cfci e wihwhiha l a ule r i mademaybei er dfom t weli tfhe pe ii ntnt t c n mlwf nty s g nf re r he s unoundi f c sand c r t t nc . Vi e v.Com m o ng a t i c uns a es' nc nt ' nwea t 276 V a 648,653,668 S. 2d 1h, . E. 137,1 ( 40 2008) Peii ha bee drnki acoholwa a ya utbei e ceda . ttoner d n i ng l , s ngr bo ng vit nd 1 The por i ofc ai 1 t tduplca esuntm e y cl i s l t ough 1 i pr edu aly de auled asdes i 6 ton l m 24 ha i t i l a m 05 hr 07 s oc r l f t crbed i pa t11 n r 1. 1 The due pr e s c a e oft Fou e h Am endm e pr e t a sat cour de e ntfom c c i ( ce 7 oc s l us he rtent nt ot c s t e t f nda r onvi ton Ã» pt ex u n pr be po oof yond ar s bl dou ofe r fc ne s r t c tt et c i w ih whih hei chaged.' I ea ona e bt ve y a t cesa y o onsiut he rme t c s r 'n r W is i, 9 U. 3 , 6 (9 0 . e n hp 3 7 S. 58 3 4 1 7 ) 33 ha ngpe s lpr pe t C t e 'i e d t sgni n l da vi r ona o ry l ol n,' ntnde o i sca ty maget pr ry fo whih he s he ope t r m c wa e ced,a l f t e t ni mes a f W rghtwhe he da a d W rghtspr ry. s vit nd e t hr a e ng s ges or i n m ge i ' ope t W rghta Bur ,J .e ai t tt y s w ta h a de i e r he ewih da a t t i nd ks r xpl ned ha he a r s nd brs ve m r t m ges o he door ,t wals t we la we lhous t r fi r t ,a t c r t Ac di y, tto r s he l , he l nd l e,he e rge a or nd he a pe . cor ngl peii ne f ist esa ih t tt e de e wasi ufi i tt s t n t saut y bur ar c c i al o t bls ha he vi nc ns fcen o usai he t t or gl y onviton. V. Fort f eg ng r as , deny pe ii ne ' m oton t n e hi r pons and m oton he or oi e ons 1 tt o r s i o m nd s es e i f rpr o oduc i ofdoc l e s gr ntr s ton tm nt , a e ponde ' m oto t di m i s di m i st a e nt s i n o s s , s s he m nded petton ii f a w rtofha a c pus and de pe ii r sm otonsf r c i r ton. Ba e upon m y or i be s or , ny ttone ' i or e ons de a i sd tndi t pe ii rha no m a t r qui ie s t ntals i ng hat ttone s t de he e s t ubs a i howi ofa de a ofa ng ni l c tt i lrghta r quiedby 28U. C.j2253( ,ac riiaeofa aa lt i de ed. onsiutona i s e r S. c) e tfc t ppe lbiiy s ni The Cl r i diec e t s nd a c py oft sM e or ndum Opi on a t ac om pa ng e k s r td o e o hi m a ni nd he c nyi Or rt t pa tes de o he r i . ENTER: hs J Gdyo- rh2 1. T i vf a t c,03 Ma Nx ' Se ' U nle St t D it i tJ or t d a es s r c udge 34

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