Hartman v. Retailers & Manufacturers Distribution Marking Service, Inc. et al, No. 7:2012cv00199 - Document 117 (W.D. Va. 2013)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 3/8/13. (ssm)

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clER!' oFFl U. , sT. - <s cE s DI COURT AT chu u n zsvl , i ovA yl uEo J ; I THEUNI STATESDITRI COURT N TED S CT FO R TH E W ESTERN D I STRI OF V I I I CT RG N A R OAN OK E D I I ON V SI MA2 23 2 t lt uly q : Y: . u uE uER v, W L BETTY HA RTM AN , Ci lAc i No.7:2- v- 99 vi ton 1 c 001 Pl ntf , ai i f M EM ORANPVM O PI ON NI RETAI LERS & M ANUFACTUERS DI STRI BUTI M A RK I G SERV I I C. ON N CE, N , By: Gl n E.Con a e zd ChifUnie Stt sDititJ e t d a e src udge ET AL. De enda s f nt . Thi c e i be or t c ton t def ndmzs m oto t dimis Fo t r as s as s f e he our he e t ' i ns o s s . r he e ons e ai d bel t cour wilde i pa ta g a ti pa tt motonsfl by Cos e i xpl ne ow, he t l ny n r nd r n n r he i ied m tc Es enc ,l a Re a lr & M a a t e sDiti i M a ki Se v c I ,a wilgr nt s e nc. nd t ie s nuf c ur r srbuton r ng r i e, nc nd l a Sunst t Se ur t LLC ' m oton i is e ie y. a es c iy S i n t ntr t FactualBackzround Thi ci ls ta i e f o a vi e s xualas a tt toc ur ed i t pa ki l tout i s vi ui r s s r m ol nt e s ul ha c r n he r ng o s de t vitm ' a he a tc ' s r plceofe pl he c i s nd r ta kers ha ed a m oyme . Thepli tf , ty Ha t n, nt a n if Be t rma was a s ule by N a ha e M a tn a t rl a ng w or oneni . Ea h w ase pl d by c s a td t ni l ri fe e vi k ght c m oye o- d fnd n sCo mei Ese c ,n . C ' a dRealr & M a u a t rr Ditiu inM akng ee a t s tc s n e l c (CEI' n ti s d ) e n fcu es srb to r i Ser ce l (ç ' . vi , nc.$ R&M ' ) CElow ns a cos etc m anuf c urng pl nti Roa ke CEla R& M wer pm i t a m i at i a n no . nd e es o l r a e e unde w hi R& M pr vi d s af i a t f iiy. The ag ee e tr qui e abo gr em nt r ch o de t fng t he ac lt r m n e rd R& M t conductbackgr o ound checkson al applcant bef e pl ng any em pl l i s or aci oyeesatt he f ciiy. The a e e a s pr de t tCEla R& M s r t r s a lt gr em nt l o ovi d ha nd ha ed he e pons biiy ofe ur ng i lt ns i t tt f ciiy pr de s f wor ngen r ha he a lt ovi d a e ki vionme .I 2002,CEle t r i o as cliy nt n n e ed nt e trt a ee ntwih Su at LLC Cç aes',whee Sunsttswoul prwi scurt f rt gr me t nst es sunstt ' l rby ae d t de e iy o he f iiy,i l ng t pa ki l .The pl ntf alege t tSunst t ace a t be tof ac lt ncudi he r ng ot ai if l s ha aes td t he hes R& M a CEI a t tt e t o c pa e ha c r ove how Sunst t c r i ou is nd , nd ha hos w om ni s d ont ol r a es a red t t s urt o i tons ec iy blga i . CEIhi e M a tn o Fe r r 25,201 s r l afe t pl ntf w ashi e A tt tm e, r d ri n b ua y 0, ho ty t r he ai i f r d. he i M a tn wasar gitr d s x ofe r ha ng be c ce ofaggr va e s xua bat r ofa ri e se e e f nde , vi en onvit d a t d e l te y c l unde t a of1 i Aprlof2008.Net rCE1norR&M c hid r he ge 3n i ihe onduc e aba kgr td c ound c c o M ari prort hii hi . Thepl i ifa lgest t de e nt ha a pr c ie of he k n tn i o rng m antf le hat he f nda s d a tc hii s x ofe r a ot rc ced c i i l bec us t y pr ded as c ofc a rng e f nde s nd he onvi t rm na s a e he ovi our e he p l bo . The pl i ifa s a l ge t tt def nda skne or s d ha know n t tt r w a a a r a ntf l o le s ha he e nt w houl ve ha he e s sg fca hit y ofc i ei t vi i t oft f c lt Addii l t pl i ifa lgest t i nii nt sor rm n he cniy he a iiy. tonaly, he antf le ha t pa ki 1 wa di l lta hadpoo vii lt he r ng ot s m y i nd r sbiiy.Thepli ifsaest tt s c tons antf tt ha he e ondii c e t a ongoi r s ofs xua as a ta t f ciiy t tR& M a CElkne ors ul ha r a ed n ng i k e l s ul t he a lt ha nd w ho d ve know n a bout . Prort t i de gi ngrs t t s t t pl ntf co pl i d t he foo s r s r i o he nci nt vi ie o he ui, he ai if m ane o r l r upe vio a boutM a tn m a ngvul rc me sa u a ed s xua ad nc t he . The s r s r ri ki ga om nt nd nw nt e l va es o r upe vio t d t pl ntf t hewoul t keca eoft pr em,a hewoul ty nott s he et t ol he ai if hat d a r he obl nd dr o c dul he wo t wor t t r The pl n if sa est ts us ly t i t ha f i ndses r he outt he o k oge he . ai t f t t ha he ua l red o ve r e co t r o r c ra trwor bec us ofconc r f he s f t pa tc a l a f a o M a tn. a fe k a e e ns or r a e y, riul ry e r f ri Durnghe s f on M a l1, i r hit y 2010, a tn as a t d a ba t r d t pli ifo m uli e M ri s ule nd te e he a ntf n tpl occ i by t asons ouchi he l t gh, nd g oi a ea Af e t pl i if ss f e d t tni ht ng r eg, hi a r n r . t r he a ntf hi t nde ha g , s w a t d untlM a tn cl ked o a l 4 t f ciiy s s c d a d m ee i hi i t he ie i r i oc ut nd ef he a lt o he oul voi tng m n he pa ki l . Afe he lf,s e t d t buid ngt ough adif r ntdoora pr e t he r ng ot tr e t he xie he l i hr fe e nd oce ded o r c ral a one. A ss a oac d herc r M a tn pule up a ongs de he ml e he ppr he a , ri ld l i r d ngage i a vi e , dn ol nt s xua a s tt tlsed ffee mi e . Thepl i ifr pea e y s r ame f rhep i t e l s aul ha a t st n nut s antf e t dl c e d o l n he mi e oft pa ki l , tno oneca t he ai M s Ha t a alege t tSunst t was ddl he r ng ot bu me o r d. . rm n l s ha aes s pos d t ha a las t e s mi y ofi e son st a altm e ,a or na iy had one up e o ve t e t hr e ec t fc r ie t l i s nd di rl sa i t toned i t pa ki l t Addii ly,Sunstt wa e c e t moniort f c lt vi n he r ng o . tonal a es s xpe t d o t he a iiy a cl e c r ui s v la c m e as oweve ,on t ni oft i de ,t r w e e no gua ds os d i c t ur eil nce a r .H r he ght he nci nt he e r r i t pa ki l ,a no one c m e t of e he p a a poi durng t ff e n m i t a s ul. n he r ng ot nd a o f r l t ny nt i he i t e nu e s a t The f l i da t pl ntf c le t polc t r por t a s ul,a M a tn w a olow ng y, he ai i f a l d he i e o e t he s a t nd r i s ar se Heltrpe g iy i Vign asaec u toac r eo rpewi a a i t o j c. retd. ae ld ul n r ii tt o r t hag f a t n nmae be t t h Thepl i ifat mpt d t r t . t wor awee a trt i i ntbutwasf c d t r sg antf te e o eu! o k n k fe he nc de or e o e in bec us of e otona dit es r s tng f o t i i nt a e m i l s r s e uli r m he nc de . Thepli ifalgesfvecli f r i :( )a s ul a batr agans R&M a CE1 antf le i ams or elef 1 s a t nd tey i t nd unde ar pondea s pei t or ofla lt ( ne i nthii agans R&M a CElf r es t u ror he y ibiiy; 2) glge rng i t nd or hiigM a t ; 3 n gie trtni no a u fte l y ea an t rn ri ( ) e l n ee to f n n i mp o e g is R&M a dCEIf rf ingt n g n o al o i lt a t g a trh e hbi dt rae iga i r pe b h vira an tteplitf; n ( )a e M ri o fe e x i t h e tnn nd mp o r e a o g i s h an if a d 4 n e ge r lne i ncec am a i tR&M a CElf c ea i ada r wor e r e ,a ne a glge l i ga ns nd or r tng nge ous k nvionm nt nd ( )ane i nc cam a i tSunstt f fii t f fl iss c iyoblgai ont niht 5 glge e li gans aes or alng o ulil t e urt i tons he g oft i de . Thepli tf alo s kspu tveda a sunde ea h coun . he nci nt a n if s ee nii m ge r c t 11 1. D i cuss on s i A. C ount O ne,Tw o and T hr e s , e Ea h oft de e nt hasfld as pa a em otont dim ist co ai unde t c he f nda s ie e r t i o s s he mpl nt r he t r t tt Vigi aW or rsCompenstonAc CC CA' ofest e l i rme f heo y ha he r ni ke ' ai t VW ' fr he xcusve e dy or ) * , t ep an if Th VW CA p o i e ,np r,h te o e s s l r me y frij re o d ah h litf. e r v d s i a tt a mply e oe e d o nu is r e t t ac de a ii outofa i t c s oft e oyme 's l e s unde t wo ke ' t by ci nt rsng nd n he our e he mpl nt' ha l xit r he r rs c ompe ai s me.Va. ns ton che Codej65. 30 2- 0.Thepa te a eet t i i nti t sc e ris gr hathe ncde n hi as consiut sa S ci nt't toc ur e t nt co s ofe oy e .'W he et dia ee tt e n i de ' ha c r d d he ure mpl m nt' ac i r hey s gr , howe r a t s equesi t c tne a es a t ssa i t ltga i i whehe t ve , nd he ol ton he our ed ddr s t hi t ge n he ii ton, s t r he i de a s f l unde t ta ii outo ' ong oft saut The de e nt a guet ti nci nt lo als r he drsng f pr he t t e. f nda s r ha t doe a t tt pli ifsl ws ti ba r d by t e l i t pr sonsoft VW CA. The s nd ha he a ntf a ui s re he xcusviy ovii he de e nt cai ,i e f t t tt pl ntf haspld he s fi o t ambi oft VW CA by f nda s l m n fec, ha he ai if e r el nt he t he a usng t de e n sofc e i ada r wor e r e . l s cc i he f nda t r atng nge ous k nvionm nt n uppor, hedef nda s tt e nt poitt Va.Codej65. 301 whih de l s ciialywih wor a es xua a suls Se ton n o 2- , c as pe fc l t kplc e l sa t. ci 65. 301pr vi t te pl s who a e s 2o des ha m oyee r exua l a s ule i t c s oft i e pl e ly s a t d n he our e he r m oym nt aed e dt ha es fee a ij r aiigo to t ee o me t e 'h nau eof(h ij r e me o v u fr d n nu y rsn u f h mply n wh n t e tr t er t e pl e ts t nta l i r as t rs ofs h a s ul. The def nda s a gue t tt m oym n ubs a i ly nc e es he i k uc s a t' ' e nt r ha he pl i ifhe s l ha cai e t tt naur ofhe e oyme ,by wa oft al ge neglg nc antf r e f s l m d ha he t e r mpl nt y he le d ie e andwr doi oft de e nt , nc ea e t lkelhood ofa s xua as a t Asar s t t y ong ng he f nda s i r s d he i i e l s ul. e ul,he cont nd t tt pl i ifc nno pr ee out i t V W CA . I c r s ,t pl ntf a s r st t e ha he a ntf a t oc d s de he n ont a t he ai i f s e t ha t as a twas ofa pur l pe s lna ur t tw a c pl t l unr a e t he e pl e , he s ul e y r ona t e ha s om e e y el t d o r m oym nt t e mptnghe cai fom t wor r sc hus xe i r l m r he ke ' ompe ai ba . ns ton r l t i m otonst dimi s t de e nt r y prm a iy on t eec es R&T n her i o s s , he f nda s el i rl hr as : l t nt.Lt v. ohns 228Va 249( 984) Pl nvesme s d. J , . 1 . umme v. makCommuniai ,l . , r Land r c tons nc, * Th d fn ns moin aefldp ru n t b t 1 b()a d( ()o teF d rl lso CiiP o e ue e ee da t, to s r i us a t o oh 2()l n b)6 f h e ea Rue f vl r c d r, e o i t confi i rzi wihi t Fourh Cicui. Co pa e Gr vesv.Cook, 2 U . Dit LEX I 6794 n. a w ng o lctng tlngs t n he t r t m r a 200 S. s. S 1 t *1( . Va Ap i 1 , 0 2 (n lzn wh te tewok rsc mp nainb ra pisu d rRul 1 ()6 )wi W D. . rl 7 2 0 ) a ay ig eh r h re ' o e sto a p le n e e 2b () t h M ie v W ahnco W ok lc .n .2 F. u p 2 3 4, 7 ( D. . 0 4 (nay igsmeu e Rul l r . s i tn r oa e lc, 98 S p . d 6 3 0 E. Va 2 0 ) a lzn a nd r e l 1 b( ).Re adesof c r l a l stec utst a cp a1 ftepanifsalg to sa tu a dte 2()1) g r ls whih ue ppi ,h o ri o c e t lo h lit ' le ain s r e n h e f r e ntana ys sr a nst s m e. elva l i em i he a 2 5Va 7 ( 9 8 ; n Ly c b r S e m Ba e yv. ret 1 Va 51 ( 93 ) l R&T 3 . 8 1 8 ) a d n h u g ta k r Gart, 61 . 7 1 3 . n I v sme t, ne lye wa ijze whe d o pn t t efo rd rn terbb r o ab n n e t n s a mpo e s n l d n r p ig o h l o u ig h o ey f a k r whe e s had gone t de i he e pl r sm one 228 V a. t254. The Cour f r he o pos t r m oye ' y. a t ound t t ha b c u er b ey i ars a s cae wihd l rn mo e t aba k teplitf' ij re ao e e a s o b r s ik so itd t ei ig n y o n ,h anifs nu is r s ve outofhe e oyme . I The Cour he dt tt (cai ntsr a pr s nc i abr nc r mpl nt d. t l ha he Cl ma ' egulr e e e n a h ba a e r e t ti mor pr t t vi e eofr r e nk, n nvionm nt ha s e one o he olnc obbe y, xpos d he t as cilrs e r o pe a ik ofasa t' TheCour f t re ane t tdgl ac i n a ie o oft e oyme i t e s ul.' turhe xpli d ha tan cde t rs s ut he mpl nt f her i ac u a c n e to b t e t ecama tsij r a dtec n iin u d rwhc t e s a s l o n cin ewe n h li n ' nu y n h o dto s n e ih h empl r quie t wor t beperor d. d.a 25 Clher st ne i an a s ul ca e oyer e r s he k o f me ' 'I t 2. d- equiie xus n sa t s i a i i t r i as s ppled f he e s howi t tt pr biiy o as a twa a e t d et rbe us of ng ha he oba lt f s ul s ugm n e ihe ca e t p c irc aa tro tecama ts o o b c u eo tes e iliblt t a sula s cae he e ul h r ce f h li n 'j b r e a s f h p ca l i y o sa t so itd a a i wiht envionme ti whi hemus wor ' I at253- ( ai omitd) t he r n n ch t k.' d. 54 quotton te . I Pl me , f m aene pa rde i r drve wa a s ule a s waied i apa ki n um r a e l ws pe lve y i r s s a td s he t n r ng 1 tt pik up he r ut sne pa r .Shea lge t the e oymen r gul ry r uie he t o o c r o e' ws pe s le d ha r mpl t e a l eq r d r o w a ti t di l lta da r pa ki l ,i r asng herrs ofa t ck. The Supr m e Cour i n he m y- i nd nge ous r ng ot nc e i ik ta e t o Vignah l t tt e o e ' ijlisaos o to h re ly n b c us s eh db e f r i i ed ha he mply e s n t e r e u f e mpo me t e a e h a e n r f c t w a tf a e e ed pe i oftm e a a st t tt e pl rknew w asda r , or ed o i or n xt nd r od i t ie ha he m oye nge ous ( ri ul l f w om e ' I a 86- 7. The Cour he d t tt he pl ntf a l gest tt k tc ary or pa n. d. t 8 ' t l ha û t ai i f le ha he e pl rha notc ofa da r usc ton a f ie t pr e tt em pl yee f om s h m oye d i e nge o ondii nd a l d o ot c he o r uc condii . I a 87. tons ' d. t ' Li wie i Ga r t, he Co tf ndt ta i de ar eoutoft pl ntf ' ke s , n r et t ur ou ha n nci nt os he ai ifs e pl e w he a t e pa s e er d a w or ac a s t e pl m oym nt n r s s er nt e kpl e nd hot he m oyee i t e The n he ye. e oye ha kno oft tes s rspr e f s metme,a t Cour sae t Sll mpl r d wn he r pase ' esnce or o i nd he t ttd hatçso l ast gr paseqrmai dupont pr mieswih t kn edgea ac es nc oft ong he tes s r e ne he e s t he owl nd qui ce e he f e a a m e ashewaswih apotnta l da r i t u ntlt t ha r of or m n, r d, t e ily nge ous nsr me a iy, he za ds e pl e w e e i e ed.' G a r t,1 V a 520. The Cour f m oym nt r ncr as ' r e t 61 . t ound t t s f c s hat he e a t de tae t tt e oye sij i wees fce l rlt t t pli ifse oyme monsrtd ha he mpl e' n ures r ufiinty eaed o hc antf mpl nt t e t bls la lt unde t w o ke ' c pe a i n s hem e. See a s Robe s v. he s l, o s a i h i biiy r he r r s om ns t o c lo r on W t e l 21Va. App.268,270( 995)(mpl es a hedr fom pl eofwor t emplye ' man 1 e oye hot s ove r ac ko o rs i o fc p s ad n e o ho i p oe t i ie tao efo e ly n be a eç x os r t fie a t a g rus usng rj c'ncd n r s r m mpo me t c us ç p u e o , e gunfr wa heg e byt e r nti whihhewor l; nsv.Suton,3 Va. r ie s ihtned he nvionme n c ked' Eva t 2 Ci. 343( c Rihmond Ci.Ct 1 (ncde i whihphysca t rpitwa i opel t r . 994) i i nt n c i lhea s s mpr ry ouche by d pa i n a os f o e oyme whe vitm ' s pe v s wa a r ofpai ntsa nc sbut te t r e r m mpl nt n c i s u r ior s wa e te ' dva e S ve t l sr uie pli ift co i pr vi ngte t nt t hi '. c rhees eq rd antf o ntnue o di rame s o m') ne The de enda sa g t tt f c sasa l ge i t pl i if sc pl i a ountt a f nt r ue ha he a t le d n he a ntf om a nt m o sm ia s e r o. The pl i ifhascl i e t the e pl yer 'ne i nc i hi i a i l r c na i a ntf a m d ha r m o s glge e, n r ng nd r t ni M a tn,aswela f ii t pr ry mai an as f wor pl c s t ntal i r s e ai ng ri l s alng o ope l nt i a e k a e, ubsa i ly nc ea ed t rs t tt pl ntf woul bes xualy as a t d.Ass h,t de e nt a g t tt rs he ik ha he ai if d e l s ule uc he f nda s r ue ha he ik of sa t sû so it dwi t e vr n n i wh c g eplitflmus wo k, a dt a sulwa t s cae t he n io me t n ih t anit t r ' n he a h h ' w or r sc pe a i s a u e ba sa r c r i t t R& T l t e s228 V a.a 253ke ' om ns ton t t t r ny e ove y n or . nvesm nt t 54. Bo l t isco e de e nt 'poi i t tt pl i ifs d notbe a et ha i bo h wa ; ied o t r , f nda s nt s ha he antf houl bl o ve t t ys s ca he nnotc a m t tt de e nt w e e neglge i c e tng a pl c ofe pl m e t t l i ha he f nda s r i nt n r a i ae m oy nt ha i r s d t rs s woul beas a t d,a t n a s cli t tt a s tdi nota ie fom nc ea e he ik he d s ule nd he lo am ha he s aul d rs r t na ur ofhe e pl e w ih t e s m e de e nt . he t e r m oym nt t hos a f nda s Thepli ifco e t tt de e antf nt nds ha he f ndant a ea yi an e r s r ppl ng roneoust t nta rs 'es t e il ik't t po i ta o t a p o raet cu l ik'e t Th ç cua rs 'ts h l st t o a ij r t nse d f he p r p it ç t a rs 'ts. e l t l ik'e t o d ha f r n n u y o a a pr r y f l w ihi t do a n oft V W CA : ope l a l t n he m i he ( h c ustv d n e mu tb p c la t t ewo k a d n tc mmo t T) e a aie a g r s e e uir o h r n o o n o t nei bor he gh hood. I m us be i i nt lt t c r c e oft busne s a no t t nc de a o he ha a t r he i s nd t i pe nde nden oft r l ton ofm ase a s r nt l nee notha be f r ee t he e a i t r nd e va . t d ve en o es n o e c e butafe t e t i mus a a t ha ha is orgi i a rs r xpe t d, tr he ven t t ppe r o ve d t i n n ik conne t d w ih t e pl e ,a t ha fow e f om t ts r e as a r tonal c e t he m oym nt nd o ve l d r ha ou c ai consequence. l d l o h rwo d ,h VW CA d e n t p yt e c a e eyij r t t c u sa a n te rste o s o a pl o a h nd v r n u y ha o c r t wo k lc .Th p o rf c ,h plitf c n e ds i wheh rt eij r wa p ro l nn tr r p a e e r pe o us te an if o tn ,s te h n u y s e s na i au e a t notpa toft d c ua rs ' a s i t d w ih t e pl en . nd hus r he t t l iks' s oc a e t he m oym t a The pl ntf poi st c est ti c e r l ctt Vi gi a Supr m e Cou ts c r nt ai if nt o as ha t ont nds efe he r ni e r ' ur e t nki r ga di t V W CA a s hi ng e r ng he nd exua as a t . The pl i ifc ai st tBute v.Sout r l s uls a ntf l m ha lr he n Stt Coo rtve l ,270Va.459( )i dipostveoft i tntca e.l Bute ,he aes peai s nc. 2005 s s ii he nsa s n lr t panifwa afmaee l y eo a a rc lu a c o eaiewh ej b rs n i iiis litf s e l mp o e f n g iut rl o p rtv os o epo sblte i l d ope ai t ca h r git r s he i a ma ng de i re , ror i i nt y nc ude r tng he s e se , c dulng nd ki lve i s pe f m ng nve or c ks a ot rge r ldutes J . t46 W hiea wor oneday,amal co- ke tidt hec , nd he ne a i . #aa 2. l t k e wor r re o kishe a ot r s a s ule a batr dhe .J- Thee oye kne t tt asalnthad s r nd hewie s a td nd te e r #, mpl r w ha he s ia pr vi usy be n co c e off ony r pe. Thepl i ifa s a l ged t ton e r i r oc as onst e o l e nvi t d el a a ntf l o le ha a le c i he a s l n ha t d t pl ntf t thewa t Co da e' ra t he t l ysgotwha he s aia t d ol he ai if ha n ed t t 'he nd hat t wa t a t wa e ' I The pl i if s d t e pl rf neg i nthii and r s nt d. d. ' a ntf ue he m oye or lge rng e ponde s pe i at u ror la lt f t a s ul a ba t r I a 463. The e pl yertl a s ci lpl a i ba undert i biiy or he s a t nd te y. d. t m o i ed pe a e n r he VW CA.J..Asi t sc s ,t dee n a g t tt pli ifhadalge t tt e oye -z n hi a e he fnda t r ued ha he antf l J le d ha he mpl r i eased t rsk ofs ncr he i exualass tby hi ng and r ai ng t ass l and,t ef e,a caus aul ri et ni he aiant her or al c n e to e itd b t e t ep an ifsijlisa dtec n iin u e whc s ewa o n cin xse ewe n h litf' nt e n h o dto s nd r ih h s r r quiedt wor TheCou trj ce t a g ntandsaedt tçg eha c itntyhel e r o k. r ee td hat r ume tt ha çwj ve onsse l d t w he a as a tdspe s hat n n s ul i r onalt t e pl e a notdi e t d a ns he a an e pl e o o he m oye nd r c e gai t r s m oye r b c u eo h re l y n ,h ij r d e n t rs o t ft ee ly n .'Lla 4 6 e a s f e mp o me t te nu y o s o a ie u o h mpo me t' t t 6 ' a ( i RihmondNe pa r v.Ha ewood, Va.369,373(995).TheCour f t r quotng c ws pes zl 249 1 ) turhe e ai d t tbe us t a s ia t s k t o w e e t r ul ofhi a s red pe s la tac i xpl ne ha ca e he s a l n ' t i ns r he es t ac s set r ona tr ton t Bul ,' rij iscoul notçarybetac dt he e oyme asac rbui pr mae o ter'he nure d A il r e o r mpl nt f onti tng oxi t ca e' J= TheCour o rur t r lngont dee ntsplai ba a alwedt ca e us .' #. t ve t ned he ui he fnda ' e n r nd lo he s t m ove f wa d. o or r l a he r c ntc e,Atr e m a v.Log n' Roadho e.I , o.7: 2c 28 201 n not r e e as ti m a s us nc.N 1 v00 4, 2 U. Dit LEXI 1 94( . Va. S. s. S 651 W D. Nov.1 201 ( is n, ) t Cour r i he viyon 9, 2) W lo J.,he teled a l Bute t de e mi whehe a e oye wa i munefom as tsemmi fom awor a e lr o t r ne t r n mpl r s m r ui t ng r kpl c s xua as a t The pl i i f w ho w or d f t de e ntasa w air s w a s xua l a s ule e l s ul. a ntf , ke or he f nda t es , s e ly s a t d by a c wor rwho ha ba ke he i o af sor geca ne . 1 a *2. Thepli ifc am e o- ke d c d r nt ood t a bi t d. t antf l i d t tt co- or rha a kno n pr nst f vi e a s xua l a s uli be vi . 1 a ha he w ke d w ope iy or ol nt nd e ly s a tve ha or d. t *3. l pa tc a ,s a l ge t tt m a e co- ke d d s xua l as a t a t r f m al n ri ul r he le d ha he l wor r s ha e ly s uled no he e e s r r t tma ge e t e aedhi conduc ,a t tt wor a ewaspe a e wih e ve , ha na m nt olr t s t nd ha he kpl c nne t d t va i f m sofs xualy ha as i beha o . She f rhe alege t tt û k ac rous or e l r sng vi r' ' u t r l d ha he t pl e wor envionm e pe pe ua ed t t s ofbe vi a a tt st te nt ly 1 d t t s xual r nt r t t he ype ha or nd tiude ha ve ua l e o he e as a tby he cow o ke . I a * n de ng t d e nt sm o i n t di m i sbr s ul r r r' d. t 3.l nyi he ef nda ' t o o s s oughtunde ' r t e l i t pr s onsoft V W CA , he Cour he d t tt a l ga i i t pl ntf s he xc usviy ovi i he t t l ha he le tons n he ai i f compli tmihte tbls t the cowor r' asa twa pes lt he (ndt r o edi no antç g sa ih ha r ke s sul s rona o r a heefr d t çrs outofhe e oyme t).... l a *18. a ie r mpl n ' ' d. t ' 8 l Rih n Ne p pesv. z l o , 4 Va 3 9 (9 ) t eSu rmeCo r o n c mo d ws a r Ha ewo d 2 9 . 6 1 95 ,h p e utf V i g ni a s r le on t pe s lna ur ofa a t k t de dim i s lunde t V W CA . I r i a lo e id he r ona t e n tac o ny s s a r he n t tc s t pl ntf was s ha a e, he ai i f exua l a s uled by a m al c or ron nlm e ousoc s ons l a ly s a t e ow ke z r ca i , d. t 3 5 Th Co r h l ta t eij r ddn taieo to t ep an ifse l y n b c u eiwa 7 . e u t ed h t h nu y i o rs u f h litf mp o me t e a s t s t a pe s d of r onalna ur a no diec ed a i tt r i e s a e pl esori f t r nc oft t e nd t r t ga ns he ec pi nt s m oye n urhe a e he e l y rsbu i e s' I S eas Re me v Na' Sev l d s.nc, 3 Va 4 6( 9 9 mp o e ' sn s . d. e lo a r . tl r . n u .l .2 7 . 6 1 9 ) ' ( di t tt VW CA di no ba t pl nifsnegi nc acin a i the e oye hol ng ha he d t r he aitf lge e to gans r mpl r be a e i hi i t na ur ofe pl e i a f r t e-ent ls or i r as t r s ofr pe c us l not ng n he t e m oym nt n ' niur r a t e nc e es he i k a u a f c bl s nd or i e odom y, a fndi t tk i t as a t i J ' nd i ng ha t ke he s uls n ohnsa Pl me , hem uli e ' unl nd um r t tpl s exua a s ulsM s Rea e s f r d w e e pur y pe s l sa t . m r uf e e r el r onali na u e bot i m otva i a i n tr , h n i ton nd n c n ummain'; r v. t o No f l 1 Va Ap . 6 , 6 ( 9 2 ( o dn t a as x a os to ' Car Ci f rok, 5 . p 2 6 2 9 1 9 ) h l ig h t e u l ) v a s ul o f m al polc of i e by c e pl e was ' r onala notdie t d aga ns hera a s a t n e e i e fc r o- m oye ' s pe nd rce i t s n e oye orbe aus ofhe e pl e t' nd t tSe o e a t polc de rm e di not mpl e c e r m oym n 'a ha smpl ym nt t he i e pa t nt d s tntal i r s t rs ofs xua a sul Mor nv.MDC Hol ngs l 5 Va.Ci.45, ubsa ily ncea e he ik e l sa fl; ga di . nc. 4 r 2 0 W L 1 0 7 , t* ( ifxCi. . a 1 , 0 0 ( od n t a t eVW CA' e cu iiy 00 21 8 9 a 5 Fara r Ct M y 1 2 0 ) h li g h t h S x lsvt ba di nota y be us t a s ulswe eç ey pe s li naur ... d no a ie ou oft r d ppl ca e he s a t r t l r ona n t e di t rs t he pur panifse ly n . . n wgr )(oji a yma n ri f rhea c o t c r o ae li tf' mpo me t . a d e e n t n n n e n u t rn e f he o p rt dee ntsbusnes'. fnda ' i s' ) A lhough ea h sde ha m ade c peli a gum e s t co tbe i vest tt pl i if s t c i s om lng r nt , he ur le ha he a ntf c e sat s t be t rpos ton,a l as i t nns oft V igi a Supr m e Cour ' m or r ce as t e he te ii t e t n e he r ni e ts e e nt te t r a mentoft is . Asi Bute ml Ha el he s ue n lr d z wood, hea tcke hada hit y ofunwa e t ta r sor nt d s xua ad nc di e t d t w a dst pl i tf . The a t c a a st be t he r ul ofhi e l va es r c e o r he a n i f ta k ppe r o t es t t s a sre pe s ata to t gheplitfl'Bute , Va.a 466,a nota hi rlt t se td ronal trcin o t anif, lr 270 ' t nd nyt ng eaed o 9 t c tonsofhe e pl e t he ondii r m oym n .Theme e f c t tHa t a a M a tn wor d t t ri r a t ha rm n nd ri ke ogehe s i dequaet sat asamatrof1w t tt pli ifsijuisaos outo he e oy e . na t o te te a ha he antf n re z e f r mpl m nt Se CiyofRihmondv. a on,230Va.1 ,1 ( 985 ( di t ttti nots tcintt e t c Brxt 61 64 1 ) hol ng ha d s ufi e o i fnd t tt em pl e i w ha br i ha he oym nt s t ough t pa te i o c os pr m iy' t a y t VW CA t he ri s nt l e oxi t ' o ppl he ba) Ande ni t deenda ss dha knownt tM a tnpos dada rt t pli if r. ve f he f nt houl ve ha ri e nge o he antf bec us ofhi hit y ofs xuala s t t sdoe no a o a ialy ta f m hi pe s a e s sor e s aul, hi s t ut m tc l r ns or s r onal vi e pr die tons a a tac i t t pl i ifi t a c ol nt e l c i nd tr ton o he a ntf n o ondii ofe pl ym e f pu pos ton m o nt or r es oft VW CA.Se M or n, 00 W L 1 0879a *5(;lti ce rt tghepli ifs he e ga 20 21 t ((1 s la ha t antf j alegai t the e oyeskne t (heatc r ha a s ule ot wome donotbi l tons ha r mpl r w hat t ta ke j d s a td her n rng t sxuala s ulsagans he wihi t pur iw oft Ac.)(ii Ha el he e s a t i t r t n he ve he t' ctng z wood,249Va a ' .t 374- .Her,i i a r n t tt swasnotarndom asa tt tr uledbec us ofçhe 75) e t s ppa e t ha hi a sul ha es t a e i t c tonsunde whih t e pl rr quiest wor t bedone' Bute ,270 Va 465,butwa ondii r c he m oye e r he k o ,' l r . s i t ad pe s li na ur be w ee t o i vi l w ho ha ne t be c w o ker . A lhough ns e r ona n t e t n w ndi dua s ppe d o o- r s t t d e nt a eco r c i notngt tt ca esct d byt pli ifdo note iil dic s he ef nda s r r e t n i ha he s ie he antf xplcty s us Va Codej65. 301A) mos i vesxua asa t ofoneki ora he a i tnty, . 2- ( , t nvol e l suls nd not r nd,mpora l f us on t per ona na ur oft a t ck a r m ovi t cl i f om t V W CA . Se Bute , oc he s l t e he ta s e ng he a m r he e lr 270Va a 464(xplctydecdi nott a es j65. 301be us a a l i unde t ot r .t e iil i ng o ddr s 2ca e n nayss r he he, b o d re cu i i p o iin o t eVW CA wa d s stv i d tr n n ta teijlisdd r a e x l svt r v so s f h y s ipo iie n eemii g h t h nt e i r nota ieoutoft pl ntf se oy nt.Thec ti c nce t t lkei Bute ,hi wa rs he ai if mpl me ) our s onvi d ha, i n lr t s s ape s atc t twa ti nowa i frhea eof(hee oyes)busnes a t rf e,. ronal ta k ha s tn y n ' t rnc t mpl r' i s nd,heeor u . . c r o f i l be tac t he e pl e asa c r bu i pr m a e ca e.' l a 466. a m t a r y r ed o r m oym nt onti tng oxi t us ' d. t Fur he r ,t c t le s t t a l as w ih r s c t t fr tt e co s t t nno e he our be i ve ha , t e t t e pe t o he i s hr e unt , he dee nt'posto woul a hivea il c r ul: mpl r who dii ntys re dj fnda s iin d c e n logial es t e oye s lge l ce ne ob a l a i nsi C o Fourc e n t s m e i s s a l ge i Count One t ough Thr . For leg t o n unt onc r he n s ue le d n s hr ee e m pl ,t pl i t f ale st tCE1a R & M w e e ne i nti f ii t c xa e he a n i f l ge ha nd r glge n a lng o onduc ba kgr und t c o c ksont i ne hies I s ss h ast sa epr pe l ad e s wihi t fr ttze cot s hec her w r . s ue uc hi r o ry dr s ed t n he is lr e mt oft c pl nt w hi h wils vi t m o i t di m i s To t e en t tCount Foura he om ai , c l ur ve he ton o s s . he xt t ha s nd Fi r iea uni i s i co e nst c ton oft pa ki l whe et pl ntf wa ve as que s ue,t nc r he ondii he r ng ot r he ai if s atac d. A s not d, he pl i ifa l gest tt pa ki l w a poory lt i t r aroft t ke e t a ntf le ha he r ng ot s l i, n he e he buidi a i ahi c i ea e Furhe ,s al ge t tt r wa i dequae s urt o t l ng, nd n gh rm r a. t r he le s ha he e s na t ec iy n he nihtoft at c I s fa i he ge r ne i nc c am , hepl i ifha f us d on t g he ta k. n o r m ng r ne al glge e l i t antf s oc e he condii ofhe e pl e t asoppos d t t na ur oft ha pr e ed by M ari tons r m oym n , e o he t e he nn es nt tn. Condii ofe pl e , nc udi t s f t ofa pa ki 1 i whi h an e pl e i f c d tons m oym nt i l ng he a e y r ng ot n c m oye s or e t p r , r drcl r ltdt a e ly e s o s c t a t e flwihnteta iina so e o ak ae ie ty eae o n mpo e ' j b u h h t h y al t i h rd to l c p o t VW CA.J s a a e o e wh wa ij r db c u ehse o e fie t rme ya f he u t s n mply e o s nu e e a s i mply r ald o e d si r foorw oul be lm ie t r ove y unde t w or r 'c pe a i s he e,t lppe y l d i t d o ec r r he ke s om ns ton c m he pl i tf he e cam o pr e i t t a n i f r l t oce d n or unde a ge r lneg i nc t or t tr t s he viy on t r ne a lge e he y ha es s o a l he c tons oft wor a e. See Count ofBuc na Sc ondii he kpl c y ha n hoolB d. H or o 35 Va. pp. 28 v. t n, A 26, ( )( di t tpli if whopr ade e ti t condii ofwokplcese ca be 2001 hol ng ha antfs ove f c n he ton r a tps n c ompe ae t o ht VW CA) Hee,hepl ntf i e s nilysai t tt paki l nstd hr ug he . r t ai if s s e tal ttng ha he r ng ot waskde e tve' i t ti w a unr as bl da r us a t tt de e nt f l t t t s f c i ' n ha t s e ona y nge o , nd ha he f nda s aied o ake he a opra e s e t c r c i. The c a m s a nce i Co sFoura Fi a e aki t t tof ppr i t t ps o or e t t l i dva d n unt nd ve r n o ha a e pl e w ho f l i t e pl r spa ki 1 a m us l y una t nde f ra pr ong n m oye als n he m oye ' r ng ot nd ta te d o ol ed pe i be us t l i no pr ry patole Si pl put t pl ntf s a l ga i i Count rod ca e he ot s t ope l r l d. m y , he ai i f le tons n s Fol a dFi rlt t tec n iin u d rwhc s ewa f re t p ro m h r o , iet t n ve eae o h o dto s n e ih h s o c d o e fr e j b wh l he r r m a nde oft c pl i f us s on t natte oft ha m pos by M a tn. Thi i a e i r he om a nt oc e he tr he r ed ri ss 12 a ia s(ndt r di notce t ada r wor e r nt,butwhononet ls had pplc nt a heeby d rae ngeous k nvionme ) hee s al mpo e s fra a sulb ac wok rwo dn t n o t et r i nt p o ie b t e te ly e ufe n sa t y o r e ul o e j y h o tmmu iy r vd d y h V W CA , hie,o t ot rha e pl r w ho w e e neglge i s r ni a i a sor w l n he he nd, m oye s r i nt n c ee ng pplc nt ivetg tn c mpan swo de j yt r i nt u d rVa Co ej6 .- 01be a et e n siaig o lit ul n o o tmmu iy n e . d 52 3 c us h y c eaed a e r r t n nvionme whe et S t eoft e oy e 'i l nt r he s ur na he mpl m nt'ncuded a i r a e rs of n nc e s d ik s xua a s t The c ta ee wih t pl i ift tt G e r A s e bl c d notha e l s aul. our gr s t he a ntf ha he ne al s m y oul ve i e nt ndedt c eae ar ul t ts r wa dsempl r f t i m it kes Se Fox v. c Pr . o r t es t ha o e r oye s or her sa . e Rih ods Cor ,34Va. r 403,41 ( i hetrCi.Ct 1 (d i iai ( Code.j65. 301 p. Ci. 0 W nc se r . 994) < mplc ton, Va. By 2- ) ma si cea t t(e la s ullcl ms. .aeprmaiyt d i o t tlw a not ke t l r ha s xua s a t ai . r i rl he oman f or a nd wor rsc ke ' ompens to 1w.'. ain a ' ) Las l t tt i de w a per onali na ur i c ys a lz e n f t rw he one ty, ha he nci nt s s n t e s r t li ed ve ur he n c i r t is i t lghto t pl ntf salegai nsast Count Fo and Fi ,t onsde s he s ue n he i f he ai if l to o s ur ve he ge r lne i nc cai s I t e s to oft c ne a glge e l m . n hos eci ns he ompli ,t pli iff us on da r ant he antf oc es nge ous condii ce ry a i i fom he wor ng c ndii .Fore mpl t pli ifc pl nst t tons la l rsng r r ki o tons xa e, he antf om ai ha t pa ki l a t f ciiy w a di l lt ha poorvi i lt a w a l t d i t r roft he r ng ot t he a lt s m y i, d s biiy, nd s oca e n he ea he buidi i a hi c i e a ea Thes a l ga i f us o t ge a c tons oft w or a e l ng n gh rm r . e le tons oc n he ner l ondii he kpl c a hi i hthow t nat eoft ha m s ii t t sc s - M a tn' pe s latac i t nd ghlg he ur he r pectc o hi a e ri s r ona tr ton o t pl ntf i dif r ntfom t tadii lnotonsofwor a c tons Ac or ngl t he ai if s fe e r he r tona i kpl ce ondii . c di y, he c tbe i vest tt e us viy pr s ons oft V W CA do nota y t t pe s our le ha he xcl i t ovi i he ppl o he r onalha m r alege i Count One, o,a Thr ,a w ilde t de e n s m otons t di m i s l dn s Tw nd ee nd l ny he f nda t ' i o s s . B. C ount Four and Fi s ve Asi cae a ndi td bove t c tc i r t al ga i i Count Foura Fi t r ie , he our onsde s he le tons n s nd ve o as a i s t tf l w ihi t a bi oft V W CA . The c tfr tnot t tantm be oft n s ue ha als t n he m t he our is es ha l r he 11 dif r nceofki notdeg e ,a onet ts r nst lnebewe n whe t VW CA a i fe e nd r e nd ha ha pe he i t e n he pples a whe i doe not Stt d dif r nty,i Count Fou a Fi t ve y e s nc oft c e nd n t s . ae fee l n s r nd ve, he r s e e he aus ofa ton t nson t c ton oft w o k a e,a noton t pr da or i e ofa c w or r c i ur he ondii he r pl c nd he e t y nt nt o- ke t aly unr a e t t e pl yee' bus ne s t pl c t tbus nes i l a e ort m a ot l el t d o he m o s i s , he a e ha i s s oc t d, he nneror m e nsi whi h isbus ne si co uc ed,a i Count O ne t ough Thr e. a n c t i s s nd t s n s hr e The c ti co nc t tac am t tr ssupo t pr rm ant na eofawor ie our s nvi ed ha l i ha e t n he ope i e nc kst , a Co s Four a Fi do,i pr r y c pe abl t s unt nd ve s ope l om ns e mdert V W CA,a no i t t he nd t n or . Acc di l t c t ilgr ntCEl s a R& M ' m otons a t Count Fo . Re ol i of or ng y, he our w l a ' nd s i so s ur s uton CountFi de nds on t a i a lt oft V W CA t St st e a a s a ut y c em pl eror ve pe he pplc biiy he o m at s s t t or ooy c e pl e. Thi i dicus e i m e a e y bel . o- m oye s s s s d m di t l ow C. A pplc lt oft V W CA t Sunst e i abiiy he o at s H a ng dec ded t tt V W CA ba st ne i nc c ai sr a i t t c tonsof vi i ha he r he glge e l m el tng o he ondii t pl i tf e pl e , tbec m e ne es a y t de i w he he Sunst t s d be de m e he a n i fs m oym nt i o s c s r o c de t r a es houl e d a sa ut r co- m pl rorco- m pl e oft pl ntf . I s t ba w oul a y t t t t o y e oye e oye he ai i f f o, he r d ppl o he pl ntf cl i i Coun Fi aga ns Sunst t s a wel. Se Va.Code 65. 302. ai i fs a m n t ve i t ae s l e 2- W he a e oyeesij isaiefom t co tofat r pa t a çohe pa t ' n n mpl ' nure rs r he nduc hid ry, n st r ry' unde t W V CA ,s m a r c r he he y e overi a t r a ton a i tt tpa t asde f om r ce vi n o t c i ga ns ha r y i r e i ng s a ut y c pe a i f om t e pl r Se V a.Code 65. 309. The Supr m e Co tof t t or om ns ton r he m oye . e 2e ur Vigi aha hel t tSll bea t herpa t 'adee ntmus havebe asrnge t t r ni s d ha 'to n ot ry, fnda t en ta r o he ta e o c pai n o b sn s i whc t e o e wa e g g dwh nhewa ij r d' Pe k r d , c u to , r u ie s n ih he mply e s n a e e s nu e . c ' v.Sawa StelPr .I .262Va.522,525( ) TheCour ha r c tyhel t ta f y e ods.nc, 2001. t s e enl d ha def endantr ai a s r em ns t angert t t ade unl i i peror i a t t i an ess i partof o he r ess t s f m ng ask hat s ental t e o rsbusne s he mplye' i s .SeeNa rv. ppe ABM J nioralSe v .726S. 2d31 31 ( 201 a t i r s, E. 3, 8 Va. 2) 1 3 (ç hiej nioilsr c ma beconsdee ese il!.veybusne si t Commonwe t çW l a tra e vies y i rd s nta pe r i s n he a1h fro viu ra o s id sno f lo t t a io ilsr ie a ea e s n il r p e ey o b o s e s n ,t oe t olw ha j ntra e vc s r n se ta pat - v r f e oye' patc a tade busnes orocc ton.)(mphassi orgi ) Thus i i mpl rs riulr r , i s upai ' e ' i n i nal. ,t s ne es a y t de e m i whe he by pr di is s urt s r c t t f iiy,Sunst t w a c s r o t r ne t r ovi ng t ec iy e vi es o he ac lt a es s pe f m i a es e i lpa t t e pl r 'bus nes . r or ng n s nta r of he m oye s i s I Fowlrv.l ' Clani Senr l ,260Va. ( ) t Cour c i rd n e ntl e na . nc. , 421 2000 ,he t onsdee i t r h p o so o ce nnga djni ra s r ie i ap r o a (mpo e ')ta e t he t e r viin f la i n a t il e vc s s a t f n e ly rs r d , whe o bus ne s o oc upa i ' I a 428. The de e n i t tc s c r c e t pr de cl a ng i s r c ton. d. t ' f nda t n ha a e ont a t d o ovi e ni s r ce a a Sea sr t ll a i l hol ng t tt c e ni c pa w a nota sr nge t e vi s t r e ai oc ton. n di ha he l a ng om ny s ta r o Sea s b i s , he Cour no ed t tt t o pa tesw o ked t t rt m a nt i t pr m i es r ' us ne s t t t ha he w ri r oge he o i a n he e s . The s r r ponsbiiy f e urng t tt so ewascl n,smula usy conti utng t y ha ed es i lt or ns i ha he t r ea i t neo l rb i o i a s goa ofm a ng iss or c ea a t a tve,a s f .... I a 428. The Cour ç r' l se ki t t e l n, tr c i nd a e ' d. t ' t de e m i t tt c ea ng com pa w aspe f r i pa toft e pl ye ' bus ne s a t r ned ha he l ni ny r o m ng r he m o r s i s , nd ba r d t com m o 1 w t 4 a ton. r e he n a o1 c i l Bos rv. n ron,201Va 539( 966 ,heCour lke s bardas tbr n he J mes . 1 )t ti wie re ui oughtby a ij rde lye o ag n r l o ta tra ans as bc nr co e a e i h ui gs n t a n nu e mp o e f e ea c nr co g i t u o ta t r ng g d n a ln a d o c t u ton st l a to t delve i t s nd,t s onta orw a a s i ve i onsr c i ie. n ddii n o i rng he a he ubc r ct s l o nvol d n s e di i i i t f pr a ng t ns de he ounda i a ea t es a i h a ba e s x i he de p.The Cour de e m i ton r o t bls s i nc s e t t r ned t tt scom pr s d d r oft t a ,bus nes oroc upa i 'oft g r c r c or 1 a ha hi i e t t he r de pa i s c ton' he ene al ont a t . d. t 542. The e or t s ont a t rw asnota s r nge t t e pl ye ' w or a no a tot r r f e, he ubc r c o t a r o he m o r s k nd t n ç he pa t 'a e bl t s tou s de t V W CA . See a s W ha e v.Dea St elEr c i Co. 1 , ry' m na e o ui t i he lo ln n e e ton . nc. 229Va 1 1 ( 985)(ubc r corhie t erc se be msa aconsnztonst de me . 64, 66 1 s onta t rd o e t tel a t t ci ie e d notasr nge t t wor ofage r c r t ) ta r o he k neal ontacor. 1 4 I conta t i Nappe ,t Su e Cour ofVigi ahe dt tapl ntf whosi d n rs,n r he pr me t r ni l ha ai if lppe a fl i t c nd el n he omm on a e ofam ulitna ofi ebuidi wm pe mitd t pur ueat t ra t-e nt fc l ng s r te o s or a to a ans t ece nn c mpa ywi wh c i c nr ce t pr vd j nt ra s r ie cin g i t h la ig o n t ih t o ta td o o ie a io il evc s h t oug hr houtt buidi 726 S. 2d a 31 The Cour no e t tt e pl r K as l ,m er l he l ng. E. t 9. t t d ha he m oye , te ey l as s e i t buidi and t ti w ast pr ry m a em e c pa who c r t e ed pac n he l ng, ha t he ope t nag nt om ny ontac ed wih t c ea ng com pa Furhe ,K a te di notw or w ih t c e ni c pany i a w a t he l ni ny. t r s l d k t he l a ng om n ny y a ha no r ponsbiiy t cl a a oft com m o a e ,i udi t l bby w her t nd d es i lt o e n ny he n r as ncl ng he o e he pli ifwasij e l f tKa tee oye weee e sydial dunde t c rc antf n urd. n ac, sl mpl es r xprs l s lowe r he onta t fo ce nngte ea e s T eCo r h l ta at o g e e yb i s mi h n e j ntra r m la i h s ra . h u t ed h t lh u h v r usne s g t e d a i il o s r c ofone ki orano he ,hema evies nd t rt nneri whih t es r i swe epr de di not n c hos e vce r ovi d d qua iy a d r of' he e pl r sbus nes f pur e oft V W CA . lf s ' t t m oye ' pa i s or pos s he The Co tbe i vest s c e i m o e lke Fow l r Bos r a W ha en t n N a r A s ur le hi as s r i e , he , nd l ha ppe . Sunst t poi sout t pl ntf ha alege t tt t e de e a es nt , he ai if s l d ha he hr e f ndan s ope a e t t rt t r t d oge he o e ur pr r s urt m ea ur w e e t ken a t f iiy. Sunst t ha bee pa t t a con r d ns e ope ec iy s es r a t he ac lt a es s n r y o ta w ih CEIa R& M t pr de s urt a t f c lt f rt pas e g ye r . M or i pora l t nd o ovi ec iy t he a iiy o he t i ht a s e m t nty, i t Am e n he nded Com pl i , he pl i ifa l gest tt t e wer eq ly r s a nt t a ntf le ha he hr e e ua l e pons bl f r i e o mai ai ngt prmie .Thepli ifal est tSunstt wa t t ti c e twih ( nt ni he e ss antf leg ha aes s o t n onc r t CEI ac a R&M)t dic r gheijdute ...opr des urt a pr ecin t pe s pr di nd o shage t r is t ovi ec iy nd ot to o rons ovi ng lbo a t Fa iiy' ( c e No 5 , t!5 . l as n tst a ç un tts i c nun to wih a r the cl . Do k t . 2 a 0) t lo o e h ts s ae ,n o j ci n t t ' s R& M a CEI t con r ofpa t oft Fa lt a t Pa ki Lo ,' w a çdi c r ng nd , ook t ol r s he ciiy nd he r ng t' and s s s ha gi R&M a CE1sdutes'i pr di iss r ce .(d.a ! 1 1 ) Ac r ngt t fcsa nd ' i ' n ovi ng t evi s 1 t ! 68, 69. codi o he a t s a l ed by t pl i if i s e scl art tSunst t w a per onni a es e i lpa tofCEla leg he a ntf , t e m e ha a es s f ng n s nta r nd R& M ' bus ne s i c r yi ou is c r c . Thepl ntf ha a l ge t t t ee c pa es s i s n a r ng t t onta t ai i f s le d hat he hr om ni 15 c oope a e wih onea he i e urng t f clt woul bes e a a s h i c l otbes i rtd t not r n ns i he a iiy d af , nd s uc t am ad t tSunst t w asa Csr nge t t w or ' ho c be s d out i t V W CA . A c r ngl ha a es st a r o he k' w an ue s de he co di y, t cour w ilgr ntSunst t 'm oton t dim i sC o Fi oft c pl i . he t l a a es i o s s unt ve he om a nt I . V C o us on ncl i The c thol t tbec us t a t k a i tt pl i ifw a pe s li na ur ,i i our ds ha a e he tac ga ns he a ntf s r ona n t e t s notco r d by t e l i t pr s onsoft V W CA , nd Cou s One t ough Thr m us g ve e he xc us viy ovi i he a nt hr ee to f w a d. The c tf t rhol t tt ge r lneg i nce cl i s a l ge i Count Fo and or r our ur he ds ha he ne a lge a m le d n s ur Fi oft c pl n f li i t or na y pur i oft t s ofhar as oc a ed w ih t ve he om ai t al ns de he di r v ew he ype m s it t he w o k a ,a dim i s st ge r lne i nc cl m aga ns CEIa R& M . Fo t s m e r pl ce nd s s e he ne a glge e ai i t nd r he a r as and be aus Sunst t s i a s a ut y c e pl e oft pl i if t c t s di m i s e on, c e a e s t t or o- m oye he a ntf , he our al o s s es CountFi . ve TheClr i die t d t s nd c esoft sme o a e k s r c e o e opi hi m r ndum opi on a t ac ompa ng ni nd he c nyi or rt a lc de o 1 ouns lofr c d. e e or ENTER:Thi R s d yo Ma c , 2013. a f rh Chi fU nie St t s Di t i tJ e e t d a e sr c udg 16

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